Move the quotas chapter into the disks chapter.
This commit is contained in:
Jim Mock
parent
2ccbd656fa
commit
f1bb87de1d
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=6809
9 changed files with 480 additions and 293 deletions
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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#
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#
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||||||
# $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile,v 1.26 1999/09/06 06:52:44 peter Exp $
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# $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile,v 1.27 2000/03/08 11:12:10 nbm Exp $
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#
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#
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# Build the FreeBSD Handbook.
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# Build the FreeBSD Handbook.
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||||||
#
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#
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||||||
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@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ SRCS+= advanced-networking/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= backups/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= backups/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= basics/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= basics/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= bibliography/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= bibliography/chapter.sgml
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||||||
|
SRCS+= boot/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= contrib/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= contrib/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= cutting-edge/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= cutting-edge/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= disks/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= disks/chapter.sgml
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||||||
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@ -43,7 +44,6 @@ SRCS+= pgpkeys/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= policies/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= policies/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= printing/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= printing/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= quotas/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= security/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= security/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= serialcomms/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= serialcomms/chapter.sgml
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||||||
SRCS+= staff/chapter.sgml
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SRCS+= staff/chapter.sgml
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||||||
|
|
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||||||
|
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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||||||
<!--
|
<!--
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||||||
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
|
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml,v 1.85 2000/03/17 09:59:24 nbm Exp $
|
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml,v 1.86 2000/03/17 10:51:35 nbm Exp $
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||||||
-->
|
-->
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||||||
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE BOOK PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V3.1-Based Extension//EN" [
|
<!DOCTYPE BOOK PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V3.1-Based Extension//EN" [
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||||||
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|
@ -89,7 +89,6 @@
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||||||
&chap.printing;
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&chap.printing;
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&chap.disks;
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&chap.disks;
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&chap.backups;
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&chap.backups;
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&chap.quotas;
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&chap.x11;
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&chap.x11;
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&chap.l10n;
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&chap.l10n;
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</part>
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</part>
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||||||
|
|
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||||||
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
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||||||
|
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||||||
Chapters should be listed in the order in which they are referenced.
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Chapters should be listed in the order in which they are referenced.
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||||||
|
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||||||
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent,v 1.6 2000/03/08 11:12:14 nbm Exp $
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent,v 1.7 2000/03/17 10:44:01 nbm Exp $
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||||||
-->
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-->
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||||||
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<!-- Part one -->
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<!-- Part one -->
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@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
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<!ENTITY chap.printing SYSTEM "printing/chapter.sgml">
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<!ENTITY chap.printing SYSTEM "printing/chapter.sgml">
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<!ENTITY chap.disks SYSTEM "disks/chapter.sgml">
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<!ENTITY chap.disks SYSTEM "disks/chapter.sgml">
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<!ENTITY chap.backups SYSTEM "backups/chapter.sgml">
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<!ENTITY chap.backups SYSTEM "backups/chapter.sgml">
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<!ENTITY chap.quotas SYSTEM "quotas/chapter.sgml">
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<!ENTITY chap.x11 SYSTEM "x11/chapter.sgml">
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<!ENTITY chap.x11 SYSTEM "x11/chapter.sgml">
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<!ENTITY chap.l10n SYSTEM "l10n/chapter.sgml">
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<!ENTITY chap.l10n SYSTEM "l10n/chapter.sgml">
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||||||
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||||||
|
|
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||||||
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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||||||
<!--
|
<!--
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||||||
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
|
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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||||||
|
|
||||||
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.sgml,v 1.10 2000/03/20 12:38:39 nbm Exp $
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.sgml,v 1.11 2000/03/20 20:06:25 jim Exp $
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-->
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-->
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||||||
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<chapter id="disks">
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<chapter id="disks">
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@ -224,27 +224,250 @@
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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</sect1>
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<!-- <sect1>
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<sect1 id="quotas">
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<title>* Non-traditional Drives</title>
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<title>Disk Quotas</title>
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<para>Quotas are an optional feature of the operating system that
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allow you to limit the amount of disk space and/or the number of
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files a user, or members of a group, may allocate on a per-file
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system basis. This is used most often on timesharing systems where
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|
it is desirable to limit the amount of resources any one user or
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group of users may allocate. This will prevent one user from
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consuming all of the available disk space.</para>
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<sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>* Zip Drives</title>
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<title>Configuring Your System to Enable Disk Quotas</title>
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<para></para>
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<para>Before attempting to use disk quotas it is necessary to make
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sure that quotas are configured in your kernel. This is done by
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adding the following line to your kernel configuration
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file:</para>
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<programlisting>
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options QUOTA</programlisting>
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<para>The stock <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel does not have
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this enabled by default, so you will have to configure, build and
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install a custom kernel in order to use disk quotas. Please refer
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|
to the <link linkend="kernelconfig">Configuring the FreeBSD
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|
Kernel</link> section for more information on kernel
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configuration.</para>
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<para>Next you will need to enable disk quotas in
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<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. This is done by adding the
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line:</para>
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<programlisting>
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enable_quotas=“YES”</programlisting>
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<para>For finer control over your quota startup, there is an
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additional configuration variable available. Normally on bootup,
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the quota integrity of each file system is checked by the
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<command>quotacheck</command> program. The
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<command>quotacheck</command> facility insures that the data in
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the quota database properly reflects the data on the file system.
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This is a very time consuming process that will significantly
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affect the time your system takes to boot. If you would like to
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skip this step, a variable is made available for the
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purpose:</para>
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<programlisting>
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check_quotas=“NO”</programlisting>
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<para>If you are running FreeBSD prior to 3.2-RELEASE, the
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configuration is simpler, and consists of only one variable. Set
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the following in your <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>
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check_quotas=“YES”</programlisting>
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<para>Finally you will need to edit <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
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to enable disk quotas on a per-file system basis. This is where
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you can either enable user or group quotas or both for all of your
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file systems.</para>
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<para>To enable per-user quotas on a file system, add the
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<literal>userquota</literal> option to the options field in the
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> entry for the file system you want
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to to enable quotas on. For example:</para>
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<programlisting>
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/dev/da1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota 1 2</programlisting>
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<para>Similarly, to enable group quotas, use the
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<literal>groupquota</literal> option instead of the
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<literal>userquota</literal> keyword. To enable both user and
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group quotas, change the entry as follows:</para>
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<programlisting>
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/dev/da1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota,groupquota 1 2</programlisting>
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<para>By default the quota files are stored in the root directory of
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the file system with the names <filename>quota.user</filename> and
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<filename>quota.group</filename> for user and group quotas
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respectively. See <command>man fstab</command> for more
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information. Even though that man page says that you can specify
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an alternate location for the quota files, this is not recommended
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since all of the various quota utilities do not seem to handle
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this properly.</para>
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<para>At this point you should reboot your system with your new
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kernel. <filename>/etc/rc</filename> will automatically run the
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appropriate commands to create the initial quota files for all of
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the quotas you enabled in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, so
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there is no need to manually create any zero length quota
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files.</para>
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<para>In the normal course of operations you should not be required
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to run the <command>quotacheck</command>,
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<command>quotaon</command>, or <command>quotaoff</command>
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commands manually. However, you may want to read their man pages
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just to be familiar with their operation.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>* Jaz Drives</title>
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<title>Setting Quota Limits</title>
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<para></para>
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<para>Once you have configured your system to enable quotas, verify
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that they really are enabled. An easy way to do this is to
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run:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>quota -v</userinput></screen>
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<para>You should see a one line summary of disk usage and current
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quota limits for each file system that quotas are enabled
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on.</para>
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<para>You are now ready to start assigning quota limits with the
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<command>edquota</command> command.</para>
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<para>You have several options on how to enforce limits on the
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amount of disk space a user or group may allocate, and how many
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files they may create. You may limit allocations based on disk
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space (block quotas) or number of files (inode quotas) or a
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combination of both. Each of these limits are further broken down
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into two categories; hard and soft limits.</para>
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<para>A hard limit may not be exceeded. Once a user reaches their
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hard limit they may not make any further allocations on the file
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system in question. For example, if the user has a hard limit of
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500 blocks on a file system and is currently using 490 blocks, the
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user can only allocate an additional 10 blocks. Attempting to
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allocate an additional 11 blocks will fail.</para>
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<para>Soft limits on the other hand can be exceeded for a limited
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amount of time. This period of time is known as the grace period,
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which is one week by default. If a user stays over his or her
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soft limit longer than their grace period, the soft limit will
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turn into a hard limit and no further allocations will be allowed.
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When the user drops back below the soft limit, the grace period
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will be reset.</para>
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<para>The following is an example of what you might see when you run
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then <command>edquota</command> command. When the
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<command>edquota</command> command is invoked, you are placed into
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the editor specified by the <envar>EDITOR</envar> environment
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variable, or in the <command>vi</command> editor if the
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<envar>EDITOR</envar> variable is not set, to allow you to edit
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the quota limits.</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>edquota -u test</userinput></screen>
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<programlisting>
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Quotas for user test:
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/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
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inodes in use: 7, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)
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/usr/var: blocks in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
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inodes in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)</programlisting>
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<para>You will normally see two lines for each file system that has
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quotas enabled. One line for the block limits, and one line for
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inode limits. Simply change the value you want updated to modify
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the quota limit. For example, to raise this users block limit
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from a soft limit of 50 and a hard limit of 75 to a soft limit of
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500 and a hard limit of 600, change:</para>
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<programlisting>/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)</programlisting>
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<para>to:</para>
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<programlisting> /usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 500, hard = 600)</programlisting>
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<para>The new quota limits will be in place when you exit the
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editor.</para>
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<para>Sometimes it is desirable to set quota limits on a range of
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uids. This can be done by use of the <option>-p</option> option
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on the <command>edquota</command> command. First, assign the
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desired quota limit to a user, and then run
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<command>edquota -p protouser startuid-enduid</command>. For
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example, if user <username>test</username> has the desired quota
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limits, the following command can be used to duplicate those quota
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limits for uids 10,000 through 19,999:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>edquota -p test 10000-19999</userinput></screen>
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<para>See <command>man edquota</command> for more detailed
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information.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>* Sequest Drives</title>
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<title>Checking Quota Limits and Disk Usage</title>
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<para></para>
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<para>You can use either the <command>quota</command> or the
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<command>repquota</command> commands to check quota limits and
|
||||||
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disk usage. The <command>quota</command> command can be used to
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check individual user and group quotas and disk usage. Only the
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super-user may examine quotas and usage for other users, or for
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groups that they are not a member of. The
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<command>repquota</command> command can be used to get a summary
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of all quotas and disk usage for file systems with quotas
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enabled.</para>
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<para>The following is some sample output from the
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<command>quota -v</command> command for a user that has quota
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|
limits on two file systems.</para>
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||||||
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||||||
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<programlisting>
|
||||||
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Disk quotas for user test (uid 1002):
|
||||||
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Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace
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||||||
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/usr 65* 50 75 5days 7 50 60
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/usr/var 0 50 75 0 50 60</programlisting>
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<para>On the <filename>/usr</filename> file system in the above
|
||||||
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example this user is currently 15 blocks over their soft limit of
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||||||
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50 blocks and has 5 days of their grace period left. Note the
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||||||
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asterisk <literal>*</literal> which indicates that the user is
|
||||||
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currently over their quota limit.</para>
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||||||
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|
||||||
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<para>Normally file systems that the user is not using any disk
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||||||
|
space on will not show up in the output from the
|
||||||
|
<command>quota</command> command, even if they have a quota limit
|
||||||
|
assigned for that file system. The <option>-v</option> option
|
||||||
|
will display those file systems, such as the
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||||||
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<filename>/usr/var</filename> file system in the above
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||||||
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example.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
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</sect1> -->
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<sect2>
|
||||||
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<title>Quotas over NFS</title>
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||||||
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||||||
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<para>Quotas are enforced by the quota subsystem on the NFS server.
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||||||
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The &man.rpc.rquotad.8; daemon makes quota information available
|
||||||
|
to the &man.quota.1; command on NFS clients, allowing users on
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||||||
|
those machines to see their quota statistics.</para>
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||||||
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|
||||||
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<para>Enable <command>rpc.rquotad</command> in
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||||||
|
<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> like so:</para>
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|
||||||
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<programlisting>
|
||||||
|
rquotad/1 dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/libexec/rpc.rquotad rpc.rquotad</programlisting>
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||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>Now restart <command>inetd</command>:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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|
</sect1>
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</chapter>
|
</chapter>
|
||||||
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|
||||||
<!--
|
<!--
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
||||||
#
|
#
|
||||||
# $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile,v 1.26 1999/09/06 06:52:44 peter Exp $
|
# $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile,v 1.27 2000/03/08 11:12:10 nbm Exp $
|
||||||
#
|
#
|
||||||
# Build the FreeBSD Handbook.
|
# Build the FreeBSD Handbook.
|
||||||
#
|
#
|
||||||
|
|
@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ SRCS+= advanced-networking/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= backups/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= backups/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= basics/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= basics/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= bibliography/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= bibliography/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
|
SRCS+= boot/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= contrib/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= contrib/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= cutting-edge/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= cutting-edge/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= disks/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= disks/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
|
|
@ -43,7 +44,6 @@ SRCS+= pgpkeys/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= policies/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= policies/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= printing/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= printing/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= quotas/chapter.sgml
|
|
||||||
SRCS+= security/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= security/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= serialcomms/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= serialcomms/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
SRCS+= staff/chapter.sgml
|
SRCS+= staff/chapter.sgml
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
||||||
<!--
|
<!--
|
||||||
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
|
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml,v 1.85 2000/03/17 09:59:24 nbm Exp $
|
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml,v 1.86 2000/03/17 10:51:35 nbm Exp $
|
||||||
-->
|
-->
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE BOOK PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V3.1-Based Extension//EN" [
|
<!DOCTYPE BOOK PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V3.1-Based Extension//EN" [
|
||||||
|
|
@ -89,7 +89,6 @@
|
||||||
&chap.printing;
|
&chap.printing;
|
||||||
&chap.disks;
|
&chap.disks;
|
||||||
&chap.backups;
|
&chap.backups;
|
||||||
&chap.quotas;
|
|
||||||
&chap.x11;
|
&chap.x11;
|
||||||
&chap.l10n;
|
&chap.l10n;
|
||||||
</part>
|
</part>
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Chapters should be listed in the order in which they are referenced.
|
Chapters should be listed in the order in which they are referenced.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent,v 1.6 2000/03/08 11:12:14 nbm Exp $
|
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent,v 1.7 2000/03/17 10:44:01 nbm Exp $
|
||||||
-->
|
-->
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- Part one -->
|
<!-- Part one -->
|
||||||
|
|
@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
|
||||||
<!ENTITY chap.printing SYSTEM "printing/chapter.sgml">
|
<!ENTITY chap.printing SYSTEM "printing/chapter.sgml">
|
||||||
<!ENTITY chap.disks SYSTEM "disks/chapter.sgml">
|
<!ENTITY chap.disks SYSTEM "disks/chapter.sgml">
|
||||||
<!ENTITY chap.backups SYSTEM "backups/chapter.sgml">
|
<!ENTITY chap.backups SYSTEM "backups/chapter.sgml">
|
||||||
<!ENTITY chap.quotas SYSTEM "quotas/chapter.sgml">
|
|
||||||
<!ENTITY chap.x11 SYSTEM "x11/chapter.sgml">
|
<!ENTITY chap.x11 SYSTEM "x11/chapter.sgml">
|
||||||
<!ENTITY chap.l10n SYSTEM "l10n/chapter.sgml">
|
<!ENTITY chap.l10n SYSTEM "l10n/chapter.sgml">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
||||||
<!--
|
<!--
|
||||||
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
|
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.sgml,v 1.10 2000/03/20 12:38:39 nbm Exp $
|
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/disks/chapter.sgml,v 1.11 2000/03/20 20:06:25 jim Exp $
|
||||||
-->
|
-->
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<chapter id="disks">
|
<chapter id="disks">
|
||||||
|
|
@ -224,27 +224,250 @@
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
</sect2>
|
||||||
</sect1>
|
</sect1>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!-- <sect1>
|
<sect1 id="quotas">
|
||||||
<title>* Non-traditional Drives</title>
|
<title>Disk Quotas</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>Quotas are an optional feature of the operating system that
|
||||||
|
allow you to limit the amount of disk space and/or the number of
|
||||||
|
files a user, or members of a group, may allocate on a per-file
|
||||||
|
system basis. This is used most often on timesharing systems where
|
||||||
|
it is desirable to limit the amount of resources any one user or
|
||||||
|
group of users may allocate. This will prevent one user from
|
||||||
|
consuming all of the available disk space.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect2>
|
<sect2>
|
||||||
<title>* Zip Drives</title>
|
<title>Configuring Your System to Enable Disk Quotas</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para></para>
|
<para>Before attempting to use disk quotas it is necessary to make
|
||||||
|
sure that quotas are configured in your kernel. This is done by
|
||||||
|
adding the following line to your kernel configuration
|
||||||
|
file:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<programlisting>
|
||||||
|
options QUOTA</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>The stock <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel does not have
|
||||||
|
this enabled by default, so you will have to configure, build and
|
||||||
|
install a custom kernel in order to use disk quotas. Please refer
|
||||||
|
to the <link linkend="kernelconfig">Configuring the FreeBSD
|
||||||
|
Kernel</link> section for more information on kernel
|
||||||
|
configuration.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>Next you will need to enable disk quotas in
|
||||||
|
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. This is done by adding the
|
||||||
|
line:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<programlisting>
|
||||||
|
enable_quotas=“YES”</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>For finer control over your quota startup, there is an
|
||||||
|
additional configuration variable available. Normally on bootup,
|
||||||
|
the quota integrity of each file system is checked by the
|
||||||
|
<command>quotacheck</command> program. The
|
||||||
|
<command>quotacheck</command> facility insures that the data in
|
||||||
|
the quota database properly reflects the data on the file system.
|
||||||
|
This is a very time consuming process that will significantly
|
||||||
|
affect the time your system takes to boot. If you would like to
|
||||||
|
skip this step, a variable is made available for the
|
||||||
|
purpose:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<programlisting>
|
||||||
|
check_quotas=“NO”</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>If you are running FreeBSD prior to 3.2-RELEASE, the
|
||||||
|
configuration is simpler, and consists of only one variable. Set
|
||||||
|
the following in your <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<programlisting>
|
||||||
|
check_quotas=“YES”</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>Finally you will need to edit <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
|
||||||
|
to enable disk quotas on a per-file system basis. This is where
|
||||||
|
you can either enable user or group quotas or both for all of your
|
||||||
|
file systems.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>To enable per-user quotas on a file system, add the
|
||||||
|
<literal>userquota</literal> option to the options field in the
|
||||||
|
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> entry for the file system you want
|
||||||
|
to to enable quotas on. For example:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<programlisting>
|
||||||
|
/dev/da1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota 1 2</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>Similarly, to enable group quotas, use the
|
||||||
|
<literal>groupquota</literal> option instead of the
|
||||||
|
<literal>userquota</literal> keyword. To enable both user and
|
||||||
|
group quotas, change the entry as follows:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<programlisting>
|
||||||
|
/dev/da1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota,groupquota 1 2</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>By default the quota files are stored in the root directory of
|
||||||
|
the file system with the names <filename>quota.user</filename> and
|
||||||
|
<filename>quota.group</filename> for user and group quotas
|
||||||
|
respectively. See <command>man fstab</command> for more
|
||||||
|
information. Even though that man page says that you can specify
|
||||||
|
an alternate location for the quota files, this is not recommended
|
||||||
|
since all of the various quota utilities do not seem to handle
|
||||||
|
this properly.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>At this point you should reboot your system with your new
|
||||||
|
kernel. <filename>/etc/rc</filename> will automatically run the
|
||||||
|
appropriate commands to create the initial quota files for all of
|
||||||
|
the quotas you enabled in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, so
|
||||||
|
there is no need to manually create any zero length quota
|
||||||
|
files.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>In the normal course of operations you should not be required
|
||||||
|
to run the <command>quotacheck</command>,
|
||||||
|
<command>quotaon</command>, or <command>quotaoff</command>
|
||||||
|
commands manually. However, you may want to read their man pages
|
||||||
|
just to be familiar with their operation.</para>
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
</sect2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect2>
|
<sect2>
|
||||||
<title>* Jaz Drives</title>
|
<title>Setting Quota Limits</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para></para>
|
<para>Once you have configured your system to enable quotas, verify
|
||||||
|
that they really are enabled. An easy way to do this is to
|
||||||
|
run:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>quota -v</userinput></screen>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>You should see a one line summary of disk usage and current
|
||||||
|
quota limits for each file system that quotas are enabled
|
||||||
|
on.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>You are now ready to start assigning quota limits with the
|
||||||
|
<command>edquota</command> command.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>You have several options on how to enforce limits on the
|
||||||
|
amount of disk space a user or group may allocate, and how many
|
||||||
|
files they may create. You may limit allocations based on disk
|
||||||
|
space (block quotas) or number of files (inode quotas) or a
|
||||||
|
combination of both. Each of these limits are further broken down
|
||||||
|
into two categories; hard and soft limits.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>A hard limit may not be exceeded. Once a user reaches their
|
||||||
|
hard limit they may not make any further allocations on the file
|
||||||
|
system in question. For example, if the user has a hard limit of
|
||||||
|
500 blocks on a file system and is currently using 490 blocks, the
|
||||||
|
user can only allocate an additional 10 blocks. Attempting to
|
||||||
|
allocate an additional 11 blocks will fail.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>Soft limits on the other hand can be exceeded for a limited
|
||||||
|
amount of time. This period of time is known as the grace period,
|
||||||
|
which is one week by default. If a user stays over his or her
|
||||||
|
soft limit longer than their grace period, the soft limit will
|
||||||
|
turn into a hard limit and no further allocations will be allowed.
|
||||||
|
When the user drops back below the soft limit, the grace period
|
||||||
|
will be reset.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>The following is an example of what you might see when you run
|
||||||
|
then <command>edquota</command> command. When the
|
||||||
|
<command>edquota</command> command is invoked, you are placed into
|
||||||
|
the editor specified by the <envar>EDITOR</envar> environment
|
||||||
|
variable, or in the <command>vi</command> editor if the
|
||||||
|
<envar>EDITOR</envar> variable is not set, to allow you to edit
|
||||||
|
the quota limits.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>edquota -u test</userinput></screen>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<programlisting>
|
||||||
|
Quotas for user test:
|
||||||
|
/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
|
||||||
|
inodes in use: 7, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)
|
||||||
|
/usr/var: blocks in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
|
||||||
|
inodes in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>You will normally see two lines for each file system that has
|
||||||
|
quotas enabled. One line for the block limits, and one line for
|
||||||
|
inode limits. Simply change the value you want updated to modify
|
||||||
|
the quota limit. For example, to raise this users block limit
|
||||||
|
from a soft limit of 50 and a hard limit of 75 to a soft limit of
|
||||||
|
500 and a hard limit of 600, change:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<programlisting>/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>to:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<programlisting> /usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 500, hard = 600)</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>The new quota limits will be in place when you exit the
|
||||||
|
editor.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>Sometimes it is desirable to set quota limits on a range of
|
||||||
|
uids. This can be done by use of the <option>-p</option> option
|
||||||
|
on the <command>edquota</command> command. First, assign the
|
||||||
|
desired quota limit to a user, and then run
|
||||||
|
<command>edquota -p protouser startuid-enduid</command>. For
|
||||||
|
example, if user <username>test</username> has the desired quota
|
||||||
|
limits, the following command can be used to duplicate those quota
|
||||||
|
limits for uids 10,000 through 19,999:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>edquota -p test 10000-19999</userinput></screen>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>See <command>man edquota</command> for more detailed
|
||||||
|
information.</para>
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
</sect2>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect2>
|
<sect2>
|
||||||
<title>* Sequest Drives</title>
|
<title>Checking Quota Limits and Disk Usage</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para></para>
|
<para>You can use either the <command>quota</command> or the
|
||||||
|
<command>repquota</command> commands to check quota limits and
|
||||||
|
disk usage. The <command>quota</command> command can be used to
|
||||||
|
check individual user and group quotas and disk usage. Only the
|
||||||
|
super-user may examine quotas and usage for other users, or for
|
||||||
|
groups that they are not a member of. The
|
||||||
|
<command>repquota</command> command can be used to get a summary
|
||||||
|
of all quotas and disk usage for file systems with quotas
|
||||||
|
enabled.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>The following is some sample output from the
|
||||||
|
<command>quota -v</command> command for a user that has quota
|
||||||
|
limits on two file systems.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<programlisting>
|
||||||
|
Disk quotas for user test (uid 1002):
|
||||||
|
Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace
|
||||||
|
/usr 65* 50 75 5days 7 50 60
|
||||||
|
/usr/var 0 50 75 0 50 60</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>On the <filename>/usr</filename> file system in the above
|
||||||
|
example this user is currently 15 blocks over their soft limit of
|
||||||
|
50 blocks and has 5 days of their grace period left. Note the
|
||||||
|
asterisk <literal>*</literal> which indicates that the user is
|
||||||
|
currently over their quota limit.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>Normally file systems that the user is not using any disk
|
||||||
|
space on will not show up in the output from the
|
||||||
|
<command>quota</command> command, even if they have a quota limit
|
||||||
|
assigned for that file system. The <option>-v</option> option
|
||||||
|
will display those file systems, such as the
|
||||||
|
<filename>/usr/var</filename> file system in the above
|
||||||
|
example.</para>
|
||||||
</sect2>
|
</sect2>
|
||||||
</sect1> -->
|
|
||||||
|
<sect2>
|
||||||
|
<title>Quotas over NFS</title>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>Quotas are enforced by the quota subsystem on the NFS server.
|
||||||
|
The &man.rpc.rquotad.8; daemon makes quota information available
|
||||||
|
to the &man.quota.1; command on NFS clients, allowing users on
|
||||||
|
those machines to see their quota statistics.</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>Enable <command>rpc.rquotad</command> in
|
||||||
|
<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> like so:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<programlisting>
|
||||||
|
rquotad/1 dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/libexec/rpc.rquotad rpc.rquotad</programlisting>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<para>Now restart <command>inetd</command>:</para>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`</userinput></screen>
|
||||||
|
</sect2>
|
||||||
|
</sect1>
|
||||||
</chapter>
|
</chapter>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!--
|
<!--
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,255 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!--
|
|
||||||
The FreeBSD Documentation Project
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/quotas/chapter.sgml,v 1.13 1999/11/07 01:54:54 chris Exp $
|
|
||||||
-->
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<chapter id="quotas">
|
|
||||||
<title>Disk Quotas</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para><emphasis>Contributed by &a.mpp;. 26 February
|
|
||||||
1996</emphasis></para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Quotas are an optional feature of the operating system that allow you
|
|
||||||
to limit the amount of disk space and/or the number of files a user, or
|
|
||||||
members of a group, may allocate on a per-file system basis. This is used
|
|
||||||
most often on timesharing systems where it is desirable to limit the
|
|
||||||
amount of resources any one user or group of users may allocate. This
|
|
||||||
will prevent one user from consuming all of the available disk
|
|
||||||
space.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect1>
|
|
||||||
<title>Configuring Your System to Enable Disk Quotas</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Before attempting to use disk quotas it is necessary to make sure
|
|
||||||
that quotas are configured in your kernel. This is done by adding the
|
|
||||||
following line to your kernel configuration file:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>
|
|
||||||
options QUOTA</programlisting>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The stock <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel does not have this
|
|
||||||
enabled by default, so you will have to configure, build and install a
|
|
||||||
custom kernel in order to use disk quotas. Please refer to the <link
|
|
||||||
linkend="kernelconfig">Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel</link> section
|
|
||||||
for more information on kernel configuration.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Next you will need to enable disk quotas in
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. This is done by adding the line:
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>
|
|
||||||
enable_quotas=YES</programlisting>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>For finer control over your quota startup, there is an additional
|
|
||||||
configuration variable available. Normally on bootup, the quota integrity
|
|
||||||
of each file system is checked by the <command>quotacheck</command>
|
|
||||||
program. The <command>quotacheck</command> facility insures that the
|
|
||||||
data in the quota database properly reflects the data on the
|
|
||||||
file system. This is a very time consuming process that will
|
|
||||||
significantly affect the time your system takes to boot. If you would
|
|
||||||
like to skip this step, a variable is made available for the purpose:
|
|
||||||
</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>
|
|
||||||
check_quotas=NO</programlisting>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>If you are running FreeBSD prior to 3.2-RELEASE, the configuration
|
|
||||||
is simpler, and consists of only one variable. Set the following in your
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>
|
|
||||||
check_quotas=YES</programlisting>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Finally you will need to edit <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> to
|
|
||||||
enable disk quotas on a per-file system basis. This is where you can
|
|
||||||
either enable user or group quotas or both for all of your file
|
|
||||||
systems.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>To enable per-user quotas on a file system, add the
|
|
||||||
<literal>userquota</literal> option to the options field in the
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> entry for the file system you want to to
|
|
||||||
enable quotas on. For example:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>
|
|
||||||
/dev/da1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota 1 2</programlisting>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Similarly, to enable group quotas, use the
|
|
||||||
<literal>groupquota</literal> option instead of the
|
|
||||||
<literal>userquota</literal> keyword. To enable both user and group
|
|
||||||
quotas, change the entry as follows:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>
|
|
||||||
/dev/da1s2g /home ufs rw,userquota,groupquota 1 2</programlisting>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>By default the quota files are stored in the root directory of the
|
|
||||||
file system with the names <filename>quota.user</filename> and
|
|
||||||
<filename>quota.group</filename> for user and group quotas respectively.
|
|
||||||
See <command>man fstab</command> for more information. Even though that
|
|
||||||
man page says that you can specify an alternate location for the quota
|
|
||||||
files, this is not recommended since all of the various quota utilities
|
|
||||||
do not seem to handle this properly.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>At this point you should reboot your system with your new kernel.
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/rc</filename> will automatically run the appropriate
|
|
||||||
commands to create the initial quota files for all of the quotas you
|
|
||||||
enabled in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, so there is no need to
|
|
||||||
manually create any zero length quota files.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>In the normal course of operations you should not be required to run
|
|
||||||
the <command>quotacheck</command>, <command>quotaon</command>, or
|
|
||||||
<command>quotaoff</command> commands manually. However, you may want to
|
|
||||||
read their man pages just to be familiar with their operation.</para>
|
|
||||||
</sect1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect1>
|
|
||||||
<title>Setting Quota Limits</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Once you have configured your system to enable quotas, verify that
|
|
||||||
they really are enabled. An easy way to do this is to run</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>quota -v</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>You should see a one line summary of disk usage and current quota
|
|
||||||
limits for each file system that quotas are enabled on.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>You are now ready to start assigning quota limits with the
|
|
||||||
<command>edquota</command> command.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>You have several options on how to enforce limits on the amount of
|
|
||||||
disk space a user or group may allocate, and how many files they may
|
|
||||||
create. You may limit allocations based on disk space (block quotas) or
|
|
||||||
number of files (inode quotas) or a combination of both. Each of these
|
|
||||||
limits are further broken down into two categories: hard and soft
|
|
||||||
limits.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>A hard limit may not be exceeded. Once a user reaches their hard
|
|
||||||
limit they may not make any further allocations on the file system in
|
|
||||||
question. For example, if the user has a hard limit of 500 blocks on a
|
|
||||||
file system and is currently using 490 blocks, the user can only
|
|
||||||
allocate an additional 10 blocks. Attempting to allocate an additional
|
|
||||||
11 blocks will fail.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Soft limits on the other hand can be exceeded for a limited amount
|
|
||||||
of time. This period of time is known as the grace period, which is one
|
|
||||||
week by default. If a user stays over his or her soft limit longer than
|
|
||||||
their grace period, the soft limit will turn into a hard limit and no
|
|
||||||
further allocations will be allowed. When the user drops back below the
|
|
||||||
soft limit, the grace period will be reset.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The following is an example of what you might see when you run
|
|
||||||
then <command>edquota</command> command. When the
|
|
||||||
<command>edquota</command> command is invoked, you are placed into the
|
|
||||||
editor specified by the <envar>EDITOR</envar> environment variable, or
|
|
||||||
in the <command>vi</command> editor if the <envar>EDITOR</envar>
|
|
||||||
variable is not set, to allow you to edit the quota limits.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>edquota -u test</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>
|
|
||||||
Quotas for user test:
|
|
||||||
/usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
|
|
||||||
inodes in use: 7, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)
|
|
||||||
/usr/var: blocks in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 75)
|
|
||||||
inodes in use: 0, limits (soft = 50, hard = 60)</programlisting>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>You will normally see two lines for each file system that has quotas
|
|
||||||
enabled. One line for the block limits, and one line for inode limits.
|
|
||||||
Simply change the value you want updated to modify the quota limit. For
|
|
||||||
example, to raise this users block limit from a soft limit of 50 and a
|
|
||||||
hard limit of 75 to a soft limit of 500 and a hard limit of 600, change:
|
|
||||||
<programlisting> /usr: blocks in use: 65, limits (soft = 50, hard =
|
|
||||||
75)</programlisting> to: <programlisting> /usr: blocks in use: 65,
|
|
||||||
limits (soft = 500, hard = 600)</programlisting></para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The new quota limits will be in place when you exit the
|
|
||||||
editor.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Sometimes it is desirable to set quota limits on a range of uids.
|
|
||||||
This can be done by use of the <option>-p</option> option on the
|
|
||||||
<command>edquota</command> command. First, assign the desired quota
|
|
||||||
limit to a user, and then run <command>edquota -p protouser
|
|
||||||
startuid-enduid</command>. For example, if user
|
|
||||||
<username>test</username> has the desired quota limits, the following
|
|
||||||
command can be used to duplicate those quota limits for uids 10,000
|
|
||||||
through 19,999:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>edquota -p test 10000-19999</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The ability to specify uid ranges was added to the system after 2.1
|
|
||||||
was released. If you need this feature on a 2.1 system, you will need
|
|
||||||
to obtain a newer copy of edquota.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>See <command>man edquota</command> for more detailed
|
|
||||||
information.</para>
|
|
||||||
</sect1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect1>
|
|
||||||
<title>Checking Quota Limits and Disk Usage</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>You can use either the <command>quota</command> or the
|
|
||||||
<command>repquota</command> commands to check quota limits and disk
|
|
||||||
usage. The <command>quota</command> command can be used to check
|
|
||||||
individual user and group quotas and disk usage. Only the super-user
|
|
||||||
may examine quotas and usage for other users, or for groups that they
|
|
||||||
are not a member of. The <command>repquota</command> command can be
|
|
||||||
used to get a summary of all quotas and disk usage for file systems with
|
|
||||||
quotas enabled.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>The following is some sample output from the <command>quota
|
|
||||||
-v</command> command for a user that has quota limits on two file
|
|
||||||
systems.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>
|
|
||||||
Disk quotas for user test (uid 1002):
|
|
||||||
Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace
|
|
||||||
/usr 65* 50 75 5days 7 50 60
|
|
||||||
/usr/var 0 50 75 0 50 60</programlisting>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>On the <filename>/usr</filename> file system in the above example
|
|
||||||
this user is currently 15 blocks over their soft limit of 50 blocks and
|
|
||||||
has 5 days of their grace period left. Note the asterisk
|
|
||||||
<literal>*</literal> which indicates that the user is currently over
|
|
||||||
their quota limit.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Normally file systems that the user is not using any disk space on
|
|
||||||
will not show up in the output from the <command>quota</command>
|
|
||||||
command, even if they have a quota limit assigned for that file system.
|
|
||||||
The <option>-v</option> option will display those file systems, such as
|
|
||||||
the <filename>/usr/var</filename> file system in the above
|
|
||||||
example.</para>
|
|
||||||
</sect1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<sect1>
|
|
||||||
<title>Quotas over NFS</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Quotas are enforced by the quota subsystem on the NFS server.
|
|
||||||
The <command>rpc.rquotad(8)</command> daemon makes quota
|
|
||||||
information available to the <command>quota(1)</command> command
|
|
||||||
on NFS clients, allowing users on those machines to see their quota
|
|
||||||
statistics.</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Enable <command>rpc.rquotad</command> in
|
|
||||||
<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> like so:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<programlisting>
|
|
||||||
rquotad/1 dgram rpc/udp wait root /usr/libexec/rpc.rquotad rpc.rquotad</programlisting>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<para>Now restart <command>inetd</command>:</para>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`</userinput></screen>
|
|
||||||
</sect1>
|
|
||||||
</chapter>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<!--
|
|
||||||
Local Variables:
|
|
||||||
mode: sgml
|
|
||||||
sgml-declaration: "../chapter.decl"
|
|
||||||
sgml-indent-data: t
|
|
||||||
sgml-omittag: nil
|
|
||||||
sgml-always-quote-attributes: t
|
|
||||||
sgml-parent-document: ("../book.sgml" "part" "chapter")
|
|
||||||
End:
|
|
||||||
-->
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue