diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/captions/2009/asiabsdcon/allman-internetmail.sbv b/en_US.ISO8859-1/captions/2009/asiabsdcon/allman-internetmail.sbv new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1934aade08 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/captions/2009/asiabsdcon/allman-internetmail.sbv @@ -0,0 +1,5768 @@ +0:00:01.619,0:00:04.150 +so its time to move on to the next talk + +0:00:04.150,0:00:07.160 +this talk has the keynote speech + +0:00:07.160,0:00:09.069 +by Eric Allman + +0:00:09.069,0:00:11.239 +Chief Science Officer + +0:00:11.239,0:00:12.839 +of sendmail + +0:00:12.839,0:00:17.639 +and I think that internet mail past present and bit of future + +0:00:17.639,0:00:20.759 +I will introduce + +0:00:20.759,0:00:22.380 +his biography + +0:00:22.380,0:00:27.409 +Eric Allman is the original author of sendmail and +longtime contributor to partial index + +0:00:29.149,0:00:33.870 +he also wrote ending lockroads Ctwelve lock identification + +0:00:33.870,0:00:39.530 +beside externa sendmail he has worked with database management + +0:00:39.530,0:00:40.490 +systems and + +0:00:40.490,0:00:41.679 +and neural + +0:00:41.679,0:00:43.159 +network based speech recognition + +0:00:43.159,0:00:46.410 +system administration and networking + +0:00:46.410,0:00:50.050 +he is chief science officer and co-founder of + +0:00:50.050,0:00:50.999 +sendmail + +0:00:50.999,0:00:51.509 +incorporated + +0:00:51.509,0:00:52.789 +before joining sendmail + +0:00:52.789,0:00:54.190 +he served as CEO + +0:00:54.190,0:00:55.529 +for Swift + +0:00:55.529,0:01:00.620 +incorporated. which is now part of twenty four seven media Inc. + +0:01:00.620,0:01:03.490 +he was with the lovern + +0:01:03.490,0:01:10.250 +and provided the whole scale research software infrastructure +for most of the projects at University of Berkeley + +0:01:10.250,0:01:12.740 +he has contributed as senior + +0:01:12.740,0:01:16.369 +at the international computer science institute + +0:01:16.369,0:01:17.909 +to neural network systems and + +0:01:17.909,0:01:19.979 +ihe was also part + +0:01:19.979,0:01:21.740 +of Ingress + +0:01:21.740,0:01:24.300 +invasion of system + +0:01:24.300,0:01:28.220 +and only co-authored the advisor for + +0:01:28.220,0:01:31.639 +Unix magazine and was a member of + +0:01:31.639,0:01:35.150 +the board of directors at Unix association + +0:01:35.150,0:01:36.580 +he has currently program chair + +0:01:36.580,0:01:37.969 + +0:01:37.969,0:01:44.260 +for the conference on e-mail and spam and +member of ACM Queue editorial board + +0:01:44.260,0:01:45.739 +and the board of + +0:01:45.739,0:01:48.340 +trustee of call performances + +0:01:48.340,0:01:53.650 +he holds a Master of science degree in +computer science from University of California Berkeley + +0:01:53.650,0:02:00.650 +so please + +0:02:01.480,0:02:08.480 +make sure, can everyone hear me clearly? + +0:02:11.559,0:02:13.989 +okay. I'm going to give you a little bit of + +0:02:13.989,0:02:15.860 +well actually quite a bit of history about + +0:02:15.860,0:02:20.339 + e-mail and related technologies starting +really from + +0:02:20.339,0:02:22.840 +before the internet existed + +0:02:22.840,0:02:27.269 +this talk that I gave a couple of years +ago and although there's a lot of slides I'm going to + +0:02:27.269,0:02:30.459 +try and go through it fairly quickly because the +more interesting + +0:02:30.459,0:02:32.789 +current stuff is + +0:02:32.789,0:02:34.909 +towards the end. The current stuff will be + +0:02:34.909,0:02:36.729 +some observations about spam + +0:02:36.729,0:02:39.949 + and e-mail security in general + +0:02:39.949,0:02:46.359 +and the authentication and reputation which is +what I've been working on most recently + +0:02:46.359,0:02:50.019 +then I'm going to give you some everyone always +wants to know what I think will be the future + +0:02:50.019,0:02:54.849 +of e-mail and I always tell them I don't know +any better than they do but they insist on + +0:02:54.849,0:02:58.239 +having me tell them so I'll come up with a few +things there + +0:02:58.239,0:03:01.189 +I've thrown in some stuff by the way about + +0:03:01.189,0:03:04.719 + some other things that people have asked me +about here so i'm + +0:03:04.719,0:03:07.299 +trying to adjust the talk to be + +0:03:07.299,0:03:08.350 +of + +0:03:08.350,0:03:09.379 +interest to + +0:03:09.379,0:03:12.099 +what people seem to want to hear + +0:03:12.099,0:03:16.299 +so first I want to talk about the +prehistory of + +0:03:16.299,0:03:19.349 +of the internet really this is the Arpanet + +0:03:19.349,0:03:21.329 +starting from zero hosts + +0:03:21.329,0:03:25.819 +on the network to two hundred and thirteen which +is where the Arpanet + +0:03:25.819,0:03:29.769 +peaked out it couldn't go much larger than +two hundred thirteen because + +0:03:29.769,0:03:31.509 +there was only an eight bit + +0:03:31.509,0:03:34.329 +host address + +0:03:34.329,0:03:37.469 +I + +0:03:37.469,0:03:40.799 +I'm going to talk, plotting things on this kind of graph + +0:03:40.799,0:03:44.959 +this is date down at the bottom and the number of +hosts on the side + +0:03:44.959,0:03:49.799 +this is a one year scale. I'll keep readjusting the +scale as we move up + +0:03:49.799,0:03:56.799 +otherwise this is just a flat line down at the bottom + +0:03:57.469,0:04:04.469 +so yes you can + +0:04:05.979,0:04:09.949 +so this is kind of one thing to start of +the history of e-mail + +0:04:09.949,0:04:11.750 +but it turns out this is + +0:04:11.750,0:04:15.719 +about an awful lot of things I just want to +read you a quote + +0:04:15.719,0:04:18.160 +that describes this event in December + +0:04:18.160,0:04:19.419 +well + +0:04:19.419,0:04:22.719 +on December 9, 1968 Dirk Engelbar + +0:04:22.719,0:04:25.240 +who by the way who invented the computer mouse + +0:04:25.240,0:04:30.080 +and with a group of seventeen researchers +working with him in the augmentation + +0:04:30.080,0:04:34.569 +research center at stanford research institute +in Menlo Park, California + +0:04:34.569,0:04:39.210 +presented a ninety-minute live public demonstration +of the on-line system nls + +0:04:39.210,0:04:42.580 +that they'd been working on since 1962 + +0:04:42.580,0:04:46.409 +the public presentation was a session of the +fall short of computer conference hall at + +0:04:46.409,0:04:48.850 +the convention center in San francisco + +0:04:48.850,0:04:53.090 +and was attended by about one thousand computer +professionals + +0:04:53.090,0:04:54.809 +this was the public + +0:04:54.809,0:04:56.949 +debut of the computer mouse + +0:04:56.949,0:05:02.399 +but the mouse of the only one of many innovations +demonstrated that day including hypertext, object + +0:05:02.399,0:05:04.400 +address and dynamic file linking + +0:05:04.400,0:05:09.569 +as well as shared screen collaboration involving +two persons of different sites + +0:05:09.569,0:05:13.349 +communicating over a network with audio and +video interface + +0:05:13.349,0:05:15.809 +Okay imagine that day + +0:05:15.809,0:05:17.350 +no network exists + +0:05:17.350,0:05:18.839 +at all + +0:05:18.839,0:05:21.169 +and they're doing a remote demo with + +0:05:21.169,0:05:22.849 +audio and video + +0:05:22.849,0:05:27.929 +they're interacting doing screen sharing +over the the internet, they're showing off the mouse for + +0:05:27.929,0:05:30.380 +the first time that nobody's ever seen + +0:05:30.380,0:05:33.259 +and he throws in stuff like hypertext and what not + +0:05:33.259,0:05:38.030 +I can only wish I was there that must have been amazing + +0:05:38.030,0:05:40.350 +the point I made of course is that + +0:05:40.350,0:05:42.550 +back in 1968 + +0:05:42.550,0:05:48.289 +they were demoing stuff that we only +recently got on the internet + +0:05:48.289,0:05:50.720 +we havent really come that far + +0:05:50.720,0:05:54.069 +so in September 1969 + +0:05:54.069,0:05:56.040 +the first Arpanet + +0:05:56.040,0:05:58.080 +was + +0:05:58.080,0:06:02.330 +brought up, September second nineteen sixty nine to be +precise which happens to be my birthday + +0:06:02.330,0:06:05.839 +that was a single host at UCLA + +0:06:05.839,0:06:10.969 +which is a little odd because you think of most +networks as having at least two hosts on them + +0:06:10.969,0:06:11.610 +but + +0:06:11.610,0:06:15.159 +for a while there was actually only one host on the Arpanet + +0:06:15.159,0:06:19.650 +this is a very smudged map of the original Arpanet + + +0:06:19.650,0:06:23.710 +they had this thing called the IMP the +Internet Message Processor + +0:06:23.710,0:06:26.219 +which was essentially the routers that + +0:06:26.219,0:06:28.729 + + +0:06:28.729,0:06:29.780 +but they + +0:06:29.780,0:06:31.740 +gather the data around the + +0:06:31.740,0:06:35.339 +Arpanet which wasnt particularly difficult +in this case but + +0:06:35.339,0:06:38.860 +it became so later and then a + +0:06:38.860,0:06:44.089 +single host which was a sigma 7. this is obviously +by the way somebody's hand drawn + +0:06:44.089,0:06:48.490 +slide that was done with those ink that gets +easily smudged when you + +0:06:48.490,0:06:51.439 +put your inside of your hand on it + +0:06:51.439,0:06:54.150 +so fortunately + +0:06:54.150,0:06:58.509 +that one host +a month added at SRI + +0:06:58.509,0:07:02.319 +university of California Santa barbara and +the university of Utah + +0:07:02.319,0:07:05.470 +which gave us a map like this + +0:07:05.470,0:07:07.870 +so you can see + +0:07:07.870,0:07:12.019 +the round things here are the IMPs there's +four of 'em + +0:07:12.019,0:07:14.749 +and each one of them has exactly one host + +0:07:14.749,0:07:15.929 +hanging off of it + +0:07:15.929,0:07:20.109 +you could have up to four hosts connected to a single IMP + +0:07:20.109,0:07:23.209 +so kind of a mini star topology. + +0:07:23.209,0:07:27.350 +this is actually very important look at this +because it's already + +0:07:27.350,0:07:29.210 +an arbitrary + +0:07:29.210,0:07:36.199 +networks topology. its not a star configuration +its not a ring configuration + +0:07:36.199,0:07:37.669 +its essentially arbitrary + +0:07:37.669,0:07:39.049 +hookup + +0:07:39.049,0:07:41.030 +and that actually + +0:07:41.030,0:07:43.849 +is something that we had + +0:07:43.849,0:07:47.080 +that industry had to rediscover as well + +0:07:47.080,0:07:48.050 +the other thing + +0:07:48.050,0:07:49.979 +that knows is that there is + +0:07:49.979,0:07:51.999 +Magnium three sixteen + +0:07:51.999,0:07:55.669 +a Sigma 7, an XDS nine fourteen + +0:07:55.669,0:07:57.969 +and a PDP ten there were no + +0:07:57.969,0:08:01.449 +two identical architectures on the first +Arpanet + +0:08:01.449,0:08:05.309 +it was designed right from the start to +be headed off tramps + +0:08:05.309,0:08:07.229 +this was untrue of + +0:08:07.229,0:08:09.449 +any network that you saw + +0:08:09.449,0:08:11.259 + up until + +0:08:11.259,0:08:13.100 + any other network + +0:08:13.100,0:08:14.770 +for example + +0:08:14.770,0:08:17.749 +microsoft networks always assume you're running +windows + +0:08:17.749,0:08:19.220 +on the program + +0:08:19.220,0:08:19.939 +hardware + +0:08:19.939,0:08:23.659 +the Arpanet had a totally different view + +0:08:23.659,0:08:25.919 +now here's just kind of a humor + +0:08:25.919,0:08:28.229 +picture did + +0:08:28.229,0:08:32.269 +this is John Pasto sorry it's not very good + +0:08:32.269,0:08:33.699 +Steve Carcker + +0:08:33.699,0:08:35.540 +and Vint Cert + +0:08:35.540,0:08:40.539 +I have no idea what the pickles are +about + +0:08:40.539,0:08:44.500 +but I do think it's interesting that here +are probably the three people who were + +0:08:44.500,0:08:46.470 +but fathers of the internet + +0:08:46.470,0:08:48.690 +and they couldn't even get it right + +0:08:48.690,0:08:55.690 +they've got outputs connected to outputs and inputs to inputs + +0:08:58.030,0:08:59.510 +so wasnt + +0:08:59.510,0:09:02.270 +all that long + +0:09:02.270,0:09:07.740 +before the network was quite a bit bigger +this has gone cross country now + +0:09:07.740,0:09:09.560 +we should point out + +0:09:09.560,0:09:11.350 +these links + +0:09:11.350,0:09:14.620 +were really really fast data links + +0:09:14.620,0:09:18.830 +fifty six kilobytes per second + +0:09:18.830,0:09:22.230 +and they cost a fortune + +0:09:22.230,0:09:23.620 +so fact + +0:09:23.620,0:09:27.780 +that they started off in one little cluster +together on the west coast was just to + +0:09:27.780,0:09:30.000 +save costs as much as anything + +0:09:30.000,0:09:32.310 +but by september they had spread out + +0:09:32.310,0:09:34.000 +quite a bit now + +0:09:34.000,0:09:35.430 +the Arpanet was designed + +0:09:35.430,0:09:36.510 +to + +0:09:36.510,0:09:38.880 +share expensive resources + +0:09:38.880,0:09:40.040 +so + +0:09:40.040,0:09:43.450 +lots of universities wanted to have their +own computer + +0:09:43.450,0:09:45.990 +but computers were too expensive + +0:09:45.990,0:09:47.580 +so they could put in + +0:09:47.580,0:09:49.830 + small machines + +0:09:49.830,0:09:51.050 +that could + +0:09:51.050,0:09:54.149 +you could connect to the larger machines with +over the net + +0:09:54.149,0:09:59.130 +and so the two primary protocols of the time +were Telnet and FTP + +0:09:59.130,0:10:00.660 +e-mail was not + +0:10:00.660,0:10:01.960 +even considered + +0:10:01.960,0:10:06.960 +in the original design of the Arpanet + +0:10:06.960,0:10:10.110 +what do the + +0:10:10.110,0:10:11.030 +teams + +0:10:11.030,0:10:13.450 +mean the teams in minor. those were + +0:10:13.450,0:10:16.580 +they're called tips they were + +0:10:16.580,0:10:17.860 +essentially + +0:10:17.860,0:10:19.760 +access + +0:10:19.760,0:10:22.800 +if you will smart + +0:10:22.800,0:10:23.650 + + +0:10:23.650,0:10:27.550 +well not very smart notes. they werent actually +computers they were places you could log in + +0:10:27.550,0:10:30.610 +be it just a terminal if you will + +0:10:30.610,0:10:32.370 +so you know being an IMP + +0:10:32.370,0:10:33.590 +they had no + +0:10:33.590,0:10:37.710 +computer there on the network that they could +log into the other places + +0:10:37.710,0:10:40.950 +that's fundamentally it + +0:10:40.950,0:10:42.360 +okay + +0:10:42.360,0:10:46.620 +so in late nineteen seventy one was one of +the first network e-mail + +0:10:46.620,0:10:50.450 +was sent if you're going to tell first ever +in all of history + +0:10:50.450,0:10:55.340 +it was sent by this guy Ray Thompson who +was indeed the real father of e-mail + +0:10:55.340,0:10:59.850 +people sometimes try and make me out to be +that but it just isn't true + +0:10:59.850,0:11:00.970 + he really is + +0:11:00.970,0:11:01.999 +he was working + +0:11:01.999,0:11:03.830 +at + +0:11:03.830,0:11:07.630 +Bolt Beranek and Newman which was one of the +contractors on the Arpanet + +0:11:07.630,0:11:10.869 + the original version was just + +0:11:10.869,0:11:15.110 +part of FTP. he did a file transfer +and the + +0:11:15.110,0:11:16.010 +special semantics were + +0:11:16.010,0:11:20.050 +it would just depend whatever you had out of +the end of some fixed file so each person + +0:11:20.050,0:11:21.220 +would have an inbox + +0:11:21.220,0:11:23.260 +and it would go splat + +0:11:23.260,0:11:26.580 +and add your text to the end of their + +0:11:26.580,0:11:29.520 +mailbox I don't think it had headers at the top + +0:11:29.520,0:11:33.750 +it was in late nineteen seventy one and it +linked two machines that were creatively named + +0:11:33.750,0:11:36.630 +the BBNA and BBNB + +0:11:36.630,0:11:41.060 +there they are the first two e-mail notice +that they're sitting right next to each + +0:11:41.060,0:11:41.690 +other + +0:11:41.690,0:11:46.900 +the first e-mail was not sent around the world +or anything like that. it stayed within a single + +0:11:46.900,0:11:48.220 +room + +0:11:48.220,0:11:53.230 +these are PEP temps by the way + +0:11:53.230,0:11:58.820 +just as an aside now really eleven seventy +one Unix one dot oh came out + +0:11:58.820,0:12:02.560 +that was done by these folks Ken thompson +and Dennis Richie + +0:12:02.560,0:12:06.910 +Unix 1.0 wasn't particularly interesting +from network point of view but + +0:12:06.910,0:12:08.399 +we all know what + +0:12:08.399,0:12:10.860 +eventually happened to + +0:12:10.860,0:12:15.480 +Unix I'm kind of putting this into a historic +context + +0:12:15.480,0:12:20.190 +so let's go to nineteen seventy three it was +the beginning of a really really exciting + +0:12:20.190,0:12:22.390 +time at Berkeley I'm not + +0:12:22.390,0:12:23.540 + + +0:12:23.540,0:12:27.360 +not entirely because that was the year I entered +Berkeley but + +0:12:27.360,0:12:29.590 +that was one of the reasons + +0:12:29.590,0:12:32.120 +and at the same time there were people + +0:12:32.120,0:12:36.499 +running around like this guy Bill Joy who had a lot to do with + +0:12:36.499,0:12:37.980 +Berkeley NX + +0:12:37.980,0:12:41.930 +and this guy who's out there somewhere + +0:12:41.930,0:12:44.780 +you cannot have a better picture + +0:12:44.780,0:12:50.460 +If I had a picture of him from that your era +he's actually leaning down next to a truck + +0:12:50.460,0:12:51.420 +that said + +0:12:51.420,0:12:54.740 +that said weak detection unit on it + +0:12:54.740,0:13:00.059 +but it was only a little tiny then so I didn't take that. +This was another guy + +0:13:00.059,0:13:01.620 +another grad student + +0:13:01.620,0:13:05.070 +we always thought he was kind of arrogant because + +0:13:05.070,0:13:07.549 +he said his goal was to be + +0:13:07.549,0:13:10.600 +the CEO of a major corporation which we thought was + +0:13:10.600,0:13:11.769 +not something we could + +0:13:11.769,0:13:14.260 +plan for. He is now CEO Google + +0:13:14.260,0:13:18.190 +after being CEO novell on + +0:13:18.190,0:13:19.100 +well I'm + +0:13:19.100,0:13:20.500 +chee had I only + +0:13:20.500,0:13:25.120 +gone to his school + +0:13:25.120,0:13:27.990 +so as a result of these and a lot of other + +0:13:27.990,0:13:32.310 +very creative people that were just a huge number +of people that ended up at Berkeley all at the + +0:13:32.310,0:13:33.119 +same time + +0:13:33.119,0:13:36.610 +you seemed to be really excited about this Unix stuff + +0:13:36.610,0:13:38.900 +they came up with + +0:13:38.900,0:13:40.000 + +0:13:40.000,0:13:42.310 +what's now known as Berkeley NX + +0:13:42.310,0:13:47.350 +so first Bill who did the Berkeley software distributions that were quite literally + +0:13:47.350,0:13:49.470 +just a mad tape + +0:13:49.470,0:13:50.129 +and + +0:13:50.129,0:13:54.030 +because of various licensing reasons the +best he could do + +0:13:54.030,0:13:56.830 +couldn't really even legally label the tape + +0:13:56.830,0:14:01.470 +he put a label out that said this is a tape of this + +0:14:01.470,0:14:03.070 +and turned it in + +0:14:03.070,0:14:08.800 +this is the first Beastie mascot +drawing. this is out of order. this dint + +0:14:08.800,0:14:10.660 +actually come until later + +0:14:10.660,0:14:11.660 +this was + +0:14:11.660,0:14:16.610 +done by a guy who worked with Sam Lefller +who was also one of the Berkeley guys + +0:14:16.610,0:14:18.730 +at Pixar + +0:14:18.730,0:14:20.630 +his name is John Lassiter + +0:14:20.630,0:14:24.320 +and as you know he now runs Disney corporation + +0:14:24.320,0:14:30.240 +so he owns the original art which is probably +worth a fortune then + +0:14:30.240,0:14:32.430 +so moving along + +0:14:32.430,0:14:34.340 +Merkle puzzles + +0:14:34.340,0:14:36.270 +now Merkle puzzles + +0:14:36.270,0:14:37.390 +probably most of you + +0:14:37.390,0:14:40.500 +have never even heard of + +0:14:40.500,0:14:42.050 +a guy named Ralph Merkle + +0:14:42.050,0:14:44.160 +graduate student at Berkeley + +0:14:44.160,0:14:46.070 +submitted a proposal + +0:14:46.070,0:14:49.600 +for a paper for CS two forty four + +0:14:49.600,0:14:51.910 +which was rejected + +0:14:51.910,0:14:53.190 +because it was + +0:14:53.190,0:14:55.110 +an obviously absurd idea + +0:14:55.110,0:15:00.020 +it was in fact the basis for public key encryption + +0:15:00.020,0:15:00.860 +and + +0:15:00.860,0:15:02.590 +without public key encryption + +0:15:02.590,0:15:08.590 +any kind of authentication and global encryption +was completely impractical because before + +0:15:08.590,0:15:10.710 +that all we had was symmetric keys + +0:15:10.710,0:15:13.540 +so if there were + +0:15:13.540,0:15:15.239 +n people on the + +0:15:15.239,0:15:17.140 +network + +0:15:17.140,0:15:20.780 +and you need to exchange with them you needed to squared + +0:15:20.780,0:15:22.930 +copies of keys all over the place and that + +0:15:22.930,0:15:25.460 +you just couldn't deal with that as n +got + +0:15:25.460,0:15:29.510 +you know to really large numbers like a +hundred + +0:15:29.510,0:15:32.919 +so the other thing was encryption was still + +0:15:32.919,0:15:35.690 +classified by the US government as a munition + +0:15:35.690,0:15:36.900 +which means it wasnt legal + +0:15:36.900,0:15:39.810 +to export it to other countries + +0:15:39.810,0:15:44.320 +and even back then there were starting to +be is substantial amount of international + +0:15:44.320,0:15:46.000 +involvement with + +0:15:46.000,0:15:49.220 +Unix and other such systems + +0:15:49.220,0:15:50.020 +so + +0:15:50.020,0:15:52.100 +in + +0:15:52.100,0:15:56.600 +April of seventy seven the RSA algorithm was finally +published. this of course is the + +0:15:56.600,0:15:58.670 +one that everyone knows about as the work + +0:15:58.670,0:15:59.640 +is directly + +0:15:59.640,0:16:04.440 +based on Merkle's work + +0:16:04.440,0:16:06.890 +so I think 1977 + +0:16:06.890,0:16:10.440 +as we see that the networks gotten quite +a bit larger + +0:16:10.440,0:16:12.280 + this was + +0:16:12.280,0:16:15.490 +pretty close to its peak I think + +0:16:15.490,0:16:16.839 + actually still its bigger + +0:16:16.839,0:16:21.030 +the pink loans and pink sounds + +0:16:21.030,0:16:21.980 +by the way + +0:16:21.980,0:16:24.179 +when i say different architectures + +0:16:24.179,0:16:26.030 +sixteen bit words + +0:16:26.030,0:16:30.190 +thirty six bit words sixty bit words + +0:16:30.190,0:16:31.149 + + +0:16:31.149,0:16:33.040 +what else do I have + +0:16:33.040,0:16:37.209 +up here? just all kinds of things are even some machines +that have + +0:16:37.209,0:16:39.970 +twenty bit words ten bit bytes + +0:16:39.970,0:16:42.690 +and somehow they've managed to make that work + +0:16:42.690,0:16:45.290 +theres a couple of interesting things on here they have + +0:16:45.290,0:16:48.679 +so satellite links to hawaii and to + +0:16:48.679,0:16:51.030 +norway + +0:16:51.030,0:16:54.589 +and so the the network had gone international + +0:16:54.589,0:16:55.450 +sort of + +0:16:55.450,0:16:57.010 +I say sort of because + +0:16:57.010,0:16:59.610 + it was going to a US + +0:16:59.610,0:17:02.160 + air force base I think in + +0:17:02.160,0:17:04.220 +norway so + +0:17:04.220,0:17:06.949 +was still considered a military thing at that +point + +0:17:06.949,0:17:08.070 +so + +0:17:08.070,0:17:14.450 +the non-US citizens werent supposed to have +access to it + +0:17:14.450,0:17:16.919 +UUCP got published + +0:17:16.919,0:17:19.589 +in nineteen seventy eight + +0:17:19.589,0:17:20.939 +it brought + +0:17:20.939,0:17:25.539 +network access of the sort to universities +that didn't have to darker contracts which were + +0:17:25.539,0:17:27.000 +I've hard to get + +0:17:27.000,0:17:30.990 +and by the way getting an Arpanet link was +very expensive so you pretty much + +0:17:30.990,0:17:37.190 +needed to have a darker sponsor which +is to be able to afford it + +0:17:37.190,0:17:43.340 +in may of nineteen seventy eight the +first ever spent was sent on the + +0:17:43.340,0:17:46.489 +Arpanet. at the time it was a deck salesman +and + +0:17:46.489,0:17:49.300 +I'll tell you more about what he did + +0:17:49.300,0:17:51.809 + shortly + +0:17:51.809,0:17:54.000 +late nineteen seventy nine + +0:17:54.000,0:17:56.090 +was the appearance of Usenet + +0:17:56.090,0:17:58.980 +which was based originally on UUCP although + +0:17:58.980,0:18:00.890 +could easily work over the Arpanet + +0:18:00.890,0:18:05.520 +this made it was the predecessor of +what we would now call forums and blogs and + +0:18:05.520,0:18:06.570 +things like that + +0:18:06.570,0:18:12.440 +but most importantly it made flame words possible + +0:18:12.440,0:18:14.240 +and then + +0:18:14.240,0:18:15.200 +finally + +0:18:15.200,0:18:21.140 +in September nineteen seventy nine UCB +got an Arpanet nose. they actually had the one before + +0:18:21.140,0:18:24.190 +but it had then shut down because the + +0:18:24.190,0:18:26.410 +the guy who ran it + +0:18:26.410,0:18:30.170 +was told that he had failed to demonstrate +that his + +0:18:30.170,0:18:34.380 + research was going to enable them to build +smarter bombs + +0:18:34.380,0:18:36.240 +literally i saw the letter + +0:18:36.240,0:18:38.049 +but by + +0:18:38.049,0:18:38.909 +this point + +0:18:38.909,0:18:41.600 +the group I was working on INGREs + +0:18:41.600,0:18:43.990 +got that link + +0:18:43.990,0:18:46.250 +we were database management + +0:18:46.250,0:18:50.500 +system and of course the government was very +interested in data bases + +0:18:50.500,0:18:54.500 +and in particular distributed databases + +0:18:54.500,0:18:56.760 +we din't have a very big + +0:18:56.760,0:19:00.360 +grap so we had a whopping ninety six hundred +baud + +0:19:00.360,0:19:05.960 +link to the Arpanet. this is for all of campus + +0:19:05.960,0:19:07.029 +actually it was for + +0:19:07.029,0:19:09.309 +CS division + +0:19:09.309,0:19:11.550 +which was not all of campus but + +0:19:11.550,0:19:13.659 +you know the folks some of the departments + +0:19:13.659,0:19:15.640 +didn't have a clue what a network was + +0:19:15.640,0:19:18.880 +but everyone in the CS division wanted + +0:19:18.880,0:19:20.000 + + +0:19:20.000,0:19:21.700 +access to the Arpanet + +0:19:21.700,0:19:26.750 +of course because it was the newest shiny bling thing +to have and everyone + +0:19:26.750,0:19:27.719 +had to get there + +0:19:27.719,0:19:29.880 +well we had a PDP-11 + +0:19:29.880,0:19:34.570 +that really could handle that many simultaneous +logins much less + +0:19:34.570,0:19:38.150 +the ports that were expensive at the time + +0:19:38.150,0:19:42.390 +to put this into perspective we had a PDP-11 seventy +that had a one point five micro + +0:19:42.390,0:19:46.660 +second cycle time so substantially less than one minute + +0:19:46.660,0:19:48.990 +the sixteen-bit word and we have + +0:19:48.990,0:19:52.669 +a lot of memory we had a 196K of memory + +0:19:52.669,0:19:54.780 +on the system + +0:19:54.780,0:19:55.910 +we would have to put + +0:19:55.910,0:19:58.990 +a DH-11 ports + +0:19:58.990,0:19:59.730 +another + +0:19:59.730,0:20:05.200 +this is a port multiplex where you get sixteen words +cost about forty seven hundred dollars so + +0:20:05.200,0:20:06.960 +about three hundred dollars + +0:20:06.960,0:20:10.410 +per port which doesn't sound like much +but remember + +0:20:10.410,0:20:14.340 +that's like a thousand dollars per port today + +0:20:14.340,0:20:15.590 +so + +0:20:15.590,0:20:16.840 +well I have to show off + +0:20:16.840,0:20:20.890 +some things this is a PDP 11 seventy.this +is what computers are supposed to look like + +0:20:20.890,0:20:22.880 + unlike what they are today + +0:20:22.880,0:20:25.610 +they had switches and lights and + +0:20:25.610,0:20:32.610 +all kinds of cool things and dials. Ah it was great so + +0:20:33.300,0:20:34.670 +we had + +0:20:34.670,0:20:37.120 + we were what we're able to do was + +0:20:37.120,0:20:41.040 +release two TT white ports three hundred +baud TT white ports + +0:20:41.040,0:20:44.790 +to be shared among everyone in the computer +science division + +0:20:44.790,0:20:47.140 +at Berkeley + +0:20:47.140,0:20:49.950 + probably about + +0:20:49.950,0:20:51.920 +fifty people well + +0:20:51.920,0:20:54.149 + forty professors. there were + +0:20:54.149,0:20:57.280 +other students but we just said no you know + +0:20:57.280,0:20:58.250 +still + +0:20:58.250,0:21:00.640 +can't handle it can't possibly do that + +0:21:00.640,0:21:03.440 + but professors could have their + +0:21:03.440,0:21:05.400 +computer + +0:21:05.400,0:21:08.010 +terminal sorry in their office + +0:21:08.010,0:21:11.470 +and they had a line that ran into the-mail room +and there was a plug board + +0:21:11.470,0:21:12.140 +he could + +0:21:12.140,0:21:16.170 +put in the patch code between your office +and whatever computer you want to have access + +0:21:16.170,0:21:18.370 +to and there were two those + +0:21:18.370,0:21:22.040 +for the Arpanet machine which was the +machine I was + +0:21:22.040,0:21:23.040 +working on then + +0:21:23.040,0:21:26.770 +and of course people would come along +they want access to the Arpanet. they just + +0:21:26.770,0:21:27.289 +unplug + +0:21:27.289,0:21:31.020 +one of the cables that was in there and plug in theirs + +0:21:31.020,0:21:35.010 +there were professors having screaming matches +at each other in the hallways and it + +0:21:35.010,0:21:37.960 +probably came to fisticuffs at some point + +0:21:37.960,0:21:42.340 +and of course they all came to me and wanted +me to fix the problem + +0:21:42.340,0:21:47.029 +I wasn't it and I don't know how they thought +I was going to fix the problem + +0:21:47.029,0:21:51.960 +which I was an undergraduate then I don't know how they +thought I was gonna fix the problem. What I did however was +observe what they really wanted was not access to the + +0:21:51.960,0:21:53.490 +Arpanet like FTP and + +0:21:53.490,0:21:54.880 +Telnet + +0:21:54.880,0:21:55.920 +what they want + +0:21:55.920,0:21:58.970 +was e-mail.Email was the killer rap + +0:21:58.970,0:22:00.750 +even back then + +0:22:00.750,0:22:05.270 +we had something called Berknet that linked our +internal machines + +0:22:05.270,0:22:09.300 +using RS two thirty two lines of ninety +six hundred baud this is written by + +0:22:09.300,0:22:13.860 +a guy named Eric Schmidt yes the very same Eric Schmidt +who is now CEO of google and he's a better + +0:22:13.860,0:22:17.500 +CEO than he is a coder + +0:22:17.500,0:22:20.640 +but it worked + +0:22:20.640,0:22:25.440 +as it turns out we also had a UUCP connection +which ran from the main department machine + +0:22:25.440,0:22:25.690 +which + +0:22:25.690,0:22:30.680 +was a VAX OM 780 call Ernie CoVAX + +0:22:30.680,0:22:32.860 +and so I wrote something called deliver mail + +0:22:32.860,0:22:34.380 +deliver mail was just + +0:22:34.380,0:22:37.000 +a quick hack to forward + +0:22:37.000,0:22:41.610 +messages between networks it dint have time to +anything like fixing headers or + +0:22:41.610,0:22:42.900 +anything like that + +0:22:42.900,0:22:45.740 +so it was a disaster in some sense waiting to happen + +0:22:45.740,0:22:51.290 +well it got the professors off of my back +so as far as I was concerned it was a success + +0:22:51.290,0:22:53.359 +It got released in four + +0:22:53.359,0:22:54.520 +point zero what + +0:22:54.520,0:22:58.140 +is now four zero BSD which is four BSD at the time + +0:22:58.140,0:23:03.230 +in 1980 and much to my shock it turned out to be +very popular Berkeley + +0:23:03.230,0:23:06.190 +was not unique lots and lots of places + +0:23:06.190,0:23:11.150 +have this problem + +0:23:11.150,0:23:15.700 +and so there is deliver mail on the chart +now you can see this is + +0:23:15.700,0:23:16.870 +pretty much + +0:23:16.870,0:23:20.880 +toward the end of the the Arpanet era + +0:23:20.880,0:23:22.520 +the Arpanet + +0:23:22.520,0:23:23.680 +geographically now looks + +0:23:23.680,0:23:24.620 +like this + +0:23:24.620,0:23:28.240 +the circles by the way were exploded in the other + +0:23:28.240,0:23:31.110 +material that I had but I dint want to + +0:23:31.110,0:23:32.500 +give you all of that but + +0:23:32.500,0:23:35.190 +there is several satellite link now + +0:23:35.190,0:23:36.269 + + +0:23:36.269,0:23:40.279 +there's a direct satellite link to London thats +still at Hawaii link + +0:23:40.279,0:23:41.300 +and so forth + +0:23:41.300,0:23:43.429 +if you look carefully you will see the + +0:23:43.429,0:23:45.120 +main + +0:23:45.120,0:23:46.840 +university + +0:23:46.840,0:23:53.840 +military and military contractors sites + +0:23:58.450,0:24:03.810 +thats all of them. Sizemo I don't +know if sizemo had an Arpanet link I don't think + +0:24:03.810,0:24:07.990 +they did although they could have + +0:24:07.990,0:24:10.880 +it would have been in here somewhere so + +0:24:10.880,0:24:13.899 + +0:24:13.899,0:24:16.410 +I think that came later + +0:24:16.410,0:24:17.760 +let's put it this way + +0:24:17.760,0:24:22.800 +we Berkeley ended up being the gateway between +the UUCP and the Arpanet + +0:24:22.800,0:24:27.080 +cos it didn't take people long to figure out +a route-mail + +0:24:27.080,0:24:30.770 +you're there you had to do it manually but +it could be done + +0:24:30.770,0:24:34.300 +I will have a comment about that later + +0:24:34.300,0:24:36.640 +so let's continue on to the next phase + +0:24:36.640,0:24:40.090 +by nineteen eighty one through nineteen eighty eight + +0:24:40.090,0:24:43.790 +this goes from two hundred thirteen hosts +that were on + +0:24:43.790,0:24:48.320 +the Arpanet to thirty three thousand +hosts in seven years + +0:24:48.320,0:24:53.460 +so we'll start with our usual graph + +0:24:53.460,0:24:58.180 +this was when I started first putting SMTP on a sendmail + +0:24:58.180,0:25:02.590 +worked on sendmail before because things +like header writing + +0:25:02.590,0:25:06.810 +was becoming a real problem. you couldn't reply to addresses. +everyone you had to be + +0:25:06.810,0:25:09.000 +to be a guru in order to + +0:25:09.000,0:25:14.330 +figure out how to address things there +was even an entire book + +0:25:14.330,0:25:15.590 +put up + +0:25:15.590,0:25:16.910 +that described + +0:25:16.910,0:25:19.570 +how to do addressing + +0:25:19.570,0:25:21.070 +but + +0:25:21.070,0:25:22.769 +Berkeley got a contract + +0:25:22.769,0:25:25.140 +to do the + +0:25:25.140,0:25:26.390 +base + +0:25:26.390,0:25:31.090 +platform operating system platform to support darker +research they had all of these + +0:25:31.090,0:25:33.720 +diverse machines + +0:25:33.720,0:25:37.700 +but they discovered that that made it really +hard for research projects to share work with + +0:25:37.700,0:25:41.920 +each other so they decided that there would +be a standard platform it would be the VAX + +0:25:41.920,0:25:43.259 +eleven seven eighty + +0:25:43.259,0:25:45.260 +running Berkeley Unix + +0:25:45.260,0:25:48.039 +and one of things they needed was an SMTP server + +0:25:48.039,0:25:50.780 +is by the way I havent said anything about + +0:25:50.780,0:25:56.350 +SMTP being published it wasn't published +and I was working on up very early drafts + +0:25:56.350,0:26:02.100 + and what happened was Bill Joy asked me +random data base not sendmail + +0:26:02.100,0:26:03.990 +Bill Joy came up to me and said + +0:26:03.990,0:26:06.470 +you know would you do this + +0:26:06.470,0:26:07.630 +and + +0:26:07.630,0:26:14.300 +in a moment of weakness said sure how hard +can it be + +0:26:14.300,0:26:17.840 +twenty five years later I'm telling you who +it is + +0:26:17.840,0:26:20.570 +harder than it looks + +0:26:20.570,0:26:21.900 +and + +0:26:21.900,0:26:23.340 +few months later + +0:26:23.340,0:26:28.149 +4.1a which was tecnically test +release + +0:26:28.149,0:26:30.290 +came out with sendmail + +0:26:30.290,0:26:31.849 +SMTP which also have + +0:26:31.849,0:26:33.770 +the first networks that + +0:26:33.770,0:26:35.160 +so + +0:26:35.160,0:26:37.130 +this is + +0:26:37.130,0:26:39.570 +Berkeley Unix on the internet + +0:26:39.570,0:26:42.230 +except the internet doesn't exist yet + +0:26:42.230,0:26:47.620 +sort of exists. there is this test platform but the +world still using arpanet + +0:26:47.620,0:26:53.120 +finally about a year after I started implementing +SMTP the specs were + +0:26:53.120,0:26:53.940 +published + +0:26:53.940,0:26:55.650 +after + +0:26:55.650,0:26:57.220 +it's been shipped + +0:26:57.220,0:27:01.940 +its an internet tradition +by the way + +0:27:01.940,0:27:04.290 +January first nineteen eighty three + +0:27:04.290,0:27:08.530 +was the flag day it was just called the flag day + +0:27:08.530,0:27:10.470 +that was the day that + +0:27:10.470,0:27:12.800 +the government said we're going to turn off + +0:27:12.800,0:27:14.580 +the arpanet + +0:27:14.580,0:27:17.200 +and they literally just said + +0:27:17.200,0:27:19.620 +we're going to send out a message into all the IMPs + +0:27:19.620,0:27:21.940 +to stop forwarding packets + +0:27:21.940,0:27:24.809 +and if you're not on the internet by then + +0:27:24.809,0:27:27.480 +you're going to lose your network connectivity + +0:27:27.480,0:27:31.470 +and there were a whole bunch of people who +said yeah yeah they're bluffing and guess what + +0:27:31.470,0:27:34.180 +they lost their network connectivity + +0:27:34.180,0:27:36.460 +but Berkeley was there we didn't + +0:27:36.460,0:27:37.269 +so + +0:27:37.269,0:27:39.520 +that was cool + +0:27:39.520,0:27:44.659 +in September of eighty three the same year +a four-point two BSD shipped + +0:27:44.659,0:27:47.190 +this was kind of the basis for + +0:27:47.190,0:27:50.030 +at least from the user interface + +0:27:50.030,0:27:53.390 +was the basis for + +0:27:53.390,0:27:55.420 +Unix as we know it today + +0:27:55.420,0:27:57.910 +so it had all the network and + +0:27:57.910,0:27:59.190 +stuff and + +0:27:59.190,0:28:00.370 +at that point + +0:28:00.370,0:28:04.910 +we were able to track down John Lasetter and +have him do an update + +0:28:04.910,0:28:08.830 +and does it seem much more important at the +time so + +0:28:08.830,0:28:11.910 +heres Beastie in color with the attractive green + +0:28:11.910,0:28:17.890 +tennis shoes and so forth + +0:28:17.890,0:28:20.890 +once again for historic context I have to + +0:28:20.890,0:28:22.400 +run in some things + +0:28:22.400,0:28:26.670 +in eighty five there was a company actually +did some more research it was originally called + +0:28:26.670,0:28:31.300 +control video corporation changed his name +to quantum computer services + +0:28:31.300,0:28:36.980 +an year later that changed its name to +America online + +0:28:36.980,0:28:40.210 +they had the walled garden they had an e-mail + +0:28:40.210,0:28:44.470 +only among other AOL subscribers they +weren't connected to the internet + +0:28:44.470,0:28:45.720 +in any + +0:28:45.720,0:28:49.030 +any sense + +0:28:49.030,0:28:50.810 +this is really important + +0:28:50.810,0:28:55.720 +may nineteen eighty seven a guy named Rick +Adams who worked in sizemo + +0:28:55.720,0:28:59.440 +went off and started the first commercialized PE + +0:28:59.440,0:29:05.500 +there was apparently another one that started +on exactly the same day so the two people + +0:29:05.500,0:29:07.830 +get to fight each other over who was first + +0:29:07.830,0:29:11.500 +the difference is that UUNET turned into one of +the largest peices + +0:29:11.500,0:29:15.100 +in the world and the other one didn't + +0:29:15.100,0:29:16.549 +so + +0:29:16.549,0:29:18.669 +this was the first time that you could + +0:29:18.669,0:29:21.470 +get access to the internet without being + +0:29:21.470,0:29:24.490 +a government + +0:29:24.490,0:29:25.610 +government-sponsored + +0:29:25.610,0:29:29.860 +so that's a big deal + +0:29:29.860,0:29:34.460 +so of next chunk of history we'll take from +eighty eight to ninety three at this point + +0:29:34.460,0:29:35.940 +I'm going in about + +0:29:35.940,0:29:37.340 +ten x + +0:29:37.340,0:29:40.320 +both on the internet just in progress graphs + +0:29:40.320,0:29:42.130 +pretty clear + +0:29:42.130,0:29:43.570 +so + +0:29:43.570,0:29:48.549 +this was kind of the first security incidents +on the internet the internet worm + +0:29:48.549,0:29:52.140 +It was written by Grampston in a Harvard and who + +0:29:52.140,0:29:56.620 +probably should have flunked out because he +didn't understand commentary growth + +0:29:56.620,0:29:59.670 +and he really thought that this thing would run + +0:29:59.670,0:30:03.390 +quietly on the internet and first of +all there was a bug in his + +0:30:03.390,0:30:04.380 +program + +0:30:04.380,0:30:07.410 +so it didn't kill itself off as it was supposed +to and + +0:30:07.410,0:30:11.900 +he didn't understand that if each machine infects 4 machines + +0:30:11.900,0:30:13.580 +thats a really large + +0:30:13.580,0:30:15.200 +power not + +0:30:15.200,0:30:17.680 +not a small one + +0:30:17.680,0:30:23.470 +but it did make people start to think for +the first time about + +0:30:23.470,0:30:30.000 +security on the internet up until the internet had +been kind of + +0:30:30.000,0:30:31.739 +a very collegiate + +0:30:31.739,0:30:32.420 +atmosphere + +0:30:32.420,0:30:37.360 +you had to be to be on the internet you had to +be a researcher to get on it + +0:30:37.360,0:30:41.409 +if you wanted an account on somebody else's +machine to be good all you do is they can + +0:30:41.409,0:30:45.070 +I had an account and go sure give you an +account + +0:30:45.070,0:30:48.529 +so security dint seem all that important but + +0:30:48.529,0:30:49.669 +this made it clear that + +0:30:49.669,0:30:53.890 +it was + +0:30:53.890,0:30:59.690 +March nineteen eighty nine in fact exactly +twenty years ago this past Friday two days + +0:30:59.690,0:31:01.070 +ago + +0:31:01.070,0:31:03.510 +Tim Berners-Lee proposed what + +0:31:03.510,0:31:06.030 +we now know as the world wide web + +0:31:06.030,0:31:10.740 +he did a prototype browser that was published +in October + +0:31:10.740,0:31:12.799 +of nineteen ninety + +0:31:12.799,0:31:17.649 +and but that one kind of disappeared it +was more concerned + +0:31:17.649,0:31:18.779 +research + +0:31:18.779,0:31:21.440 +organization in switzerland + +0:31:21.440,0:31:23.330 +so there's Tim + +0:31:23.330,0:31:27.299 +I think that was not + +0:31:27.299,0:31:33.820 +contemporary. I think he had more hair when he +proposed it + +0:31:33.820,0:31:36.720 +okay + +0:31:36.720,0:31:39.320 +we had the internet + +0:31:39.320,0:31:41.100 +and that allowed + +0:31:41.100,0:31:41.840 +non + +0:31:41.840,0:31:44.630 +government people to get access to the net + +0:31:44.630,0:31:49.780 +but the backbone of the internet was still run +by the national science foundation getting transferred + +0:31:49.780,0:31:50.480 +from + +0:31:50.480,0:31:52.310 + the military + +0:31:52.310,0:31:54.460 +over to + +0:31:54.460,0:31:58.200 +non military government funding but it +was still + +0:31:58.200,0:31:59.530 +funded + +0:31:59.530,0:32:06.530 +and their rules that an acceptable use policy +that said no commercial traffic + +0:32:07.160,0:32:09.370 +so UUNET customers could + +0:32:09.370,0:32:13.660 +run commercial traffic to each other but they +could write to other people. there wasnt any chance + +0:32:13.660,0:32:17.800 +that would run over these wires + +0:32:17.800,0:32:18.670 +that effectively said + +0:32:18.670,0:32:23.830 +you can't use the the internet for commercial +purposes at all + +0:32:23.830,0:32:24.649 +CIX + +0:32:24.649,0:32:30.430 +which then stood for commercial internet +exchange was where the various + +0:32:30.430,0:32:34.690 +largish ISP were started to be regional. +there was one on the west coast and one + +0:32:34.690,0:32:37.760 +on the east coast and one of the southeast +and + +0:32:37.760,0:32:38.890 +so forth said + +0:32:38.890,0:32:42.300 +we're all going to run wires together into one room + +0:32:42.300,0:32:46.070 +we're going to put a big router there and we're +going to be able to exchange traffic with us + +0:32:46.070,0:32:48.960 +without ever going over an SF net + +0:32:48.960,0:32:52.769 +because we're not allowed commercial traffic +and they essentially said cut the government + +0:32:52.769,0:32:57.539 +out of the equation which was great as that's what +the government wanted anyway + +0:32:57.539,0:32:58.250 +so + +0:32:58.250,0:33:03.450 + nineteen ninety one July was the first +time he could really use the internet for + +0:33:03.450,0:33:07.340 +anything commercial + +0:33:07.340,0:33:13.529 +nineteen ninety two a multi-purpose internet +mail extensions was published a USENET + +0:33:13.529,0:33:14.300 +conference + +0:33:14.300,0:33:16.470 + + +0:33:16.470,0:33:21.110 +and this allowed embedding something other +than plain text + +0:33:21.110,0:33:21.850 +into + +0:33:21.850,0:33:25.310 +e-mail messages notably at the time it was +used for + +0:33:25.310,0:33:27.700 + pictures or graphs and + +0:33:27.700,0:33:30.130 +things like that there was discussion about +maybe + +0:33:30.130,0:33:31.690 +maybe some day we could + +0:33:31.690,0:33:36.960 +do sound and possibly way way way in the distant future +we may be able to think about video but + +0:33:36.960,0:33:41.450 +it was really just pictures + +0:33:41.450,0:33:46.300 +okay nineteen ninety three through ninety six is +taking us from one point three million to + +0:33:46.300,0:33:49.639 +to almost thirteen million + +0:33:49.639,0:33:51.420 + +0:33:51.420,0:33:55.549 +February of ninety three NCSA mosaic was released this is the national center + +0:33:55.549,0:33:59.350 +for super computer applications at the university +of Illinois + +0:33:59.350,0:34:00.620 +champane urbana + +0:34:00.620,0:34:02.800 +it's the first broadly used + +0:34:02.800,0:34:05.429 +browser and in fact + +0:34:05.429,0:34:07.360 +was the direct descendant + +0:34:07.360,0:34:08.960 +sorry the + +0:34:08.960,0:34:10.440 +direct parent of + +0:34:10.440,0:34:12.099 +netscape + +0:34:12.099,0:34:19.099 +and mozilla and so forth all kind +of goes back to NCSA mosaic + +0:34:19.739,0:34:21.450 +now sendmail had been + +0:34:21.450,0:34:26.149 +I had abandoned sendmail for a number +of years because I've gone to work for start-up + +0:34:26.149,0:34:26.659 +and + +0:34:26.659,0:34:30.719 +they seem to want action work on what I was +being paid for + +0:34:30.719,0:34:32.369 +and + +0:34:32.369,0:34:34.109 +Sendmail had diverged + +0:34:34.109,0:34:38.489 +and so there were many versions of it. some of them +had some good ideas some of them some not + +0:34:38.489,0:34:39.519 +so good + +0:34:39.519,0:34:40.869 +ideas + +0:34:40.869,0:34:43.219 +every vendor + +0:34:43.219,0:34:47.449 +like Deck and HP and IBM and so forthhad their own + +0:34:47.449,0:34:49.449 +proprietary version of sendmail + +0:34:49.449,0:34:53.509 +and you couldnt really share things between them and +I came along and I came + +0:34:53.509,0:34:55.809 +back to the university + +0:34:55.809,0:34:59.249 +first a lot of these things and that a lot +of other things all of these things is the + +0:34:59.249,0:35:00.599 +sendmail eight which is + +0:35:00.599,0:35:01.980 +the sendmail which + +0:35:01.980,0:35:05.319 +pretty much still exists to this day + +0:35:05.319,0:35:06.719 + + +0:35:06.719,0:35:07.699 +that was + +0:35:07.699,0:35:10.289 +way more successful than I had + +0:35:10.289,0:35:10.989 +anticipated + +0:35:10.989,0:35:12.439 +and + +0:35:12.439,0:35:14.450 + that turned into a problem + +0:35:14.450,0:35:16.249 +later as we'll see + +0:35:16.249,0:35:17.539 +Netscape was founded + +0:35:17.539,0:35:19.209 +in nineteen ninety four + +0:35:19.209,0:35:24.680 + Mark Reasen was one of the principles +in that and he essentially left + +0:35:24.680,0:35:31.539 +NCSA took the source code with him and co +founded the company + +0:35:31.539,0:35:38.539 +the green code spam anyone remember the greencode spam? + +0:35:38.630,0:35:39.700 +now I mentioned + +0:35:39.700,0:35:41.829 +there was the first spam + +0:35:41.829,0:35:43.429 +earlier + +0:35:43.429,0:35:46.859 +but it wasnt really a spam + +0:35:46.859,0:35:50.299 +as i said the network previously largely cooperative + +0:35:50.299,0:35:53.039 +you know had flame wars but they were + +0:35:53.039,0:35:54.259 +mostly innocent + +0:35:54.259,0:35:55.779 +could be dealt with + +0:35:55.779,0:36:00.379 +turns out that spam was not new. the first electronically + +0:36:00.379,0:36:01.210 +transmitted + +0:36:01.210,0:36:03.239 +commercial + +0:36:03.239,0:36:04.049 +message + +0:36:04.049,0:36:07.959 +was in September thirteenth nineteen oh four + +0:36:07.959,0:36:10.309 +using the telegraph + +0:36:10.309,0:36:15.699 +so advertisers had figured out this new +technology was going to be someplace they + +0:36:15.699,0:36:18.569 +could thrive + +0:36:18.569,0:36:19.789 +the first + +0:36:19.789,0:36:22.869 +e-mail spam was this DEC salesman + +0:36:22.869,0:36:25.700 +who DEC had released a new + +0:36:25.700,0:36:27.979 +part of the computer and decided that + +0:36:27.979,0:36:31.109 +he really want all of its customers to know +about this + +0:36:31.109,0:36:31.929 +so he sent + +0:36:31.929,0:36:33.619 +an e-mail message + +0:36:33.619,0:36:36.059 +with copying every single customer + +0:36:36.059,0:36:37.230 +did he had + +0:36:37.230,0:36:41.259 +well it turns out the-mail programs of the +time they thought about having + +0:36:41.259,0:36:45.309 +you know three or four may be ten recipients +on a message + +0:36:45.309,0:36:47.409 +not a thousand + +0:36:47.409,0:36:50.170 +and so it broke the-mail system broke + +0:36:50.170,0:36:51.859 +all kinds of things + +0:36:51.859,0:36:53.769 +but I don't really cannot this is the first + +0:36:53.769,0:36:57.109 +spam because he said gee I didn't know + +0:36:57.109,0:36:58.749 +he apologized + +0:36:58.749,0:37:02.630 +well he wasn't trying to do anything malicious. +he genuinely thought that + +0:37:02.630,0:37:05.939 +his customers would want to know about this +new machine + +0:37:05.939,0:37:09.359 +there is also a nineteen eighty eight a chain letter + +0:37:09.359,0:37:11.589 +called make money fast it was + +0:37:11.589,0:37:13.619 +a pyramid scheme + +0:37:13.619,0:37:14.760 +But it wasnt + +0:37:14.760,0:37:17.219 +really technically a spam either + +0:37:17.219,0:37:21.109 +but we're definitely seeing the greed +is good attitude coming to + +0:37:21.109,0:37:22.900 +the internet much to do + +0:37:22.900,0:37:24.829 +disgust of a lot of us + +0:37:24.829,0:37:29.219 +and they call a nation was two lawyers and +from Texas Canter and siegel + +0:37:29.219,0:37:31.070 +who + +0:37:31.070,0:37:34.369 +advertise in technically Usenet not + +0:37:34.369,0:37:35.389 +not e-mail + +0:37:35.389,0:37:37.309 +they sent every single + +0:37:37.309,0:37:38.319 +news group + +0:37:38.319,0:37:40.469 +the same posting + +0:37:40.469,0:37:46.009 +offering to sign people up for a price for +the green card lottery which was so people + +0:37:46.009,0:37:48.109 +non-residents could work in the US + +0:37:48.109,0:37:52.249 +they didn't tell you that you could sign yourself +up for free + +0:37:52.249,0:37:57.890 +but if you gave them money they'd be happy to +do for you what you could do for free + +0:37:57.890,0:38:02.590 +and they were completely unapologetic about +this they said wait a minute here we have + +0:38:02.590,0:38:03.279 +the right + +0:38:03.279,0:38:04.240 +to do this + +0:38:04.240,0:38:06.339 +they even published a book + +0:38:06.339,0:38:08.959 +on how to spam + +0:38:08.959,0:38:11.689 +and they made a ton of money off of that book too + +0:38:11.689,0:38:15.979 + I believe that brought them this far by +the way and have + +0:38:15.979,0:38:19.639 +gone into + +0:38:19.639,0:38:21.419 +you know + +0:38:21.419,0:38:24.259 +very long + +0:38:24.259,0:38:27.209 + + +0:38:27.209,0:38:31.559 +April nineteen ninety four Webcaller was the +first full text + +0:38:31.559,0:38:33.069 +webcaller + +0:38:33.069,0:38:38.929 +and was the beginning of search engines as +we know them today + +0:38:38.929,0:38:40.579 +the first + +0:38:40.579,0:38:44.929 +well this is pseudo liar as good a time as +virus was an e-mail message that went around + +0:38:44.929,0:38:46.109 +saying + +0:38:46.109,0:38:47.409 +it's + +0:38:47.409,0:38:50.300 +the subject was good times it said + +0:38:50.300,0:38:52.759 +there's a virus running around the network + +0:38:52.759,0:38:56.439 +if you even open that message + +0:38:56.439,0:39:02.119 +it will trash your machine you know the message because +it has the subject good times + +0:39:02.119,0:39:05.589 +forward this to everyone you know + +0:39:05.589,0:39:08.080 +the warning was itself + +0:39:08.080,0:39:09.150 +the virus + +0:39:09.150,0:39:12.329 +and it was tremendously effective I had to +spend + +0:39:12.329,0:39:15.299 +about two days calming down people about this + +0:39:15.299,0:39:16.629 +just saying no + +0:39:16.629,0:39:21.259 +don't forward it + +0:39:21.259,0:39:23.359 +the + +0:39:23.359,0:39:25.089 +as I have said so + +0:39:25.089,0:39:27.359 +earlier sendmail eight was very very + +0:39:27.359,0:39:28.550 +successful + +0:39:28.550,0:39:32.799 +so successful that I really couldn't support +it myself anymore + +0:39:32.799,0:39:34.679 +just because untenable so + +0:39:34.679,0:39:41.639 +I formed a sendmail consortium was which was +a group of volunteers that helped do this in '95 + +0:39:41.639,0:39:47.029 +and later ninety five SMIME was published +this was the first attempt to do + +0:39:47.029,0:39:49.879 +but it actually wasn't the first it was the + +0:39:49.879,0:39:52.869 +best known to this day attempt to do + +0:39:52.869,0:39:54.729 +encryption and authentication in email + +0:39:54.729,0:39:57.450 + that + +0:39:57.450,0:39:59.249 +back book was published + +0:39:59.249,0:40:02.420 +I don't remember + +0:40:02.420,0:40:07.499 +exactly when but it was in ninety four + +0:40:07.499,0:40:11.549 +right in this time frame + +0:40:11.549,0:40:17.160 +this is ninety six to two thousand +from about thirty million two hundred nine + +0:40:17.160,0:40:19.779 +million hosts + +0:40:19.779,0:40:24.979 +Hotmail was founded. I thought this was insane +at the time which is why I dont + +0:40:24.979,0:40:27.209 +you know I'm not filthy rich right now + +0:40:27.209,0:40:28.519 +hotmail + +0:40:28.519,0:40:33.950 +it had access to the internet so I said well +of course you've already got a mailbox they + +0:40:33.950,0:40:36.089 +gave you free-mail boxes + +0:40:36.089,0:40:37.269 +and it took off + +0:40:37.269,0:40:41.159 +like mad it was crazy + +0:40:41.159,0:40:42.569 +in + +0:40:42.569,0:40:44.329 +ninety seven + +0:40:44.329,0:40:48.369 +microsoft said hey wait a minute maybe this +internet thing isn't going to go away after + +0:40:48.369,0:40:49.079 +all + +0:40:49.079,0:40:50.809 +and we should get in on it + +0:40:50.809,0:40:53.609 +and so they put a very bad + +0:40:53.609,0:40:55.799 +SMTP gateway into exchange + +0:40:55.799,0:40:59.260 +they slapped the network onto their existing + +0:40:59.260,0:41:01.049 +worker tools which + +0:41:01.049,0:41:04.070 +were not designed for a hostile environment +at all + +0:41:04.070,0:41:07.689 +they did no consideration whatsoever of securing + +0:41:07.689,0:41:12.349 +and just dropped a huge number of people on +the internet + +0:41:12.349,0:41:14.779 +essentially naked and unprotected + +0:41:14.779,0:41:16.010 +and we're still + +0:41:16.010,0:41:18.160 +dealing with this to this day + +0:41:18.160,0:41:19.780 + the only thing that was + +0:41:19.780,0:41:24.079 +impressive about this was microsoft +in a very short period of time was able to + +0:41:24.079,0:41:26.209 +completely redefine the company + +0:41:26.209,0:41:28.410 +as an internet company and + +0:41:28.410,0:41:32.059 +much faster than anyone had thought possible + +0:41:32.059,0:41:33.799 +Yahoo was founded in + +0:41:33.799,0:41:36.409 +October ninety seven + +0:41:36.409,0:41:37.869 +we all know about that + +0:41:37.869,0:41:40.549 +a microsoft acquired hot mail + +0:41:40.549,0:41:45.289 +they were able to do it as fast as they wanted +the rumor + +0:41:45.289,0:41:48.609 +unconfirmed is that they paid four hundred +million dollars + +0:41:48.609,0:41:55.609 +for this company that was barely over a year +old and had something like ten employees + +0:41:59.089,0:42:00.689 +quite a coop + +0:42:00.689,0:42:05.299 +in March of ninety eight I and a friend of mine +co-founded sendmail Inc. + +0:42:05.299,0:42:06.420 +sendmail + +0:42:06.420,0:42:08.759 +even with the help of the consortium + +0:42:08.759,0:42:13.179 +was still stuck with research problems and +so we said we can commercialize this + +0:42:13.179,0:42:15.649 +here's a very well read picture of the + +0:42:15.649,0:42:17.160 + initial + +0:42:17.160,0:42:24.160 + people in the company and two of us +are still there + +0:42:24.630,0:42:30.329 +now into the virus era March of ninety +nine Melissa there was an outlook + +0:42:30.329,0:42:31.809 + macrovirus + +0:42:31.809,0:42:34.740 +was a hypersoft +was really kind of + +0:42:34.740,0:42:38.929 +a worm as much as it was a virus + +0:42:38.929,0:42:44.699 +in January two thousand the +government finally relaxed the encryption policy + +0:42:44.699,0:42:45.630 +finally admitted it + +0:42:45.630,0:42:49.710 +that everyone outside the US had encryption +anyway + +0:42:49.710,0:42:53.439 +and so we might as well be able to play in +the game + +0:42:53.439,0:42:54.859 +with the rest of the world + +0:42:54.859,0:42:57.079 +we immediately put + +0:42:57.079,0:43:02.449 +encryption TLS encryption into sendmail +all in fact we've already had it implemented + +0:43:02.449,0:43:04.239 +but we couldn't release it + +0:43:04.239,0:43:05.420 +and so + +0:43:05.420,0:43:07.419 +this came out we + +0:43:07.419,0:43:13.909 +pushed out the version that already had +TLS + +0:43:13.909,0:43:19.489 +what we wanted to do was had the government +changed its mind we had to be too late + +0:43:19.489,0:43:24.150 +so we dot to that really fast but they didn't change their +minds but the they may have changed + +0:43:24.150,0:43:27.329 +not change their mind because they've realized +it was + +0:43:27.329,0:43:31.069 +two weeks later it's too late + +0:43:31.069,0:43:33.920 +in March of two thousand we + +0:43:33.920,0:43:35.570 +released an interface called milter + +0:43:35.570,0:43:36.919 +this is + +0:43:36.919,0:43:39.110 +a way to do + +0:43:39.110,0:43:42.429 +plugins into sendmail that allow you to do email filtering + +0:43:42.429,0:43:45.279 +was specifically designed for anti-spam + +0:43:45.279,0:43:52.199 +the MTA market changed a lot back then or +essentially not the market + +0:43:52.199,0:43:55.819 +the world had been about reliability and + +0:43:55.819,0:43:56.450 +getting + +0:43:56.450,0:43:59.279 +mail from A to B without losing it + +0:43:59.279,0:44:04.399 +and around here was when spam was getting +so bad people said no we need to do is not + +0:44:04.399,0:44:05.209 +forward + +0:44:05.209,0:44:06.119 +anything that + +0:44:06.119,0:44:07.779 +might be + +0:44:07.779,0:44:10.319 +problematic + +0:44:10.319,0:44:11.469 +and + +0:44:11.469,0:44:12.339 +April + +0:44:12.339,0:44:18.019 +two thousand the i love you virus this is a +visual basic virus he had to + +0:44:18.019,0:44:22.659 +click on it but it's turns out that people +couldn't resist clicking on + +0:44:22.659,0:44:27.209 +a text thats called I love you + +0:44:27.209,0:44:31.069 +they were sad what can I say + +0:44:31.069,0:44:33.260 +two thousand one to the Present + +0:44:33.260,0:44:35.699 +well we've gone from that + +0:44:35.699,0:44:38.229 +hundred ten thousand roughly up to + +0:44:38.229,0:44:40.299 +about four hundred forty million + +0:44:40.299,0:44:45.709 +well as of the last survey I could find + +0:44:45.709,0:44:49.239 + + +0:44:49.239,0:44:55.019 +well let's see let's start off with an unequivocal +the virus it was kind of one of the symbols + +0:44:55.019,0:44:57.760 +up postfix which was a competitor to + +0:44:57.760,0:45:00.359 +sendmail was released + +0:45:00.359,0:45:03.819 +postfix was actually really good + +0:45:03.819,0:45:09.249 +alternative and Lisa and I when he was writing +postfix we would exchange a lot of email + +0:45:09.249,0:45:12.979 +talking but I talked with him at one point +before it was released + +0:45:12.979,0:45:17.829 + and taken surely say much longer than +he expected + +0:45:17.829,0:45:20.929 +I said i asked him how the-mail was going and +he said + +0:45:20.929,0:45:24.590 +well its taken longer than I thought that's +that's harder than it looks isn't it + +0:45:24.590,0:45:28.869 +the it's been an exercise in humility + +0:45:28.869,0:45:32.219 +so you think that I hate him because he's + +0:45:32.219,0:45:33.589 +competitor of send mail but + +0:45:33.589,0:45:36.349 +no hes one of the good guys + +0:45:36.349,0:45:41.899 +the SPR project which was one of the first +attempt to do e-mail authentification + +0:45:41.899,0:45:44.819 +in one sense or another start up + +0:45:44.819,0:45:45.560 +in + +0:45:45.560,0:45:48.159 +oh three + +0:45:48.159,0:45:53.130 +also you know oh three was the Sobig.F virus. +It was the largest + +0:45:53.130,0:45:53.930 +attack + +0:45:53.930,0:45:58.279 +on today using something called .div files +program information files + +0:45:58.279,0:46:00.549 +as attachment + +0:46:00.549,0:46:04.509 +it was significant because it contained +it's own SMTP engine + +0:46:04.509,0:46:05.909 +up until then + +0:46:05.909,0:46:06.869 +things have been + +0:46:06.869,0:46:12.769 +piggybacking on exchange so submitting +mail as though you were users submnitting from + +0:46:12.769,0:46:13.280 +outlook + +0:46:13.280,0:46:14.399 +this one + +0:46:14.399,0:46:15.290 +had + +0:46:15.290,0:46:18.479 +SMTP engine optimized for + +0:46:18.479,0:46:20.239 +sending out trash + +0:46:20.239,0:46:27.239 +It had adaptive context so it kept changing itself +so it was harder to find fingerprints and self-destructed + +0:46:27.459,0:46:30.159 +on a particular day. so something + +0:46:30.159,0:46:32.509 +automated to just kind of disappear + +0:46:32.509,0:46:33.579 +on one day + +0:46:33.579,0:46:36.379 +I don't think anybody knows why + +0:46:36.379,0:46:40.910 +all sort working on domain keys which is a another + +0:46:40.910,0:46:45.920 +technology for the authentication.I'll talk +about that SPF later + +0:46:45.920,0:46:51.239 +the MyDoom virus came out it was even + spread faster was even bigger than + +0:46:51.239,0:46:52.329 +sobig + +0:46:52.329,0:46:53.539 + + +0:46:53.539,0:46:57.479 +it's big innovation was that it used network as + +0:46:57.479,0:46:59.139 +well as e-mail + +0:46:59.139,0:47:03.979 +and it was specifically designed to infect +machines to use them as spam engine so arguably + +0:47:03.979,0:47:08.709 +this was the beginning of Zombie farms + +0:47:08.709,0:47:10.959 +In February + +0:47:10.959,0:47:14.490 +oh four microsoft announces sender id which was + +0:47:14.490,0:47:17.249 +really kind of SPF with + +0:47:17.249,0:47:19.379 +synthetic sure + +0:47:19.379,0:47:24.239 +and in December of four DKIM work began. DKIM was + +0:47:24.239,0:47:26.330 +an extension of the domain keys + +0:47:26.330,0:47:30.130 +there were some experience with domain keys +we realize that there were some things that + +0:47:30.130,0:47:31.640 +needed too +0:47:31.640,0:47:35.079 +have improved and so far I was very much involved +in the DKIM work + +0:47:35.079,0:47:37.059 + so that's + +0:47:37.059,0:47:41.219 +unfortunately the five years I've been working +on this stuff now + +0:47:41.219,0:47:43.059 +and + +0:47:43.059,0:47:44.270 +oh seven + +0:47:44.270,0:47:47.969 +the actual DKIM based signin spec was + +0:47:47.969,0:47:50.900 +released much to our relief + +0:47:50.900,0:47:52.109 +different tack + +0:47:52.109,0:47:55.830 + some of the early RCs for EAI were published + +0:47:55.830,0:47:58.239 + and + +0:47:58.239,0:48:02.389 +toward the end of last year EAI's email +address + +0:48:02.389,0:48:04.939 +e-mail address + +0:48:04.939,0:48:06.319 +internationalization + +0:48:06.319,0:48:09.759 +and the idea is you been able to send around + +0:48:09.759,0:48:14.779 +txt in Japanese and so forth there +were hacks even have domain names in Japanese + +0:48:14.779,0:48:17.160 +but you couldnt have an e-mail + +0:48:17.160,0:48:17.919 +address + +0:48:17.919,0:48:19.009 +in Japanese + +0:48:19.009,0:48:20.149 +the EAI says + +0:48:20.149,0:48:21.880 +we want it to be + +0:48:21.880,0:48:24.259 +completely hundred percent international as +a whole + +0:48:24.259,0:48:26.249 +all through e-mail + +0:48:26.249,0:48:28.380 +a good thing + +0:48:28.380,0:48:33.439 + a lot of people dont realize +that the venerable RC twenty twenty + +0:48:33.439,0:48:35.619 +one and twenty two which + +0:48:35.619,0:48:39.899 +were the other internal specs for years were +actually just recently + +0:48:39.899,0:48:40.409 +updated + +0:48:40.409,0:48:44.709 +so the new numbers you have to memorize are +fifty three twenty one in fifty three twenty + +0:48:44.709,0:48:47.640 +two + +0:48:47.640,0:48:48.319 +this + +0:48:48.319,0:48:51.310 +I was the latest map that I could find so +this + +0:48:51.310,0:48:54.300 +pretty old back in nineteen ninety nine bill +cheswick + +0:48:54.300,0:48:55.589 +produced this + +0:48:55.589,0:48:57.999 +this does not show the hosts + +0:48:57.999,0:49:00.769 +on the internet this shows the ISPs + +0:49:00.769,0:49:03.489 +on the internet + +0:49:03.489,0:49:06.779 +and I won't go into any more detail + +0:49:06.779,0:49:09.079 +and I don't recall what the + +0:49:09.079,0:49:10.409 +calling yes + +0:49:10.409,0:49:11.719 +so + +0:49:11.719,0:49:13.339 +let me get into this this year + +0:49:13.339,0:49:14.590 + + +0:49:14.590,0:49:18.529 +probably messaging spam security and authentication + +0:49:18.529,0:49:23.519 +so lets talk about spamming a little. +I wasnt going to talk about spamming but + +0:49:23.519,0:49:28.629 +ever since I got here people in asking +me about it so there's still a lot of interest about it + +0:49:28.629,0:49:29.979 +obviously + +0:49:29.979,0:49:33.599 +the stand is arguably an economic issue the cost + +0:49:33.599,0:49:34.899 +to send + +0:49:34.899,0:49:40.429 +a message is far lower than the cost to receive +it + +0:49:40.429,0:49:42.160 +if this were true of + +0:49:42.160,0:49:44.759 +physical junk mail + +0:49:44.759,0:49:49.100 +then adump mail truck would come up to my house every +day and just dump all the junk mail + +0:49:49.100,0:49:51.269 +off on my lawn + +0:49:51.269,0:49:53.559 +but it's not fortunately + +0:49:53.559,0:49:57.150 +notice that that possible misuse isnt necessarily +about + +0:49:57.150,0:49:59.819 +dollars or yen or anything like that + +0:49:59.819,0:50:04.199 +it's not currency it can be things like CPU time memory usage + +0:50:04.199,0:50:06.519 +human time etc + +0:50:06.519,0:50:09.530 +notice that every single thing we try to do + +0:50:09.530,0:50:12.440 +to protect ourselves from spam until this +point + +0:50:12.440,0:50:16.049 +has increased the cost to the receiver + +0:50:16.049,0:50:20.239 +so as we put inmore and more antispam security what actually + +0:50:20.239,0:50:21.479 +move this function + +0:50:21.479,0:50:24.479 +to be more advantageous for the spammer + +0:50:24.479,0:50:27.839 +its a little strange + +0:50:27.839,0:50:29.690 +now there are a bunch of + +0:50:29.690,0:50:30.570 +possible approaches + +0:50:30.570,0:50:32.989 +there is of course + +0:50:32.989,0:50:35.519 +content filtering which is what + +0:50:35.519,0:50:40.129 +people normally do for example ninety days +and filters and so forth this is getting + +0:50:40.129,0:50:44.299 +pretty close to its limits and it doesn't +fix the crossfire + +0:50:44.299,0:50:49.060 +epostage which is what you really do +use some kind of money you can + +0:50:49.060,0:50:52.449 +attach it to each message + +0:50:52.449,0:50:53.919 +unfortunately needed any + +0:50:53.919,0:50:58.559 +pretty huge infrastructure to do all that +payment processing and + +0:50:58.559,0:51:01.169 +that's there's a lot of bickering on how to +do that + +0:51:01.169,0:51:04.099 +and acceptance problems. people don't + +0:51:04.099,0:51:08.649 +but it's always been afraid i refuse to pay anything +to send a message that + +0:51:08.649,0:51:10.909 +we're going to ask you to do + +0:51:10.909,0:51:12.400 +a tenth of a cent + +0:51:12.400,0:51:18.709 +hundredth of the cent promotes per message. +no no its too expensive. I can't afford it + +0:51:18.709,0:51:23.479 +that's a legitimate concerns about some elements +that sort of thing they're work around + +0:51:23.479,0:51:24.999 +challenge response is + +0:51:24.999,0:51:26.350 +popular + +0:51:26.350,0:51:31.020 +when you get mail from someone the never talked +to before you send them back challenge if they + +0:51:31.020,0:51:35.739 +would respond there's a human +being on the other hand what the bill through + +0:51:35.739,0:51:37.039 +unfortunately a lot of + +0:51:37.039,0:51:37.650 +people + +0:51:37.650,0:51:41.319 +get the challenges are spam and never replied + +0:51:41.319,0:51:47.049 +five thousand scale well it's particularly +bad for + +0:51:47.049,0:51:50.350 +automated systems that are trying to send out mail +like your bank + +0:51:50.350,0:51:52.430 +sending your bank statements + +0:51:52.430,0:51:54.599 +just don't respond well to that + +0:51:54.599,0:51:56.239 +challenge response + +0:51:56.239,0:51:58.230 +havshcash is + +0:51:58.230,0:52:01.179 +technique to do CPU + +0:52:01.179,0:52:02.270 +using time + +0:52:02.270,0:52:04.469 +CPU time memory + +0:52:04.469,0:52:05.199 +whatever + +0:52:05.199,0:52:10.180 +it's completely useless for Zombie farms because +they're not burning their own resources they're + +0:52:10.180,0:52:10.680 +burning + +0:52:10.680,0:52:14.099 +some victims resources so what's the point + +0:52:14.099,0:52:18.829 +graylisting is where you get a message from +somebody that you never seen before you + +0:52:18.829,0:52:21.559 +do a temporary failure on it + +0:52:21.559,0:52:26.249 +and wait for them to come back is there is +generally don't have a cue as a cue is + +0:52:26.249,0:52:27.259 +expensive + +0:52:27.259,0:52:30.469 +but it turns out they don't actually have +to have a cue because they don't change + +0:52:30.469,0:52:33.079 +the message very much that isn't it + +0:52:33.079,0:52:36.989 +he trying these things multiple times are +going back to keep track of what happened + +0:52:36.989,0:52:41.549 +before you just try multiple times if three +copies of their message gets through all the betterf + +0:52:41.549,0:52:44.779 +that + +0:52:44.779,0:52:48.130 +and on of course authentication that this +is the + +0:52:48.130,0:52:51.379 +if we know who actually sent the message + +0:52:51.379,0:52:54.099 +maybe we can hunt down and kill them + +0:52:54.099,0:52:54.750 +the + +0:52:54.750,0:52:56.539 + + +0:52:56.539,0:52:58.019 +maybe not kill them + +0:52:58.019,0:53:00.049 +there's something a little less + +0:53:00.049,0:53:05.600 +that is insufficient by itself people go how +well what authenticated that's good right + +0:53:05.600,0:53:09.499 +well spammer can authenticate +as themselves + +0:53:09.499,0:53:16.499 +so you're saying it's authenticate it doesn't +mean it's still something you dont want to read + +0:53:16.529,0:53:17.519 +so + +0:53:17.519,0:53:19.749 +let me just talk about fish in the little +bit + +0:53:19.749,0:53:22.750 +fishing and spamming are not quite the same +thing although there's often + +0:53:22.750,0:53:24.459 +a lot of overlap + +0:53:24.459,0:53:28.679 +fishing is trying to track some money into +giving up some cards had a private information + +0:53:28.679,0:53:33.939 +too often to get a bank account information +or older than he needed to identity theft + +0:53:33.939,0:53:37.599 +it's not limited to do e-mail and it's not + +0:53:37.599,0:53:42.220 +the nigerian or four nineteen spam was working +in physical mail + +0:53:42.220,0:53:45.699 +long before it hit the-mail I have personally +receive + +0:53:45.699,0:53:47.859 +those badly typed + +0:53:47.859,0:53:48.849 +letters + +0:53:48.849,0:53:54.720 +that were exactly of four elections than I +am and nigerian dictator in these to get + +0:53:54.720,0:54:01.099 +a hundred million dollars out and you've been +identified as the trustworthy dot dot dot + +0:54:01.099,0:54:05.430 +pranksters have been preying on the elderly +as long as there have been elderly + +0:54:05.430,0:54:09.029 + so for none of this is new + +0:54:09.029,0:54:10.170 +that's true + +0:54:10.170,0:54:14.859 +basic forms of vision was one call your shop +and fishing which is really just + +0:54:14.859,0:54:19.759 +send out these things to enough people I hope +in some ways to promote the body + +0:54:19.759,0:54:22.669 +which works by the way unfortunately + +0:54:22.669,0:54:27.589 +are there still people think you can get something +for nothing + +0:54:27.589,0:54:30.079 +well what's being called spear fishing + +0:54:30.079,0:54:31.890 +he is actually pretty bad + +0:54:31.890,0:54:37.259 +this is where they actually spend a fair amount +of time researching an individual + +0:54:37.259,0:54:39.889 +they do a custom-made + +0:54:39.889,0:54:40.939 +message + +0:54:40.939,0:54:47.120 +I have received some of these things that +for example claim to be from the IRS saying that + +0:54:47.120,0:54:48.369 +so no I didn't + +0:54:48.369,0:54:52.130 +something earlier about this them + +0:54:52.130,0:54:53.339 +some of them + +0:54:53.339,0:54:58.469 +with some of our forms somewhere and it has +leader urgent that we contact some so immediately + +0:54:58.469,0:54:59.230 +or else + +0:54:59.230,0:55:00.859 +then the forced + +0:55:00.859,0:55:01.979 +we're actually were + +0:55:01.979,0:55:04.479 +forced to freeze all of our bank accounts + +0:55:04.479,0:55:09.670 +and so forth they know who I am and also with the company + +0:55:09.670,0:55:12.959 +not a thing that people will do it is %uh + +0:55:12.959,0:55:14.649 +people throw away + +0:55:14.649,0:55:18.269 +but bank saying some things that have the +last four digits of your account number on + +0:55:18.269,0:55:18.759 +it + +0:55:18.759,0:55:22.189 +which is perfectly safe because they don't +have a whole credit card number + +0:55:22.189,0:55:23.900 +well I'm wrong that right + +0:55:23.900,0:55:26.060 +all that out dumpster no I didn't + +0:55:26.060,0:55:29.189 +they send you a letter claiming to be from +your + +0:55:29.189,0:55:30.980 +%uh credit card prior + +0:55:30.980,0:55:35.570 +they have the last four digits of your account +number to give you exactly the same information + +0:55:35.570,0:55:36.770 +that you're legitimate + +0:55:36.770,0:55:40.389 +credit card company would + +0:55:40.389,0:55:41.239 +and + +0:55:41.239,0:55:43.159 +that's a lot easier to trickpeople + +0:55:43.159,0:55:46.819 +they can't stand significant money + +0:55:46.819,0:55:49.329 +talking to someone + +0:55:49.329,0:55:51.849 +so up + +0:55:51.849,0:55:54.549 +one other thing about the fishing know which +is + +0:55:54.549,0:55:58.690 +but the cracker what I just described attackers +lot of harvard be + +0:55:58.690,0:56:00.480 +pretend to be someone you trust + +0:56:00.480,0:56:05.160 +an authentication can actually help with that +if it claims to be from one bank and would + +0:56:05.160,0:56:06.799 +not from my bank + +0:56:06.799,0:56:11.089 +and we're done + +0:56:11.089,0:56:11.900 + + +0:56:11.900,0:56:15.399 +there's really two forms of authentication + +0:56:15.399,0:56:16.859 +and the standards + +0:56:16.859,0:56:20.839 +I'm not stand ready an FBI forms of half days + +0:56:20.839,0:56:22.620 +plus which is where where you look + +0:56:22.620,0:56:25.539 +our message across to you whose sending + +0:56:25.539,0:56:29.579 +they're sending the message to you and is +it possible that they would be sending a message + +0:56:29.579,0:56:31.799 +claiming to be from my bank + +0:56:31.799,0:56:34.420 +they were signature base which is where you +do + +0:56:34.420,0:56:38.599 +he's public encryption to do put digital signature +on the message + +0:56:38.599,0:56:41.380 +I mean there are these + +0:56:41.380,0:56:46.129 +authenticate users a lot of the key domains +because of the key management problems + +0:56:46.129,0:56:49.950 +and wboth of them can authenticate malicious +messages so this + +0:56:49.950,0:56:52.549 +not perfect + +0:56:52.549,0:56:56.200 +it did him in + +0:56:56.200,0:56:57.970 +potentially the cold war + +0:56:57.970,0:56:59.869 +consistently if we could get + +0:56:59.869,0:57:01.319 +Bob the entire network + +0:57:01.319,0:57:03.449 +to never mind your message + +0:57:03.449,0:57:09.049 +I wish probably can happen in hundred years +or so + +0:57:09.049,0:57:13.589 +I didn't get a talk show on this you know +who wants to be the first person sons message + +0:57:13.589,0:57:14.389 +well + +0:57:14.389,0:57:16.969 +we expected the recipients would want that + +0:57:16.969,0:57:21.100 +because they want to protect themselves but +it turns out has been descenders like the banks + +0:57:21.100,0:57:24.069 +they have really really been pushing us + +0:57:24.069,0:57:27.529 +plus some of the forward looking + +0:57:27.529,0:57:28.670 +places like google + +0:57:28.670,0:57:34.499 +have been using DKIMand of the SP +up for some time + +0:57:34.499,0:57:35.800 +one important thing + +0:57:35.800,0:57:37.359 +for a transition period + +0:57:37.359,0:57:39.169 +you have to + +0:57:39.169,0:57:41.859 +allow unsigned mail to come in + +0:57:41.859,0:57:43.790 +because that's the way it's always been + +0:57:43.790,0:57:46.520 +and he can't just bring the world that we've +moved in + +0:57:46.520,0:57:48.070 +we will never have + +0:57:48.070,0:57:52.769 +another flag day on the internet like that +and just can't happen at this point + +0:57:52.769,0:57:58.709 +so what you'd like is for a the banks and +to be able to somehow tell you I signed all + +0:57:58.709,0:58:00.939 +my message is so if you + +0:58:00.939,0:58:05.889 +but if you get an unsigned message that claims +to be for me it's not for me + +0:58:05.889,0:58:10.229 +interior up argument signed in paris is eight +the SP + +0:58:10.229,0:58:12.890 +and this is very controversial and still + +0:58:12.890,0:58:16.199 +stuck in the working group + +0:58:16.199,0:58:19.880 +I want to emphasize that + +0:58:19.880,0:58:21.799 +evacuations is not + +0:58:21.799,0:58:24.639 +because members can authenticate + +0:58:24.639,0:58:30.609 +and we can't leave it to humans either because +of things like cousin domains + +0:58:30.609,0:58:34.989 +but he had a ebay-biling was a famous one +that was not associate with + +0:58:34.989,0:58:36.699 +the bay in any way + +0:58:36.699,0:58:39.689 +and was trying to frighten people + +0:58:39.689,0:58:42.299 +so let me talk a little bit about the camera + +0:58:42.299,0:58:45.149 +which is what I've been working on mostly + +0:58:45.149,0:58:47.959 +I just wanted to specifications + +0:58:47.959,0:58:48.980 +one is the + +0:58:48.980,0:58:54.929 +the signature at the base standards which tells +how to sign and verified message + +0:58:54.929,0:58:56.840 +I've heard a lot of work and the other one + +0:58:56.840,0:59:02.090 +no one is the sign in practices which is how +to interpret on science messages on that one + +0:59:02.090,0:59:04.989 +has gotten laid down in the works + +0:59:04.989,0:59:06.529 +and at this point on + +0:59:06.529,0:59:08.939 +I walked away from it because + +0:59:08.939,0:59:10.129 +that's amazing + +0:59:10.129,0:59:13.049 +how many hours people can spend arguing about + +0:59:13.049,0:59:14.719 +the meaning of + +0:59:14.719,0:59:19.359 +relatively simple words + +0:59:19.359,0:59:21.439 +the way you can get away with it + +0:59:21.439,0:59:28.299 +is to use other DMS to destroy your +public he's since policies can indeed be public + +0:59:28.299,0:59:31.599 +you are rich off of this exist in the world +war + +0:59:31.599,0:59:34.479 +distributed database to get the keys out + +0:59:34.479,0:59:37.490 +this is a little unusual because normally + +0:59:37.490,0:59:40.349 +you don't have something that is so simple +to this + +0:59:40.349,0:59:45.430 +we do not by the way he serves we don't have +a assigning tree or anything like that it's + +0:59:45.430,0:59:47.469 +just to keep pair + +0:59:47.469,0:59:49.119 +because if you're asking + +0:59:49.119,0:59:53.269 +the purported sendmail to give you the republican +or + +0:59:53.269,0:59:54.639 +reported sender + +0:59:54.639,0:59:56.199 +to give them + +0:59:56.199,1:00:00.109 +their home and he give you their publication + +1:00:00.109,1:00:01.309 +I mean + +1:00:01.309,1:00:03.299 +presumably contrast that + +1:00:03.299,1:00:04.369 +presumably + +1:00:04.369,1:00:05.809 +now there are people who + +1:00:05.809,1:00:07.709 +would like to put searche + +1:00:07.709,1:00:11.749 +and investigators social security that probably +will go through some point + +1:00:11.749,1:00:14.339 + but it probably won't be necessary + +1:00:14.339,1:00:17.729 +with the the + +1:00:17.729,1:00:18.729 +I'm + +1:00:18.729,1:00:23.079 +possibility of theft of keys is one of the +nice ones is + +1:00:23.079,1:00:25.799 +if you get mail + +1:00:25.799,1:00:30.900 +they signed from a domain you don't know about +how do you know that that's a good omen were + +1:00:30.900,1:00:33.940 +not while reputation which I've got to + +1:00:33.940,1:00:37.079 +is the major approach but if you had + +1:00:37.079,1:00:42.549 +it's signed by someone that has served so +the key itself was signed by someone else + +1:00:42.549,1:00:45.799 +you could ask is that + +1:00:45.799,1:00:49.890 +and that gives you some of the reputation +is called of + +1:00:49.890,1:00:52.640 +%uh accreditation + +1:00:52.640,1:00:56.269 +and it sort of gives you the poor man's her +accreditation + +1:00:56.269,1:00:59.619 +%uh they're also of course the places that +wants to + +1:00:59.619,1:01:04.219 +I was moved towards first because they can't +make a living so on + +1:01:04.219,1:01:07.979 +as they think this is a fine idea is building + +1:01:07.979,1:01:11.319 +what was the + +1:01:11.319,1:01:16.079 +it really did do it obviously would + +1:01:16.079,1:01:19.109 +that's that's + +1:01:19.109,1:01:21.219 +what's the response + +1:01:21.219,1:01:23.069 +there is nobody there + +1:01:23.069,1:01:24.739 +yes + +1:01:24.739,1:01:27.230 +the you have built into your browser + +1:01:27.230,1:01:30.910 +Obama assures jurors that are prosperous should +say + +1:01:30.910,1:01:33.779 +sonya forties that are trusted + +1:01:33.779,1:01:39.469 +it because you believe that they're not going +to start really signing one ski + +1:01:39.469,1:01:40.640 +exactly the same thing + +1:01:40.640,1:01:43.479 +think for a minute + +1:01:43.479,1:01:46.130 +the quality the city + +1:01:46.130,1:01:49.159 +yeah + +1:01:49.159,1:01:50.469 +the + +1:01:50.469,1:01:56.160 +you can first of all a matter of places that +would actually + +1:01:56.160,1:02:00.349 +make sure that you are legitimate but you +at least have a mailing address that really + +1:02:00.349,1:02:01.529 +works + +1:02:01.529,1:02:06.219 +that the people who claimed on the company +actually exists + +1:02:06.219,1:02:09.799 +simple things like that and somebody could +make a fair amount of money + +1:02:09.799,1:02:13.069 +the in certifying agency that + +1:02:13.069,1:02:14.429 +this is your views + +1:02:14.429,1:02:19.169 +to sign anything where they had check you +out for + +1:02:19.169,1:02:22.599 +they and there are places that do that for +the world as well but you're right some of + +1:02:22.599,1:02:23.449 +them are + +1:02:23.449,1:02:27.459 +in a tent lots of course inside turkey + +1:02:27.459,1:02:30.619 +sometimes it's not that expensive + +1:02:30.619,1:02:33.099 +%um + +1:02:33.099,1:02:37.799 +an hour to talk about signing practices unfortunately +it's got water down to the point where our + +1:02:37.799,1:02:44.039 +in my opinion it's not terribly useful in +or + +1:02:44.039,1:02:49.049 +so we're at the station is the usual way you +deal with that + +1:02:49.049,1:02:50.130 +the message too + +1:02:50.130,1:02:54.059 +I threw it out of the message comes from the +bagel in dakar + +1:02:54.059,1:02:59.069 +okay because I've gotten their public he is +verify is so important step in mathematics + +1:02:59.069,1:03:00.370 +and cruel + +1:03:00.370,1:03:01.709 +provable + +1:03:01.709,1:03:08.359 +Joe I want to talk to he made a one dot com +don't believe them go on record on that one + +1:03:08.359,1:03:13.869 +and the usual approach his reputation what +we know about you being the one dot com + +1:03:13.869,1:03:15.029 +that reputation + +1:03:15.029,1:03:17.179 +it's been around for a long time + +1:03:17.179,1:03:19.689 +in the form of diana's black homeless + +1:03:19.689,1:03:26.249 +as only negative reputation can say but it +remains good of the comoros a that + +1:03:26.249,1:03:28.049 +and of course + +1:03:28.049,1:03:32.639 +bad guys are switching around like he addresses +all time so + +1:03:32.639,1:03:35.429 +those lists are always tell + +1:03:35.429,1:03:37.959 +so in fact + +1:03:37.959,1:03:38.599 +helpful + +1:03:38.599,1:03:42.480 +but it's not actually all that great the main +event he gives you his + +1:03:42.480,1:03:45.109 +they a black hole + +1:03:45.109,1:03:47.170 +huge address bases that are + +1:03:47.170,1:03:48.729 +%um + +1:03:48.729,1:03:51.519 +for example dialogue but he + +1:03:51.519,1:03:52.459 +don't love + +1:03:52.459,1:03:56.430 +like the address this thing know nobody should +ever be sending + +1:03:56.430,1:04:00.280 +mail from those demands that don't go through +their providers mail services and that action + +1:04:00.280,1:04:02.599 +does help a lot + +1:04:02.599,1:04:06.380 +positive reputation on the other hand is really +hard to do + +1:04:06.380,1:04:11.149 +our because it breaks the world as we know +it + +1:04:11.149,1:04:16.049 +so right now there has been some sense a presumption +of innocence + +1:04:16.049,1:04:20.239 +when you receive email from so that you've +never seen it before well it might be would + +1:04:20.239,1:04:21.829 +you let me go + +1:04:21.829,1:04:22.889 +Spanish actor + +1:04:22.889,1:04:26.159 +so for but it might be legitimate + +1:04:26.159,1:04:30.729 +if you go to a world where you looked out +and say well if they have no + +1:04:30.729,1:04:32.579 +known reputation + +1:04:32.579,1:04:36.549 +there is probably bad think it's probably +a stammer as the jury + +1:04:36.549,1:04:37.849 +you know thousand + +1:04:37.849,1:04:40.359 +I can remember what the + +1:04:40.359,1:04:42.409 +number is ours + +1:04:42.409,1:04:44.569 +thousands of new domain stumble + +1:04:44.569,1:04:46.199 +online every day + +1:04:46.199,1:04:49.749 +first anniversary exists only for a day or +so and then they go away + +1:04:49.749,1:04:53.369 +to send a lot of the middle of the day + +1:04:53.369,1:04:54.289 +so + +1:04:54.289,1:04:58.099 +how does does a small player join the club + +1:04:58.099,1:05:04.229 +without having a positive reputation to begin +with the legitimate small player + +1:05:04.229,1:05:05.829 +this is + +1:05:05.829,1:05:08.989 +still a months old pro + +1:05:08.989,1:05:11.849 +we may end up going to a closed society + +1:05:11.849,1:05:14.920 +if you don't have somebody to introduce to +you + +1:05:14.920,1:05:15.529 +then + +1:05:15.529,1:05:17.599 +you can't get your mail for + +1:05:17.599,1:05:22.619 +%uh this is actually been true in human society +for a long long time so it's not the end of + +1:05:22.619,1:05:26.279 +the world but it does have some + +1:05:26.279,1:05:28.199 +unfortunate + +1:05:28.199,1:05:31.480 +implications and there's going to have to +be exceptions sales tax + +1:05:31.480,1:05:38.480 +anything that Tom foley is going to want to +reject mail from people that heard of before + +1:05:38.749,1:05:42.300 +about I will point out challenge responses +of a chance to + +1:05:42.300,1:05:45.019 +this is to create a closed society + +1:05:45.019,1:05:46.679 +we have a + +1:05:46.679,1:05:48.519 +attacks in their house + +1:05:48.519,1:05:52.359 +if you will a proven true test to try and +see if there's a human being on the other + +1:05:52.359,1:05:54.199 +end of the line + +1:05:54.199,1:05:57.229 +as a lot of places that would love to do it +credit nation + +1:05:57.229,1:05:58.889 +which is where they'll say + +1:05:58.889,1:06:01.039 +how about for you + +1:06:01.039,1:06:02.949 +for a fee + +1:06:02.949,1:06:04.850 +even having the base of money + +1:06:04.850,1:06:08.339 +does have value because they have to give +it credit card number + +1:06:08.339,1:06:11.270 +and it has to go through the crack of service +in your + +1:06:11.270,1:06:12.339 +essentially + +1:06:12.339,1:06:13.880 +one emerging off the + +1:06:13.880,1:06:16.309 +credit cards + +1:06:16.309,1:06:18.609 +companies work on reputation + +1:06:18.609,1:06:19.869 +well I don't know + +1:06:19.869,1:06:21.399 +the possibility + +1:06:21.399,1:06:23.439 +the likelihood of of + +1:06:23.439,1:06:29.269 +stolen credit cards + +1:06:29.269,1:06:32.189 +what a lot of people say it as well you know +we + +1:06:32.189,1:06:33.989 +why don't we just + +1:06:33.989,1:06:37.919 +here's another media messages + +1:06:37.919,1:06:43.209 +yes well as a messenger who doesn't have spent +all that's why I did it get + +1:06:43.209,1:06:48.619 +message is pretty much every day from so and +so sexy teenage foxy girls + +1:06:48.619,1:06:51.369 +morning to get it wrong with me + +1:06:51.369,1:06:53.409 +collins then as it's called + +1:06:53.409,1:06:56.640 +on is has been a problem for a while it is +doing that + +1:06:56.640,1:06:58.939 +yeah + +1:06:58.939,1:07:00.280 +authentication helps + +1:07:00.280,1:07:04.279 +but it's just too easy to get + +1:07:04.279,1:07:08.169 +all social networking storage tank was the +problem will just use + +1:07:08.169,1:07:09.499 +social networking + +1:07:09.499,1:07:11.619 +and use that for all or up + +1:07:11.619,1:07:15.299 +e-mail and in so you've got to be a friend +of mine + +1:07:15.299,1:07:19.829 +well it turns out has recently there's been +a lot of publicity + +1:07:19.829,1:07:22.209 +of worms in virus is that going to + +1:07:22.209,1:07:24.939 +%uh my face and facebook and + +1:07:24.939,1:07:28.609 +what not an issue + +1:07:28.609,1:07:31.649 +you are you will accidentally + +1:07:31.649,1:07:33.929 +sanders down to your friends + +1:07:33.929,1:07:36.599 +it would generally comes from you + +1:07:36.599,1:07:37.529 +and so they + +1:07:37.529,1:07:41.479 +are more likely to trust you so what is actually +almost + +1:07:41.479,1:07:43.099 +works + +1:07:43.099,1:07:43.790 +them + +1:07:43.790,1:07:46.219 +the male staffer + +1:07:46.219,1:07:48.519 +and it's this + +1:07:48.519,1:07:51.109 +on internet telephony spam spam over internet + +1:07:51.109,1:07:52.339 +it taught me + +1:07:52.339,1:07:55.469 +on his was just placed a growth industry + +1:07:55.469,1:07:57.919 +I wish is going to get + +1:07:57.919,1:07:59.139 +unbelievably bad + +1:07:59.139,1:08:00.449 +sometime soon + +1:08:00.449,1:08:05.529 +so some speculations on the future here that +these are speculations my opinion + +1:08:05.529,1:08:09.819 +I can't justify the runway + +1:08:09.819,1:08:11.149 +miss first term + +1:08:11.149,1:08:12.839 +I think we will get + +1:08:12.839,1:08:14.739 +some authenticated mail out there + +1:08:14.739,1:08:18.789 +%uh there will be some center reputation and +we'll roll + +1:08:18.789,1:08:22.079 +with time it will grow as quickly as i'd like + +1:08:22.079,1:08:23.509 +they've done it will + +1:08:23.509,1:08:25.439 +happen and it will start to grow + +1:08:25.439,1:08:27.859 +and it will be useful in only + +1:08:27.859,1:08:31.710 +because when you can get of not people + +1:08:31.710,1:08:34.119 +authenticated and they have good reputation + +1:08:34.119,1:08:39.489 +the probability that the other male is then +goes us the and actually + +1:08:39.489,1:08:41.960 +tarnoff use them filters sensitivity + +1:08:41.960,1:08:44.079 +so if you will it will be a + +1:08:44.079,1:08:46.759 +well why didn't he was around + +1:08:46.759,1:08:50.770 +existence of them soldiers not something that +is this by itself + +1:08:50.770,1:08:55.000 +all we will see movement toward e-mail address +internationalization once again is going to + +1:08:55.000,1:08:56.529 +be relatively slow + +1:08:56.529,1:09:01.689 +the reason for that is because there's a part +of our problem not which is downgrading + +1:09:01.689,1:09:02.880 +a message for men + +1:09:02.880,1:09:04.659 +in our national life + +1:09:04.659,1:09:05.900 +mel which by the way + +1:09:05.900,1:09:08.849 +what they're looking at it saying we're going +to use you sheila tate + +1:09:08.849,1:09:12.000 +for everything we're talking to declare the +characters that we just + +1:09:12.000,1:09:13.730 +he issued yesterday + +1:09:13.730,1:09:16.619 +with low vision done years ago + +1:09:16.619,1:09:17.819 +Bob that + +1:09:17.819,1:09:22.809 +taking AZT a great message and downgrading +them soon ask the message it is + +1:09:22.809,1:09:24.420 +almost impossible + +1:09:24.420,1:09:25.690 +and I did + +1:09:25.690,1:09:27.099 +and that's important + +1:09:27.099,1:09:32.889 +the daylights tensions in to send them all +and release them yet + +1:09:32.889,1:09:37.249 +try to do the downgrading and finally came +to the conclusion that there's certain things + +1:09:37.249,1:09:39.139 +we just have to guess + +1:09:39.139,1:09:41.989 +and you might not guess right all the time + +1:09:41.989,1:09:43.830 +so my inclination to say + +1:09:43.830,1:09:47.589 +I will not allow downgrading + +1:09:47.589,1:09:52.139 +the FAA on the message will bounce back me +up set down great message to begin with that + +1:09:52.139,1:09:56.360 +will slow adoption + +1:09:56.360,1:10:00.719 +the people young people in particular are +moving off of us and to keep this now we're + +1:10:00.719,1:10:05.199 +going into things like playing on people's +walls and facebook + +1:10:05.199,1:10:07.250 +polymarker warnings investigating + +1:10:07.250,1:10:12.659 +so forth that is going to continue + +1:10:12.659,1:10:15.679 +take pot + +1:10:15.679,1:10:17.340 +a lot of people say + +1:10:17.340,1:10:19.250 +partially because people them + +1:10:19.250,1:10:22.510 +moving on to these things that are said to +be is that + +1:10:22.510,1:10:24.340 +but I think that indeed he is dead + +1:10:24.340,1:10:26.010 +what would that send to AP + +1:10:26.010,1:10:28.280 +as and he's not going away + +1:10:28.280,1:10:30.860 +a lot of reasons + +1:10:30.860,1:10:34.860 +are some things that could be dealt with this +one of the big proposals is to switch from + +1:10:34.860,1:10:37.059 +a portion or all of the-mail where + +1:10:37.059,1:10:38.380 +the center + +1:10:38.380,1:10:39.830 +connects to the recipient + +1:10:39.830,1:10:41.420 +this year's the male take it + +1:10:41.420,1:10:43.159 +to uphold + +1:10:43.159,1:10:47.649 +model where the recipient just sends a short +message to have male for you here and then + +1:10:47.649,1:10:48.789 +the + +1:10:48.789,1:10:49.880 +recipient + +1:10:49.880,1:10:51.159 +polls back for it + +1:10:51.159,1:10:53.219 +when it's convenient for them to do so + +1:10:53.219,1:10:55.909 +that does show that the cost function + +1:10:55.909,1:10:57.699 +so the %uh + +1:10:57.699,1:11:00.020 +the center actually has to + +1:11:00.020,1:11:01.210 +have some of + +1:11:01.210,1:11:04.900 +infrastructure there they have to be prepared +to use the word was mail + +1:11:04.900,1:11:09.110 +that's not true + +1:11:09.110,1:11:12.399 +he's still going to be in the essence the +structure I think + +1:11:12.399,1:11:16.869 +the essentially is a sensible and can do almost +anything with the exceptions it's going to + +1:11:16.869,1:11:17.890 +be good enough + +1:11:17.890,1:11:19.780 +for a long time + +1:11:19.780,1:11:20.789 +I think + +1:11:20.789,1:11:26.360 +in the medium term we will succeed in getting +the GSA absolutely everywhere + +1:11:26.360,1:11:30.689 +that's about the only people who have to ask +the e-mail will be + +1:11:30.689,1:11:34.979 +the people who listen to peace are rich and +other pressures and they can't go out and + +1:11:34.979,1:11:36.620 +upgrade the + +1:11:36.620,1:11:40.760 +of so I I'm pretty optimistic on that + +1:11:40.760,1:11:41.920 +and + +1:11:41.920,1:11:44.900 +most e-mail is going to end up being opposed +to the providers + +1:11:44.900,1:11:48.039 +it's gotten so much harder to run in this +juror + +1:11:48.039,1:11:51.440 +now than it was twenty years ago or ten years +ago were you + +1:11:51.440,1:11:53.760 +five years ago for a lot of reasons + +1:11:53.760,1:11:56.419 +the gallery reasons for example + +1:11:56.419,1:12:01.670 +there's a lot of new laws that apply to the +mail and retention and so forth + +1:12:01.670,1:12:06.440 +you really don't want to push that off onto +somebody else who can worry about it so + +1:12:06.440,1:12:09.790 +lots of companies for example who used to +run the romanovs jurors + +1:12:09.790,1:12:12.089 +are moving to jeanette + +1:12:12.089,1:12:13.230 +and I think you'll see + +1:12:13.230,1:12:15.239 +more of that I think you'll see a lot + +1:12:15.239,1:12:16.169 +more of that + +1:12:16.169,1:12:17.989 +I don't think we'll get to the + +1:12:17.989,1:12:21.489 +place where there are three companies in the +entire world that + +1:12:21.489,1:12:23.400 +have-mailboxes + +1:12:23.400,1:12:26.920 +although there would actually be certain advantages +to that + +1:12:26.920,1:12:29.270 +they won't get any more like that but + +1:12:29.270,1:12:32.459 +of small companies + +1:12:32.459,1:12:37.729 +don't want to deal with that + +1:12:37.729,1:12:39.639 +so some larger thoughts + +1:12:39.639,1:12:45.449 +%uh casual messaging well and he continued +to move away from essence few days now + +1:12:45.449,1:12:48.440 +you see more and more start going through +this book + +1:12:48.440,1:12:50.300 +%um %um + +1:12:50.300,1:12:52.969 +more and more self-government arrangements +again + +1:12:52.969,1:12:55.129 +people forty eight + +1:12:55.129,1:12:57.189 +instant gratification + +1:12:57.189,1:13:00.440 +and I am give somebody a man told us + +1:13:00.440,1:13:03.869 +he also sits there with mobile usage and + +1:13:03.869,1:13:07.770 +is there anyone in this room who is not secure +and one of these + +1:13:07.770,1:13:12.189 +anyone who wants to admit that their letter +I didn't think so + +1:13:12.189,1:13:15.360 +I e-mail is not going to die + +1:13:15.360,1:13:16.329 +on this + +1:13:16.329,1:13:18.610 +been predicted that that's just not true + +1:13:18.610,1:13:20.420 +it's to us into business + +1:13:20.420,1:13:24.980 +it's to a lawsuit in places where you can +really yes and water message + +1:13:24.980,1:13:27.760 +you have to think about what you're saying + +1:13:27.760,1:13:29.149 +for the standard + +1:13:29.149,1:13:31.949 +%uh it's the if you got + +1:13:31.949,1:13:34.709 +security and regulatory issues up + +1:13:34.709,1:13:37.949 +there are real problems with instant message +in + +1:13:37.949,1:13:43.110 +one of the things is it totally artificial +is that tax to have some us + +1:13:43.110,1:13:47.349 +I saw a lot of money in a light two cents +attacks + +1:13:47.349,1:13:49.360 +constant so companies as euro + +1:13:49.360,1:13:54.329 +to do that effectively zero when they put +this cost on it and they're making + +1:13:54.329,1:13:55.230 +fortune + +1:13:55.230,1:13:56.400 +off of that + +1:13:56.400,1:14:00.320 +and that will be enough people say I don't +want to pay a tenth of a cent for e-mail but + +1:14:00.320,1:14:01.549 +there will end soon + +1:14:01.549,1:14:04.000 +the two sides for anathema us + +1:14:04.000,1:14:05.820 +this is crazy + +1:14:05.820,1:14:07.489 +I'm hoping that won't go away + +1:14:07.489,1:14:11.260 +the other thing is that as you get into the +business world were more you're dealing with + +1:14:11.260,1:14:12.909 +people across time zones + +1:14:12.909,1:14:14.510 +%uh when you're a hacker + +1:14:14.510,1:14:16.810 +and you're up around the clock ticking away + +1:14:16.810,1:14:21.410 +that's not such a big deal but when we start +to get into the more conventional world actually + +1:14:21.410,1:14:22.489 +kind of the monarchy + +1:14:22.489,1:14:24.190 +and you get married you have kids + +1:14:24.190,1:14:25.239 +he started + +1:14:25.239,1:14:28.679 +go on to a more conventional schedule + +1:14:28.679,1:14:30.079 +that distinction + +1:14:30.079,1:14:31.370 +that's what you know + +1:14:31.370,1:14:32.760 +he's investigating + +1:14:32.760,1:14:38.780 +and even voice he's going to be were it's +already boring as it were and more than that + +1:14:38.780,1:14:41.270 +I actually were talking about that + +1:14:41.270,1:14:44.019 +of little bit in the last one + +1:14:44.019,1:14:48.900 +and I think there's a lot of very interesting +work to be done again the computer human interface + +1:14:48.900,1:14:49.949 +of the-mail + +1:14:49.949,1:14:51.589 +right now the-mail + +1:14:51.589,1:14:54.479 +but e-mails started off as a in box here + +1:14:54.479,1:14:56.489 +carol millhouse you go through them + +1:14:56.489,1:15:00.639 +it's gotten to the point where it's sort of +like it down secretary him to sort out the + +1:15:00.639,1:15:01.550 +junk mail + +1:15:01.550,1:15:02.959 +and give you the rest of it + +1:15:02.959,1:15:06.670 +e-mails should be news of new York should +say he messaging + +1:15:06.670,1:15:08.380 +is there any light eight + +1:15:08.380,1:15:10.409 +really the executive and then + +1:15:10.409,1:15:13.810 +who knows what it is you're doing can deal +with + +1:15:13.810,1:15:18.030 +and that is so rotten that stuff that you +actually cancer this stuff + +1:15:18.030,1:15:18.849 +where is not + +1:15:18.849,1:15:20.400 +a difficult time + +1:15:20.400,1:15:24.840 +who can sort of the things into an order and +say this is the most important thing for you + +1:15:24.840,1:15:27.300 +to deal with right now + +1:15:27.300,1:15:30.880 +your mind you know when someone for meeting +is coming up + +1:15:30.880,1:15:31.980 +who will + +1:15:31.980,1:15:33.020 +you know when + +1:15:33.020,1:15:37.319 +you call a meeting and people have responded +will go off and and + +1:15:37.319,1:15:38.340 +do you know about it + +1:15:38.340,1:15:40.260 +et cetera et cetera + +1:15:40.260,1:15:45.389 +there's a huge amount of work that can happen +here + +1:15:45.389,1:15:49.479 +what scares me is unified message in almost +a month or + +1:15:49.479,1:15:52.969 +too many messaging services in applications +out there + +1:15:52.969,1:15:55.919 +well I think there's too much + +1:15:55.919,1:15:58.330 +overlap and there's not enough compatibility + +1:15:58.330,1:16:00.989 +I want to show you a little chart that I made +up + +1:16:00.989,1:16:02.560 +just lost couple days + +1:16:02.560,1:16:09.560 +all of the services in applications on the +stars are ones by personal use + +1:16:10.520,1:16:15.219 +just run through this week or two + +1:16:15.219,1:16:17.110 +we start with haiti and it + +1:16:17.110,1:16:20.599 +originally started out as an ally and application + +1:16:20.599,1:16:26.719 +it does I am really does that somehow some +lawyers roosevelt for Israel + +1:16:26.719,1:16:32.040 +bosses from the board life where I think also +for him or whatever it does have its own address + +1:16:32.040,1:16:33.800 +book + +1:16:33.800,1:16:35.409 +the hum + +1:16:35.409,1:16:36.729 +right + +1:16:36.729,1:16:40.110 +on or is it was designed originally as a up + +1:16:40.110,1:16:41.739 +of course acquisitions + +1:16:41.739,1:16:43.630 +but it's not a all right and wrong headed + +1:16:43.630,1:16:45.509 +it's kind of a deal now + +1:16:45.509,1:16:50.729 +it will called for him + +1:16:50.729,1:16:52.169 +%um + +1:16:52.169,1:16:54.489 +for additional money + +1:16:54.489,1:16:56.460 +you can't do that by definition is that + +1:16:56.460,1:16:59.199 +for additional monies was time for a little + +1:16:59.199,1:17:00.540 +in the case + +1:17:00.540,1:17:02.339 +money changes hands + +1:17:02.339,1:17:07.219 +you know that's a nice for income in or outgoing +calls so I am + +1:17:07.219,1:17:09.460 +outgoing start flying but no in coming + +1:17:09.460,1:17:11.840 +strike one + +1:17:11.840,1:17:17.899 +well lawyers which was up from seoul a couple +of days ago was called grand central + +1:17:17.899,1:17:21.169 +%uh harris + +1:17:21.169,1:17:22.420 +mister President + +1:17:22.420,1:17:27.710 +for its part is not but the no three there +is that there are other this who was talk + +1:17:27.710,1:17:29.070 +as well + +1:17:29.070,1:17:33.210 +and so in some sense is closely related so +that's kind of the US + +1:17:33.210,1:17:35.570 +because unless the masses those two boys + +1:17:35.570,1:17:39.340 +it doesn't invade year old yes + +1:17:39.340,1:17:40.409 +bobbie + +1:17:40.409,1:17:44.269 +that's a incoming calls + +1:17:44.269,1:17:46.680 +in fact that's the whole point + +1:17:46.680,1:17:48.999 +who was + +1:17:48.999,1:17:50.870 +you can do and how going + +1:17:50.870,1:17:57.239 +calls in the US yet to take action if you +want to do international outgoing calls + +1:17:57.239,1:18:02.139 +%um + +1:18:02.139,1:18:04.469 +he did not have a call for him + +1:18:04.469,1:18:09.530 +no that's what it was designed to do and recently +he can actually called for not just to of + +1:18:09.530,1:18:13.089 +regular phone number on what's called a PSA +and + +1:18:13.089,1:18:15.709 +up + +1:18:15.709,1:18:18.769 +public's something telephone network + +1:18:18.769,1:18:20.020 +%um + +1:18:20.020,1:18:22.329 +sorry I should know that + +1:18:22.329,1:18:24.020 +so that's what you have + +1:18:24.020,1:18:27.879 +that kind of remark you're no longer couldn't +find it + +1:18:27.879,1:18:32.469 +it can also go to portland numbers in Texas +I don't want to count and there's no way to + +1:18:32.469,1:18:34.709 +call him from a regular telephone + +1:18:34.709,1:18:38.040 +but in fact when some told him for it to you +so + +1:18:38.040,1:18:39.119 +%uh which is + +1:18:39.119,1:18:40.639 +what I'm using + +1:18:40.639,1:18:42.929 +well let me get to + +1:18:42.929,1:18:47.960 +brought boris is a service of had for a while +it's just the four okay + +1:18:47.960,1:18:48.989 +sir I was + +1:18:48.989,1:18:50.090 +I did + +1:18:50.090,1:18:51.889 +only those boys + +1:18:51.889,1:18:56.260 +okay does have an incoming calls + +1:18:56.260,1:19:00.619 +and of course you always get more on that +and also I said that number of local number + +1:19:00.619,1:19:04.369 +in the UK which were inspired Tony birtley + +1:19:04.369,1:19:07.419 +on for a very serious sewers some for anything + +1:19:07.419,1:19:11.099 +you can see there + +1:19:11.099,1:19:12.520 +and it does + +1:19:12.520,1:19:15.090 +coming up phone calls + +1:19:15.090,1:19:19.900 +yes well I just heard plan was recently if +they saw + +1:19:19.900,1:19:23.190 +I'm I have it on this mission here + +1:19:23.190,1:19:25.769 +it's got I am still has some thoughts + +1:19:25.769,1:19:27.239 +it's not for us + +1:19:27.239,1:19:30.000 +but it does have video + +1:19:30.000,1:19:33.429 +for additional not even to incoming and outgoing +calls + +1:19:33.429,1:19:36.480 +but those are three + +1:19:36.480,1:19:39.969 +except for incoming board calls + +1:19:39.969,1:19:43.789 +so that's kind of another thing he can do +cole porter N + +1:19:43.789,1:19:45.599 +it does have a voice-mail + +1:19:45.599,1:19:49.479 +the and why everything here is that it's all +a matter of book + +1:19:49.479,1:19:54.020 +which by the way are in general not integrated +with one another so you have to have + +1:19:54.020,1:19:56.590 +one address + +1:19:56.590,1:19:58.849 +contacted you want to have happen + +1:19:58.849,1:20:01.849 +five or six for a and return address book + +1:20:01.849,1:20:06.360 +and of course I shall I use primarily because +then you scream saying + +1:20:06.360,1:20:08.280 +to know about my mom + +1:20:08.280,1:20:12.000 +when she has a problem and I don't want to +drive up your house + +1:20:12.000,1:20:16.300 +%uh on by will go into all of these details +is the know + +1:20:16.300,1:20:19.810 +there's almost no immigration on adverse book +which is a disaster + +1:20:19.810,1:20:22.869 +these things overlap in major ways + +1:20:22.869,1:20:23.909 +I've got it + +1:20:23.909,1:20:27.479 +a google voice number now that came forward + +1:20:27.479,1:20:31.599 +sue my laptop live on the road but it also +brings it home + +1:20:31.599,1:20:35.299 + but I don't have a way to get that UK +number + +1:20:35.299,1:20:38.269 +to follow me around even though i'd like to + +1:20:38.269,1:20:41.500 +it's like a person getting immigration going + +1:20:41.500,1:20:42.719 +properly out + +1:20:42.719,1:20:44.720 +and what you have today is + +1:20:44.720,1:20:46.700 +in the mind message in + +1:20:46.700,1:20:48.229 +you have any clothes + +1:20:48.229,1:20:49.669 +of this + +1:20:49.669,1:20:52.889 +where they were were around in the day + +1:20:52.889,1:20:53.879 +don't know + +1:20:53.879,1:20:55.250 +that's where you know + +1:20:55.250,1:20:58.319 +peres would look like that was an original +e-mail + +1:20:58.319,1:21:00.650 +are a real legitimate email address + +1:21:00.650,1:21:02.399 +yeah + +1:21:02.399,1:21:07.110 +I didn't forget percent couldn't figure out how to +put that in there + +1:21:07.110,1:21:08.860 + that + +1:21:08.860,1:21:10.880 +it could be from Texas + +1:21:10.880,1:21:14.279 + + +1:21:14.279,1:21:17.330 +I I'm going to talk him into it + +1:21:17.330,1:21:21.670 +some groups who is advertising here if you're +interested in the e-mail message in + +1:21:21.670,1:21:26.000 +the conference on the melody spam is coming +up in July and mountain view + +1:21:26.000,1:21:29.480 +take a look at the web site + +1:21:29.480,1:21:36.480 +thank you very much and are there any questions + +1:21:37.139,1:21:38.820 +I answered everything + +1:21:38.820,1:21:40.329 +a lot of so-called + +1:21:40.329,1:21:46.760 +you're so long + +1:21:46.760,1:21:48.090 +okay what is without doubt + +1:21:48.090,1:21:51.320 +a little early for policy then I will be around + +1:21:51.320,1:21:52.599 +on the rest of the day + +1:21:52.599,1:21:54.960 +a few + +1:21:54.960,1:22:01.960 +what they're asking thing also + +1:22:05.650,1:22:06.760 +the IRS + +1:22:06.760,1:22:11.679 +I was not something I was doing I started +off with the initial design + +1:22:11.679,1:22:12.979 +of parents + +1:22:12.979,1:22:15.010 +how close are slim + +1:22:15.010,1:22:16.280 +was working on it + +1:22:16.280,1:22:18.280 + we concluded + +1:22:18.280,1:22:19.840 +at the company + +1:22:19.840,1:22:24.079 +that sent a text was not going to be + +1:22:24.079,1:22:28.349 +significantly better than postfix and it +certainly wasn't going to be ready anytime + +1:22:28.349,1:22:29.789 +since close as eight + +1:22:29.789,1:22:31.520 +great voter + +1:22:31.520,1:22:33.059 + but hes very + +1:22:33.059,1:22:35.020 +careful + +1:22:35.020,1:22:36.219 +that means he's not + +1:22:36.219,1:22:38.199 +really all that clear + +1:22:38.199,1:22:41.090 +and so we look at it and said + +1:22:41.090,1:22:45.840 +worth it to us to do this he is remanded + +1:22:45.840,1:22:48.300 +and there on the line + +1:22:48.300,1:22:52.210 +I think it's insider and she a one-dot or +her + +1:22:52.210,1:22:52.980 +the + +1:22:52.980,1:22:55.820 +and ETA one dot org I don't remember + +1:22:55.820,1:22:58.610 +which and so you can download it but I don't +know about + +1:22:58.610,1:23:02.510 +certainly he's working on that now + +1:23:02.510,1:23:06.989 +as I just said by the way I'm working on some +stuff in sendmail eight mostly stuff like + +1:23:06.989,1:23:11.739 +the IRS tensions what I don't know when or +if that's going to get released + +1:23:11.739,1:23:15.179 +why is not a priority for the company right +now + +1:23:15.179,1:23:16.139 +and + +1:23:16.139,1:23:20.189 +all of them so I'm hoping to do is to a private +release outflow + +1:23:20.189,1:23:23.230 +do not use this under any circumstances + +1:23:23.230,1:23:24.869 +et cetera kind of + +1:23:24.869,1:23:25.840 +release + +1:23:25.840,1:23:32.840 +but we'll see + +1:23:36.409,1:23:43.409 +so the question is who owns the market + +1:23:54.820,1:23:57.309 +that so there's two things there one it is + +1:23:57.309,1:23:59.830 +don't have any steps on all what + +1:23:59.830,1:24:02.109 +it's often e-mail servers are using + +1:24:02.109,1:24:05.860 +that information there used to be some +places that + +1:24:05.860,1:24:08.079 +did and publish it for free + +1:24:08.079,1:24:09.460 +but they have started + +1:24:09.460,1:24:10.320 +charging money for it + +1:24:10.320,1:24:12.670 +a lot of money for + +1:24:12.670,1:24:13.650 +and I'm so + +1:24:13.650,1:24:19.800 +so I don't have anything really recent but +from what I can determine piecing together + +1:24:19.800,1:24:22.750 +on sendmail is still the largest + +1:24:22.750,1:24:25.690 +and she a in terms of America + +1:24:25.690,1:24:28.449 +numbers out there are leave of + +1:24:28.449,1:24:30.460 +microsoft number two + +1:24:30.460,1:24:32.239 +what is + +1:24:32.239,1:24:33.980 +senate although it is a problem + +1:24:33.980,1:24:35.210 +thirty percent + +1:24:35.210,1:24:39.219 +something like that in my interest also around + +1:24:39.219,1:24:39.720 +of + +1:24:39.720,1:24:42.739 +maybe twenty percent of that everyone else +breaks up the + +1:24:42.739,1:24:45.029 +fifty percent so + +1:24:45.029,1:24:47.070 +on the other hand but + +1:24:47.070,1:24:48.919 +I'm afraid that's + +1:24:48.919,1:24:52.350 +speculative speculation and tribulations + +1:24:52.350,1:24:53.350 +%um + +1:24:53.350,1:24:56.599 +the second question is can we use in essence +you're doing + +1:24:56.599,1:24:59.729 +well we're just MTV's to improve the situation + +1:24:59.729,1:25:02.709 +yes i'd love to do that + +1:25:02.709,1:25:07.319 +there was a time when that would have been +easier for me when + +1:25:07.319,1:25:12.029 +when really seventy percent of the network +according to send mail and they mostly upgraded + +1:25:12.029,1:25:13.840 +fairly quickly + +1:25:13.840,1:25:17.860 +I no longer have that kind of leverage + +1:25:17.860,1:25:22.530 +people have gotten much more reluctant to +upgrade the rail sir + +1:25:22.530,1:25:26.099 +now I can't talk the visa into doing it +too + +1:25:26.099,1:25:28.380 +then we might actually have something + +1:25:28.380,1:25:35.380 +we were in a state like utah microsoft int doing it + yeah that's likely + +1:25:37.010,1:25:39.489 +the window of opportunity could be close + +1:25:39.489,1:25:41.889 +and once again I would love to do that + +1:25:41.889,1:25:44.050 +but he is just not + +1:25:44.050,1:25:47.739 +I I I do work for commercial companies not + +1:25:47.739,1:25:51.949 +reasonable for them to pay me to do that right +now it's not a priority + +1:25:51.949,1:25:54.260 +and so I can't do it on my own + +1:25:54.260,1:25:56.190 +that would like + +1:25:56.190,1:26:00.500 +I am doing some stuff on my own but there +are limits to what I can do a very old and + +1:26:00.500,1:26:02.709 +I was twenty five years ago + +1:26:02.709,1:26:05.829 +so that and can no longer pull those all nighters + +1:26:05.829,1:26:09.109 +every night for a week + +1:26:09.109,1:26:16.109 +any other questions + +1:26:16.859,1:26:20.900 +silence all right + +1:26:20.900,1:26:21.480 +thank you very much