Various markup/wording/consistency changes found by Murray.
Reviewed by: murray
This commit is contained in:
parent
244107c70e
commit
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Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=10025
2 changed files with 60 additions and 47 deletions
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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<!--
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<!--
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot/chapter.sgml,v 1.14 2001/07/17 20:51:52 chern Exp $
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/boot/chapter.sgml,v 1.15 2001/07/19 01:11:46 chern Exp $
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-->
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-->
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<chapter id="boot">
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<chapter id="boot">
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@ -65,22 +65,24 @@
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and also allow minor configuration of how they work.</para>
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and also allow minor configuration of how they work.</para>
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<sect2 id="boot-boot0">
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<sect2 id="boot-boot0">
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<title>boot0</title>
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<title><filename>boot0</filename></title>
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<indexterm><primary>Master Boot Record (MBR)</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>Master Boot Record (MBR)</primary></indexterm>
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<para>There is actually a preceding bootblock, named boot0,
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<para>There is actually a preceding bootblock, named
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<filename>boot0</filename>,
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which lives on the <firstterm>Master Boot
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which lives on the <firstterm>Master Boot
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Record</firstterm>, the special part of the disk that the
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Record</firstterm>, the special part of the disk that the
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system bootstrap looks for and runs, and it simply shows a
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system bootstrap looks for and runs, and it simply shows a
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list of possible slices to boot from.</para>
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list of possible slices to boot from.</para>
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<para>boot0 is very simple, since the program in the
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<para><filename>boot0</filename> is very simple, since the
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<abbrev>MBR</abbrev> can only be 512 bytes in size.</para>
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program in the <abbrev>MBR</abbrev> can only be 512 bytes in
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size.</para>
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<para>It displays something like this:</para>
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<para>It displays something like this:</para>
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<example id="boot-boot0-example">
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<example id="boot-boot0-example">
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<title>boot0 screenshot</title>
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<title><filename>boot0</filename> screenshot</title>
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<screen>F1 DOS
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<screen>F1 DOS
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F2 FreeBSD
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F2 FreeBSD
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@ -93,14 +95,16 @@ Default: F2</screen>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="boot-boot1">
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<sect2 id="boot-boot1">
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<title>boot1</title>
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<title><filename>boot1</filename></title>
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<para>boot1 is found on the boot sector of the boot slice,
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<para><filename>boot1</filename> is found on the boot sector of
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which is where <link linkend="boot-boot0">boot0</link>, or
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the boot slice, which is where <link
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any other program on the <abbrev>MBR</abbrev> expects to
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linkend="boot-boot0">boot0</link>, or any other program on the
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find the program to run to continue the boot process.</para>
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<abbrev>MBR</abbrev> expects to find the program to run to
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continue the boot process.</para>
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<para>boot1 is very simple, since it too can only be 512 bytes
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<para><filename>boot1</filename> is very simple, since it too
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can only be 512 bytes
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in size, and knows just enough about the FreeBSD
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in size, and knows just enough about the FreeBSD
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<firstterm>disklabel</firstterm>, which stores information
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<firstterm>disklabel</firstterm>, which stores information
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about the slice, to find and execute <link
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about the slice, to find and execute <link
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@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ Default: F2</screen>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="boot-boot2">
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<sect2 id="boot-boot2">
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<title>boot2</title>
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<title><filename>boot2</filename></title>
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<para>boot2 is slightly more sophisticated, and understands
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<para>boot2 is slightly more sophisticated, and understands
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the FreeBSD filesystem enough to find files on it, and can
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the FreeBSD filesystem enough to find files on it, and can
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@ -117,11 +121,12 @@ Default: F2</screen>
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<para>Since the <link linkend="boot-loader">loader</link> is
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<para>Since the <link linkend="boot-loader">loader</link> is
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much more sophisticated, and provides a nice easy-to-use
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much more sophisticated, and provides a nice easy-to-use
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boot configuration, boot2 usually runs it, but previously it
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boot configuration, <filename>boot2</filename> usually runs
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it, but previously it
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was tasked to run the kernel directly.</para>
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was tasked to run the kernel directly.</para>
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<example id="boot-boot2-example">
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<example id="boot-boot2-example">
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<title>boot2 screenshot</title>
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<title><filename>boot2</filename> screenshot</title>
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<screen>>> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT
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<screen>>> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT
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Default: 0:wd(0,a)/kernel
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Default: 0:wd(0,a)/kernel
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@ -162,7 +167,7 @@ boot:</screen>
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<indexterm><primary>loader</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>loader</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>loader configuration</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>loader configuration</primary></indexterm>
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<para>loader will then read
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<para>The loader will then read
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<filename>/boot/loader.rc</filename>, which by default reads
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<filename>/boot/loader.rc</filename>, which by default reads
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in <filename>/boot/defaults/loader.conf</filename> which
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in <filename>/boot/defaults/loader.conf</filename> which
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sets reasonable defaults for variables and reads
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sets reasonable defaults for variables and reads
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@ -329,8 +334,8 @@ boot:</screen>
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<para>Here are some practical examples of loader usage.</para>
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<para>Here are some practical examples of loader usage.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<itemizedlist>
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<indexterm><primary>single-user mode</primary></indexterm>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<indexterm><primary>single-user mode</primary></indexterm>
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<para>To simply boot your usual kernel, but in single-user
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<para>To simply boot your usual kernel, but in single-user
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mode:</para>
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mode:</para>
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@ -345,7 +350,7 @@ boot:</screen>
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</indexterm>
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</indexterm>
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<screen><userinput>unload</userinput>
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<screen><userinput>unload</userinput>
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<userinput>load <replaceable>kernel.old</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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<userinput>load <replaceable>kernel.old</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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<para>You can use <filename>kernel.GENERIC</filename> to
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<para>You can use <filename>kernel.GENERIC</filename> to
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refer to the generic kernel that comes on the install
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refer to the generic kernel that comes on the install
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@ -359,8 +364,7 @@ boot:</screen>
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<screen><userinput>unload</userinput>
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<screen><userinput>unload</userinput>
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<userinput>set kernel="<replaceable>kernel.old</replaceable>"</userinput>
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<userinput>set kernel="<replaceable>kernel.old</replaceable>"</userinput>
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<userinput>boot-conf</userinput></screen>
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<userinput>boot-conf</userinput></screen></note>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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@ -443,8 +447,7 @@ boot:</screen>
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<note>
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<note>
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<para>There are other boot flags, read &man.boot.8; for more
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<para>There are other boot flags, read &man.boot.8; for more
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information on them.</para>
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information on them.</para></note>
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</note>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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<!-- <sect2 id="boot-kernel-userconfig">
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<!-- <sect2 id="boot-kernel-userconfig">
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@ -547,7 +550,7 @@ console none unknown off insecure</programlisting>
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finally runs the startup scripts of locally installed
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finally runs the startup scripts of locally installed
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packages.</para>
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packages.</para>
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<para>&man.rc.8; is a good reference to the resource
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<para>The &man.rc.8; manpage is a good reference to the resource
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configuration system, as is examining the scripts
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configuration system, as is examining the scripts
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themselves.</para>
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themselves.</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect3>
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@ -563,8 +566,9 @@ console none unknown off insecure</programlisting>
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<para>Upon controlled shutdown, via <command>shutdown</command>,
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<para>Upon controlled shutdown, via <command>shutdown</command>,
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<command>init</command> will attempt to run the script
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<command>init</command> will attempt to run the script
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<filename>/etc/rc.shutdown</filename>, and then proceed to send
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<filename>/etc/rc.shutdown</filename>, and then proceed to send
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all processes the terminate signal, and subsequently the kill
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all processes the <literal>TERM</literal> signal, and subsequently
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signal to any that don't terminate timely.</para>
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the <literal>KILL</literal> signal to any that don't terminate
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timely.</para>
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</sect1>
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</sect1>
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</chapter>
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</chapter>
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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<!--
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<!--
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.sgml,v 1.9 2001/07/20 22:19:11 murray Exp $
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/config/chapter.sgml,v 1.10 2001/07/20 22:27:48 murray Exp $
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-->
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-->
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<chapter id="config-tuning">
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<chapter id="config-tuning">
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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
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<indexterm><primary>System optimization</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>System optimization</primary></indexterm>
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<para>Configuring a system correctly can substantially reduce the
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<para>Configuring a system correctly can substantially reduce the
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amount of work and hassle involved in maintaining and upgrading it
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amount of work involved in maintaining and upgrading it
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in the future. This chapter describes some of the aspects of
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in the future. This chapter describes some of the aspects of
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administrative configuration of FreeBSD systems.</para>
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administrative configuration of FreeBSD systems.</para>
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@ -70,7 +70,8 @@
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tracks than the inner. Knowing this, you should place your
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tracks than the inner. Knowing this, you should place your
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smaller, heavily-accessed filesystems, such as root and swap,
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smaller, heavily-accessed filesystems, such as root and swap,
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closer to the outside of the drive, while placing larger
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closer to the outside of the drive, while placing larger
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partitions, such as /usr, towards the inner. To do so, it is
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partitions, such as <filename>/usr</filename>, towards the
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inner. To do so, it is
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a good idea to create partitions in a similar order: root,
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a good idea to create partitions in a similar order: root,
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swap, <filename>/var</filename>,
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swap, <filename>/var</filename>,
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<filename>/usr</filename>.</para>
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<filename>/usr</filename>.</para>
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@ -82,7 +83,7 @@
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files, in particular, can grow to unexpected sizes based upon
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files, in particular, can grow to unexpected sizes based upon
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how many users are on your system and how long your log files
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how many users are on your system and how long your log files
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are kept. If you intend to run a mailserver, a
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are kept. If you intend to run a mailserver, a
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<filename>/var</filename> partition of over a gig can be
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<filename>/var</filename> partition of over a gigabyte can be
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suitable. Additionally, <filename>/var/tmp</filename> must be
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suitable. Additionally, <filename>/var/tmp</filename> must be
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large enough to contain any packages you may wish to
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large enough to contain any packages you may wish to
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add.</para>
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add.</para>
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@ -93,10 +94,13 @@
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<filename>/usr/local</filename> holds the bulk of the files
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<filename>/usr/local</filename> holds the bulk of the files
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installed from the &man.ports.7; hierarchy. If you do not
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installed from the &man.ports.7; hierarchy. If you do not
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use ports all that much and do not intend to keep system
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use ports all that much and do not intend to keep system
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source (/usr/src) on the machine, you can get away with a 1
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source (<filename>/usr/src</filename>) on the machine,
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gigabyte /usr partition. However, if you install a lot of
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you can get away with a 1
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gigabyte <filename>/usr</filename> partition. However,
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if you install a lot of
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ports (especially window managers and Linux binaries), we
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ports (especially window managers and Linux binaries), we
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recommend at least a two gigabyte /usr and if you also
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recommend at least a two gigabyte <filename>/usr</filename>
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and if you also
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intend to keep system source on the machine, we recommend a
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intend to keep system source on the machine, we recommend a
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three gigabyte <filename>/usr</filename>. Do not
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three gigabyte <filename>/usr</filename>. Do not
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underestimate the amount of space you will need in this
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underestimate the amount of space you will need in this
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@ -199,19 +203,21 @@
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directly implies this; it is configuration information for the
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directly implies this; it is configuration information for the
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<filename>rc*</filename> files.</para>
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<filename>rc*</filename> files.</para>
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<para>An administrator should make entries in the rc.conf file to
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<para>An administrator should make entries in the
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<filename>rc.conf</filename> file to
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override the default settings from
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override the default settings from
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<filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>. The defaults file
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<filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>. The defaults file
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should not be copied verbatim to <filename>/etc</filename> - it
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should not be copied verbatim to <filename>/etc</filename> - it
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contains default values, not examples. All system-specific
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contains default values, not examples. All system-specific
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changes should be made in the rc.conf file itself.</para>
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changes should be made in the <filename>rc.conf</filename>
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file itself.</para>
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<para>A number of strategies may be applied in clustered
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<para>A number of strategies may be applied in clustered
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applications to separate site-wide configuration from
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applications to separate site-wide configuration from
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system-specific configuration in order to keep administration
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system-specific configuration in order to keep administration
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overheads down. The recommended approach is to place site-wide
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overheads down. The recommended approach is to place site-wide
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configuration into another file,
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configuration into another file,
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eg. <filename>/etc/rc.conf.site</filename>, and then include
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such as <filename>/etc/rc.conf.site</filename>, and then include
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this file into <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, which will
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this file into <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, which will
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contain only system-specific information.</para>
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contain only system-specific information.</para>
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@ -231,12 +237,13 @@
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</itemizedlist>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>The <filename>rc.conf.site</filename> file can then be
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<para>The <filename>rc.conf.site</filename> file can then be
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distributed to every system using eg. <command>rsync</command>,
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distributed to every system using <command>rsync</command> or similar
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whilst the <filename>rc.conf</filename> file remains unique.</para>
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program, whilst the <filename>rc.conf</filename> file remains
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unique.</para>
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<para>Upgrading the system eg. via &man.sysinstall.8;
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<para>Upgrading the system using &man.sysinstall.8;
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or 'make world' will not overwrite the rc.conf file, so system
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or 'make world' will not overwrite the <filename>rc.conf</filename>
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configuration information will not be lost.</para>
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file, so system configuration information will not be lost.</para>
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||||||
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</sect1>
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</sect1>
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@ -384,8 +391,9 @@ exit 0
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<programlisting>ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"</programlisting>
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<programlisting>ifconfig_fxp0_alias0="inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"</programlisting>
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<para>Note that alias entries must start with alias0 and proceed
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<para>Note that alias entries must start with alias0 and proceed
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upwards in order, eg. _alias1, _alias2, etc. The configuration
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upwards in order, (for example, _alias1, _alias2, and so on).
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process will stop at the first missing number.</para>
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The configuration process will stop at the first missing number.
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</para>
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<para>The calculation of alias netmasks is important, but
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<para>The calculation of alias netmasks is important, but
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fortunately quite simple. For a given interface, there must be
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fortunately quite simple. For a given interface, there must be
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@ -462,7 +470,7 @@ exit 0
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</row>
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</row>
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<row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename>/var/db</filename></entry>
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<entry><filename>/var/db</filename></entry>
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||||||
<entry>Persistent system-specific data files, eg. bind(8) zone
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<entry>Persistent system-specific data files, such as bind zone
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files, database files, and so on.</entry>
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files, database files, and so on.</entry>
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||||||
</row>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tbody>
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@ -517,7 +525,7 @@ exit 0
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nameserver 147.11.1.11
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nameserver 147.11.1.11
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nameserver 147.11.100.30</programlisting>
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nameserver 147.11.100.30</programlisting>
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||||||
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||||||
<para>&man.dhclient.8; usually rewrites
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<para>If you are using DHCP, &man.dhclient.8; usually rewrites
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||||||
<filename>resolv.conf</filename> with information received from the
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<filename>resolv.conf</filename> with information received from the
|
||||||
DHCP server.</para>
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DHCP server.</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect3>
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@ -655,7 +663,7 @@ cron.* /var/log/cron
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||||||
<programlisting># configuration file for newsyslog
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<programlisting># configuration file for newsyslog
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||||||
# $FreeBSD$
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# $FreeBSD$
|
||||||
#
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#
|
||||||
# logfilename [owner:group] mode count size when [ZB] [/pid_file] [sig_num]
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# filename [owner:group] mode count size when [ZB] [/pid_file] [sig_num]
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||||||
/var/log/cron 600 3 100 * Z
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/var/log/cron 600 3 100 * Z
|
||||||
/var/log/amd.log 644 7 100 * Z
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/var/log/amd.log 644 7 100 * Z
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||||||
/var/log/kerberos.log 644 7 100 * Z
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/var/log/kerberos.log 644 7 100 * Z
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||||||
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@ -685,7 +693,8 @@ cron.* /var/log/cron
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||||||
<indexterm><primary>sysctl</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>sysctl</primary></indexterm>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para><filename>sysctl.conf</filename> looks much like
|
<para><filename>sysctl.conf</filename> looks much like
|
||||||
<filename>rc.conf</filename>. Values are set in a variable=value
|
<filename>rc.conf</filename>. Values are set in a
|
||||||
|
<literal>variable=value</literal>
|
||||||
form. The specified values are set after the system goes into
|
form. The specified values are set after the system goes into
|
||||||
multi-user mode. Not all variables are settable in this mode.</para>
|
multi-user mode. Not all variables are settable in this mode.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -710,7 +719,7 @@ compat.linux.osrelease=4.3-STABLE</programlisting>
|
||||||
options of the TCP/IP stack and virtual memory system that can
|
options of the TCP/IP stack and virtual memory system that can
|
||||||
dramatically improve performance for an experienced system
|
dramatically improve performance for an experienced system
|
||||||
administrator. Over five hundred system variables can be read
|
administrator. Over five hundred system variables can be read
|
||||||
and set using &man.sysctl.8;</para>
|
and set using &man.sysctl.8;.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>At its core, &man.sysctl.8; serves to do two functions: read and
|
<para>At its core, &man.sysctl.8; serves to do two functions: read and
|
||||||
modify system settings.</para>
|
modify system settings.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue