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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><link rev="made" href="doc@FreeBSD.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="description" content="The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the 10.0-STABLE development line. This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented." /></head><body><div class="article"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp60654928"></a>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</h1></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">The FreeBSD Project</span></h3></div></div><div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright © 2000-2014 The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"><a id="trademarks"></a><p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><link rev="made" href="doc@FreeBSD.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="description" content="The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the 10.0-STABLE development line. This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented." /></head><body><div class="article"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp60650832"></a>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</h1></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">The FreeBSD Project</span></h3></div></div><div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright © 2000-2014 The FreeBSD Documentation
Project</p></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"><a id="trademarks"></a><p>FreeBSD is a registered trademark of
the FreeBSD Foundation.</p><p>IBM, AIX, OS/2, the FreeBSD Foundation.</p><p>IBM, AIX, OS/2,
PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are
trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the
@ -17,66 +18,63 @@
as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document,
and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the
designations have been followed by the <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">&#8482;</span>&#8221;</span> or the designations have been followed by the <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">&#8482;</span>&#8221;</span> or the
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">®</span>&#8221;</span> symbol.</p></div></div><div>Last modified on 2014-01-14 by gjb.</div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="abstract"><div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div><p>The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain a summary <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">®</span>&#8221;</span> symbol.</p></div></div><div>Last modified on 2014-01-14 by gjb.</div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="abstract"><div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div><p>The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain
of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the
10.0-STABLE development line. 10.0-STABLE development line. This document lists
This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and
kernel and userland. userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented.</p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#intro">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#new">2. What's New</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#upgrade">3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="intro"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD presented.</p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#intro">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#new">2. What's New</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#upgrade">3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="intro"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p>This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD
10.0-RELEASE. It 10.0-RELEASE. It describes recently added, changed, or
describes recently added, changed, or deleted features of FreeBSD. deleted features of FreeBSD. It also provides some notes on
It also provides some notes on upgrading upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p><p>The latest, up-to-date version of the release notes are
from previous versions of FreeBSD.</p><p>The latest, up-to-date version of the release notes are available online at <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html</a></code>.</p><p>The snapshot distribution to
available online at <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html</a></code>.</p><p>The snapshot distribution to which these release notes which these release notes apply represents a point along the
apply represents a point along the 10.0-STABLE development 10.0-STABLE development branch between 10.0-CURRENT and the
branch between 10.0-CURRENT and the future 10.1-RELEASE. future 10.1-RELEASE. Information regarding pre-built, binary
Information regarding snapshot distributions along this branch can be found at
pre-built, binary snapshot distributions along this branch <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a></code>.</p><p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
can be found at <code class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a></code>.</p><p>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
installing FreeBSD. The errata document is updated with installing FreeBSD. The errata document is updated with
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">late-breaking</span>&#8221;</span> information discovered late in the <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">late-breaking</span>&#8221;</span> information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to
documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for FreeBSD documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for FreeBSD
10.0-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.</p></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="new"></a>2. What's New</h2></div></div></div><p>This section describes 10.0-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site.</p></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="new"></a>2. What's New</h2></div></div></div><p>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed
the most user-visible new or changed features in FreeBSD features in FreeBSD since 10.0-CURRENT. In general, changes
since 10.0-CURRENT. described here are unique to the 10.0-STABLE branch unless
In general, changes described here are unique to the 10.0-STABLE specifically marked as MERGED features.</p><p>Typical release note items document recent security advisories
branch unless specifically marked as MERGED features. issued after 10.0-CURRENT, new drivers or hardware support, new
</p><p>Typical release note items commands or options, major bug fixes, or contributed software
document recent security advisories issued after upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or
10.0-CURRENT, release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot
new drivers or hardware support, new commands or options, list every single change made to FreeBSD between releases; this
major bug fixes, or contributed software upgrades. They may also document focuses primarily on security advisories, user-visible
list changes to major ports/packages or release engineering changes, and major architectural improvements.</p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="security"></a>2.1. Security Advisories</h3></div></div></div><p>No security advisories.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel"></a>2.2. Kernel Changes</h3></div></div></div><p>The use of unmapped VMIO buffers
practices. Clearly the release notes cannot list every single eliminates the need to perform TLB shootdown for mapping on
change made to FreeBSD between releases; this document focuses buffer creation and reuse, greatly reducing the amount of IPIs
primarily on security advisories, user-visible changes, and major for shootdown on big-SMP machines and eliminating up to 25-30%
architectural improvements.</p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="security"></a>2.1. Security Advisories</h3></div></div></div><p>No security advisories.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel"></a>2.2. Kernel Changes</h3></div></div></div><p>The use of unmapped VMIO buffers eliminates the need to perform of the system time on i/o intensive workloads.</p><p>The maximum amount of memory
TLB shootdown for mapping on buffer creation and reuse, greatly reducing the the FreeBSD kernel can address has been increased from 1TB to
amount of IPIs for shootdown on big-SMP machines and eliminating up to 25-30% 4TB.</p><p>A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&amp;sektion=2"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(2)</span></a> API has been added for thread to CPU
of the system time on i/o intensive workloads.</p><p>The maximum amount of memory the FreeBSD kernel binding and CPU resource grouping and assignment. The
can address has been increased from 1TB to 4TB.</p><p>A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&amp;sektion=2"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(2)</span></a> API has been added <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(1)</span></a> userland utility has been added to allow
for thread to CPU binding and CPU resource grouping and manipulation of processor sets.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> kernel debugger now has an
assignment. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpuset&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpuset</span>(1)</span></a> userland utility has been added output capture facility. Input and output from <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> can
to allow manipulation of processor sets.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> kernel debugger now has an output capture now be captured to a memory buffer for later inspection using
facility. Input and output from <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> can now be captured <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> or a textdump. The new
to a memory buffer for later inspection using <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> or <code class="command">capture</code> command controls this feature.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> debugger now supports a simple
a textdump. The new <code class="command">capture</code> command controls scripting facility, which supports a set of named scripts
this feature.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> debugger now supports a simple scripting consisting of a set of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> commands. These commands can
facility, which supports a set of named scripts consisting of a be managed from within <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> or with the use of the new
set of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> commands. These commands can be managed from <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(8)</span></a> utility. More details can be found in the
within <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> or with the use of the new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(8)</span></a> <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> manual page.</p><p class="merged">The kernel now supports a new textdump format
utility. More details can be found in the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> manual of kernel dumps. A textdump provides higher-level information
page.</p><p class="merged">The kernel now supports a new textdump format of kernel via mechanically generated/extracted debugging output, rather
dumps. A textdump provides higher-level information via than a simple memory dump. This facility can be used to
mechanically generated/extracted debugging output, rather than a generate brief kernel bug reports that are rich in debugging
simple memory dump. This facility can be used to generate brief information, but are not dependent on kernel symbol tables or
kernel bug reports that are rich in debugging information, but precisely synchronized source code. More information can be
are not dependent on kernel symbol tables or precisely found in the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=textdump&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">textdump</span>(4)</span></a> manual page.</p><p>Kernel support for M:N threading has been removed. While
synchronized source code. More information can be found in the
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=textdump&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">textdump</span>(4)</span></a> manual page.</p><p>Kernel support for M:N threading has been removed. While
the KSE (Kernel Scheduled Entities) project was quite successful the KSE (Kernel Scheduled Entities) project was quite successful
in bringing threading to FreeBSD, the M:N approach taken by the in bringing threading to FreeBSD, the M:N approach taken by the
KSE library was never developed to its full potential. KSE library was never developed to its full potential.
@ -93,58 +91,68 @@
in <code class="filename">GENERIC</code> kernels.</p><p>Support was added for in <code class="filename">GENERIC</code> kernels.</p><p>Support was added for
the new Intel on-CPU Bull Mountain random number the new Intel on-CPU Bull Mountain random number
generator, found on IvyBridge and supposedly later CPUs, generator, found on IvyBridge and supposedly later CPUs,
accessible with the RDRAND instruction.</p><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-virtualization"></a>2.2.1. Virtualization support</h4></div></div></div><p>The BSD Hypervisor, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> is included accessible with the RDRAND instruction.</p><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-virtualization"></a>2.2.1. Virtualization support</h4></div></div></div><p>The BSD Hypervisor,
with FreeBSD. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> requires Intel CPUs with VT-x and Extended Page Table (EPT) <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> is included with FreeBSD. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> requires
support. These features are on all Nehalem models and beyond Intel CPUs with VT-x and Extended Page Table (EPT) support.
(e.g. Nehalem and newer), but not on the lower-end Atom CPUs.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> support has been added. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> is the These features are on all Nehalem models and beyond (e.g.
name for the paravirtualization interface developed for the Linux KVM, but Nehalem and newer), but not on the lower-end Atom CPUs.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> support has been added.
since adopted to other virtual machine hypervisors (with the notable exception of Xen). <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> is the name for the paravirtualization
This work brings in a BSD-licensed clean-room implementation of the virtio kernel drivers interface developed for the Linux KVM, but since adopted to
for disk IO (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_blk&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_blk</span>(4)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_scsi&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_scsi</span>(4)</span></a>), network IO (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vtnet&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vtnet</span>(4)</span></a>), other virtual machine hypervisors (with the notable exception
memory ballooning (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_balloon&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_balloon</span>(4)</span></a>), and PCI. of Xen). This work brings in a BSD-licensed clean-room
Tested with on Qemu/KVM, VirtualBox, and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(4)</span></a>.</p><p>Paravirtualized drivers which implementation of the virtio kernel drivers for disk IO
support Microsoft Hyper-V have been imported and made (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_blk&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_blk</span>(4)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_scsi&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_scsi</span>(4)</span></a>), network IO
part of the amd64 GENERIC kernel. For i386, these drivers are not part of (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vtnet&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vtnet</span>(4)</span></a>), memory ballooning (<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_balloon&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_balloon</span>(4)</span></a>),
GENERIC, so the following lines must be added to and PCI. Tested with on Qemu/KVM, VirtualBox, and
<code class="filename">/boot/loader.conf</code> to load these drivers: <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(4)</span></a>.</p><p>Paravirtualized
</p><pre class="programlisting">hv_ata_pci_disengage_load="YES" drivers which support Microsoft Hyper-V have been imported and
made part of the amd64 GENERIC kernel. For i386, these
drivers are not part of GENERIC, so the following lines must
be added to <code class="filename">/boot/loader.conf</code> to load
these drivers:</p><pre class="programlisting">hv_ata_pci_disengage_load="YES"
hv_netsvc_load="YES" hv_netsvc_load="YES"
hv_utils_load="YES" hv_utils_load="YES"
hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p> Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to the i386 hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p>Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to the
kernel by adding <code class="literal">device hyperv</code> to the kernel config, and then i386 kernel by adding <code class="literal">device hyperv</code> to the
recompiling the kernel. Please refer to kernel config, and then recompiling the kernel. Please refer
<a class="link" href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/HyperV" target="_top">FreeBSD and Microsoft Windows Server Hyper-V support</a> to <a class="link" href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/HyperV" target="_top">FreeBSD
for full instructions on how to set up Hyper-V support under FreeBSD.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added. and Microsoft Windows Server Hyper-V support</a> for full
instructions on how to set up Hyper-V support under
FreeBSD.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added.
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> is a VMware VMXNET3 ethernet driver ported from <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> is a VMware VMXNET3 ethernet driver ported from
OpenBSD.</p><p>Xen PVHVM virtualization is now OpenBSD.</p><p>Xen PVHVM
part of the GENERIC kernel.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-arm"></a>2.2.2. ARM support</h4></div></div></div><p>Raspberry PI support has been added. virtualization is now part of the GENERIC kernel.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-arm"></a>2.2.2. ARM support</h4></div></div></div><p>Raspberry PI support has been added.
Refer to these <a class="link" href="http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=164" target="_top">setup instructions</a> Refer to these <a class="link" href="http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=164" target="_top">setup
and this <a class="link" href="http://www.raspberrypi.org/quick-start-guide" target="_top">quick start instructions</a> and this <a class="link" href="http://www.raspberrypi.org/quick-start-guide" target="_top">quick
guide</a>.</p><p>The default ABI on ARM is now the ARM EABI. This brings a number of start guide</a>.</p><p>The default ABI on ARM is now the ARM
improvements and allows future support for VFP and Thumb-2.</p><p>ARM support has been greatly improved, including support EABI. This brings a number of improvements and allows future
for ARMv6 and ARMv7, SMP and thread-local storage (TLS). support for VFP and Thumb-2.</p><p>ARM support has been greatly improved,
Additionally support for some newer SoC like the MV78x60 and OMAP4 was added. including support for ARMv6 and ARMv7, SMP and thread-local
See the <a class="link" href="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-arm/2012-August/003757.html" target="_top">announcement</a> storage (TLS). Additionally support for some newer SoC like
for further details.</p><p>Superpages support on ARM has been added. Superpages support the MV78x60 and OMAP4 was added. See the <a class="link" href="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-arm/2012-August/003757.html" target="_top">announcement</a>
provides improved performance and scalability by allowing TLB for further details.</p><p>Superpages support on ARM has been
translations to dynamically cover large physical memory regions. added. Superpages support provides improved performance and
All ARMv6 and ARMv7-based platforms can take advantage of this feature. scalability by allowing TLB translations to dynamically cover
See the <a class="link" href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/ARMSuperpages" target="_top">ARM Superpages status</a> large physical memory regions. All ARMv6 and ARMv7-based
page for further details.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="boot"></a>2.2.3. Boot Loader Changes</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The BTX kernel used by the boot platforms can take advantage of this feature. See the <a class="link" href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/ARMSuperpages" target="_top">ARM
loader has been changed to invoke BIOS routines from real Superpages status</a> page for further details.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="boot"></a>2.2.3. Boot Loader Changes</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The BTX kernel used by the
boot loader has been changed to invoke BIOS routines from real
mode. This change makes it possible to boot FreeBSD from USB mode. This change makes it possible to boot FreeBSD from USB
devices.</p><p class="merged">A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gptboot&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gptboot</span>(8)</span></a> boot loader has devices.</p><p class="merged">A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gptboot&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gptboot</span>(8)</span></a> boot
been added to support booting from a GPT labeled disk. A loader has been added to support booting from a GPT labeled
new <code class="command">boot</code> command has been added to disk. A new <code class="command">boot</code> command has been added to
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpart&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gpart</span>(8)</span></a>, which makes a GPT disk bootable by writing the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gpart&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">gpart</span>(8)</span></a>, which makes a GPT disk bootable by writing the
required bits of the boot loader, creating a new boot required bits of the boot loader, creating a new boot
partition if required.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="proc"></a>2.2.4. Hardware Support</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for Omnikey CardMan 4040 partition if required.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="proc"></a>2.2.4. Hardware Support</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for Omnikey
PCMCIA smartcard readers, has been added.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports the Colemak keyboard layout.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uslcom&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">uslcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for Silicon CardMan 4040 PCMCIA smartcard readers, has been added.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=syscons&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">syscons</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports the Colemak
Laboratories CP2101/CP2102-based USB serial adapters, has been keyboard layout.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uslcom&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">uslcom</span>(4)</span></a> driver, a driver for
imported from OpenBSD.</p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="mm"></a>2.2.4.1. Multimedia Support</h5></div></div></div><p>Support for version 2.0 of the USB Audio reference design Silicon Laboratories CP2101/CP2102-based USB serial adapters,
has been added. New devices should support higher bandwidth, has been imported from OpenBSD.</p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="mm"></a>2.2.4.1. Multimedia Support</h5></div></div></div><p>Support for version 2.0 of the USB
increased sampling frequency and wider dynamic range.</p></div><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-if"></a>2.2.4.2. Network Interface Support</h5></div></div></div><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ale&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ale</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added to provide support Audio reference design has been added. New devices should
for Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit/Fast Ethernet controllers.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been split into two drivers support higher bandwidth, increased sampling frequency and
wider dynamic range.</p></div><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-if"></a>2.2.4.2. Network Interface Support</h5></div></div></div><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ale&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ale</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added to provide support
for Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit/Fast Ethernet
controllers.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been split into two drivers
with some common parts. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver will continue with some common parts. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver will continue
to support adapters up to the 82575, as well as new to support adapters up to the 82575, as well as new
client/desktop adapters. A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=igb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">igb</span>(4)</span></a> driver client/desktop adapters. A new <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=igb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">igb</span>(4)</span></a> driver
@ -160,114 +168,131 @@ hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p> Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to
support.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been overhauled to fix a support.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been overhauled to fix a
number of outstanding issues. It also now works on all number of outstanding issues. It also now works on all
architectures.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wpi&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">wpi</span>(4)</span></a> driver has architectures.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wpi&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">wpi</span>(4)</span></a> driver has
been updated to include a number of stability fixes.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cxgbe&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cxgbe</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been updated to support been updated to include a number of stability fixes.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cxgbe&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cxgbe</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
40G/10G Ethernet NICs based on Chelsio's Terminator 5 (T5) ASIC.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_cxgbe&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">if_cxgbe</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added. This is an updated to support 40G/10G Ethernet NICs based on Chelsio's
experimental iWARP/RDMA driver Terminator 5 (T5) ASIC.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=if_cxgbe&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">if_cxgbe</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
(kernel verbs only) for Chelsio's T4 and T5 based cards.</p><p>The Open Fabrics Enterprise Distribution (OFED) and added. This is an experimental iWARP/RDMA driver (kernel
OFED Infiniband core has been verbs only) for Chelsio's T4 and T5 based cards.</p><p>The Open Fabrics Enterprise
updated to the same version as supplied by Linux version 3.7</p><p>The Mellanox Infiniband driver has been updated to firmware Distribution (OFED) and OFED Infiniband core has been
version 2.30.3200 for ConnectX3 NICs. Support has been added for ConnectX3 VPI NICs, where updated to the same version as supplied by Linux version
each port can be used as Infiniband 56 GB/s or Ethernet 40 GB/s. Support has been added 3.7</p><p>The Mellanox Infiniband driver has
for dynamically loading kernel modules for Infiniband core (ibcore) and been updated to firmware version 2.30.3200 for ConnectX3
IP over Infiniband (ipoib).</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> has been added. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> is a framework for NICs. Support has been added for ConnectX3 VPI NICs, where
high-performance direct-to-hardware packet IO, offering low latency and high PPS each port can be used as Infiniband 56 GB/s or Ethernet 40
rates to userland applications while bypassing any kernel-side packet processing. GB/s. Support has been added for dynamically loading kernel
With <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> it is trivially possible to fully saturate a 10 Gbps network interface with modules for Infiniband core (ibcore) and IP over Infiniband
minimal packet sizes. For more information, see: (ipoib).</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> has been added.
<a class="link" href="http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/" target="_top">Netmap Project</a>.</p></div></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-proto"></a>2.2.5. Network Protocols</h4></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> has been rewritten to make addresses <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> is a framework for high-performance
more sane from the viewpoint of routing daemons such as direct-to-hardware packet IO, offering low latency and high
quagga/zebra. It also brings support for a single redundant PPS rates to userland applications while bypassing any
kernel-side packet processing. With <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> it is
trivially possible to fully saturate a 10 Gbps network
interface with minimal packet sizes. For more information,
see: <a class="link" href="http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/" target="_top">Netmap
Project</a>.</p></div></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-proto"></a>2.2.5. Network Protocols</h4></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> has been rewritten to make
addresses more sane from the viewpoint of routing daemons such
as quagga/zebra. It also brings support for a single redundant
address on the subnet (carpdev), switching state with address on the subnet (carpdev), switching state with
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, better locking and using modern kernel <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, better locking and using modern kernel
interfaces to allocate multicast memberships. interfaces to allocate multicast memberships. Configuration
Configuration of the CARP protocol via <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> has changed, as well as the format of the CARP protocol via <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> has changed, as well
of CARP events submitted to <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">devd</span>(8)</span></a>. See <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> as the format of CARP events submitted to <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">devd</span>(8)</span></a>. See
for more information. The arpbalance feature of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> is currently <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> for more information. The arpbalance feature of
not supported anymore.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pf</span>(4)</span></a> firewall now supports fine-grain locking <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> is currently not supported anymore.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pf</span>(4)</span></a> firewall now supports
and better utilization on multi-CPU machines, resulting in fine-grain locking and better utilization on multi-CPU
significant improvements in performance.</p><p>Support for up to 65536 routing tables has been machines, resulting in significant improvements in
introduced.</p><p>Support for setting/matching differentiated services performance.</p><p>Support for up to 65536 routing tables
codepoints (DSCP) in IP header has been added to has been introduced.</p><p>Support for setting/matching
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="disks"></a>2.2.6. Disks and Storage</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports volumes larger than differentiated services codepoints (DSCP) in IP header has
2TB in size.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports a spindown command for been added to <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="disks"></a>2.2.6. Disks and Storage</h4></div></div></div><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports volumes
larger than 2TB in size.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports a spindown command for
disks; after a configurable amount of time, if no requests disks; after a configurable amount of time, if no requests
have been received for a disk, the disk will be spun down have been received for a disk, the disk will be spun down
until the next request. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a> utility now until the next request. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=atacontrol&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">atacontrol</span>(8)</span></a> utility now
supports a <code class="command">spindown</code> command to configure supports a <code class="command">spindown</code> command to configure
this feature.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptrr&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">hptrr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been updated to version 1.2 this feature.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptrr&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">hptrr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been updated to
from Highpoint.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvme&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvme</span>(4)</span></a> has been added and provides NVM Express support. version 1.2 from Highpoint.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvme&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvme</span>(4)</span></a> has been added and provides
NVM Express is an optimized register interface, command set and feature set of NVM Express support. NVM Express is an optimized register
PCI Express (PCIe)-based Solid-State Drives (SSDs). For more information, interface, command set and feature set of PCI Express
see <a class="link" href="http://www.nvmexpress.org/" target="_top">nvmexpress.org</a>.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs"></a>2.2.7. File Systems</h4></div></div></div><p>A new kernel-based iSCSI target and initiator has been (PCIe)-based Solid-State Drives (SSDs). For more information,
added.</p><p>UFS filesystems can now be enlarged with <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growfs&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">growfs</span>(8)</span></a> while see <a class="link" href="http://www.nvmexpress.org/" target="_top">nvmexpress.org</a>.</p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs"></a>2.2.7. File Systems</h4></div></div></div><p>A new kernel-based iSCSI target and
mounted read-write. This is especially useful for virtual initiator has been added.</p><p>UFS filesystems can now be enlarged with
machines, allowing the addition of more harddrive space without <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growfs&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">growfs</span>(8)</span></a> while mounted read-write. This is especially
interruption of service.</p><p>A state of the art FUSE implementation is now part of the useful for virtual machines, allowing the addition of more
base system. It allows the use of nearly all fusefs file harddrive space without interruption of service.</p><p>A state of the art FUSE implementation
systems.</p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs-zfs"></a>2.2.7.1. ZFS</h5></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now supports installing is now part of the base system. It allows the use of nearly
ZFS on the root file system. It includes a single configuration menu all fusefs file systems.</p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs-zfs"></a>2.2.7.1. ZFS</h5></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now supports installing
that allows you to select all of the required details, including ZFS on the root file system. It includes a single
which drives to use, what ZFS RAID level to use (taking into consideration configuration menu that allows you to select all of the
the selected number of drives), GPT or MBR, GELI encryption, forcing 4K sectors, required details, including which drives to use, what ZFS
pool name, etc.</p><p>TRIM support has been added for RAID level to use (taking into consideration the selected
ZFS.</p><p>Support for the high-performance LZ4 compression algorithm number of drives), GPT or MBR, GELI encryption, forcing 4K
has been added to ZFS. LZ4 is usually faster and can achieve a sectors, pool name, etc.</p><p>TRIM support has been added for
higher compression ratio than LZJB, the default compression ZFS.</p><p>Support for the high-performance LZ4
algorithm.</p><p>Support for L2ARC compression has been added to ZFS.</p><p>The zio nop-write improvement from Illumos compression algorithm has been added to ZFS. LZ4 is usually
was imported into FreeBSD. To reduce I/O, nop-write skips overwriting faster and can achieve a higher compression ratio than LZJB,
data if the (cryptographically secure) checksum of new data the default compression algorithm.</p><p>Support for L2ARC compression has been
matches the checksum of existing data. It also saves space if added to ZFS.</p><p>The zio nop-write improvement from
snapshots are in use. This improvement only works on Illumos was imported into FreeBSD. To reduce I/O, nop-write
datasets with enabled compression, disabled deduplication and skips overwriting data if the (cryptographically secure)
sha256 checksums. ZFS will now compare the checksums of incoming writes to checksum of new data matches the checksum of existing data.
the checksum of the existing on-disk data and avoid issuing any It also saves space if snapshots are in use. This
write I/O for data that has not changed. This will reduce I/O improvement only works on datasets with enabled compression,
as well as space usage because if the old block is referenced disabled deduplication and sha256 checksums. ZFS will now
by a snapshot, both copies of the block are kept even though compare the checksums of incoming writes to the checksum of
the existing on-disk data and avoid issuing any write I/O
for data that has not changed. This will reduce I/O as well
as space usage because if the old block is referenced by
a snapshot, both copies of the block are kept even though
both contain the same data.</p></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="userland"></a>2.3. Userland Changes</h3></div></div></div><p>On platforms where <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> is the default both contain the same data.</p></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="userland"></a>2.3. Userland Changes</h3></div></div></div><p>On platforms where <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> is the default
system compiler (such as i386, amd64, arm), GCC and GNU libstdc++ are no system compiler (such as i386, amd64, arm), GCC and GNU libstdc++ are no
longer built by default. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and libc++ from LLVM are used on longer built by default. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and libc++ from LLVM are used on
these platforms by instead. GCC 4.2.1 and libstdc++ are still built these platforms by instead. GCC 4.2.1 and libstdc++ are still built
and used by default on pc98 and all other platforms where <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and used by default on pc98 and all other platforms where <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a>
is not the default system compiler. is not the default system compiler.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and llvm have been updated to
</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and llvm have been updated to version 3.3 release. Please refer to <a class="link" href="http://llvm.org/releases/3.3/tools/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html" target="_top">
version 3.3 release. Please refer to Clang 3.3 Release Notes</a>.</p><p class="merged">BIND has been replaced by
<a class="link" href="http://llvm.org/releases/3.3/tools/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html" target="_top"> <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unbound&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">unbound</span>(8)</span></a> for local DNS resolution in the base system.
Clang 3.3 Release Notes</a>.</p><p class="merged">BIND has been replaced by <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unbound&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">unbound</span>(8)</span></a> for With this change, nslookup and dig are no longer a part of the
local DNS resolution in the base system. With this change, nslookup base system. Users should instead use <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=host&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span></a> and
and dig are no longer a part of the base system. Users should <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=drill&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">drill</span>(1)</span></a> Alternatively, nslookup and dig can be obtained by
instead use <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=host&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=drill&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">drill</span>(1)</span></a> Alternatively, installing the dns/bind-tools port.</p><p>sysinstall has been removed from the base
nslookup and dig can be obtained by installing the system. Auxiliary libraries and tools used by sysinstall such
dns/bind-tools port.</p><p>sysinstall has been removed from the base system. as libdisk, libftpio, and sade have also been removed.
Auxiliary libraries and tools used by sysinstall such as libdisk, libftpio, sysinstall has been replaced by <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> and
and sade have also been removed. sysinstall has been replaced by <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-version&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-version</span>(1)</span></a> has been added.
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-version&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-version</span>(1)</span></a> has been added. This tool This tool makes a best effort to determine the version and patch
makes a best effort to determine the version and patch level of level of the installed kernel and userland.</p><p>GNU patch has been removed from the base
the installed kernel and userland.</p><p>GNU patch has been removed from the base system, and replaced system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">patch</span>(1)</span></a>
by a BSD-licensed <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">patch</span>(1)</span></a> program.</p><p>GNU sort has been removed from the base system, and replaced program.</p><p>GNU sort has been removed from the base
by a BSD-licensed <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sort&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sort</span>(1)</span></a> program.</p><p>Berkely yacc (byacc) has been imported system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sort&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sort</span>(1)</span></a>
from <a class="link" href="http://invisible-island.net/byacc/" target="_top">invisible island</a>. program.</p><p>Berkely yacc (byacc) has been imported
This brings bison compatibilities to <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a> while preserving full from <a class="link" href="http://invisible-island.net/byacc/" target="_top">invisible
backwards compatibility with previous version of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lex&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lex</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced by flex 2.5.37.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">make</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced with the island</a>. This brings bison compatibilities to
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Portable</span>&#8221;</span> BSD make tool (bmake) from NetBSD.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> utility now supports <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a> while preserving full backwards compatibility with
previous version of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lex&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lex</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced by flex
2.5.37.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">make</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced with the
<span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Portable</span>&#8221;</span> BSD make tool (bmake) from
NetBSD.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> utility now supports
a <code class="option">-M</code> option to set the mode of a new user's a <code class="option">-M</code> option to set the mode of a new user's
home directory.</p><p>BSD-licensed versions of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ar</span>(1)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ranlib&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ranlib</span>(1)</span></a>, home directory.</p><p>BSD-licensed versions of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ar</span>(1)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ranlib&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ranlib</span>(1)</span></a>,
based on <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, have replaced the GNU based on <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, have replaced the GNU Binutils
Binutils versions of these utilities.</p><p>BSD-licensed versions of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bc</span>(1)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dc</span>(1)</span></a> have versions of these utilities.</p><p>BSD-licensed versions of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bc</span>(1)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dc</span>(1)</span></a> have
replaced their GNU counterparts.</p><p class="merged"><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a <code class="option">-v</code> flag for replaced their GNU counterparts.</p><p class="merged"><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> now supports
verbose output and a <code class="option">-f</code> flag to ignore errors a <code class="option">-v</code> flag for verbose output and
with the same semantics as (for example) a <code class="option">-f</code> flag to ignore errors with the same
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chmod</span>(1)</span></a>.</p><p>For compatibility with other implementations, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cp</span>(1)</span></a> now semantics as (for example) <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chmod</span>(1)</span></a>.</p><p>For compatibility with other implementations, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cp</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <code class="option">-a</code> flag, which is equivalent to supports a <code class="option">-a</code> flag, which is equivalent to
specifying the <code class="option">-RrP</code> flags.</p><p>BSD-licensed version of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> based on specifying the <code class="option">-RrP</code> flags.</p><p>BSD-licensed version of <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> based on
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, has replaced the GNU cpio. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, has replaced the GNU cpio. Note that the
Note that the GNU cpio is still installed as GNU cpio is still installed as
<code class="filename">gcpio</code>.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=env&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">env</span>(1)</span></a> program now supports <code class="option">-u <code class="filename">gcpio</code>.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=env&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">env</span>(1)</span></a> program now supports <code class="option">-u
<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code> which will completely
which will completely unset the given variable unset the given variable <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> by
<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> by removing it from the environment, removing it from the environment, instead of just setting it to
instead of just setting it to a null value.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdopendir&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fdopendir</span>(3)</span></a> library function has been added.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(3)</span></a> library now supports HTTP 1.1 a null value.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdopendir&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fdopendir</span>(3)</span></a> library function has been
If-Modified-Since behavior. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(1)</span></a> program now added.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(3)</span></a> library now supports HTTP
1.1 If-Modified-Since behavior. The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(1)</span></a> program now
supports <code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code> supports <code class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>
which will only download the specified HTTP URL if the content which will only download the specified HTTP URL if the content
is newer than <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">find</span>(1)</span></a> has been enhanced by the addition of a number is newer than <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">find</span>(1)</span></a> has been enhanced by the addition of a number
@ -284,10 +309,10 @@ hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p> Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to
It returned a non-zero value before this change.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procstat&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">procstat</span>(1)</span></a> utility has been added to display It returned a non-zero value before this change.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=procstat&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">procstat</span>(1)</span></a> utility has been added to display
detailed information about processes.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=realpath&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">realpath</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports detailed information about processes.</p><p class="merged">The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=realpath&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">realpath</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports
a <code class="option">-q</code> flag to suppress warnings; it now also a <code class="option">-q</code> flag to suppress warnings; it now also
accepts multiple paths on its command line.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sh</span>(1)</span></a> has many bug fixes, some new features, and will now accepts multiple paths on its command line.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sh</span>(1)</span></a> has many bug fixes, some new features, and will
refuse to parse some invalid scripts. Additionally, it now now refuse to parse some invalid scripts. Additionally, it now
has filename completion and defaults to the <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">emacs</span>&#8221;</span> editing has filename completion and defaults to the <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">emacs</span>&#8221;</span>
mode.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">split</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code class="option">-n</code> editing mode.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">split</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code class="option">-n</code>
flag to split a file into a certain number of chunks.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code class="option">-Z</code> flag to split a file into a certain number of chunks.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code class="option">-Z</code>
flag to enable <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">compress</span>(1)</span></a>-style flag to enable <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">compress</span>(1)</span></a>-style
compression/decompression.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a compression/decompression.</p><p>The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a
@ -299,8 +324,8 @@ hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p> Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to
return the process group ID for the session leader for the return the process group ID for the session leader for the
controlling terminal. It is defined in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 controlling terminal. It is defined in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
(POSIX).</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">top</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a <code class="option">-P</code> flag to (POSIX).</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">top</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a <code class="option">-P</code> flag to
provide per-CPU usage statistics.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> is now working properly on 64-bit architectures. provide per-CPU usage statistics.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> is now working properly on 64-bit
</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute</span>(8)</span></a> now has the ability to print the AS architectures.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute</span>(8)</span></a> now has the ability to print the AS
number for each hop with the new <code class="option">-a</code> switch; a number for each hop with the new <code class="option">-a</code> switch; a
new <code class="option">-A</code> option allows selecting a particular new <code class="option">-A</code> option allows selecting a particular
WHOIS server.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute6&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute6</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a <code class="option">-U</code> flag WHOIS server.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute6&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute6</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a <code class="option">-U</code> flag
@ -317,43 +342,51 @@ hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p> Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to
shutdown script</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The following <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> scripts have been removed:</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> Script</th><th><p>Reason</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="filename">encswap</code></td><td><p>Replaced by <code class="filename">swap</code> and shutdown script</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The following <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> scripts have been removed:</p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> Script</th><th><p>Reason</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="filename">encswap</code></td><td><p>Replaced by <code class="filename">swap</code> and
<code class="filename">swaplate</code></p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">named</code></td><td><p>Removed with <code class="filename">swaplate</code></p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">named</code></td><td><p>Removed with
<span class="application">BIND</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swap1</code></td><td><p>Replaced by <code class="filename">swap</code> and <span class="application">BIND</span></p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swap1</code></td><td><p>Replaced by <code class="filename">swap</code> and
<code class="filename">swaplate</code></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="contrib"></a>2.4. Contributed Software</h3></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jemalloc&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">jemalloc</span>(3)</span></a> has been updated to 3.4.0. <code class="filename">swaplate</code></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="contrib"></a>2.4. Contributed Software</h3></div></div></div><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jemalloc&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">jemalloc</span>(3)</span></a> has been updated to
See <a class="link" href="http://www.facebook.com/jemalloc/" target="_top">this link</a> 3.4.0. See <a class="link" href="http://www.facebook.com/jemalloc/" target="_top">this
for more details.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">AMD</span> has been updated from 6.0.10 link</a> for more details.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">AMD</span> has been
to 6.1.5.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">awk</span> has been updated from the 1 May updated from 6.0.10 to 6.1.5.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">awk</span> has been
2007 release to the 23 October 2007 release.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">bzip2</span> has been updated from 1.0.4 updated from the 1 May
to 1.0.5.</p><p><span class="application">CVS</span> has been removed from the 2007 release to the 23 October 2007 release.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">bzip2</span> has been
base system, but is still available from Ports Collection.</p><p>Subversion has been imported into the base system and updated from 1.0.4 to 1.0.5.</p><p><span class="application">CVS</span> has been
is installed as <span class="application">svnlite</span>. <span class="application">svnlite</span> removed from the base system, but is still available from Ports
should only be used for checking out the FreeBSD source trees and committing, and does not Collection.</p><p>Subversion has been imported into the base
replace the full Subversion port.</p><p><span class="application">file</span> has been updated to 5.11.</p><p><span class="application">hostapd</span> has been system and is installed as <span class="application">svnlite</span>.
updated from 0.5.8 to 0.5.10.</p><p><span class="application">IPFilter</span> has been updated to 5.1.2.</p><p><span class="application">less</span> has been updated to <span class="application">svnlite</span> should only be used for
v458.</p><p><span class="application">ncurses</span> has been updated checking out the FreeBSD source trees and committing, and does not
to 5.7-20081102.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">OpenSSH</span> has been updated replace the full Subversion port.</p><p><span class="application">file</span> has been
to 6.4.</p><p><span class="application">OpenPAM</span> has been updated to updated to 5.11.</p><p><span class="application">hostapd</span> has
the Micrampelis release.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">sendmail</span> has been updated from been updated from 0.5.8 to 0.5.10.</p><p><span class="application">IPFilter</span> has been updated to
8.14.1 to 8.14.7.</p><p class="merged">The timezone database has been updated from 5.1.2.</p><p><span class="application">less</span> has been
updated to v458.</p><p><span class="application">ncurses</span> has been updated to
5.7-20081102.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">OpenSSH</span> has been
updated to 6.4.</p><p><span class="application">OpenPAM</span> has
been updated to the Micrampelis release.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">sendmail</span> has been
updated from 8.14.1 to 8.14.7.</p><p class="merged">The timezone database has been updated from
the <span class="application">tzdata2008h</span> release to the <span class="application">tzdata2008h</span> release to
the <span class="application">tzdata2009m</span> release.</p><p>The stdtime part of libc, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zic&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zic</span>(8)</span></a> the <span class="application">tzdata2009m</span> release.</p><p>The stdtime part of libc, <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> and <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zic&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zic</span>(8)</span></a> have
have been updated from the <span class="application">tzcode2004a</span> been updated from the <span class="application">tzcode2004a</span>
release to the <span class="application">tzcode2009h</span> release. release to the <span class="application">tzcode2009h</span> release.
If you have upgraded from source or via the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>, If you have upgraded from source or via the
then please run <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tzsetup&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tzsetup</span>(8)</span></a> to install a new <code class="filename">/etc/localtime</code>. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>, then please run <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tzsetup&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tzsetup</span>(8)</span></a> to
</p><p><span class="application">WPA Supplicant</span> has been install a new <code class="filename">/etc/localtime</code>.</p><p><span class="application">WPA Supplicant</span>
updated to 2.0.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">xz</span> has been updated has been updated to 2.0.</p><p class="merged"><span class="application">xz</span> has been updated
from snapshot as of 12 April 2010 to 5.0.0.</p><p class="merged"><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> has been updated to 2.1.2.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> supports wide-character locales.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="ports"></a>2.5. Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</h3></div></div></div><p>The pkg_add, pkg_create, pkg_delete, pkg_info, from snapshot as of 12 April 2010 to 5.0.0.</p><p class="merged"><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> has been updated
pkg_updating, and pkg_version utilities have been removed. to 2.1.2.</p><p><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> supports wide-character
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> must now be used to install binary packages. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> locales.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="ports"></a>2.5. Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</h3></div></div></div><p>The pkg_add, pkg_create, pkg_delete,
is the next generation FreeBSD package manager, also referred to as <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">pkgng</span>&#8221;</span>.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="releng"></a>2.6. Release Engineering and Integration</h3></div></div></div><p class="merged">The supported version of pkg_info, pkg_updating, and pkg_version utilities have been
removed. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> must now be used to install binary
packages. <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> is the next generation FreeBSD package
manager, also referred to as <span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">pkgng</span>&#8221;</span>.</p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="releng"></a>2.6. Release Engineering and Integration</h3></div></div></div><p class="merged">The supported version of
the <span class="application">GNOME</span> desktop environment the <span class="application">GNOME</span> desktop environment
(<span class="package">x11/gnome2</span>) has been (<span class="package">x11/gnome2</span>) has been
updated from 2.20.1 to 2.22.</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="upgrade"></a>3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p>Beginning with FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE, updated from 2.20.1 to 2.22.</p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="upgrade"></a>3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p>Beginning with FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE, binary
binary upgrades between RELEASE versions (and snapshots of the upgrades between RELEASE versions (and snapshots of the various
various security branches) are supported using the security branches) are supported using the <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>
<a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility. The binary upgrade procedure will utility. The binary upgrade procedure will update unmodified
update unmodified userland utilities, as well as unmodified GENERIC or userland utilities, as well as unmodified GENERIC or SMP kernels
SMP kernels distributed as a part of an official FreeBSD release. distributed as a part of an official FreeBSD release. The
The <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility requires that the host being <a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility requires that the host being
upgraded have Internet connectivity.</p><p>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the FreeBSD upgraded have Internet connectivity.</p><p>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the FreeBSD
base system from source code) from previous versions are base system from source code) from previous versions are
supported, according to the instructions in supported, according to the instructions in