Introduce a new chapter on USB Device Mode / USB OTG.
Reviewed by: bcr@ Approved by: bcr@ MFC after: 2 weeks Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15513
This commit is contained in:
Edward Tomasz Napierala
parent
4df1e538fc
commit
e6ffac0a54
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=51744
5 changed files with 377 additions and 127 deletions
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook
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@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ SRCS+= preface/preface.xml
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SRCS+= printing/chapter.xml
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SRCS+= security/chapter.xml
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SRCS+= serialcomms/chapter.xml
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SRCS+= usb-device-mode/chapter.xml
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SRCS+= virtualization/chapter.xml
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SRCS+= x11/chapter.xml
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@ -253,6 +253,7 @@
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&chap.l10n;
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&chap.cutting-edge;
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&chap.dtrace;
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&chap.usb-device-mode;
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</part>
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<part xml:id="network-communication">
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@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
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<!ENTITY chap.l10n SYSTEM "l10n/chapter.xml">
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<!ENTITY chap.cutting-edge SYSTEM "cutting-edge/chapter.xml">
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<!ENTITY chap.dtrace SYSTEM "dtrace/chapter.xml">
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<!ENTITY chap.usb-device-mode SYSTEM "usb-device-mode/chapter.xml">
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<!-- Part Four -->
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<!ENTITY chap.serialcomms SYSTEM "serialcomms/chapter.xml">
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@ -588,133 +588,6 @@ da0: <STECH Simple Drive 1.04> s/n WD-WXE508CAN263 detached
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any block device, including optical drives or
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<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> <acronym>LUN</acronym>s.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title><acronym>USB</acronym> Mass Storage Target</title>
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<note>
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<para>The &man.cfumass.4; driver is a <acronym>USB</acronym>
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device mode driver first available in &os; 12.0.</para>
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</note>
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<para>When running on <acronym>USB</acronym>
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<acronym>OTG</acronym>-compliant hardware like that built into
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many embedded boards, the &os; <acronym>USB</acronym> stack
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can run in <emphasis>device mode</emphasis>. Device mode
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makes it possible for the computer to present itself as
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different kinds of <acronym>USB</acronym> device classes,
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including serial ports, network adapters, and mass storage. A
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<acronym>USB</acronym> host like a laptop or desktop computer
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is able to access them just like physical
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<acronym>USB</acronym> devices.</para>
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<para>The &man.usb.template.4; kernel module allows the
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<acronym>USB</acronym> stack to switch between host-side and
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device-side automatically, depending on what is connected to
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the <acronym>USB</acronym> port. Connecting a
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<acronym>USB</acronym> device like a memory stick to the
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<acronym>USB</acronym> <acronym>OTG</acronym> port causes &os;
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to switch to host mode. Connecting a <acronym>USB</acronym>
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host like a computer causes &os; to switch to device
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mode.</para>
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<para>What &os; presents to the <acronym>USB</acronym> host
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depends on the <varname>hw.usb.template</varname> sysctl. See
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&man.usb.template.4; for the list of available values. Note
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that for the host to notice the configuration change, it must
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be either physically disconnected and reconnected, or forced
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to rescan the <acronym>USB</acronym> bus in a system-specific
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way. When &os; is running on the host, &man.usbconfig.8;
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<command>reset</command> can be used. This also must be done
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after loading <filename>usb_template.ko</filename> if the
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<acronym>USB</acronym> host was already connected to the
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<acronym>USB</acronym> <acronym>OTG</acronym> socket.</para>
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<para>The <varname>hw.usb.template</varname> sysctl
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is set to 0 by default, making &os; work as a
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<acronym>USB</acronym> Mass Storage target. Both
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&man.usb.template.4; and &man.cfumass.4; kernel modules must
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be loaded. &man.cfumass.4; interfaces to the CTL subsystem,
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the same one that is used for <acronym>iSCSI</acronym> or
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Fibre Channel targets. On the host side,
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<acronym>USB</acronym> Mass Storage initiators can only access
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a single <acronym>LUN</acronym>,
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<acronym>LUN</acronym> 0.</para>
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<para><acronym>USB</acronym> Mass Storage does not require the
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&man.ctld.8; daemon to be running, although it can be used if
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desired. This is different from <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>.
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Thus, there are two ways to configure the target:
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&man.ctladm.8;, or &man.ctld.8;. Both require the
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<filename>cfumass.ko</filename> kernel module to be loaded.
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The module can be loaded manually:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload cfumass</userinput></screen>
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<para>If <filename>cfumass.ko</filename> has not been built into
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the kernel, <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> can be set
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to load the module at boot:</para>
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<programlisting>cfumass_load="YES"</programlisting>
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<para>A <acronym>LUN</acronym> can be created without the
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&man.ctld.8; daemon:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ctladm create -b block -o file=/data/target0</userinput></screen>
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<para>This presents the contents of the image file
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<filename>/data/target0</filename> as a <acronym>LUN</acronym>
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to the <acronym>USB</acronym> host. The file must exist
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before executing the command. To configure the
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<acronym>LUN</acronym> at system startup, add the command to
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<filename>/etc/rc.local</filename>.</para>
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<para>&man.ctld.8; can also be used to manage
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<acronym>LUN</acronym>s. Create
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<filename>/etc/ctl.conf</filename>, add a line to
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<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> to make sure &man.ctld.8; is
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automatically started at boot, and then start the
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daemon.</para>
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<para>This is an example of a simple
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<filename>/etc/ctl.conf</filename> configuration file. Refer
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to &man.ctl.conf.5; for a more complete description of the
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options.</para>
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<programlisting>target naa.50015178f369f092 {
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lun 0 {
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path /data/target0
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size 4G
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}
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}</programlisting>
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<para>The example creates a single target with a single
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<acronym>LUN</acronym>. The
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<literal>naa.50015178f369f092</literal> is a device identifier
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composed of 32 random hexadecimal digits. The
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<literal>path</literal> line defines the full path to a file
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or zvol backing the <acronym>LUN</acronym>. That file must
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exist before starting &man.ctld.8;. The second line is
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optional and specifies the size of the
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<acronym>LUN</acronym>.</para>
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<para>To make sure the &man.ctld.8; daemon is started at
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boot, add this line to
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<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>ctld_enable="YES"</programlisting>
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<para>To start &man.ctld.8; now, run this command:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service ctld start</userinput></screen>
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<para>As the &man.ctld.8; daemon is started, it reads
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<filename>/etc/ctl.conf</filename>. If this file is edited
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after the daemon starts, reload the changes so they take
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effect immediately:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service ctld reload</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 xml:id="creating-cds">
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374
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/chapter.xml
Normal file
374
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/usb-device-mode/chapter.xml
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<!--
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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$FreeBSD$
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-->
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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0"
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xml:id="usb-device-mode">
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<title>USB Device Mode</title>
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<sect1 xml:id="usb-device-mode-synopsis">
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<title>Synopsis</title>
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<info>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<personname>
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<firstname>Edward Tomasz</firstname>
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<surname>Napierala</surname>
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</personname>
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<affiliation>
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<address>
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<email>trasz@FreeBSD.org</email>
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</address>
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</affiliation>
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<contrib>Written by </contrib>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</info>
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<para>This chapter covers the use of USB Device Mode and USB On
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The Go (<acronym>USB OTG</acronym>) in &os;. This includes
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virtual serial consoles, virtual network interfaces, and
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virtual USB drives.</para>
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<para>When running on hardware that supports USB device mode
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or <acronym>USB OTG</acronym>, like that built into
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many embedded boards, the &os; <acronym>USB</acronym> stack
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can run in <emphasis>device mode</emphasis>. Device mode
|
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makes it possible for the computer to present itself as
|
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different kinds of <acronym>USB</acronym> device classes,
|
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including serial ports, network adapters, and mass storage,
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or a combination thereof. A <acronym>USB</acronym> host like
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a laptop or desktop computer is able to access them just like
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physical <acronym>USB</acronym> devices.</para>
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<para>There are two basic ways the hardware can provide the
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device mode functionality: with a separate "client port", which
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only supports the device mode, and with a USB OTG port, which
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can provide both device and host mode. For
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<acronym>USB OTG</acronym> ports, the <acronym>USB</acronym>
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stack switches between host-side and device-side automatically,
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depending on what is connected to the port. Connecting a
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<acronym>USB</acronym> device like a memory stick to the
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port causes &os; to switch to host mode. Connecting a
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<acronym>USB</acronym> host like a computer causes &os; to
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switch to device mode. Single purpose "client ports" always
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work in device mode.</para>
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<para>What &os; presents to the <acronym>USB</acronym> host
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depends on the <varname>hw.usb.template</varname> sysctl. Some
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templates provide a single device, such as a serial terminal;
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others provide multiple ones, which can all be used at the same
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time. An example is the template 10, which provides a mass
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storage device, a serial console, and a network interface.
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See &man.usb.template.4; for the list of available
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values.</para>
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<para>Note that in some cases, depending on the hardware and the
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hosts operating system, for the host to notice the configuration
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change, it must be either physically disconnected and
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reconnected, or forced to rescan the <acronym>USB</acronym>
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bus in a system-specific way. When &os; is running on the host,
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&man.usbconfig.8; <command>reset</command> can be used.
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This also must be done after loading
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<filename>usb_template.ko</filename> if the
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<acronym>USB</acronym> host was already connected to the
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<acronym>USB</acronym> <acronym>OTG</acronym> socket.</para>
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<para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to set up USB Device Mode functionality on
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&os;.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to configure the virtual serial port on
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&os;.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to connect to the virtual serial port
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from various operating systems.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to configure &os; to provide a virtual
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<acronym>USB</acronym> network interface.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>How to configure &os; to provide a virtual
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<acronym>USB</acronym> storage device.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 xml:id="usb-device-mode-terminals">
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<title><acronym>USB</acronym> Virtual Serial Ports</title>
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<sect2>
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<title>Configuring USB Device Mode Serial Ports</title>
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<para>Virtual serial port support is provided by templates
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number 3, 8, and 10. Note that template 3 works with
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Microsoft Windows 10 without the need for special drivers
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and INF files. Other host operating systems work with all
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three templates. Both &man.usb.template.4; and &man.umodem.4;
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kernel modules must be loaded.</para>
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<para>To enable USB device mode serial ports, add those lines
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to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>:</para>
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<screen>ttyU0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 onifconsole secure
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ttyU1 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 onifconsole secure</screen>
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<para>Then add these lines to
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<filename>/etc/devd.conf</filename>:</para>
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<screen>notify 100 {
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match "system" "DEVFS";
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match "subsystem" "CDEV";
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match "type" "CREATE";
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match "cdev" "ttyU[0-9]+";
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action "/sbin/init q";
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};</screen>
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<para>Reload the configuration if
|
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&man.devd.8; is already running:</para>
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|
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service devd restart</userinput></screen>
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|
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<para>Make sure the necessary modules are loaded and the
|
||||
correct template is set at boot by adding
|
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those lines to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>,
|
||||
creating it if it does not already exist:</para>
|
||||
|
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<screen>umodem_load="YES"
|
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hw.usb.template=3</screen>
|
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|
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<para>To load the module and set the template without rebooting
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use:</para>
|
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|
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload umodem</userinput>
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&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.usb.template=3</userinput></screen>
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|
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
|
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<title>Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from
|
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&os;</title>
|
||||
|
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<para>To connect to a board configured to provide USB device
|
||||
mode serial ports, connect the USB host, such as a laptop, to
|
||||
the boards USB OTG or USB client port. Use
|
||||
<command>pstat -t</command> on the host to list the terminal
|
||||
lines. Near the end of the list you should see a USB serial
|
||||
port, eg "ttyU0". To open the connection, use:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l /dev/ttyU0</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>After pressing the Enter key a few times you will see
|
||||
a login prompt.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from
|
||||
macOS</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To connect to a board configured to provide USB device
|
||||
mode serial ports, connect the USB host, such as a laptop,
|
||||
to the boards USB OTG or USB client port. To open the
|
||||
connection, use:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l /dev/cu.usbmodemFreeBSD1</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from
|
||||
Linux</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To connect to a board configured to provide USB device
|
||||
mode serial ports, connect the USB host, such as a laptop,
|
||||
to the boards USB OTG or USB client port. To open the
|
||||
connection, use:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>minicom -D /dev/ttyACM0</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Connecting to USB Device Mode Serial Ports from
|
||||
Microsoft Windows 10</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To connect to a board configured to provide USB device
|
||||
mode serial ports, connect the USB host, such as a laptop,
|
||||
to the boards USB OTG or USB client port. To open a
|
||||
connection you will need a serial terminal program, such as
|
||||
<application>PuTTY</application>. To check the COM port name
|
||||
used by Windows, run Device Manager, expand "Ports (COM &
|
||||
LPT)". You will see a name similar to "USB Serial Device
|
||||
(COM4)". Run serial terminal program of your choice, for
|
||||
example <application>PuTTY</application>. In the
|
||||
<application>PuTTY</application> dialog set "Connection type"
|
||||
to "Serial", type the COMx obtained from Device Manager in the
|
||||
"Serial line" dialog box and click Open.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 xml:id="usb-device-mode-network">
|
||||
|
||||
<title><acronym>USB</acronym> Device Mode Network
|
||||
Interfaces</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Virtual network interfaces support is provided by templates
|
||||
number 1, 8, and 10. Note that none of them works with
|
||||
Microsoft Windows. Other host operating systems work with all
|
||||
three templates. Both &man.usb.template.4; and &man.if.cdce.4;
|
||||
kernel modules must be loaded.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Make sure the necessary modules are loaded and the correct
|
||||
template is set at boot by adding
|
||||
those lines to <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, creating
|
||||
it if it does not already exist:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>if_cdce_load="YES"
|
||||
hw.usb.template=1</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To load the module and set the template without rebooting
|
||||
use:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload if_cdce</userinput>
|
||||
&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.usb.template=1</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1 xml:id="usb-device-mode-storage">
|
||||
<title><acronym>USB</acronym> Virtual Storage Device</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>The &man.cfumass.4; driver is a <acronym>USB</acronym>
|
||||
device mode driver first available in &os; 12.0.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Mass Storage target is provided by templates 0 and 10.
|
||||
Both &man.usb.template.4; and &man.cfumass.4; kernel modules
|
||||
must be loaded. &man.cfumass.4; interfaces to the CTL
|
||||
subsystem, the same one that is used for
|
||||
<acronym>iSCSI</acronym> or Fibre Channel targets.
|
||||
On the host side, <acronym>USB</acronym> Mass Storage
|
||||
initiators can only access a single <acronym>LUN</acronym>,
|
||||
<acronym>LUN</acronym> 0.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Configuring USB Mass Storage Target Using the cfumass
|
||||
Startup Script</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The simplest way to set up a read-only USB storage target
|
||||
is to use the <filename>cfumass</filename> rc script. To
|
||||
configure it this way, copy the files to be presented to the
|
||||
USB host machine into the <literal>/var/cfumass</literal>
|
||||
directory, and add this line to
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>cfumass_enable="YES"</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To configure the target without restarting,
|
||||
run this command:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service cfumass start</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Differently from serial and network functionality, the
|
||||
template should not be set to 0 or 10 in
|
||||
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. This is because the
|
||||
LUN must be set up before setting the template. The cfumass
|
||||
startup script sets the correct template number automatically
|
||||
when started.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Configuring USB Mass Storage Using Other Means</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The rest of this chapter provides detailed description of
|
||||
setting the target without using the cfumass rc file. This is
|
||||
necessary if eg one wants to provide a writeable LUN.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><acronym>USB</acronym> Mass Storage does not require the
|
||||
&man.ctld.8; daemon to be running, although it can be used if
|
||||
desired. This is different from <acronym>iSCSI</acronym>.
|
||||
Thus, there are two ways to configure the target:
|
||||
&man.ctladm.8;, or &man.ctld.8;. Both require the
|
||||
<filename>cfumass.ko</filename> kernel module to be loaded.
|
||||
The module can be loaded manually:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload cfumass</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If <filename>cfumass.ko</filename> has not been built into
|
||||
the kernel, <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> can be set
|
||||
to load the module at boot:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>cfumass_load="YES"</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>A <acronym>LUN</acronym> can be created without the
|
||||
&man.ctld.8; daemon:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ctladm create -b block -o file=/data/target0</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This presents the contents of the image file
|
||||
<filename>/data/target0</filename> as a <acronym>LUN</acronym>
|
||||
to the <acronym>USB</acronym> host. The file must exist
|
||||
before executing the command. To configure the
|
||||
<acronym>LUN</acronym> at system startup, add the command to
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.local</filename>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>&man.ctld.8; can also be used to manage
|
||||
<acronym>LUN</acronym>s. Create
|
||||
<filename>/etc/ctl.conf</filename>, add a line to
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> to make sure &man.ctld.8; is
|
||||
automatically started at boot, and then start the
|
||||
daemon.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This is an example of a simple
|
||||
<filename>/etc/ctl.conf</filename> configuration file. Refer
|
||||
to &man.ctl.conf.5; for a more complete description of the
|
||||
options.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>target naa.50015178f369f092 {
|
||||
lun 0 {
|
||||
path /data/target0
|
||||
size 4G
|
||||
}
|
||||
}</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The example creates a single target with a single
|
||||
<acronym>LUN</acronym>. The
|
||||
<literal>naa.50015178f369f092</literal> is a device identifier
|
||||
composed of 32 random hexadecimal digits. The
|
||||
<literal>path</literal> line defines the full path to a file
|
||||
or zvol backing the <acronym>LUN</acronym>. That file must
|
||||
exist before starting &man.ctld.8;. The second line is
|
||||
optional and specifies the size of the
|
||||
<acronym>LUN</acronym>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To make sure the &man.ctld.8; daemon is started at
|
||||
boot, add this line to
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>ctld_enable="YES"</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To start &man.ctld.8; now, run this command:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service ctld start</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>As the &man.ctld.8; daemon is started, it reads
|
||||
<filename>/etc/ctl.conf</filename>. If this file is edited
|
||||
after the daemon starts, reload the changes so they take
|
||||
effect immediately:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service ctld reload</userinput></screen>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
</chapter>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue