diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.sgml
index 99eac05daf..5811e8f937 100644
--- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.sgml
+++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig/chapter.sgml
@@ -378,7 +378,8 @@
/boot/kernel.old
- The new kernel will be copied to the /boot/kernel directory as
+ The new kernel will be copied to the /boot/kernel directory as
/boot/kernel/kernel and the old kernel will be moved to
/boot/kernel.old/kernel. Now, shutdown the system and
reboot to use your new kernel. If something goes wrong, there are
@@ -389,7 +390,8 @@
In &os; 4.X and earlier, kernels are installed
- in /kernel, modules in /modules, and old kernels
+ in /kernel, modules in /modules, and old kernels
are backed up in /kernel.old.
Other files relating to the boot process, such as the boot
&man.loader.8; and configuration are stored in
@@ -405,8 +407,8 @@
If you have added any new devices (such as sound cards)
and you are running &os; 4.X or previous versions, you
may have to add some device nodes to your
- /dev directory before you can use
- them. For more information, take a look at /dev directory before
+ you can use them. For more information, take a look at Making Device Nodes
section later on in this chapter.
@@ -490,8 +492,8 @@
The following is an example of the GENERIC kernel
configuration file with various additional comments where needed for
clarity. This example should match your copy in
- /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC fairly
- closely.
+ /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
+ fairly closely.#
# GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for &os;/i386
@@ -679,7 +681,8 @@ device loop # Network loopbackdevice.hints file in
/boot.
-
+
#makeoptions DEBUG=-g # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols
@@ -692,7 +695,8 @@ device loop # Network loopback
use of the option which enables debugging
information when passed to &man.gcc.1;. The same can be
accomplished by the &man.config.8; option, if
- you are using the traditional way for building your kernels (see
+ you are using the traditional way for building your
+ kernels (see
for more information).
options SCHED_4BSD # 4BSD scheduler
@@ -723,8 +727,9 @@ device loop # Network loopback
This option, present only in &os; 5.X, enables kernel support
for access control lists. This relies on the use of extended
- attributes and UFS2, and the feature is described in detail
- in . ACLs are enabled by default and should not be
+ attributes and UFS2, and the feature is described
+ in detail in . ACLs are
+ enabled by default and should not be
disabled in the kernel if they have been used previously on a file
system, as this will remove the access control lists, changing the
way files are protected in unpredictable ways.
@@ -802,7 +807,8 @@ options NFS_ROOT # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENTPROCFS: unlike in &os; 4.X, new installations of
- &os; 5.X will not mount the process file system by default. In addition, 6.X-CURRENT kernels
+ &os; 5.X will not mount the process file system by default.
+ In addition, 6.X-CURRENT kernels
making use of PROCFS must now also include
support for PSEUDOFS:
@@ -858,12 +864,12 @@ options NFS_ROOT # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENToptions SYSVMSG # SYSV-style message queues
- Support for System V messages. Again, this option only adds a few hundred
- bytes to the kernel.
+ Support for System V messages. Again, this option only adds
+ a few hundred bytes to the kernel.
- The option of the &man.ipcs.1; command will list any processes using each of
- these System V facilities.
+ The option of the &man.ipcs.1; command will
+ list any processes using each of these System V facilities.options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions
@@ -1130,25 +1136,29 @@ device cardbus # CardBus (32-bit) bus
# Serial (COM) ports
device sio # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports
- These are the serial ports referred to as COM ports
- in the &ms-dos;/&windows; world.
+ These are the serial ports referred to as
+ COM ports in the &ms-dos;/&windows;
+ world.
- If you have an internal modem on COM4 and a serial port at
- COM2, you will have to change the IRQ of the modem to 2 (for
- obscure technical reasons, IRQ2 = IRQ 9) in order to access it
+ If you have an internal modem on COM4
+ and a serial port at COM2, you will have
+ to change the IRQ of the modem to 2 (for obscure technical reasons,
+ IRQ2 = IRQ 9) in order to access it
from &os;. If you have a multiport serial card, check the
manual page for &man.sio.4; for more information on the proper
- values to add to your /boot/device.hints. Some video cards (notably those based on
+ values to add to your /boot/device.hints.
+ Some video cards (notably those based on
S3 chips) use IO addresses in the form of
0x*2e8, and since many cheap serial cards do
not fully decode the 16-bit IO address space, they clash with
- these cards making the COM4 port practically unavailable.
+ these cards making the COM4 port
+ practically unavailable.Each serial port is required to have a unique IRQ (unless you
are using one of the multiport cards where shared interrupts are
- supported), so the default IRQs for COM3 and COM4 cannot be
- used.
+ supported), so the default IRQs for COM3
+ and COM4 cannot be used.
# Parallel port
@@ -1187,9 +1197,9 @@ device ppc#device puc
- Uncomment this device if you have a dumb serial or
- parallel PCI card that is supported by the &man.puc.4 glue driver.
-
+ Uncomment this device if you have a dumb serial
+ or parallel PCI card that is supported by the &man.puc.4 glue
+ driver.# PCI Ethernet NICs.
device de # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (Tulip)
@@ -1322,7 +1332,8 @@ device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)Under &os; 4.X, you
have to use the line pseudo-device pty
number. The
- number after pty indicates the number of
+ number after pty
+ indicates the number of
ptys to create. If you need more than the
default of 16 simultaneous xterm windows
and/or remote logins, be sure to increase this number accordingly,
@@ -1340,8 +1351,7 @@ device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
&os; 4.4 the gif device is
auto-cloning, and you should use the line
pseudo-device gif.
- Earlier versions of
- &os; 4.X require a number, for example
+ Earlier versions of &os; 4.X require a number, for example
pseudo-device gif 4.device faith # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
@@ -1510,7 +1520,8 @@ device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)If you are running &os; 5.0 or later
you can safely skip this section. These versions use
- &man.devfs.5; to allocate device nodes transparently for the user.
+ &man.devfs.5; to allocate device nodes transparently for
+ the user.
Almost every device in the kernel has a corresponding
node entry in the /dev directory.
@@ -1668,7 +1679,8 @@ device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)kernel.old is overwritten
with the last installed kernel which may be non-functional.
Also, as soon as possible, move the working kernel to the
- proper /boot/kernel location or commands such
+ proper /boot/kernel
+ location or commands such
as &man.ps.1; may not work properly. To do this, simply
rename the directory containing the good kernel:
@@ -1710,8 +1722,7 @@ device fwe # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)recompile and install
a world built with the same version of the source tree as
- your kernel.
- This is one reason it is
+ your kernel. This is one reason it is
not normally a good idea to use a different version of the
kernel from the rest of the operating system.