diff --git a/en/handbook/README b/en/handbook/README index dcc6b93d67..3903393432 100644 --- a/en/handbook/README +++ b/en/handbook/README @@ -386,3 +386,16 @@ for example, (e.g., the BSD Copyright), so you need to sit and bounce on the 'y' or 'n' key as appropriate for each occurence of a stop. + 35. Some paragraphs have leading space(s). E.g., + + There is some leading space here. + + Get rid of it, doing an emacs search/replace for + + +\([^ ]\) + + and replacing with + + \1 + + This can be done globally. diff --git a/en/handbook/handbook.sgml b/en/handbook/handbook.sgml index 7e05cf770f..b05769774f 100644 --- a/en/handbook/handbook.sgml +++ b/en/handbook/handbook.sgml @@ -2054,7 +2054,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent The FreeBSD Ports collection allows you to compile and install a very wide range of applications with a minimum of effort. - For all the hype about open standards, getting a program to work + For all the hype about open standards, getting a program to work on different versions of Unix in the real world can be a tedious and tricky business, as anyone who has tried it will know. You may be lucky enough to find that the program you want will compile cleanly on @@ -2064,7 +2064,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent and there are quite a few programs that will result in premature greying, or even chronic alopecia... - Some software distributions have attacked this problem by + Some software distributions have attacked this problem by providing configuration scripts. Some of these are very clever, but they have an unfortunate tendency to triumphantly announce that your system is something you have never heard of and then ask you lots of @@ -2074,7 +2074,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent Foonix style unacceptable exception handling? And if not, why not?). - Fortunately, with the Ports collection, all the hard work + Fortunately, with the Ports collection, all the hard work involved has already been done, and you can just type 'make install' and get a working program. @@ -2124,13 +2124,13 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent - Obviously it would be unreasonable to expect everyone to port + Obviously it would be unreasonable to expect everyone to port their favourite programs by hand (not to mention a tremendous amount of duplicated work), so the FreeBSD Project came up with an ingenious way of using standard tools that would automate the process. - Incidentally, this is an excellent illustration of how the + Incidentally, this is an excellent illustration of how the Unix way works in practice by combining a set of simple but very flexible tools into something very powerful. @@ -2168,7 +2168,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent How on earth can this do anything? I hear you cry. There is no source code there! - Fear not, gentle reader, all will become clear (hopefully). + Fear not, gentle reader, all will become clear (hopefully). Let's see what happens if we try and install a port. I have chosen ElectricFence, a useful tool for developers, as the skeleton is more straightforward than most. @@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc ===> Registering installation for ElectricFence-2.0.5 - To avoid confusing the issue, I have completely removed the + To avoid confusing the issue, I have completely removed the build output. If you tried this yourself, you may well have got something like @@ -2208,26 +2208,26 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - The make program has noticed that you did not have a local + The make program has noticed that you did not have a local copy of the source code and tried to FTP it down so it could get the job done. I already had the source handy in my example, so it did not need to fetch it. - Let's go through this and see what the make program was + Let's go through this and see what the make program was doing. - Locate the source code Locate the source code If it is not available locally, try to grab it from an FTP site. - Run a + Run a test on the tarball to make sure it has not been tampered with, accidentally truncated, downloaded in ASCII mode, struck by neutrinos while in transit, etc. @@ -2235,29 +2235,29 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - Extract the tarball into a temporary work directory. + Extract the tarball into a temporary work directory. - Apply any + Apply any needed to get the source to compile and run under FreeBSD. - Run any configuration script required by the build + Run any configuration script required by the build process and correctly answer any questions it asks. - (Finally!) Compile the code. + (Finally!) Compile the code. - Install the program executable and other supporting + Install the program executable and other supporting files, man pages, etc. under the /usr/local hierarchy, where they will not get mixed up with system programs. This also makes sure that @@ -2267,7 +2267,7 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - Register the installation in a database. This means that, + Register the installation in a database. This means that, if you do not like the program, you can cleanly all traces of it from your system. @@ -2277,7 +2277,7 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - Scroll up to the make output and see if you can match these + Scroll up to the make output and see if you can match these steps to it. And if you were not impressed before, you should be by now! @@ -2603,13 +2603,13 @@ do-install: - Fix it yourself. Technical details on how ports work can + Fix it yourself. Technical details on how ports work can be found in - Gripe. This is done by e-mail *ONLY*! Send such e-mail to + Gripe. This is done by e-mail *ONLY*! Send such e-mail to the &a.ports; and please include the name/version of the port, where you got both the port source & distfile(s) from, and what the text of the error was. @@ -2617,13 +2617,13 @@ do-install: - Forget it. This is the easiest for most - very few of the + Forget it. This is the easiest for most - very few of the programs in ports can be classified as essential! - Grab the pre-compiled package from a ftp server. The + Grab the pre-compiled package from a ftp server. The master package collection is on FreeBSD's FTP server in the packages @@ -2687,27 +2687,27 @@ do-install: - The licensing conditions on some software + The licensing conditions on some software distributions require that they be distributed as source code, not binaries. - Some people do not trust binary distributions. At + Some people do not trust binary distributions. At least with source code you can (in theory) read through it and look for potential problems yourself. - If you have some local patches, you will need the + If you have some local patches, you will need the source to add them yourself. - You might have opinions on how a program should be + You might have opinions on how a program should be compiled that differ from the person who did the package - some people have strong views on what optimisation setting should be used, whether to build debug versions @@ -2716,7 +2716,7 @@ do-install: - Some people like having code around, so they can + Some people like having code around, so they can read it if they get bored, hack around with it, borrow from it (licence terms permitting, of course!) and so on. @@ -2724,7 +2724,7 @@ do-install: - If you ain't got the source, it ain't software! + If you ain't got the source, it ain't software! ;-) @@ -6626,7 +6626,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-intro-spooler"> What the Spooler Does - LPD controls everything about a host's printers. It is + LPD controls everything about a host's printers. It is responsible for a number of things: @@ -6694,7 +6694,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-intro-why"> Why You Should Use the Spooler - If you are the sole user of your system, you may be wondering + If you are the sole user of your system, you may be wondering why you should bother with the spooler when you do not need access control, header pages, or printer accounting. While it is possible to enable direct access to a printer, you should use the spooler @@ -6734,7 +6734,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-intro-setup"> Setting Up the Spooling System - To use printers with the LPD spooling system, you will need to + To use printers with the LPD spooling system, you will need to set up both your printer hardware and the LPD software. This document describes two levels of setup: @@ -6766,7 +6766,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-simple"> Simple Printer Setup - This section tells how to configure printer hardware and the + This section tells how to configure printer hardware and the LPD software to use the printer. It teaches the basics: @@ -6804,7 +6804,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-hardware"> Hardware Setup - This section tells about the various ways you can connect a + This section tells about the various ways you can connect a printer to your PC. It talks about the kinds of ports and cables, and also the kernel configuration you may need to enable FreeBSD to speak to the printer. @@ -6819,7 +6819,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-ports"> Ports and Cables - Nearly all printers you can get for a PC today support one + Nearly all printers you can get for a PC today support one or both of the following interfaces: @@ -6846,7 +6846,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 - Parallel interfaces are sometimes known as + Parallel interfaces are sometimes known as Centronics interfaces, named after the connector type on the printer. @@ -6911,7 +6911,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-parallel"> Parallel Ports - To hook up a printer using a parallel interface, connect + To hook up a printer using a parallel interface, connect the Centronics cable between the printer and the computer. The instructions that came with the printer, the computer, or both should give you complete guidance. @@ -6926,7 +6926,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-serial"> Serial Ports - To hook up a printer using a serial interface, connect the + To hook up a printer using a serial interface, connect the proper serial cable between the printer and the computer. The instructions that came with the printer, the computer, or both should give you complete guidance. @@ -6981,7 +6981,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-software"> Software Setup - This section describes the software setup necessary to print + This section describes the software setup necessary to print with the LPD spooling system in FreeBSD. Here is an outline of the steps involved: @@ -7026,7 +7026,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-kernel"> Kernel Configuration - The operating system kernel is compiled to work with a + The operating system kernel is compiled to work with a specific set of devices. The serial or parallel interface for your printer is a part of that set. Therefore, it might be necessary to add support for an additional serial or parallel @@ -7070,7 +7070,7 @@ sio2: type 16550A Adding <filename>/dev</filename> Entries for the Ports - Even though the kernel may support communication along a + Even though the kernel may support communication along a serial or parallel port, you will still need a software interface through which programs running on the system can send and receive data. That is what entries in the @@ -7127,7 +7127,7 @@ sio2: type 16550A Setting the Communication Mode for the Parallel Port - When you are using the parallel interface, you can choose + When you are using the parallel interface, you can choose whether FreeBSD should use interrupt-driven or polled communication with the printer. @@ -7237,7 +7237,7 @@ device lpt0 at isa? port? tty vector lptintr id="printing-testing"> Checking Printer Communications - Before proceeding to configure the spooling system, you + Before proceeding to configure the spooling system, you should make sure the operating system can successfully send data to your printer. It is a lot easier to debug printer communication and the spooling system separately. @@ -7274,7 +7274,7 @@ showpage id="printing-checking-parallel"> Checking a Parallel Printer - This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can + This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can communicate with a printer connected to a parallel port. @@ -7317,7 +7317,7 @@ showpage - Alternatively, you can put the program in a + Alternatively, you can put the program in a file and type &prompt.root; cat file > /dev/lptN @@ -7343,7 +7343,7 @@ showpage id="printing-checking-serial"> Checking a Serial Printer - This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can + This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can communicate with a printer on a serial port. To test a printer on a serial @@ -7418,7 +7418,7 @@ printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none - Alternatively, you can put the program in a + Alternatively, you can put the program in a file and type ~>file @@ -7448,7 +7448,7 @@ printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none /etc/printcap File - At this point, your printer should be hooked up, your + At this point, your printer should be hooked up, your kernel configured to communicate with it (if necessary), and you have been able to send some simple data to the printer. Now, we are ready to configure LPD to control access to your @@ -7552,7 +7552,7 @@ printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none id="printing-naming"> Naming the Printer - The first (easy) step is to pick a name for your printer. + The first (easy) step is to pick a name for your printer. It really does not matter whether you choose functional or whimsical names since you can also provide a number aliases for the printer. @@ -7608,7 +7608,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4: id="printing-no-header-pages"> Suppressing Header Pages - The LPD spooling system will by default print a + The LPD spooling system will by default print a header page for each job. The header page contains the user name who requested the job, the host from which the job came, and the name of the job, in nice @@ -7643,7 +7643,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-spooldir"> Making the Spooling Directory - The next step in the simple spooler setup is to make a + The next step in the simple spooler setup is to make a spooling directory, a directory where print jobs reside until they are printed, and where a number of other spooler support files live. @@ -7719,7 +7719,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-device"> Identifying the Printer Device - In section In section , we identified which entry in the /dev directory FreeBSD will use to communicate with the printer. Now, we tell LPD @@ -7770,7 +7770,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-commparam"> Configuring Spooler Communication Parameters - For printers on serial ports, LPD can set up the bps + For printers on serial ports, LPD can set up the bps rate, parity, and other serial communication parameters on behalf of the filter program that sends data to the printer. This is advantageous since @@ -7882,7 +7882,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-textfilter"> Installing the Text Filter - We are now ready to tell LPD what text filter to use to + We are now ready to tell LPD what text filter to use to send jobs to the printer. A text filter, also known as an input filter, is a program that LPD runs when it has a job to print. When LPD @@ -7957,7 +7957,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-trying"> Trying It Out - You have reached the end of the simple LPD setup. + You have reached the end of the simple LPD setup. Unfortunately, congratulations are not quite yet in order, since we still have to test the setup and correct any problems. To test the setup, try printing something. To @@ -7975,7 +7975,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ To test the simple LPD setup: - Type: + Type: &prompt.root; lptest 20 5 | lpr -Pprinter-name where Troubleshooting - After performing the simple test with + After performing the simple test with lptest, you might have gotten one of the following results instead of the correct printout: It worked, after awhile; or, it did not @@ -8144,7 +8144,7 @@ exit 2 - Here is an example text filter for printers + Here is an example text filter for printers that understand the Hewlett-Packard PCL escape codes. This filter makes the printer treat LF characters as a LF and CR; then it sends the @@ -8321,7 +8321,7 @@ rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ id="printing-using"> Using Printers - This section tells you how to use printers you have setup with + This section tells you how to use printers you have setup with FreeBSD. Here is an overview of the user-level commands: @@ -8419,7 +8419,7 @@ rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ id="printing-lpq"> Checking Jobs - When you print with + When you print with lpr, the data you wish to print is put together in a package called a print job, which is sent to the LPD spooling @@ -8498,7 +8498,7 @@ mary: 3rd [job 011rose] id="printing-lprm"> Removing Jobs - If you change your mind about printing a job, you can remove + If you change your mind about printing a job, you can remove the job from the queue with the lprm command. Often, you can even use @@ -8593,7 +8593,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options"> Beyond Plain Text: Printing Options - The + The lpr command supports a number of options that control formatting text, converting graphic and other file formats, producing multiple @@ -8605,7 +8605,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options-format"> Formatting and Conversion Options - The following + The following lpr options control formatting of the files in the job. Use these options if the job does not contain plain text or if you want @@ -8764,7 +8764,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options-job-handling"> Job Handling Options - The following options to + The following options to lpr tell LPD to handle the job specially: @@ -8781,7 +8781,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued linkend="printing-advanced-restricting-copies" remap="Restricting Multiple Copies">. - This example prints three copies of + This example prints three copies of parser.c followed by three copies of parser.h to the default printer: @@ -8849,7 +8849,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options-misc"> Header Page Options - These options to + These options to lpr adjust the text that normally appears on a job's header page. If header pages are suppressed for the destination printer, @@ -8903,7 +8903,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpc"> Administrating Printers - As an administrator for your printers, you have had to + As an administrator for your printers, you have had to install, set up, and test them. Using the lpc command, you can interact with your printers in yet more ways. @@ -9113,7 +9113,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-advanced"> Advanced Printer Setup - This section describes filters for printing specially formatted + This section describes filters for printing specially formatted files, header pages, printing across networks, and restricting and accounting for printer usage. @@ -9122,7 +9122,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-advanced-filter-intro"> Filters - Although LPD handles network protocols, queuing, access + Although LPD handles network protocols, queuing, access control, and other aspects of printing, most of the real work happens in the filters. Filters are programs that @@ -9234,7 +9234,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-advanced-filters"> How Filters Work - As mentioned before, a filter is an executable program + As mentioned before, a filter is an executable program started by LPD to handle the device-dependent part of communicating with the printer. @@ -9457,7 +9457,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued Accommodating Plain Text Jobs on PostScript Printers - If you are the only user of your computer and PostScript + If you are the only user of your computer and PostScript (or other language-based) printer, and you promise to never send plain text to your printer and to never use features of various programs that will want to send plain text to your printer, then @@ -9549,7 +9549,7 @@ fi Simulating PostScript on Non-PostScript Printers - PostScript is the de facto + PostScript is the de facto standard for high quality typesetting and printing. PostScript is, however, an expensive standard. Thankfully, Alladin Enterprises has a free PostScript work-alike @@ -9625,7 +9625,7 @@ exit 2 id="printing-advanced-convfilters"> Conversion Filters - After completing the simple setup described in After completing the simple setup described in , the first thing you will probably want to do is install conversion filters for your favorite file formats (besides plain ASCII @@ -9635,7 +9635,7 @@ exit 2 Why Install Conversion Filters? - Conversion filters make printing various kinds of files + Conversion filters make printing various kinds of files easy. As an example, suppose we do a lot of work with the TeX typesetting system, and we have a PostScript printer. Every time we generate a DVI file from TeX, we cannot print it @@ -9671,7 +9671,7 @@ exit 2 Which Conversions Filters Should I Install? - You should install the conversion filters you expect to + You should install the conversion filters you expect to use. If you print a lot of DVI data, then a DVI conversion filter is in order. If you have got plenty of troff to print out, then you probably want a troff filter. @@ -9764,7 +9764,7 @@ exit 2 Installing Conversion Filters - Since conversion filters are programs you install outside + Since conversion filters are programs you install outside of the base FreeBSD installation, they should probably go under /usr/local. The directory /usr/local/libexec is a popular location, @@ -9822,7 +9822,7 @@ exec /usr/local/bin/dvips -f | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@" More Conversion Filter Examples - Since there is no fixed set of steps to install + Since there is no fixed set of steps to install conversion filters, let me instead provide more examples. Use these as guidance to making your own filters. Use them directly, if appropriate. @@ -10038,7 +10038,7 @@ exit 0 Filters - All these conversion filters accomplish a lot for your + All these conversion filters accomplish a lot for your printing environment, but at the cost forcing the user to specify (on the lpr @@ -10069,7 +10069,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-of"> Output Filters - The LPD spooling system supports one other type of filter + The LPD spooling system supports one other type of filter that we have not yet explored: an output filter. An output filter is intended for printing plain text only, like the text filter, but with many simplifications. If you are using an @@ -10155,7 +10155,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-lpf"> <command>lpf</command>: a Text Filter - The program /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf that + The program /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf that comes with FreeBSD binary distribution is a text filter (input filter) that can indent output (job submitted with lpr -i), allow literal characters to pass (job submitted with lpr -l), adjust the @@ -10187,7 +10187,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-header-pages"> Header Pages - If you have lots of users, all of them + If you have lots of users, all of them using various printers, then you probably want to consider header pages as a necessary evil. @@ -10216,7 +10216,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-header-pages-enabling"> Enabling Header Pages - In the , we turned off header pages by specifying sh (meaning suppress header) in the /etc/printcap file. To @@ -10282,7 +10282,7 @@ teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ id="printing-advanced-header-pages-controlling"> Controlling Header Pages - By enabling header pages, LPD will produce a long + By enabling header pages, LPD will produce a long header, a full page of large letters identifying the user, host, and job. Here is an example (kelly printed the job named outline from host rose): @@ -10356,7 +10356,7 @@ rose:kelly Job: outline Date: Sun Sep 17 11:07:51 1995 id="printing-advanced-header-pages-accounting"> Accounting for Header Pages - Using LPD's built-in header pages enforces a particular + Using LPD's built-in header pages enforces a particular paradigm when it comes to printer accounting: header pages must be free of charge. @@ -10435,7 +10435,7 @@ rose:kelly Job: outline Date: Sun Sep 17 11:07:51 1995 id="printing-advanced-header-pages-ps"> Header Pages on PostScript Printers - As described above, LPD can generate a plain text header + As described above, LPD can generate a plain text header page suitable for many printers. Of course, PostScript cannot directly print plain text, so the header page feature of LPD is useless---or mostly so. @@ -10609,7 +10609,7 @@ done id="printing-advanced-network-printers"> Networked Printing - FreeBSD supports networked printing: sending jobs to remote + FreeBSD supports networked printing: sending jobs to remote printers. Networked printing generally refers to two different things: @@ -10668,7 +10668,7 @@ done id="printing-advanced-network-rm"> Printers Installed on Remote Hosts - The LPD spooling system has built-in support for sending + The LPD spooling system has built-in support for sending jobs to other hosts also running LPD (or are compatible with LPD). This feature enables you to install a printer on one host and make it accessible from other hosts. It also works with @@ -10797,7 +10797,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-network-net-if"> Printers with Networked Data Stream Interfaces - Often, when you buy a network interface card for a printer, + Often, when you buy a network interface card for a printer, you can get two versions: one which emulates a spooler (the more expensive version), or one which just lets you send data to it as if you were using a serial or parallel port (the cheaper @@ -10874,7 +10874,7 @@ exit 0; id="printing-advanced-restricting"> Restricting Printer Usage - This section gives information on restricting printer usage. + This section gives information on restricting printer usage. The LPD system lets you control who can access a printer, both locally or remotely, whether they can print multiple copies, how large their jobs can be, and how large the printer queues can @@ -10885,7 +10885,7 @@ exit 0; id="printing-advanced-restricting-copies"> Restricting Multiple Copies - The LPD system makes it easy for users to print multiple + The LPD system makes it easy for users to print multiple copies of a file. Users can print jobs with lpr -#5 (for example) and get five copies of each file in the job. Whether this is a good thing is up to you. @@ -10970,7 +10970,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-restricting-access"> Restricting Access To Printers - You can control who can print to what printers by using the + You can control who can print to what printers by using the UNIX group mechanism and the rg capability in /etc/printcap. Just place the users you want to have access to a printer in a certain @@ -11025,7 +11025,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-restricting-sizes"> Controlling Sizes of Jobs Submitted - If you have many users accessing the printers, you probably + If you have many users accessing the printers, you probably need to put an upper limit on the sizes of the files users can submit to print. After all, there is only so much free space on the filesystem that houses the spooling directories, and you @@ -11096,7 +11096,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-restricting-remote"> Restricting Jobs from Remote Printers - The LPD spooling system provides several ways to restrict + The LPD spooling system provides several ways to restrict print jobs submitted from remote hosts: @@ -11216,7 +11216,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-acct"> Accounting for Printer Usage - So, you need to charge for printouts. And why not? Paper + So, you need to charge for printouts. And why not? Paper and ink cost money. And then there are maintenance costs---printers are loaded with moving parts and tend to break down. You have examined your printers, usage patterns, and @@ -11283,7 +11283,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ Quick and Dirty Printer Accounting - FreeBSD comes with two programs that can get you set up + FreeBSD comes with two programs that can get you set up with simple periodic accounting right away. They are the text filter lpf, described in section Alternatives to the Standard Spooler - If you have been reading straight through this manual, by now + If you have been reading straight through this manual, by now you have learned just about everything there is to know about the LPD spooling system that comes with FreeBSD. You can probably appreciate many of its shortcomings, which naturally leads to the @@ -11599,7 +11599,7 @@ total 337.00 154 $ 6.74 Acknowledgments - I would like to thank the following people who have assisted in + I would like to thank the following people who have assisted in the development of this document: @@ -11631,7 +11631,7 @@ total 337.00 154 $ 6.74 - + @@ -16163,7 +16163,7 @@ Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: st1: Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue Multiple LUN devices - In some cases you come across devices that use multiple + In some cases you come across devices that use multiple logical units (LUNs) on a single SCSI ID. In most cases FreeBSD only probes devices for LUN 0. An example are so called bridge boards that connect 2 non-SCSI harddisks to a @@ -16205,7 +16205,7 @@ Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: st1: Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue Tagged command queueing - Modern SCSI devices, particularly magnetic disks, + Modern SCSI devices, particularly magnetic disks, support what is called tagged command queuing (TCQ). In a nutshell, TCQ allows the device to have multiple I/O @@ -16937,7 +16937,7 @@ options "TUNE_1542" #dynamic tune of bus DMA speed Reported by: Pedro A M Vazquez vazquez@IQM.Unicamp.BR - Mike Smith + Mike Smith msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au @@ -19627,20 +19627,20 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure # Guest bathroom - You know how to connect your modem to your computer + You know how to connect your modem to your computer so that the two can communicate (unless you have an internal modem, which does not need such a cable) - You are familiar with your modem's command set, or + You are familiar with your modem's command set, or know where to look up needed commands - You know how to configure your modem (probably via a + You know how to configure your modem (probably via a terminal communications program) so you can set the non-volatile RAM parameters @@ -19659,35 +19659,35 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure # Guest bathroom - Transmitted Data (SD) + Transmitted Data (SD) - Received Data (RD) + Received Data (RD) - Request to Send (RTS) + Request to Send (RTS) - Clear to Send (CTS) + Clear to Send (CTS) - Data Set Ready (DSR) + Data Set Ready (DSR) - Data Terminal Ready (DTR) + Data Terminal Ready (DTR) - Carrier Detect (CD) + Carrier Detect (CD) - Signal Ground (SG) + Signal Ground (SG) @@ -20272,38 +20272,38 @@ stty -f /dev/ttyd3 crtscts - CD asserted when connected + CD asserted when connected - DTR asserted for operation; dropping + DTR asserted for operation; dropping DTR hangs up line & resets modem - CTS transmitted data flow control + CTS transmitted data flow control - Disable XON/XOFF flow control + Disable XON/XOFF flow control - RTS received data flow control + RTS received data flow control - Quiet mode (no result codes) + Quiet mode (no result codes) - No command echo + No command echo @@ -20335,43 +20335,43 @@ AT&C1&D2&H1&I0&R2&W - Switch 1: UP - DTR Normal + Switch 1: UP - DTR Normal - Switch 2: Do not care (Verbal Result Codes/Numeric + Switch 2: Do not care (Verbal Result Codes/Numeric Result Codes) - Switch 3: UP - Suppress Result Codes + Switch 3: UP - Suppress Result Codes - Switch 4: DOWN - No echo, offline commands + Switch 4: DOWN - No echo, offline commands - Switch 5: UP - Auto Answer + Switch 5: UP - Auto Answer - Switch 6: UP - Carrier Detect Normal + Switch 6: UP - Carrier Detect Normal - Switch 7: UP - Load NVRAM Defaults + Switch 7: UP - Load NVRAM Defaults - Switch 8: Do not care (Smart Mode/Dumb Mode) + Switch 8: Do not care (Smart Mode/Dumb Mode) @@ -20522,20 +20522,20 @@ AT&B2&W - The initial capability name specified in + The initial capability name specified in /etc/ttys for the line matches a name of a capability in /etc/gettytab - Each nx= entry matches another + Each nx= entry matches another gettytab capability name - Each tc= entry matches another + Each tc= entry matches another gettytab capability name @@ -22209,13 +22209,13 @@ sendmail_flags="-bd" - as a client , i.e. you want to connect your machine to + as a client , i.e. you want to connect your machine to outside world via PPP serial connection or modem line. - as a server , i.e. your machine is located on the + as a server , i.e. your machine is located on the network and used to connect other computers using PPP. @@ -22258,19 +22258,19 @@ defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be your - Dial to the remote host using kermit ( or other modem + Dial to the remote host using kermit ( or other modem program ) enter your user name and password ( or whatever is needed to enable PPP on the remote host ) - Exit kermit. ( without hanging up the line ) + Exit kermit. ( without hanging up the line ) - enter: + enter: &prompt.root; /usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd /dev/tty01 19200 @@ -23186,20 +23186,20 @@ pseudo-device sl 2 - SLIP user's login ID + SLIP user's login ID - Local address (local to the SLIP server) of the SLIP + Local address (local to the SLIP server) of the SLIP link - Remote address of the SLIP link + Remote address of the SLIP link - Network mask + Network mask @@ -23228,22 +23228,22 @@ Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmerg 0xfffffc00 autocomp - normal - no header + normal - no header compression - compress - compress + compress - compress headers - autocomp - compress + autocomp - compress headers if the remote end allows it - noicmp - disable ICMP + noicmp - disable ICMP packets (so any ping packets will be dropped instead of using up your bandwidth) @@ -24041,7 +24041,7 @@ freebox:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-w=1024 0 0 - Find a machine that will be your server. This machine + Find a machine that will be your server. This machine will require enough disk space to hold the FreeBSD 2.0 binaries and have bootp, tftp and NFS services available. Tested machines: @@ -24165,7 +24165,7 @@ hostname myclient.mydomain - Unpack the root filesystem in the directory the client + Unpack the root filesystem in the directory the client will use for its root filesystem (/rootfs/myclient in the example above). @@ -24173,7 +24173,7 @@ hostname myclient.mydomain - On HP-UX systems: The server should be running + On HP-UX systems: The server should be running HP-UX 9.04 or later for HP9000/800 series machines. Prior versions do not allow the creation of device files over NFS. @@ -24181,7 +24181,7 @@ hostname myclient.mydomain - When extracting /dev in + When extracting /dev in /rootfs/myclient, beware that some systems (HPUX) will not create device files that FreeBSD is happy with. You may have to go to single @@ -24550,7 +24550,7 @@ ISDN BRI line Contributed by &a.wlloyd;. - Electronic Mail configuration is the subject of many Electronic Mail configuration is the subject of many books. If you plan on doing anything beyond setting up one mailhost for your network, you need industrial strength help. @@ -24574,7 +24574,7 @@ ISDN BRI line User program - This is a program like elm, pine, + This is a program like elm, pine, mail , or something more sophisticated like a WWW browser. This program will simply pass off all e-mail transactions to the local mailhost , @@ -24586,7 +24586,7 @@ ISDN BRI line Mailhost Server Daemon - Usually this program is sendmail or + Usually this program is sendmail or smail running in the background. Turn it off or change the command line options in /etc/rc.conf (or, prior to FreeBSD 2.2.2, @@ -24599,7 +24599,7 @@ ISDN BRI line secure site. Some versions of sendmail have known security problems. - sendmail + sendmail does two jobs. It looks after delivering and receiving mail. @@ -24608,7 +24608,7 @@ ISDN BRI line the DNS to determine the actual host that will receive mail for the destination. - If it is acting as a delivery agent sendmail will take the message from the + If it is acting as a delivery agent sendmail will take the message from the local queue and deliver it across the Internet to another sendmail on the receivers computer. @@ -24633,7 +24633,7 @@ ISDN BRI line POP Servers - This program gets the mail from your mailbox and gives it to + This program gets the mail from your mailbox and gives it to your browser. If you want to run a POP server on your computer, you will need to do 2 things. @@ -25191,14 +25191,14 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - Members of the FreeBSD group who are actively working + Members of the FreeBSD group who are actively working on some part of the source tree and for whom keeping `current' is an absolute requirement. - Members of the FreeBSD group who are active testers, + Members of the FreeBSD group who are active testers, willing to spend time working through problems in order to ensure that FreeBSD-current remains as sane as possible. These are also people who wish to make topical suggestions @@ -25207,7 +25207,7 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - Peripheral members of the FreeBSD (or some other) + Peripheral members of the FreeBSD (or some other) group who merely wish to keep an eye on things and use the current sources for reference purposes (e.g. for reading, not running). These people @@ -25226,19 +25226,19 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - A fast-track to getting pre-release bits because you + A fast-track to getting pre-release bits because you heard there is some cool new feature in there and you want to be the first on your block to have it. - A quick way of getting bug fixes. + A quick way of getting bug fixes. - In any way officially supported by us. We do our + In any way officially supported by us. We do our best to help people genuinely in one of the 3 legitimate FreeBSD-current categories, but we simply do not have the time to provide tech support for it. @@ -25263,7 +25263,7 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - Join the &a.current; and the &a.cvsall; . This is not + Join the &a.current; and the &a.cvsall; . This is not just a good idea, it is essential. If you are not on the FreeBSD-current mailing list you will not see the comments that people are @@ -25292,27 +25292,27 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do + Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do this in three ways: - Use the + Use the facility. Unless you have a good TCP/IP connection at a flat rate, this is the way to do it. - Use the + Use the program with this supfile. This is the second most recommended method, since it allows you to grab the entire collection once and then only what has changed from then on. Many people run cvsup from cron and keep their sources up-to-date automatically. - Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-current is + Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-current is always exported on: ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current We also use `wu-ftpd' which allows compressed/tar'd grabbing of whole trees. e.g. you see: @@ -25332,14 +25332,14 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the + Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the source and communications bandwidth is not a consideration, use cvsup or ftp. Otherwise, use CTM. - If you are grabbing the sources to run, and not just + If you are grabbing the sources to run, and not just look at, then grab all of current, not just selected portions. The reason for this is that various parts of the source depend on updates elsewhere, and trying @@ -25349,7 +25349,7 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Before compiling current, read the Makefile in + Before compiling current, read the Makefile in /usr/src carefully. You should at least run a the first time @@ -25361,7 +25361,7 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Be active! If you are running FreeBSD-current, we + Be active! If you are running FreeBSD-current, we want to know what you have to say about it, especially if you have suggestions for enhancements or bug fixes. Suggestions with accompanying code are received most @@ -25423,7 +25423,7 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Join the &a.stable; . This will keep you informed of + Join the &a.stable; . This will keep you informed of build-dependencies that may appear in stable or any other issues requiring special attention. Developers will also make announcements @@ -25443,27 +25443,27 @@ subscribe freebsd-stable - Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do + Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do this in three ways: - Use the + Use the facility. Unless you have a good TCP/IP connection at a flat rate, this is the way to do it. - Use the + Use the program with this supfile. This is the second most recommended method, since it allows you to grab the entire collection once and then only what has changed from then on. Many people run cvsup from cron to keep their sources up-to-date automatically. - Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-stable is + Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-stable is always exported on: ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-stable @@ -25491,14 +25491,14 @@ subscribe freebsd-stable - Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the + Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the source and communications bandwidth is not a consideration, use cvsup or ftp. Otherwise, use CTM. - Before compiling stable, read the Makefile in + Before compiling stable, read the Makefile in /usr/src carefully. You should at least run a the first time @@ -26575,7 +26575,7 @@ cvs-crypto collections are reflected by the use of indentation in the list below. - The most commonly used collections are src-all, cvs-crypto, and ports-all. The other collections are used + The most commonly used collections are src-all, cvs-crypto, and ports-all. The other collections are used only by small groups of people for specialized purposes, and some mirror sites may not carry all of them. @@ -28434,7 +28434,7 @@ THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. # Date created: 5 December 1994 # Whom: asami # -# $Id: handbook.sgml,v 1.34 1998-10-21 21:51:11 nik Exp $ +# $Id: handbook.sgml,v 1.35 1998-10-21 21:52:28 nik Exp $ # DISTNAME= oneko-1.1b @@ -31377,7 +31377,7 @@ pre-install: - Issei SuzukiIssei Suzuki<issei@t-cnet.or.jp> @@ -32827,20 +32827,20 @@ MAINTAINER= email-addresses - Which files have been left out + Which files have been left out - Where the original distribution was obtained from and/or + Where the original distribution was obtained from and/or the official master site. - Where to send patches back to the original authors + Where to send patches back to the original authors - Perhaps an overview of the FreeBSD-specific changes that + Perhaps an overview of the FreeBSD-specific changes that have been made. @@ -33877,7 +33877,7 @@ linux - In /etc/rc.conf, you need the + In /etc/rc.conf, you need the following line: @@ -33887,7 +33887,7 @@ linux_enable=YES - This, in turn, triggers the following action in + This, in turn, triggers the following action in /etc/rc.i386: @@ -39952,7 +39952,7 @@ help id="pgpkeys"> PGP keys - In case you need to verify a signature or send encrypted email to + In case you need to verify a signature or send encrypted email to one of the officers or core team members a number of keys are provided here for your convenience. diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml index d44ec0c973..778866db92 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml @@ -2054,7 +2054,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent The FreeBSD Ports collection allows you to compile and install a very wide range of applications with a minimum of effort. - For all the hype about open standards, getting a program to work + For all the hype about open standards, getting a program to work on different versions of Unix in the real world can be a tedious and tricky business, as anyone who has tried it will know. You may be lucky enough to find that the program you want will compile cleanly on @@ -2064,7 +2064,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent and there are quite a few programs that will result in premature greying, or even chronic alopecia... - Some software distributions have attacked this problem by + Some software distributions have attacked this problem by providing configuration scripts. Some of these are very clever, but they have an unfortunate tendency to triumphantly announce that your system is something you have never heard of and then ask you lots of @@ -2074,7 +2074,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent Foonix style unacceptable exception handling? And if not, why not?). - Fortunately, with the Ports collection, all the hard work + Fortunately, with the Ports collection, all the hard work involved has already been done, and you can just type 'make install' and get a working program. @@ -2124,13 +2124,13 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent - Obviously it would be unreasonable to expect everyone to port + Obviously it would be unreasonable to expect everyone to port their favourite programs by hand (not to mention a tremendous amount of duplicated work), so the FreeBSD Project came up with an ingenious way of using standard tools that would automate the process. - Incidentally, this is an excellent illustration of how the + Incidentally, this is an excellent illustration of how the Unix way works in practice by combining a set of simple but very flexible tools into something very powerful. @@ -2168,7 +2168,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent How on earth can this do anything? I hear you cry. There is no source code there! - Fear not, gentle reader, all will become clear (hopefully). + Fear not, gentle reader, all will become clear (hopefully). Let's see what happens if we try and install a port. I have chosen ElectricFence, a useful tool for developers, as the skeleton is more straightforward than most. @@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc ===> Registering installation for ElectricFence-2.0.5 - To avoid confusing the issue, I have completely removed the + To avoid confusing the issue, I have completely removed the build output. If you tried this yourself, you may well have got something like @@ -2208,26 +2208,26 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - The make program has noticed that you did not have a local + The make program has noticed that you did not have a local copy of the source code and tried to FTP it down so it could get the job done. I already had the source handy in my example, so it did not need to fetch it. - Let's go through this and see what the make program was + Let's go through this and see what the make program was doing. - Locate the source code Locate the source code If it is not available locally, try to grab it from an FTP site. - Run a + Run a test on the tarball to make sure it has not been tampered with, accidentally truncated, downloaded in ASCII mode, struck by neutrinos while in transit, etc. @@ -2235,29 +2235,29 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - Extract the tarball into a temporary work directory. + Extract the tarball into a temporary work directory. - Apply any + Apply any needed to get the source to compile and run under FreeBSD. - Run any configuration script required by the build + Run any configuration script required by the build process and correctly answer any questions it asks. - (Finally!) Compile the code. + (Finally!) Compile the code. - Install the program executable and other supporting + Install the program executable and other supporting files, man pages, etc. under the /usr/local hierarchy, where they will not get mixed up with system programs. This also makes sure that @@ -2267,7 +2267,7 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - Register the installation in a database. This means that, + Register the installation in a database. This means that, if you do not like the program, you can cleanly all traces of it from your system. @@ -2277,7 +2277,7 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - Scroll up to the make output and see if you can match these + Scroll up to the make output and see if you can match these steps to it. And if you were not impressed before, you should be by now! @@ -2603,13 +2603,13 @@ do-install: - Fix it yourself. Technical details on how ports work can + Fix it yourself. Technical details on how ports work can be found in - Gripe. This is done by e-mail *ONLY*! Send such e-mail to + Gripe. This is done by e-mail *ONLY*! Send such e-mail to the &a.ports; and please include the name/version of the port, where you got both the port source & distfile(s) from, and what the text of the error was. @@ -2617,13 +2617,13 @@ do-install: - Forget it. This is the easiest for most - very few of the + Forget it. This is the easiest for most - very few of the programs in ports can be classified as essential! - Grab the pre-compiled package from a ftp server. The + Grab the pre-compiled package from a ftp server. The master package collection is on FreeBSD's FTP server in the packages @@ -2687,27 +2687,27 @@ do-install: - The licensing conditions on some software + The licensing conditions on some software distributions require that they be distributed as source code, not binaries. - Some people do not trust binary distributions. At + Some people do not trust binary distributions. At least with source code you can (in theory) read through it and look for potential problems yourself. - If you have some local patches, you will need the + If you have some local patches, you will need the source to add them yourself. - You might have opinions on how a program should be + You might have opinions on how a program should be compiled that differ from the person who did the package - some people have strong views on what optimisation setting should be used, whether to build debug versions @@ -2716,7 +2716,7 @@ do-install: - Some people like having code around, so they can + Some people like having code around, so they can read it if they get bored, hack around with it, borrow from it (licence terms permitting, of course!) and so on. @@ -2724,7 +2724,7 @@ do-install: - If you ain't got the source, it ain't software! + If you ain't got the source, it ain't software! ;-) @@ -6626,7 +6626,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-intro-spooler"> What the Spooler Does - LPD controls everything about a host's printers. It is + LPD controls everything about a host's printers. It is responsible for a number of things: @@ -6694,7 +6694,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-intro-why"> Why You Should Use the Spooler - If you are the sole user of your system, you may be wondering + If you are the sole user of your system, you may be wondering why you should bother with the spooler when you do not need access control, header pages, or printer accounting. While it is possible to enable direct access to a printer, you should use the spooler @@ -6734,7 +6734,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-intro-setup"> Setting Up the Spooling System - To use printers with the LPD spooling system, you will need to + To use printers with the LPD spooling system, you will need to set up both your printer hardware and the LPD software. This document describes two levels of setup: @@ -6766,7 +6766,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-simple"> Simple Printer Setup - This section tells how to configure printer hardware and the + This section tells how to configure printer hardware and the LPD software to use the printer. It teaches the basics: @@ -6804,7 +6804,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-hardware"> Hardware Setup - This section tells about the various ways you can connect a + This section tells about the various ways you can connect a printer to your PC. It talks about the kinds of ports and cables, and also the kernel configuration you may need to enable FreeBSD to speak to the printer. @@ -6819,7 +6819,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-ports"> Ports and Cables - Nearly all printers you can get for a PC today support one + Nearly all printers you can get for a PC today support one or both of the following interfaces: @@ -6846,7 +6846,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 - Parallel interfaces are sometimes known as + Parallel interfaces are sometimes known as Centronics interfaces, named after the connector type on the printer. @@ -6911,7 +6911,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-parallel"> Parallel Ports - To hook up a printer using a parallel interface, connect + To hook up a printer using a parallel interface, connect the Centronics cable between the printer and the computer. The instructions that came with the printer, the computer, or both should give you complete guidance. @@ -6926,7 +6926,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-serial"> Serial Ports - To hook up a printer using a serial interface, connect the + To hook up a printer using a serial interface, connect the proper serial cable between the printer and the computer. The instructions that came with the printer, the computer, or both should give you complete guidance. @@ -6981,7 +6981,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-software"> Software Setup - This section describes the software setup necessary to print + This section describes the software setup necessary to print with the LPD spooling system in FreeBSD. Here is an outline of the steps involved: @@ -7026,7 +7026,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-kernel"> Kernel Configuration - The operating system kernel is compiled to work with a + The operating system kernel is compiled to work with a specific set of devices. The serial or parallel interface for your printer is a part of that set. Therefore, it might be necessary to add support for an additional serial or parallel @@ -7070,7 +7070,7 @@ sio2: type 16550A Adding <filename>/dev</filename> Entries for the Ports - Even though the kernel may support communication along a + Even though the kernel may support communication along a serial or parallel port, you will still need a software interface through which programs running on the system can send and receive data. That is what entries in the @@ -7127,7 +7127,7 @@ sio2: type 16550A Setting the Communication Mode for the Parallel Port - When you are using the parallel interface, you can choose + When you are using the parallel interface, you can choose whether FreeBSD should use interrupt-driven or polled communication with the printer. @@ -7237,7 +7237,7 @@ device lpt0 at isa? port? tty vector lptintr id="printing-testing"> Checking Printer Communications - Before proceeding to configure the spooling system, you + Before proceeding to configure the spooling system, you should make sure the operating system can successfully send data to your printer. It is a lot easier to debug printer communication and the spooling system separately. @@ -7274,7 +7274,7 @@ showpage id="printing-checking-parallel"> Checking a Parallel Printer - This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can + This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can communicate with a printer connected to a parallel port. @@ -7317,7 +7317,7 @@ showpage - Alternatively, you can put the program in a + Alternatively, you can put the program in a file and type &prompt.root; cat file > /dev/lptN @@ -7343,7 +7343,7 @@ showpage id="printing-checking-serial"> Checking a Serial Printer - This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can + This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can communicate with a printer on a serial port. To test a printer on a serial @@ -7418,7 +7418,7 @@ printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none - Alternatively, you can put the program in a + Alternatively, you can put the program in a file and type ~>file @@ -7448,7 +7448,7 @@ printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none /etc/printcap File - At this point, your printer should be hooked up, your + At this point, your printer should be hooked up, your kernel configured to communicate with it (if necessary), and you have been able to send some simple data to the printer. Now, we are ready to configure LPD to control access to your @@ -7552,7 +7552,7 @@ printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none id="printing-naming"> Naming the Printer - The first (easy) step is to pick a name for your printer. + The first (easy) step is to pick a name for your printer. It really does not matter whether you choose functional or whimsical names since you can also provide a number aliases for the printer. @@ -7608,7 +7608,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4: id="printing-no-header-pages"> Suppressing Header Pages - The LPD spooling system will by default print a + The LPD spooling system will by default print a header page for each job. The header page contains the user name who requested the job, the host from which the job came, and the name of the job, in nice @@ -7643,7 +7643,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-spooldir"> Making the Spooling Directory - The next step in the simple spooler setup is to make a + The next step in the simple spooler setup is to make a spooling directory, a directory where print jobs reside until they are printed, and where a number of other spooler support files live. @@ -7719,7 +7719,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-device"> Identifying the Printer Device - In section In section , we identified which entry in the /dev directory FreeBSD will use to communicate with the printer. Now, we tell LPD @@ -7770,7 +7770,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-commparam"> Configuring Spooler Communication Parameters - For printers on serial ports, LPD can set up the bps + For printers on serial ports, LPD can set up the bps rate, parity, and other serial communication parameters on behalf of the filter program that sends data to the printer. This is advantageous since @@ -7882,7 +7882,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-textfilter"> Installing the Text Filter - We are now ready to tell LPD what text filter to use to + We are now ready to tell LPD what text filter to use to send jobs to the printer. A text filter, also known as an input filter, is a program that LPD runs when it has a job to print. When LPD @@ -7957,7 +7957,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-trying"> Trying It Out - You have reached the end of the simple LPD setup. + You have reached the end of the simple LPD setup. Unfortunately, congratulations are not quite yet in order, since we still have to test the setup and correct any problems. To test the setup, try printing something. To @@ -7975,7 +7975,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ To test the simple LPD setup: - Type: + Type: &prompt.root; lptest 20 5 | lpr -Pprinter-name where Troubleshooting - After performing the simple test with + After performing the simple test with lptest, you might have gotten one of the following results instead of the correct printout: It worked, after awhile; or, it did not @@ -8144,7 +8144,7 @@ exit 2 - Here is an example text filter for printers + Here is an example text filter for printers that understand the Hewlett-Packard PCL escape codes. This filter makes the printer treat LF characters as a LF and CR; then it sends the @@ -8321,7 +8321,7 @@ rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ id="printing-using"> Using Printers - This section tells you how to use printers you have setup with + This section tells you how to use printers you have setup with FreeBSD. Here is an overview of the user-level commands: @@ -8419,7 +8419,7 @@ rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ id="printing-lpq"> Checking Jobs - When you print with + When you print with lpr, the data you wish to print is put together in a package called a print job, which is sent to the LPD spooling @@ -8498,7 +8498,7 @@ mary: 3rd [job 011rose] id="printing-lprm"> Removing Jobs - If you change your mind about printing a job, you can remove + If you change your mind about printing a job, you can remove the job from the queue with the lprm command. Often, you can even use @@ -8593,7 +8593,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options"> Beyond Plain Text: Printing Options - The + The lpr command supports a number of options that control formatting text, converting graphic and other file formats, producing multiple @@ -8605,7 +8605,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options-format"> Formatting and Conversion Options - The following + The following lpr options control formatting of the files in the job. Use these options if the job does not contain plain text or if you want @@ -8764,7 +8764,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options-job-handling"> Job Handling Options - The following options to + The following options to lpr tell LPD to handle the job specially: @@ -8781,7 +8781,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued linkend="printing-advanced-restricting-copies" remap="Restricting Multiple Copies">. - This example prints three copies of + This example prints three copies of parser.c followed by three copies of parser.h to the default printer: @@ -8849,7 +8849,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options-misc"> Header Page Options - These options to + These options to lpr adjust the text that normally appears on a job's header page. If header pages are suppressed for the destination printer, @@ -8903,7 +8903,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpc"> Administrating Printers - As an administrator for your printers, you have had to + As an administrator for your printers, you have had to install, set up, and test them. Using the lpc command, you can interact with your printers in yet more ways. @@ -9113,7 +9113,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-advanced"> Advanced Printer Setup - This section describes filters for printing specially formatted + This section describes filters for printing specially formatted files, header pages, printing across networks, and restricting and accounting for printer usage. @@ -9122,7 +9122,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-advanced-filter-intro"> Filters - Although LPD handles network protocols, queuing, access + Although LPD handles network protocols, queuing, access control, and other aspects of printing, most of the real work happens in the filters. Filters are programs that @@ -9234,7 +9234,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-advanced-filters"> How Filters Work - As mentioned before, a filter is an executable program + As mentioned before, a filter is an executable program started by LPD to handle the device-dependent part of communicating with the printer. @@ -9457,7 +9457,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued Accommodating Plain Text Jobs on PostScript Printers - If you are the only user of your computer and PostScript + If you are the only user of your computer and PostScript (or other language-based) printer, and you promise to never send plain text to your printer and to never use features of various programs that will want to send plain text to your printer, then @@ -9549,7 +9549,7 @@ fi Simulating PostScript on Non-PostScript Printers - PostScript is the de facto + PostScript is the de facto standard for high quality typesetting and printing. PostScript is, however, an expensive standard. Thankfully, Alladin Enterprises has a free PostScript work-alike @@ -9625,7 +9625,7 @@ exit 2 id="printing-advanced-convfilters"> Conversion Filters - After completing the simple setup described in After completing the simple setup described in , the first thing you will probably want to do is install conversion filters for your favorite file formats (besides plain ASCII @@ -9635,7 +9635,7 @@ exit 2 Why Install Conversion Filters? - Conversion filters make printing various kinds of files + Conversion filters make printing various kinds of files easy. As an example, suppose we do a lot of work with the TeX typesetting system, and we have a PostScript printer. Every time we generate a DVI file from TeX, we cannot print it @@ -9671,7 +9671,7 @@ exit 2 Which Conversions Filters Should I Install? - You should install the conversion filters you expect to + You should install the conversion filters you expect to use. If you print a lot of DVI data, then a DVI conversion filter is in order. If you have got plenty of troff to print out, then you probably want a troff filter. @@ -9764,7 +9764,7 @@ exit 2 Installing Conversion Filters - Since conversion filters are programs you install outside + Since conversion filters are programs you install outside of the base FreeBSD installation, they should probably go under /usr/local. The directory /usr/local/libexec is a popular location, @@ -9822,7 +9822,7 @@ exec /usr/local/bin/dvips -f | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@" More Conversion Filter Examples - Since there is no fixed set of steps to install + Since there is no fixed set of steps to install conversion filters, let me instead provide more examples. Use these as guidance to making your own filters. Use them directly, if appropriate. @@ -10038,7 +10038,7 @@ exit 0 Filters - All these conversion filters accomplish a lot for your + All these conversion filters accomplish a lot for your printing environment, but at the cost forcing the user to specify (on the lpr @@ -10069,7 +10069,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-of"> Output Filters - The LPD spooling system supports one other type of filter + The LPD spooling system supports one other type of filter that we have not yet explored: an output filter. An output filter is intended for printing plain text only, like the text filter, but with many simplifications. If you are using an @@ -10155,7 +10155,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-lpf"> <command>lpf</command>: a Text Filter - The program /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf that + The program /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf that comes with FreeBSD binary distribution is a text filter (input filter) that can indent output (job submitted with lpr -i), allow literal characters to pass (job submitted with lpr -l), adjust the @@ -10187,7 +10187,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-header-pages"> Header Pages - If you have lots of users, all of them + If you have lots of users, all of them using various printers, then you probably want to consider header pages as a necessary evil. @@ -10216,7 +10216,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-header-pages-enabling"> Enabling Header Pages - In the , we turned off header pages by specifying sh (meaning suppress header) in the /etc/printcap file. To @@ -10282,7 +10282,7 @@ teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ id="printing-advanced-header-pages-controlling"> Controlling Header Pages - By enabling header pages, LPD will produce a long + By enabling header pages, LPD will produce a long header, a full page of large letters identifying the user, host, and job. Here is an example (kelly printed the job named outline from host rose): @@ -10356,7 +10356,7 @@ rose:kelly Job: outline Date: Sun Sep 17 11:07:51 1995 id="printing-advanced-header-pages-accounting"> Accounting for Header Pages - Using LPD's built-in header pages enforces a particular + Using LPD's built-in header pages enforces a particular paradigm when it comes to printer accounting: header pages must be free of charge. @@ -10435,7 +10435,7 @@ rose:kelly Job: outline Date: Sun Sep 17 11:07:51 1995 id="printing-advanced-header-pages-ps"> Header Pages on PostScript Printers - As described above, LPD can generate a plain text header + As described above, LPD can generate a plain text header page suitable for many printers. Of course, PostScript cannot directly print plain text, so the header page feature of LPD is useless---or mostly so. @@ -10609,7 +10609,7 @@ done id="printing-advanced-network-printers"> Networked Printing - FreeBSD supports networked printing: sending jobs to remote + FreeBSD supports networked printing: sending jobs to remote printers. Networked printing generally refers to two different things: @@ -10668,7 +10668,7 @@ done id="printing-advanced-network-rm"> Printers Installed on Remote Hosts - The LPD spooling system has built-in support for sending + The LPD spooling system has built-in support for sending jobs to other hosts also running LPD (or are compatible with LPD). This feature enables you to install a printer on one host and make it accessible from other hosts. It also works with @@ -10797,7 +10797,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-network-net-if"> Printers with Networked Data Stream Interfaces - Often, when you buy a network interface card for a printer, + Often, when you buy a network interface card for a printer, you can get two versions: one which emulates a spooler (the more expensive version), or one which just lets you send data to it as if you were using a serial or parallel port (the cheaper @@ -10874,7 +10874,7 @@ exit 0; id="printing-advanced-restricting"> Restricting Printer Usage - This section gives information on restricting printer usage. + This section gives information on restricting printer usage. The LPD system lets you control who can access a printer, both locally or remotely, whether they can print multiple copies, how large their jobs can be, and how large the printer queues can @@ -10885,7 +10885,7 @@ exit 0; id="printing-advanced-restricting-copies"> Restricting Multiple Copies - The LPD system makes it easy for users to print multiple + The LPD system makes it easy for users to print multiple copies of a file. Users can print jobs with lpr -#5 (for example) and get five copies of each file in the job. Whether this is a good thing is up to you. @@ -10970,7 +10970,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-restricting-access"> Restricting Access To Printers - You can control who can print to what printers by using the + You can control who can print to what printers by using the UNIX group mechanism and the rg capability in /etc/printcap. Just place the users you want to have access to a printer in a certain @@ -11025,7 +11025,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-restricting-sizes"> Controlling Sizes of Jobs Submitted - If you have many users accessing the printers, you probably + If you have many users accessing the printers, you probably need to put an upper limit on the sizes of the files users can submit to print. After all, there is only so much free space on the filesystem that houses the spooling directories, and you @@ -11096,7 +11096,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-restricting-remote"> Restricting Jobs from Remote Printers - The LPD spooling system provides several ways to restrict + The LPD spooling system provides several ways to restrict print jobs submitted from remote hosts: @@ -11216,7 +11216,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-acct"> Accounting for Printer Usage - So, you need to charge for printouts. And why not? Paper + So, you need to charge for printouts. And why not? Paper and ink cost money. And then there are maintenance costs---printers are loaded with moving parts and tend to break down. You have examined your printers, usage patterns, and @@ -11283,7 +11283,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ Quick and Dirty Printer Accounting - FreeBSD comes with two programs that can get you set up + FreeBSD comes with two programs that can get you set up with simple periodic accounting right away. They are the text filter lpf, described in section Alternatives to the Standard Spooler - If you have been reading straight through this manual, by now + If you have been reading straight through this manual, by now you have learned just about everything there is to know about the LPD spooling system that comes with FreeBSD. You can probably appreciate many of its shortcomings, which naturally leads to the @@ -11599,7 +11599,7 @@ total 337.00 154 $ 6.74 Acknowledgments - I would like to thank the following people who have assisted in + I would like to thank the following people who have assisted in the development of this document: @@ -11631,7 +11631,7 @@ total 337.00 154 $ 6.74 - + @@ -16163,7 +16163,7 @@ Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: st1: Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue Multiple LUN devices - In some cases you come across devices that use multiple + In some cases you come across devices that use multiple logical units (LUNs) on a single SCSI ID. In most cases FreeBSD only probes devices for LUN 0. An example are so called bridge boards that connect 2 non-SCSI harddisks to a @@ -16205,7 +16205,7 @@ Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: st1: Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue Tagged command queueing - Modern SCSI devices, particularly magnetic disks, + Modern SCSI devices, particularly magnetic disks, support what is called tagged command queuing (TCQ). In a nutshell, TCQ allows the device to have multiple I/O @@ -16937,7 +16937,7 @@ options "TUNE_1542" #dynamic tune of bus DMA speed Reported by: Pedro A M Vazquez vazquez@IQM.Unicamp.BR - Mike Smith + Mike Smith msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au @@ -19627,20 +19627,20 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure # Guest bathroom - You know how to connect your modem to your computer + You know how to connect your modem to your computer so that the two can communicate (unless you have an internal modem, which does not need such a cable) - You are familiar with your modem's command set, or + You are familiar with your modem's command set, or know where to look up needed commands - You know how to configure your modem (probably via a + You know how to configure your modem (probably via a terminal communications program) so you can set the non-volatile RAM parameters @@ -19659,35 +19659,35 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure # Guest bathroom - Transmitted Data (SD) + Transmitted Data (SD) - Received Data (RD) + Received Data (RD) - Request to Send (RTS) + Request to Send (RTS) - Clear to Send (CTS) + Clear to Send (CTS) - Data Set Ready (DSR) + Data Set Ready (DSR) - Data Terminal Ready (DTR) + Data Terminal Ready (DTR) - Carrier Detect (CD) + Carrier Detect (CD) - Signal Ground (SG) + Signal Ground (SG) @@ -20272,38 +20272,38 @@ stty -f /dev/ttyd3 crtscts - CD asserted when connected + CD asserted when connected - DTR asserted for operation; dropping + DTR asserted for operation; dropping DTR hangs up line & resets modem - CTS transmitted data flow control + CTS transmitted data flow control - Disable XON/XOFF flow control + Disable XON/XOFF flow control - RTS received data flow control + RTS received data flow control - Quiet mode (no result codes) + Quiet mode (no result codes) - No command echo + No command echo @@ -20335,43 +20335,43 @@ AT&C1&D2&H1&I0&R2&W - Switch 1: UP - DTR Normal + Switch 1: UP - DTR Normal - Switch 2: Do not care (Verbal Result Codes/Numeric + Switch 2: Do not care (Verbal Result Codes/Numeric Result Codes) - Switch 3: UP - Suppress Result Codes + Switch 3: UP - Suppress Result Codes - Switch 4: DOWN - No echo, offline commands + Switch 4: DOWN - No echo, offline commands - Switch 5: UP - Auto Answer + Switch 5: UP - Auto Answer - Switch 6: UP - Carrier Detect Normal + Switch 6: UP - Carrier Detect Normal - Switch 7: UP - Load NVRAM Defaults + Switch 7: UP - Load NVRAM Defaults - Switch 8: Do not care (Smart Mode/Dumb Mode) + Switch 8: Do not care (Smart Mode/Dumb Mode) @@ -20522,20 +20522,20 @@ AT&B2&W - The initial capability name specified in + The initial capability name specified in /etc/ttys for the line matches a name of a capability in /etc/gettytab - Each nx= entry matches another + Each nx= entry matches another gettytab capability name - Each tc= entry matches another + Each tc= entry matches another gettytab capability name @@ -22209,13 +22209,13 @@ sendmail_flags="-bd" - as a client , i.e. you want to connect your machine to + as a client , i.e. you want to connect your machine to outside world via PPP serial connection or modem line. - as a server , i.e. your machine is located on the + as a server , i.e. your machine is located on the network and used to connect other computers using PPP. @@ -22258,19 +22258,19 @@ defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be your - Dial to the remote host using kermit ( or other modem + Dial to the remote host using kermit ( or other modem program ) enter your user name and password ( or whatever is needed to enable PPP on the remote host ) - Exit kermit. ( without hanging up the line ) + Exit kermit. ( without hanging up the line ) - enter: + enter: &prompt.root; /usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd /dev/tty01 19200 @@ -23186,20 +23186,20 @@ pseudo-device sl 2 - SLIP user's login ID + SLIP user's login ID - Local address (local to the SLIP server) of the SLIP + Local address (local to the SLIP server) of the SLIP link - Remote address of the SLIP link + Remote address of the SLIP link - Network mask + Network mask @@ -23228,22 +23228,22 @@ Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmerg 0xfffffc00 autocomp - normal - no header + normal - no header compression - compress - compress + compress - compress headers - autocomp - compress + autocomp - compress headers if the remote end allows it - noicmp - disable ICMP + noicmp - disable ICMP packets (so any ping packets will be dropped instead of using up your bandwidth) @@ -24041,7 +24041,7 @@ freebox:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-w=1024 0 0 - Find a machine that will be your server. This machine + Find a machine that will be your server. This machine will require enough disk space to hold the FreeBSD 2.0 binaries and have bootp, tftp and NFS services available. Tested machines: @@ -24165,7 +24165,7 @@ hostname myclient.mydomain - Unpack the root filesystem in the directory the client + Unpack the root filesystem in the directory the client will use for its root filesystem (/rootfs/myclient in the example above). @@ -24173,7 +24173,7 @@ hostname myclient.mydomain - On HP-UX systems: The server should be running + On HP-UX systems: The server should be running HP-UX 9.04 or later for HP9000/800 series machines. Prior versions do not allow the creation of device files over NFS. @@ -24181,7 +24181,7 @@ hostname myclient.mydomain - When extracting /dev in + When extracting /dev in /rootfs/myclient, beware that some systems (HPUX) will not create device files that FreeBSD is happy with. You may have to go to single @@ -24550,7 +24550,7 @@ ISDN BRI line Contributed by &a.wlloyd;. - Electronic Mail configuration is the subject of many Electronic Mail configuration is the subject of many books. If you plan on doing anything beyond setting up one mailhost for your network, you need industrial strength help. @@ -24574,7 +24574,7 @@ ISDN BRI line User program - This is a program like elm, pine, + This is a program like elm, pine, mail , or something more sophisticated like a WWW browser. This program will simply pass off all e-mail transactions to the local mailhost , @@ -24586,7 +24586,7 @@ ISDN BRI line Mailhost Server Daemon - Usually this program is sendmail or + Usually this program is sendmail or smail running in the background. Turn it off or change the command line options in /etc/rc.conf (or, prior to FreeBSD 2.2.2, @@ -24599,7 +24599,7 @@ ISDN BRI line secure site. Some versions of sendmail have known security problems. - sendmail + sendmail does two jobs. It looks after delivering and receiving mail. @@ -24608,7 +24608,7 @@ ISDN BRI line the DNS to determine the actual host that will receive mail for the destination. - If it is acting as a delivery agent sendmail will take the message from the + If it is acting as a delivery agent sendmail will take the message from the local queue and deliver it across the Internet to another sendmail on the receivers computer. @@ -24633,7 +24633,7 @@ ISDN BRI line POP Servers - This program gets the mail from your mailbox and gives it to + This program gets the mail from your mailbox and gives it to your browser. If you want to run a POP server on your computer, you will need to do 2 things. @@ -25191,14 +25191,14 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - Members of the FreeBSD group who are actively working + Members of the FreeBSD group who are actively working on some part of the source tree and for whom keeping `current' is an absolute requirement. - Members of the FreeBSD group who are active testers, + Members of the FreeBSD group who are active testers, willing to spend time working through problems in order to ensure that FreeBSD-current remains as sane as possible. These are also people who wish to make topical suggestions @@ -25207,7 +25207,7 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - Peripheral members of the FreeBSD (or some other) + Peripheral members of the FreeBSD (or some other) group who merely wish to keep an eye on things and use the current sources for reference purposes (e.g. for reading, not running). These people @@ -25226,19 +25226,19 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - A fast-track to getting pre-release bits because you + A fast-track to getting pre-release bits because you heard there is some cool new feature in there and you want to be the first on your block to have it. - A quick way of getting bug fixes. + A quick way of getting bug fixes. - In any way officially supported by us. We do our + In any way officially supported by us. We do our best to help people genuinely in one of the 3 legitimate FreeBSD-current categories, but we simply do not have the time to provide tech support for it. @@ -25263,7 +25263,7 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - Join the &a.current; and the &a.cvsall; . This is not + Join the &a.current; and the &a.cvsall; . This is not just a good idea, it is essential. If you are not on the FreeBSD-current mailing list you will not see the comments that people are @@ -25292,27 +25292,27 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do + Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do this in three ways: - Use the + Use the facility. Unless you have a good TCP/IP connection at a flat rate, this is the way to do it. - Use the + Use the program with this supfile. This is the second most recommended method, since it allows you to grab the entire collection once and then only what has changed from then on. Many people run cvsup from cron and keep their sources up-to-date automatically. - Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-current is + Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-current is always exported on: ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current We also use `wu-ftpd' which allows compressed/tar'd grabbing of whole trees. e.g. you see: @@ -25332,14 +25332,14 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the + Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the source and communications bandwidth is not a consideration, use cvsup or ftp. Otherwise, use CTM. - If you are grabbing the sources to run, and not just + If you are grabbing the sources to run, and not just look at, then grab all of current, not just selected portions. The reason for this is that various parts of the source depend on updates elsewhere, and trying @@ -25349,7 +25349,7 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Before compiling current, read the Makefile in + Before compiling current, read the Makefile in /usr/src carefully. You should at least run a the first time @@ -25361,7 +25361,7 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Be active! If you are running FreeBSD-current, we + Be active! If you are running FreeBSD-current, we want to know what you have to say about it, especially if you have suggestions for enhancements or bug fixes. Suggestions with accompanying code are received most @@ -25423,7 +25423,7 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Join the &a.stable; . This will keep you informed of + Join the &a.stable; . This will keep you informed of build-dependencies that may appear in stable or any other issues requiring special attention. Developers will also make announcements @@ -25443,27 +25443,27 @@ subscribe freebsd-stable - Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do + Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do this in three ways: - Use the + Use the facility. Unless you have a good TCP/IP connection at a flat rate, this is the way to do it. - Use the + Use the program with this supfile. This is the second most recommended method, since it allows you to grab the entire collection once and then only what has changed from then on. Many people run cvsup from cron to keep their sources up-to-date automatically. - Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-stable is + Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-stable is always exported on: ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-stable @@ -25491,14 +25491,14 @@ subscribe freebsd-stable - Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the + Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the source and communications bandwidth is not a consideration, use cvsup or ftp. Otherwise, use CTM. - Before compiling stable, read the Makefile in + Before compiling stable, read the Makefile in /usr/src carefully. You should at least run a the first time @@ -26575,7 +26575,7 @@ cvs-crypto collections are reflected by the use of indentation in the list below. - The most commonly used collections are src-all, cvs-crypto, and ports-all. The other collections are used + The most commonly used collections are src-all, cvs-crypto, and ports-all. The other collections are used only by small groups of people for specialized purposes, and some mirror sites may not carry all of them. @@ -28434,7 +28434,7 @@ THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. # Date created: 5 December 1994 # Whom: asami # -# $Id: book.sgml,v 1.34 1998-10-21 21:51:11 nik Exp $ +# $Id: book.sgml,v 1.35 1998-10-21 21:52:28 nik Exp $ # DISTNAME= oneko-1.1b @@ -31377,7 +31377,7 @@ pre-install: - Issei SuzukiIssei Suzuki<issei@t-cnet.or.jp> @@ -32827,20 +32827,20 @@ MAINTAINER= email-addresses - Which files have been left out + Which files have been left out - Where the original distribution was obtained from and/or + Where the original distribution was obtained from and/or the official master site. - Where to send patches back to the original authors + Where to send patches back to the original authors - Perhaps an overview of the FreeBSD-specific changes that + Perhaps an overview of the FreeBSD-specific changes that have been made. @@ -33877,7 +33877,7 @@ linux - In /etc/rc.conf, you need the + In /etc/rc.conf, you need the following line: @@ -33887,7 +33887,7 @@ linux_enable=YES - This, in turn, triggers the following action in + This, in turn, triggers the following action in /etc/rc.i386: @@ -39952,7 +39952,7 @@ help id="pgpkeys"> PGP keys - In case you need to verify a signature or send encrypted email to + In case you need to verify a signature or send encrypted email to one of the officers or core team members a number of keys are provided here for your convenience. diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml index d44ec0c973..778866db92 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml @@ -2054,7 +2054,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent The FreeBSD Ports collection allows you to compile and install a very wide range of applications with a minimum of effort. - For all the hype about open standards, getting a program to work + For all the hype about open standards, getting a program to work on different versions of Unix in the real world can be a tedious and tricky business, as anyone who has tried it will know. You may be lucky enough to find that the program you want will compile cleanly on @@ -2064,7 +2064,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent and there are quite a few programs that will result in premature greying, or even chronic alopecia... - Some software distributions have attacked this problem by + Some software distributions have attacked this problem by providing configuration scripts. Some of these are very clever, but they have an unfortunate tendency to triumphantly announce that your system is something you have never heard of and then ask you lots of @@ -2074,7 +2074,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent Foonix style unacceptable exception handling? And if not, why not?). - Fortunately, with the Ports collection, all the hard work + Fortunately, with the Ports collection, all the hard work involved has already been done, and you can just type 'make install' and get a working program. @@ -2124,13 +2124,13 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent - Obviously it would be unreasonable to expect everyone to port + Obviously it would be unreasonable to expect everyone to port their favourite programs by hand (not to mention a tremendous amount of duplicated work), so the FreeBSD Project came up with an ingenious way of using standard tools that would automate the process. - Incidentally, this is an excellent illustration of how the + Incidentally, this is an excellent illustration of how the Unix way works in practice by combining a set of simple but very flexible tools into something very powerful. @@ -2168,7 +2168,7 @@ ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent How on earth can this do anything? I hear you cry. There is no source code there! - Fear not, gentle reader, all will become clear (hopefully). + Fear not, gentle reader, all will become clear (hopefully). Let's see what happens if we try and install a port. I have chosen ElectricFence, a useful tool for developers, as the skeleton is more straightforward than most. @@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc ===> Registering installation for ElectricFence-2.0.5 - To avoid confusing the issue, I have completely removed the + To avoid confusing the issue, I have completely removed the build output. If you tried this yourself, you may well have got something like @@ -2208,26 +2208,26 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - The make program has noticed that you did not have a local + The make program has noticed that you did not have a local copy of the source code and tried to FTP it down so it could get the job done. I already had the source handy in my example, so it did not need to fetch it. - Let's go through this and see what the make program was + Let's go through this and see what the make program was doing. - Locate the source code Locate the source code If it is not available locally, try to grab it from an FTP site. - Run a + Run a test on the tarball to make sure it has not been tampered with, accidentally truncated, downloaded in ASCII mode, struck by neutrinos while in transit, etc. @@ -2235,29 +2235,29 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - Extract the tarball into a temporary work directory. + Extract the tarball into a temporary work directory. - Apply any + Apply any needed to get the source to compile and run under FreeBSD. - Run any configuration script required by the build + Run any configuration script required by the build process and correctly answer any questions it asks. - (Finally!) Compile the code. + (Finally!) Compile the code. - Install the program executable and other supporting + Install the program executable and other supporting files, man pages, etc. under the /usr/local hierarchy, where they will not get mixed up with system programs. This also makes sure that @@ -2267,7 +2267,7 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - Register the installation in a database. This means that, + Register the installation in a database. This means that, if you do not like the program, you can cleanly all traces of it from your system. @@ -2277,7 +2277,7 @@ install -c -o bin -g bin -m 444 /usr/ports/devel/ElectricFence/work/ElectricFenc - Scroll up to the make output and see if you can match these + Scroll up to the make output and see if you can match these steps to it. And if you were not impressed before, you should be by now! @@ -2603,13 +2603,13 @@ do-install: - Fix it yourself. Technical details on how ports work can + Fix it yourself. Technical details on how ports work can be found in - Gripe. This is done by e-mail *ONLY*! Send such e-mail to + Gripe. This is done by e-mail *ONLY*! Send such e-mail to the &a.ports; and please include the name/version of the port, where you got both the port source & distfile(s) from, and what the text of the error was. @@ -2617,13 +2617,13 @@ do-install: - Forget it. This is the easiest for most - very few of the + Forget it. This is the easiest for most - very few of the programs in ports can be classified as essential! - Grab the pre-compiled package from a ftp server. The + Grab the pre-compiled package from a ftp server. The master package collection is on FreeBSD's FTP server in the packages @@ -2687,27 +2687,27 @@ do-install: - The licensing conditions on some software + The licensing conditions on some software distributions require that they be distributed as source code, not binaries. - Some people do not trust binary distributions. At + Some people do not trust binary distributions. At least with source code you can (in theory) read through it and look for potential problems yourself. - If you have some local patches, you will need the + If you have some local patches, you will need the source to add them yourself. - You might have opinions on how a program should be + You might have opinions on how a program should be compiled that differ from the person who did the package - some people have strong views on what optimisation setting should be used, whether to build debug versions @@ -2716,7 +2716,7 @@ do-install: - Some people like having code around, so they can + Some people like having code around, so they can read it if they get bored, hack around with it, borrow from it (licence terms permitting, of course!) and so on. @@ -2724,7 +2724,7 @@ do-install: - If you ain't got the source, it ain't software! + If you ain't got the source, it ain't software! ;-) @@ -6626,7 +6626,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-intro-spooler"> What the Spooler Does - LPD controls everything about a host's printers. It is + LPD controls everything about a host's printers. It is responsible for a number of things: @@ -6694,7 +6694,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-intro-why"> Why You Should Use the Spooler - If you are the sole user of your system, you may be wondering + If you are the sole user of your system, you may be wondering why you should bother with the spooler when you do not need access control, header pages, or printer accounting. While it is possible to enable direct access to a printer, you should use the spooler @@ -6734,7 +6734,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-intro-setup"> Setting Up the Spooling System - To use printers with the LPD spooling system, you will need to + To use printers with the LPD spooling system, you will need to set up both your printer hardware and the LPD software. This document describes two levels of setup: @@ -6766,7 +6766,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-simple"> Simple Printer Setup - This section tells how to configure printer hardware and the + This section tells how to configure printer hardware and the LPD software to use the printer. It teaches the basics: @@ -6804,7 +6804,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-hardware"> Hardware Setup - This section tells about the various ways you can connect a + This section tells about the various ways you can connect a printer to your PC. It talks about the kinds of ports and cables, and also the kernel configuration you may need to enable FreeBSD to speak to the printer. @@ -6819,7 +6819,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-ports"> Ports and Cables - Nearly all printers you can get for a PC today support one + Nearly all printers you can get for a PC today support one or both of the following interfaces: @@ -6846,7 +6846,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 - Parallel interfaces are sometimes known as + Parallel interfaces are sometimes known as Centronics interfaces, named after the connector type on the printer. @@ -6911,7 +6911,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-parallel"> Parallel Ports - To hook up a printer using a parallel interface, connect + To hook up a printer using a parallel interface, connect the Centronics cable between the printer and the computer. The instructions that came with the printer, the computer, or both should give you complete guidance. @@ -6926,7 +6926,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-serial"> Serial Ports - To hook up a printer using a serial interface, connect the + To hook up a printer using a serial interface, connect the proper serial cable between the printer and the computer. The instructions that came with the printer, the computer, or both should give you complete guidance. @@ -6981,7 +6981,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-software"> Software Setup - This section describes the software setup necessary to print + This section describes the software setup necessary to print with the LPD spooling system in FreeBSD. Here is an outline of the steps involved: @@ -7026,7 +7026,7 @@ FreeBSD BUILT-19950429 (GR386) #0: Sat Apr 29 17:50:09 SAT 1995 id="printing-kernel"> Kernel Configuration - The operating system kernel is compiled to work with a + The operating system kernel is compiled to work with a specific set of devices. The serial or parallel interface for your printer is a part of that set. Therefore, it might be necessary to add support for an additional serial or parallel @@ -7070,7 +7070,7 @@ sio2: type 16550A Adding <filename>/dev</filename> Entries for the Ports - Even though the kernel may support communication along a + Even though the kernel may support communication along a serial or parallel port, you will still need a software interface through which programs running on the system can send and receive data. That is what entries in the @@ -7127,7 +7127,7 @@ sio2: type 16550A Setting the Communication Mode for the Parallel Port - When you are using the parallel interface, you can choose + When you are using the parallel interface, you can choose whether FreeBSD should use interrupt-driven or polled communication with the printer. @@ -7237,7 +7237,7 @@ device lpt0 at isa? port? tty vector lptintr id="printing-testing"> Checking Printer Communications - Before proceeding to configure the spooling system, you + Before proceeding to configure the spooling system, you should make sure the operating system can successfully send data to your printer. It is a lot easier to debug printer communication and the spooling system separately. @@ -7274,7 +7274,7 @@ showpage id="printing-checking-parallel"> Checking a Parallel Printer - This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can + This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can communicate with a printer connected to a parallel port. @@ -7317,7 +7317,7 @@ showpage - Alternatively, you can put the program in a + Alternatively, you can put the program in a file and type &prompt.root; cat file > /dev/lptN @@ -7343,7 +7343,7 @@ showpage id="printing-checking-serial"> Checking a Serial Printer - This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can + This section tells you how to check if FreeBSD can communicate with a printer on a serial port. To test a printer on a serial @@ -7418,7 +7418,7 @@ printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none - Alternatively, you can put the program in a + Alternatively, you can put the program in a file and type ~>file @@ -7448,7 +7448,7 @@ printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none /etc/printcap File - At this point, your printer should be hooked up, your + At this point, your printer should be hooked up, your kernel configured to communicate with it (if necessary), and you have been able to send some simple data to the printer. Now, we are ready to configure LPD to control access to your @@ -7552,7 +7552,7 @@ printer:dv=/dev/ttyd2:br#19200:pa=none id="printing-naming"> Naming the Printer - The first (easy) step is to pick a name for your printer. + The first (easy) step is to pick a name for your printer. It really does not matter whether you choose functional or whimsical names since you can also provide a number aliases for the printer. @@ -7608,7 +7608,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4: id="printing-no-header-pages"> Suppressing Header Pages - The LPD spooling system will by default print a + The LPD spooling system will by default print a header page for each job. The header page contains the user name who requested the job, the host from which the job came, and the name of the job, in nice @@ -7643,7 +7643,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-spooldir"> Making the Spooling Directory - The next step in the simple spooler setup is to make a + The next step in the simple spooler setup is to make a spooling directory, a directory where print jobs reside until they are printed, and where a number of other spooler support files live. @@ -7719,7 +7719,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-device"> Identifying the Printer Device - In section In section , we identified which entry in the /dev directory FreeBSD will use to communicate with the printer. Now, we tell LPD @@ -7770,7 +7770,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-commparam"> Configuring Spooler Communication Parameters - For printers on serial ports, LPD can set up the bps + For printers on serial ports, LPD can set up the bps rate, parity, and other serial communication parameters on behalf of the filter program that sends data to the printer. This is advantageous since @@ -7882,7 +7882,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-textfilter"> Installing the Text Filter - We are now ready to tell LPD what text filter to use to + We are now ready to tell LPD what text filter to use to send jobs to the printer. A text filter, also known as an input filter, is a program that LPD runs when it has a job to print. When LPD @@ -7957,7 +7957,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-trying"> Trying It Out - You have reached the end of the simple LPD setup. + You have reached the end of the simple LPD setup. Unfortunately, congratulations are not quite yet in order, since we still have to test the setup and correct any problems. To test the setup, try printing something. To @@ -7975,7 +7975,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ To test the simple LPD setup: - Type: + Type: &prompt.root; lptest 20 5 | lpr -Pprinter-name where Troubleshooting - After performing the simple test with + After performing the simple test with lptest, you might have gotten one of the following results instead of the correct printout: It worked, after awhile; or, it did not @@ -8144,7 +8144,7 @@ exit 2 - Here is an example text filter for printers + Here is an example text filter for printers that understand the Hewlett-Packard PCL escape codes. This filter makes the printer treat LF characters as a LF and CR; then it sends the @@ -8321,7 +8321,7 @@ rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ id="printing-using"> Using Printers - This section tells you how to use printers you have setup with + This section tells you how to use printers you have setup with FreeBSD. Here is an overview of the user-level commands: @@ -8419,7 +8419,7 @@ rattan|line|diablo|lp|Diablo 630 Line Printer:\ id="printing-lpq"> Checking Jobs - When you print with + When you print with lpr, the data you wish to print is put together in a package called a print job, which is sent to the LPD spooling @@ -8498,7 +8498,7 @@ mary: 3rd [job 011rose] id="printing-lprm"> Removing Jobs - If you change your mind about printing a job, you can remove + If you change your mind about printing a job, you can remove the job from the queue with the lprm command. Often, you can even use @@ -8593,7 +8593,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options"> Beyond Plain Text: Printing Options - The + The lpr command supports a number of options that control formatting text, converting graphic and other file formats, producing multiple @@ -8605,7 +8605,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options-format"> Formatting and Conversion Options - The following + The following lpr options control formatting of the files in the job. Use these options if the job does not contain plain text or if you want @@ -8764,7 +8764,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options-job-handling"> Job Handling Options - The following options to + The following options to lpr tell LPD to handle the job specially: @@ -8781,7 +8781,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued linkend="printing-advanced-restricting-copies" remap="Restricting Multiple Copies">. - This example prints three copies of + This example prints three copies of parser.c followed by three copies of parser.h to the default printer: @@ -8849,7 +8849,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpr-options-misc"> Header Page Options - These options to + These options to lpr adjust the text that normally appears on a job's header page. If header pages are suppressed for the destination printer, @@ -8903,7 +8903,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-lpc"> Administrating Printers - As an administrator for your printers, you have had to + As an administrator for your printers, you have had to install, set up, and test them. Using the lpc command, you can interact with your printers in yet more ways. @@ -9113,7 +9113,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-advanced"> Advanced Printer Setup - This section describes filters for printing specially formatted + This section describes filters for printing specially formatted files, header pages, printing across networks, and restricting and accounting for printer usage. @@ -9122,7 +9122,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-advanced-filter-intro"> Filters - Although LPD handles network protocols, queuing, access + Although LPD handles network protocols, queuing, access control, and other aspects of printing, most of the real work happens in the filters. Filters are programs that @@ -9234,7 +9234,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued id="printing-advanced-filters"> How Filters Work - As mentioned before, a filter is an executable program + As mentioned before, a filter is an executable program started by LPD to handle the device-dependent part of communicating with the printer. @@ -9457,7 +9457,7 @@ cfA013rose dequeued Accommodating Plain Text Jobs on PostScript Printers - If you are the only user of your computer and PostScript + If you are the only user of your computer and PostScript (or other language-based) printer, and you promise to never send plain text to your printer and to never use features of various programs that will want to send plain text to your printer, then @@ -9549,7 +9549,7 @@ fi Simulating PostScript on Non-PostScript Printers - PostScript is the de facto + PostScript is the de facto standard for high quality typesetting and printing. PostScript is, however, an expensive standard. Thankfully, Alladin Enterprises has a free PostScript work-alike @@ -9625,7 +9625,7 @@ exit 2 id="printing-advanced-convfilters"> Conversion Filters - After completing the simple setup described in After completing the simple setup described in , the first thing you will probably want to do is install conversion filters for your favorite file formats (besides plain ASCII @@ -9635,7 +9635,7 @@ exit 2 Why Install Conversion Filters? - Conversion filters make printing various kinds of files + Conversion filters make printing various kinds of files easy. As an example, suppose we do a lot of work with the TeX typesetting system, and we have a PostScript printer. Every time we generate a DVI file from TeX, we cannot print it @@ -9671,7 +9671,7 @@ exit 2 Which Conversions Filters Should I Install? - You should install the conversion filters you expect to + You should install the conversion filters you expect to use. If you print a lot of DVI data, then a DVI conversion filter is in order. If you have got plenty of troff to print out, then you probably want a troff filter. @@ -9764,7 +9764,7 @@ exit 2 Installing Conversion Filters - Since conversion filters are programs you install outside + Since conversion filters are programs you install outside of the base FreeBSD installation, they should probably go under /usr/local. The directory /usr/local/libexec is a popular location, @@ -9822,7 +9822,7 @@ exec /usr/local/bin/dvips -f | /usr/local/libexec/lprps "$@" More Conversion Filter Examples - Since there is no fixed set of steps to install + Since there is no fixed set of steps to install conversion filters, let me instead provide more examples. Use these as guidance to making your own filters. Use them directly, if appropriate. @@ -10038,7 +10038,7 @@ exit 0 Filters - All these conversion filters accomplish a lot for your + All these conversion filters accomplish a lot for your printing environment, but at the cost forcing the user to specify (on the lpr @@ -10069,7 +10069,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-of"> Output Filters - The LPD spooling system supports one other type of filter + The LPD spooling system supports one other type of filter that we have not yet explored: an output filter. An output filter is intended for printing plain text only, like the text filter, but with many simplifications. If you are using an @@ -10155,7 +10155,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-lpf"> <command>lpf</command>: a Text Filter - The program /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf that + The program /usr/libexec/lpr/lpf that comes with FreeBSD binary distribution is a text filter (input filter) that can indent output (job submitted with lpr -i), allow literal characters to pass (job submitted with lpr -l), adjust the @@ -10187,7 +10187,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-header-pages"> Header Pages - If you have lots of users, all of them + If you have lots of users, all of them using various printers, then you probably want to consider header pages as a necessary evil. @@ -10216,7 +10216,7 @@ exit 0 id="printing-advanced-header-pages-enabling"> Enabling Header Pages - In the , we turned off header pages by specifying sh (meaning suppress header) in the /etc/printcap file. To @@ -10282,7 +10282,7 @@ teak|hp|laserjet|Hewlett Packard LaserJet 3Si:\ id="printing-advanced-header-pages-controlling"> Controlling Header Pages - By enabling header pages, LPD will produce a long + By enabling header pages, LPD will produce a long header, a full page of large letters identifying the user, host, and job. Here is an example (kelly printed the job named outline from host rose): @@ -10356,7 +10356,7 @@ rose:kelly Job: outline Date: Sun Sep 17 11:07:51 1995 id="printing-advanced-header-pages-accounting"> Accounting for Header Pages - Using LPD's built-in header pages enforces a particular + Using LPD's built-in header pages enforces a particular paradigm when it comes to printer accounting: header pages must be free of charge. @@ -10435,7 +10435,7 @@ rose:kelly Job: outline Date: Sun Sep 17 11:07:51 1995 id="printing-advanced-header-pages-ps"> Header Pages on PostScript Printers - As described above, LPD can generate a plain text header + As described above, LPD can generate a plain text header page suitable for many printers. Of course, PostScript cannot directly print plain text, so the header page feature of LPD is useless---or mostly so. @@ -10609,7 +10609,7 @@ done id="printing-advanced-network-printers"> Networked Printing - FreeBSD supports networked printing: sending jobs to remote + FreeBSD supports networked printing: sending jobs to remote printers. Networked printing generally refers to two different things: @@ -10668,7 +10668,7 @@ done id="printing-advanced-network-rm"> Printers Installed on Remote Hosts - The LPD spooling system has built-in support for sending + The LPD spooling system has built-in support for sending jobs to other hosts also running LPD (or are compatible with LPD). This feature enables you to install a printer on one host and make it accessible from other hosts. It also works with @@ -10797,7 +10797,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-network-net-if"> Printers with Networked Data Stream Interfaces - Often, when you buy a network interface card for a printer, + Often, when you buy a network interface card for a printer, you can get two versions: one which emulates a spooler (the more expensive version), or one which just lets you send data to it as if you were using a serial or parallel port (the cheaper @@ -10874,7 +10874,7 @@ exit 0; id="printing-advanced-restricting"> Restricting Printer Usage - This section gives information on restricting printer usage. + This section gives information on restricting printer usage. The LPD system lets you control who can access a printer, both locally or remotely, whether they can print multiple copies, how large their jobs can be, and how large the printer queues can @@ -10885,7 +10885,7 @@ exit 0; id="printing-advanced-restricting-copies"> Restricting Multiple Copies - The LPD system makes it easy for users to print multiple + The LPD system makes it easy for users to print multiple copies of a file. Users can print jobs with lpr -#5 (for example) and get five copies of each file in the job. Whether this is a good thing is up to you. @@ -10970,7 +10970,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-restricting-access"> Restricting Access To Printers - You can control who can print to what printers by using the + You can control who can print to what printers by using the UNIX group mechanism and the rg capability in /etc/printcap. Just place the users you want to have access to a printer in a certain @@ -11025,7 +11025,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-restricting-sizes"> Controlling Sizes of Jobs Submitted - If you have many users accessing the printers, you probably + If you have many users accessing the printers, you probably need to put an upper limit on the sizes of the files users can submit to print. After all, there is only so much free space on the filesystem that houses the spooling directories, and you @@ -11096,7 +11096,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-restricting-remote"> Restricting Jobs from Remote Printers - The LPD spooling system provides several ways to restrict + The LPD spooling system provides several ways to restrict print jobs submitted from remote hosts: @@ -11216,7 +11216,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ id="printing-advanced-acct"> Accounting for Printer Usage - So, you need to charge for printouts. And why not? Paper + So, you need to charge for printouts. And why not? Paper and ink cost money. And then there are maintenance costs---printers are loaded with moving parts and tend to break down. You have examined your printers, usage patterns, and @@ -11283,7 +11283,7 @@ bamboo|ps|PS|S|panasonic|Panasonic KX-P4455 PostScript v51.4:\ Quick and Dirty Printer Accounting - FreeBSD comes with two programs that can get you set up + FreeBSD comes with two programs that can get you set up with simple periodic accounting right away. They are the text filter lpf, described in section Alternatives to the Standard Spooler - If you have been reading straight through this manual, by now + If you have been reading straight through this manual, by now you have learned just about everything there is to know about the LPD spooling system that comes with FreeBSD. You can probably appreciate many of its shortcomings, which naturally leads to the @@ -11599,7 +11599,7 @@ total 337.00 154 $ 6.74 Acknowledgments - I would like to thank the following people who have assisted in + I would like to thank the following people who have assisted in the development of this document: @@ -11631,7 +11631,7 @@ total 337.00 154 $ 6.74 - + @@ -16163,7 +16163,7 @@ Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: st1: Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue Multiple LUN devices - In some cases you come across devices that use multiple + In some cases you come across devices that use multiple logical units (LUNs) on a single SCSI ID. In most cases FreeBSD only probes devices for LUN 0. An example are so called bridge boards that connect 2 non-SCSI harddisks to a @@ -16205,7 +16205,7 @@ Mar 29 21:16:37 yedi /kernel: st1: Archive Viper 150 is a known rogue Tagged command queueing - Modern SCSI devices, particularly magnetic disks, + Modern SCSI devices, particularly magnetic disks, support what is called tagged command queuing (TCQ). In a nutshell, TCQ allows the device to have multiple I/O @@ -16937,7 +16937,7 @@ options "TUNE_1542" #dynamic tune of bus DMA speed Reported by: Pedro A M Vazquez vazquez@IQM.Unicamp.BR - Mike Smith + Mike Smith msmith@atrad.adelaide.edu.au @@ -19627,20 +19627,20 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure # Guest bathroom - You know how to connect your modem to your computer + You know how to connect your modem to your computer so that the two can communicate (unless you have an internal modem, which does not need such a cable) - You are familiar with your modem's command set, or + You are familiar with your modem's command set, or know where to look up needed commands - You know how to configure your modem (probably via a + You know how to configure your modem (probably via a terminal communications program) so you can set the non-volatile RAM parameters @@ -19659,35 +19659,35 @@ ttyd5 "/usr/libexec/getty std.19200" vt100 on insecure # Guest bathroom - Transmitted Data (SD) + Transmitted Data (SD) - Received Data (RD) + Received Data (RD) - Request to Send (RTS) + Request to Send (RTS) - Clear to Send (CTS) + Clear to Send (CTS) - Data Set Ready (DSR) + Data Set Ready (DSR) - Data Terminal Ready (DTR) + Data Terminal Ready (DTR) - Carrier Detect (CD) + Carrier Detect (CD) - Signal Ground (SG) + Signal Ground (SG) @@ -20272,38 +20272,38 @@ stty -f /dev/ttyd3 crtscts - CD asserted when connected + CD asserted when connected - DTR asserted for operation; dropping + DTR asserted for operation; dropping DTR hangs up line & resets modem - CTS transmitted data flow control + CTS transmitted data flow control - Disable XON/XOFF flow control + Disable XON/XOFF flow control - RTS received data flow control + RTS received data flow control - Quiet mode (no result codes) + Quiet mode (no result codes) - No command echo + No command echo @@ -20335,43 +20335,43 @@ AT&C1&D2&H1&I0&R2&W - Switch 1: UP - DTR Normal + Switch 1: UP - DTR Normal - Switch 2: Do not care (Verbal Result Codes/Numeric + Switch 2: Do not care (Verbal Result Codes/Numeric Result Codes) - Switch 3: UP - Suppress Result Codes + Switch 3: UP - Suppress Result Codes - Switch 4: DOWN - No echo, offline commands + Switch 4: DOWN - No echo, offline commands - Switch 5: UP - Auto Answer + Switch 5: UP - Auto Answer - Switch 6: UP - Carrier Detect Normal + Switch 6: UP - Carrier Detect Normal - Switch 7: UP - Load NVRAM Defaults + Switch 7: UP - Load NVRAM Defaults - Switch 8: Do not care (Smart Mode/Dumb Mode) + Switch 8: Do not care (Smart Mode/Dumb Mode) @@ -20522,20 +20522,20 @@ AT&B2&W - The initial capability name specified in + The initial capability name specified in /etc/ttys for the line matches a name of a capability in /etc/gettytab - Each nx= entry matches another + Each nx= entry matches another gettytab capability name - Each tc= entry matches another + Each tc= entry matches another gettytab capability name @@ -22209,13 +22209,13 @@ sendmail_flags="-bd" - as a client , i.e. you want to connect your machine to + as a client , i.e. you want to connect your machine to outside world via PPP serial connection or modem line. - as a server , i.e. your machine is located on the + as a server , i.e. your machine is located on the network and used to connect other computers using PPP. @@ -22258,19 +22258,19 @@ defaultroute # put this if you want that PPP server will be your - Dial to the remote host using kermit ( or other modem + Dial to the remote host using kermit ( or other modem program ) enter your user name and password ( or whatever is needed to enable PPP on the remote host ) - Exit kermit. ( without hanging up the line ) + Exit kermit. ( without hanging up the line ) - enter: + enter: &prompt.root; /usr/src/usr.sbin/pppd.new/pppd /dev/tty01 19200 @@ -23186,20 +23186,20 @@ pseudo-device sl 2 - SLIP user's login ID + SLIP user's login ID - Local address (local to the SLIP server) of the SLIP + Local address (local to the SLIP server) of the SLIP link - Remote address of the SLIP link + Remote address of the SLIP link - Network mask + Network mask @@ -23228,22 +23228,22 @@ Shelmerg dc-slip sl-helmerg 0xfffffc00 autocomp - normal - no header + normal - no header compression - compress - compress + compress - compress headers - autocomp - compress + autocomp - compress headers if the remote end allows it - noicmp - disable ICMP + noicmp - disable ICMP packets (so any ping packets will be dropped instead of using up your bandwidth) @@ -24041,7 +24041,7 @@ freebox:/sharedfs /project nfs rw,-w=1024 0 0 - Find a machine that will be your server. This machine + Find a machine that will be your server. This machine will require enough disk space to hold the FreeBSD 2.0 binaries and have bootp, tftp and NFS services available. Tested machines: @@ -24165,7 +24165,7 @@ hostname myclient.mydomain - Unpack the root filesystem in the directory the client + Unpack the root filesystem in the directory the client will use for its root filesystem (/rootfs/myclient in the example above). @@ -24173,7 +24173,7 @@ hostname myclient.mydomain - On HP-UX systems: The server should be running + On HP-UX systems: The server should be running HP-UX 9.04 or later for HP9000/800 series machines. Prior versions do not allow the creation of device files over NFS. @@ -24181,7 +24181,7 @@ hostname myclient.mydomain - When extracting /dev in + When extracting /dev in /rootfs/myclient, beware that some systems (HPUX) will not create device files that FreeBSD is happy with. You may have to go to single @@ -24550,7 +24550,7 @@ ISDN BRI line Contributed by &a.wlloyd;. - Electronic Mail configuration is the subject of many Electronic Mail configuration is the subject of many books. If you plan on doing anything beyond setting up one mailhost for your network, you need industrial strength help. @@ -24574,7 +24574,7 @@ ISDN BRI line User program - This is a program like elm, pine, + This is a program like elm, pine, mail , or something more sophisticated like a WWW browser. This program will simply pass off all e-mail transactions to the local mailhost , @@ -24586,7 +24586,7 @@ ISDN BRI line Mailhost Server Daemon - Usually this program is sendmail or + Usually this program is sendmail or smail running in the background. Turn it off or change the command line options in /etc/rc.conf (or, prior to FreeBSD 2.2.2, @@ -24599,7 +24599,7 @@ ISDN BRI line secure site. Some versions of sendmail have known security problems. - sendmail + sendmail does two jobs. It looks after delivering and receiving mail. @@ -24608,7 +24608,7 @@ ISDN BRI line the DNS to determine the actual host that will receive mail for the destination. - If it is acting as a delivery agent sendmail will take the message from the + If it is acting as a delivery agent sendmail will take the message from the local queue and deliver it across the Internet to another sendmail on the receivers computer. @@ -24633,7 +24633,7 @@ ISDN BRI line POP Servers - This program gets the mail from your mailbox and gives it to + This program gets the mail from your mailbox and gives it to your browser. If you want to run a POP server on your computer, you will need to do 2 things. @@ -25191,14 +25191,14 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - Members of the FreeBSD group who are actively working + Members of the FreeBSD group who are actively working on some part of the source tree and for whom keeping `current' is an absolute requirement. - Members of the FreeBSD group who are active testers, + Members of the FreeBSD group who are active testers, willing to spend time working through problems in order to ensure that FreeBSD-current remains as sane as possible. These are also people who wish to make topical suggestions @@ -25207,7 +25207,7 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - Peripheral members of the FreeBSD (or some other) + Peripheral members of the FreeBSD (or some other) group who merely wish to keep an eye on things and use the current sources for reference purposes (e.g. for reading, not running). These people @@ -25226,19 +25226,19 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - A fast-track to getting pre-release bits because you + A fast-track to getting pre-release bits because you heard there is some cool new feature in there and you want to be the first on your block to have it. - A quick way of getting bug fixes. + A quick way of getting bug fixes. - In any way officially supported by us. We do our + In any way officially supported by us. We do our best to help people genuinely in one of the 3 legitimate FreeBSD-current categories, but we simply do not have the time to provide tech support for it. @@ -25263,7 +25263,7 @@ an A record in the DNS for "customer.com". - Join the &a.current; and the &a.cvsall; . This is not + Join the &a.current; and the &a.cvsall; . This is not just a good idea, it is essential. If you are not on the FreeBSD-current mailing list you will not see the comments that people are @@ -25292,27 +25292,27 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do + Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do this in three ways: - Use the + Use the facility. Unless you have a good TCP/IP connection at a flat rate, this is the way to do it. - Use the + Use the program with this supfile. This is the second most recommended method, since it allows you to grab the entire collection once and then only what has changed from then on. Many people run cvsup from cron and keep their sources up-to-date automatically. - Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-current is + Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-current is always exported on: ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current We also use `wu-ftpd' which allows compressed/tar'd grabbing of whole trees. e.g. you see: @@ -25332,14 +25332,14 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the + Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the source and communications bandwidth is not a consideration, use cvsup or ftp. Otherwise, use CTM. - If you are grabbing the sources to run, and not just + If you are grabbing the sources to run, and not just look at, then grab all of current, not just selected portions. The reason for this is that various parts of the source depend on updates elsewhere, and trying @@ -25349,7 +25349,7 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Before compiling current, read the Makefile in + Before compiling current, read the Makefile in /usr/src carefully. You should at least run a the first time @@ -25361,7 +25361,7 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Be active! If you are running FreeBSD-current, we + Be active! If you are running FreeBSD-current, we want to know what you have to say about it, especially if you have suggestions for enhancements or bug fixes. Suggestions with accompanying code are received most @@ -25423,7 +25423,7 @@ subscribe cvs-all - Join the &a.stable; . This will keep you informed of + Join the &a.stable; . This will keep you informed of build-dependencies that may appear in stable or any other issues requiring special attention. Developers will also make announcements @@ -25443,27 +25443,27 @@ subscribe freebsd-stable - Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do + Grab the sources from ftp.FreeBSD.ORG. You can do this in three ways: - Use the + Use the facility. Unless you have a good TCP/IP connection at a flat rate, this is the way to do it. - Use the + Use the program with this supfile. This is the second most recommended method, since it allows you to grab the entire collection once and then only what has changed from then on. Many people run cvsup from cron to keep their sources up-to-date automatically. - Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-stable is + Use ftp. The source tree for FreeBSD-stable is always exported on: ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-stable @@ -25491,14 +25491,14 @@ subscribe freebsd-stable - Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the + Essentially, if you need rapid on-demand access to the source and communications bandwidth is not a consideration, use cvsup or ftp. Otherwise, use CTM. - Before compiling stable, read the Makefile in + Before compiling stable, read the Makefile in /usr/src carefully. You should at least run a the first time @@ -26575,7 +26575,7 @@ cvs-crypto collections are reflected by the use of indentation in the list below. - The most commonly used collections are src-all, cvs-crypto, and ports-all. The other collections are used + The most commonly used collections are src-all, cvs-crypto, and ports-all. The other collections are used only by small groups of people for specialized purposes, and some mirror sites may not carry all of them. @@ -28434,7 +28434,7 @@ THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. # Date created: 5 December 1994 # Whom: asami # -# $Id: book.sgml,v 1.34 1998-10-21 21:51:11 nik Exp $ +# $Id: book.sgml,v 1.35 1998-10-21 21:52:28 nik Exp $ # DISTNAME= oneko-1.1b @@ -31377,7 +31377,7 @@ pre-install: - Issei SuzukiIssei Suzuki<issei@t-cnet.or.jp> @@ -32827,20 +32827,20 @@ MAINTAINER= email-addresses - Which files have been left out + Which files have been left out - Where the original distribution was obtained from and/or + Where the original distribution was obtained from and/or the official master site. - Where to send patches back to the original authors + Where to send patches back to the original authors - Perhaps an overview of the FreeBSD-specific changes that + Perhaps an overview of the FreeBSD-specific changes that have been made. @@ -33877,7 +33877,7 @@ linux - In /etc/rc.conf, you need the + In /etc/rc.conf, you need the following line: @@ -33887,7 +33887,7 @@ linux_enable=YES - This, in turn, triggers the following action in + This, in turn, triggers the following action in /etc/rc.i386: @@ -39952,7 +39952,7 @@ help id="pgpkeys"> PGP keys - In case you need to verify a signature or send encrypted email to + In case you need to verify a signature or send encrypted email to one of the officers or core team members a number of keys are provided here for your convenience.