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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V4.5-Based Extension//EN"
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<!ENTITY scratch.ap "<application>FreeBSD From Scratch</application>">
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The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project
$FreeBSDru: frdp/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/article.xml,v 1.5 2005/06/12 13:52:24 gad Exp $
Original revision: r33355
-->
<article xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" lang="ru">
<articleinfo>
<title>FreeBSD "Ó ÎÕÌÑ"</title>
<author>
<firstname>Jens</firstname>
<surname>Schweikhardt</surname>
<affiliation>
<address><email>schweikh@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<copyright>
<year>2002,2003,2004,2008</year>
<holder>Jens Schweikhardt</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.adobe;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
<releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>
</articleinfo>
<abstract>
<para>÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÏÉ ÄÏÓÔÉÖÅÎÉÑ × ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ &scratch.ap;:
ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ
ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os;, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÀ ×ÓÅÈ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÌÀÂÉÍÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
É ÐÒÅÄÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ×ÁÛÉÍÉ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÏÊ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÑ <command>make world</command>
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÙÍ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÏÍ, ÔÏ &scratch.ap; ÒÁÓÛÉÒÑÅÔ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÎÑÔÉÅ ÄÏ
<command>make evenmore</command>.</para>
</abstract>
<sect1 id="introduction">
<title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>
<para>÷Ù ËÏÇÄÁ-ÌÉÂÏ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÌÉ ×ÁÛÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
<command>make world</command>? óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÏÄÎÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÝÁÑ
ÐÒÉ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ. åÓÌÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÃÅÌÉ
<maketarget>installworld</maketarget> ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÅÒÅÄÉÎÅ, Õ ×ÁÓ
ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÁÖÅ ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ.
ìÉÂÏ ÃÅÌØ <maketarget>installworld</maketarget> ÏÔÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ,
Á ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ. ôÏÇÄÁ ÎÁÓÔÕÐÁÅÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ Fixit CD
É ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÙÈ ËÏÐÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÄÅÌÁÌÉ ÐÏÌÇÏÄÁ ÎÁÚÁÄ.</para>
<para>ñ ÉÓÐÏ×ÅÄÕÀ ÐÏÄÈÏÄ <quote>ÓÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÁÈ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍ</quote>. õÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×, É ÄÁÖÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÔÏ,
ÞÔÏ ÎÉÇÄÅ ÎÅ ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ ÓÔÁÒÏÇÏ, ÔÏ, Ï Þ£Í ÎÅ ÚÁÂÏÔÑÔÓÑ
ÂÏÌØÛÅÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÏÞÉÓÔËÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ
×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ/ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ×ÁÛÉ ÐÏÒÔÙ É ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ, Á
ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÏÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÔÏÎËÉÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÄÕÍÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
ÜÔÁ ÚÁÄÁÞÁ ÔÏÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ, ÔÏ ÞÉÔÁÊÔÅ ÄÁÌØÛÅ.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="why">
<title>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÎÅ (ÎÅ) ÎÕÖÎÁ &scratch.ap;?</title>
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁËÏÎÏÍÅÒÎÙÊ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ. õ ÎÁÓ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ
<application>sysinstall</application> É ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÉÚÕÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ
ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ.</para>
<para>ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ <application>sysinstall</application> ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ
× ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ, ËÕÄÁ É ËÁË ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÏÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÕÖÅ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÏ× É ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑ (CD, DVD,
FTP). ïÎÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
<literal>make buildworld</literal>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ïÎÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ×ÔÏÒÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
ÕÖÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ïÎÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ
<application>Vinum</application> ÉÌÉ
<application>ZFS</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ïÎÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ, Á ÌÉÛØ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÕÖÅ
ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÉÌÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ ÐÏÓÌÅ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÅÎÏ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>é ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍ, ÎÏ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÉÚ ÓÁÍÙÈ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÆÁËÔÏÒÏ×, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
ÐÏÌÕÏÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÏÅ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
<application>sysinstall</application>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>èÏÒÏÛÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ × <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/makeworld.html">
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å</ulink>, ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. ðÒÉ
ÜÔÏÍ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ É ÑÄÒÏ. óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÆÁÊÌÙ
ÏÂßÑ×ÌÅÎÉÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ É ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ; ÕÖÅ
ÎÅÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÏÓÔÁÀÔÓÑ É ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÅÐÏÄÎÏÓÉÔØ ÓÀÒÐÒÉÚÙ. åÓÌÉ ÐÏ
ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÌÏÓØ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÏ, ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÒÕÄÎÏ É ÄÁÖÅ
ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ.</para>
<para>&scratch.ap; ÒÅÛÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ. å£ ÓÔÒÁÔÅÇÉÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ:
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ × ÐÕÓÔÏÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ
ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Á. íÎÏÇÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ×
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ, Á &man.mergemaster.8; ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÚÁÂÏÔÉÔØÓÑ Ï ÔÅÈ,
ÞÔÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÏÓØ. ôÏÎËÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ × ÓÔÁÒÏÊ, ×ÐÌÏÔØ ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ chroot
× ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÍÙ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÍ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÔÒÉ ÜÔÁÐÁ, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ
ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÛÁÇ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÌÉÂÏ ÚÁÐÕÓË ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ, ÌÉÂÏ ×ÙÚÏ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
<command>make</command>:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para><filename>stage_1.sh</filename>:
óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÐÕÓÔÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ É ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
ÌÉÂÏ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.
úÁÔÅÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>stage_2.sh</filename>:
õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><filename>stage_3.mk</filename>:
÷ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ,
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅÓØ &scratch.ap; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÎÅÄÅÌØ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÉÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÔÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Å£ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ ÄÌÑ
ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ, ËÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù
ÐÏÞÕ×ÓÔ×ÕÅÔÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, ÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ.</para>
<para>íÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ, ×Ù ÓÌÙÛÁÌÉ É ÄÁÖÅ ÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ <ulink
url="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/">Linux From Scratch</ulink>, ÉÌÉ
LFS ÄÌÑ ËÒÁÔËÏÓÔÉ. LFS ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ, ËÁË ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÎÕÌÑ ÎÁ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. LFS
ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÕÐÏÒ ÎÁ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÉ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË
ÑÄÒÏ, ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒ, ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ, ÂÁÚÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ) É ÄÅÔÁÌÅÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ
ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÁ. &scratch.ap; ÎÅ ÏÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÏ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ÄÅÔÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ.
íÏÅÊ ÃÅÌØÀ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ É ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, Á
ÎÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ ËÒÏ×Á×ÙÈ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÚÕÞÉÔØ &os; ÄÏ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ, ÎÁÞÎÉÔÅ Ó
ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ <filename>/usr/src/Makefile</filename> É ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑÍ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ <command>make buildworld</command>.</para>
<para>÷ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ × &scratch.ap;, ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ Ó×ÏÉ
ÏÔÒÉÃÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ × ×ÉÄÕ.</para>
<!-- XXX: èÏÒÏÛÏ ÂÙ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ stage_2.sh Ó ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ
jail, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ × ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
stage_1 ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ðÒÉ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ jail,
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ × chroot ÂÅÚ ÄÅÉÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÃÉÉ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ
ÉÚ 'ÈÏÓÔÉÒÕÀÝÅÊ' ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÎÅ ÚÁÂÙ×ÁÊÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÄÁÖÅ jail-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÎÁ ÑÄÒÅ 'ÈÏÓÔÁ'. -->
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ðÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
× ÏÂÙÞÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÍÅÅÔÅ ÄÅÌÏ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÍ ×
ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÐÒÏÍÙÛÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÜËÓÐÌÕÁÔÁÃÉÉ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÇÏÔÏ×Ù Ë ÐÒÏÓÔÏÀ,
Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÜÔÁÐÁ. ðÏÒÔÙ, ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÅ
ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ <filename>stage_2.conf.default</filename> ÎÉÖÅ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ
ÄÌÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÏËÏÌÏ 8 ÞÁÓÏ× ÎÁ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (4 ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÚÁÊÍÅÔ
ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ <application>OpenOffice.org</application>). åÓÌÉ ×Ù
ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, Á ÎÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÓÏËÒÁÔÉÔØ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÑ, ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÄÏ 10 ÍÉÎÕÔ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="prerequisites">
<title>ðÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</title>
<para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÏÍ &scratch.ap;, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
ÉÍÅÔØ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>òÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ &os; Ó ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍÉ É ÄÅÒÅ×ÏÍ
ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ðÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ, ËÕÄÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ïÐÙÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó &man.mergemaster.8;. éÌÉ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ
ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÓÔÒÁÈÁ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÓÌÁÂÙÊ ËÁÎÁÌ × Internet:
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÌÀÂÉÍÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>úÎÁÎÉÅ ÏÓÎÏ× ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÎÁ ÑÚÙËÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ
Bourne, &man.sh.1;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÍÅÔØ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ
ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÌÉÂÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ, ÌÉÂÏ ÉÚ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ
ÆÁÊÌÁ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="stage1">
<title>üÔÁÐ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ: õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</title>
<para>÷ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÉ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÛÁÇÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÓÑ
ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ×ÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÌÁÓØ ÅÇÏ
ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ×ÙÓËÁÚÁÌÉ Ó×ÏÉ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ,
Ñ ÒÅÛÉÌ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ ËÏÄ É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ
ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÂÅÚ
×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ Ó ËÏÄÏÍ.</para>
<para>óËÒÉÐÔ Ó ËÏÄÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÜÔÁÐÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
<filename>stage_1.sh</filename>, É ÏÎ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ</para>
<informalexample>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>./stage_1.sh <replaceable>default</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</informalexample>
<para>ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÏÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
<filename>stage_1.conf.default</filename> É ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ × ÆÁÊÌ
<filename>stage_1.log.default</filename>.</para>
<para>äÁÌÅÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÍÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>stage_1.conf.default</filename>.
÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÄÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÅÇÏ × ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÍÅÓÔÁÈ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÌ ×ÁÛÉÍ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑÍ Ï <quote>ÉÄÅÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ</quote>.
ñ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ ÐÒÏËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ. ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ
ÄÌÑ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, <command>create_file_systems</command>,
<command>create_etc_fstab</command>, <command>copy_files</command> É
<command>all_remaining_customization</command> (× ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ
ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÍÙÓÌ: ÉÍÅÎÎÏ × ÔÁËÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÚ
<filename>stage_1.sh</filename>).</para>
<para>óÌÅÄÕÅÔ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÔÎÅÓÔÉÓØ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁÍ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>òÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×.</para>
<para>ñ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÓØ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉËÏÍ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÄÌÑ
×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. íÏÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÐÏ
ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ ÄÌÑ <filename>/</filename>, <filename>/usr</filename>
É <filename>/var</filename> Ó ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏÍ <filename>/tmp</filename>,
ÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÏÊ × <filename>/var/tmp</filename>.
÷ÄÏÂÁ×ÏË Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë
<filename>/home</filename> (ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ),
<filename>/home/ncvs</filename> (ËÏÐÉÑ CVS-ÈÒÁÎÉÌÉÝÁ &os;),
<filename>/usr/ports</filename> (ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÐÏÒÔÏ×),
<filename>/src</filename> (ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ÙÇÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÈÒÁÎÉÌÉÝÁ ÄÅÒÅ×ØÑ
ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×) É <filename>/share</filename> (ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÙÅ ËÏÐÉÉ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
ÓÐÕÌ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÔÅÌÅËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÊ).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>îÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
<para>üÔÏ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÒÁÚÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ÄÁÖÅ ÄÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÜÔÁÐÁ. ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ ÏÔËÁÚÁ ÏÔ
ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ É ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÁ × chroot-ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÜÔÁÐÁ É ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÍÏÉÈ ÌÀÂÉÍÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÔÅÏÒÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉ É ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ É ÃÅÌÏÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ: ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
×ÁÛÅ ÓÔÁÒÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ × chroot-ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÙÅ
Ä×ÏÉÞÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ É ÆÁÊÌÙ ÏÂßÑ×ÌÅÎÉÊ. åÓÌÉ ÎÏ×ÙÅ
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ×, ÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ
ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÔØÓÑ <literal>SIGSYS, ðÌÏÈÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ×</literal>, ÔÁË
ËÁË ÓÔÁÒÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÏÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ×. ñ ÎÁÂÌÀÄÁÌ
É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ
ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename role="package">lang/perl5.8</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ <filename>stage_1.sh</filename>, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ,
ÞÔÏ ×Ù ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ Ë
<command>make installworld installkernel</command>, ÔÉÐÁ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌÉ <command>make buildworld</command></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌÉ <command>make buildkernel
KERNCONF=<replaceable>whatever</replaceable></command></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÅ <filename>stage_1.sh</filename> ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚ, É
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ Ó ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÎÏ×ÕÀ,
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÛÉÍ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
<filename>/usr/src</filename>, <command>mergemaster</command> ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÓ ÎÁ ÏÔÒÁÂÏÔËÕ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ. ñ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÀ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÉÔØ
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÁÄÏÅÌÏ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÔØ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
ÅÄÉÎÏÖÄÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ×ÁÛÅÊ <emphasis>ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ</emphasis> ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
(åÓÌÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ. óËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ,
ÅÓÌÉ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÏÄ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
<literal>-STABLE</literal>, Á ÄÒÕÇÁÑ Ó <literal>-CURRENT</literal>.
éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÎÅÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍÉ). ðÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ×ÙÚÏ×Ù
ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ <command>mergemaster</command> ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÁÔ, ÞÔÏ RCS-ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÙ
×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × <filename>/usr/src</filename>,
É ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÑÔ ÆÁÊÌ.</para>
<para>óËÒÉÐÔ <filename>stage_1.sh</filename> ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ,
ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔÓÑ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÏ (×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÉÔ ÎÅÎÕÌÅ×ÏÊ ËÏÄ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ) ÉÚ-ÚÁ
<command>set -e</command>, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ
ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÎÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÕÀ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ,
ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÏÐÅÞÁÔËÉ. ÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ×ÓÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ×ÁÛÅÊ
×ÅÒÓÉÉ <filename>stage_1.conf.default</filename> ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË
ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.</para>
<para>÷ ÓËÒÉÐÔÅ <filename>stage_1.sh</filename> ÍÙ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÍ
<command>mergemaster</command>. äÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÉËÁËÉÍ ÆÁÊÌÁÍ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ
ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÏÎ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ É × ËÏÎÃÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ</para>
<screen>*** Comparison complete
*** Saving mtree database for future upgrades
Do you wish to delete what is left of /var/tmp/temproot.stage1? [no] <userinput>no</userinput></screen>
<para>ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÔ×ÅÔØÔÅ <literal>no</literal> ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
<keycap>Enter</keycap>. ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ
<command>mergemaster</command> ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÕÌÅ×ÏÊ ÄÌÉÎÙ ×
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/var/tmp/temproot.stage1</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÚÖÅ
ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ (× ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÈ ÔÁÍ ÅÝÅ ÎÅÔ).</para>
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ <command>mergemaster</command> ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÉÔ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÍ ÆÁÊÌÙ É ÕÔÏÞÎÉÔ, ÓÔÏÉÔ ÌÉ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÊ
<filename>login.conf</filename>:</para>
<screen>*** You chose the automatic install option for files that did not
exist on your system. The following were installed for you:
/newroot/etc/defaults/rc.conf
...
/newroot/COPYRIGHT
*** You installed a new aliases file into /newroot/etc/mail, but
the newaliases command is limited to the directories configured
in sendmail.cf. Make sure to create your aliases database by
hand when your sendmail configuration is done.
*** You installed a login.conf file, so make sure that you run
'/usr/bin/cap_mkdb /newroot/etc/login.conf'
to rebuild your login.conf database
Would you like to run it now? y or n [n]</screen>
<para>ïÔ×ÅÔ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË <filename>stage_1.sh</filename>
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ &man.cap.mkdb.1; × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ.</para>
<para>÷ÏÔ Á×ÔÏÒÓËÉÊ ÆÁÊÌ <ulink url="stage_1.conf.default">
<filename>stage_1.conf.default</filename></ulink>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÐÏÔÏÍ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ. ÷ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑÈ ÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÔÏÍ,
ÞÔÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ.</para>
<programlisting>
<xi:include href="../../../en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.conf.default" parse="text"/>
</programlisting>
<para>óËÁÞÁÊÔÅ <ulink url="stage_1.conf.default">
<filename>stage_1.conf.default</filename></ulink>.</para>
<para>ðÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ
ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>õÎÁÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÓÐÉÓËÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ É ÇÒÕÐÐ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë Internet ÐÏ Ethernet Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
ÍÅÖÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÜËÒÁÎÁ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ðÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÊ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÑÓ É NTP.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>äÒÕÇÉÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÍÅÌËÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename> É <command>inetd</command>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>äÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÇÏÔÏ×Ù Ë ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁ×ÅÒۣΠ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÜÔÁÐ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÍÙ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
ÐÅÞÁÔÉ É X11. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ,
ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ × ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÐÌÅËÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË &postscript;. X11 ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÐÏËÁ
ÍÙ ÎÅ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ, ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="stage2">
<title>üÔÁÐ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ: õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</title>
<note>
<para>îÁ ÜÔÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
(ÕÖÅ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ) ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
<filename>stage_2.sh</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ, ÞÅÍ
ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ËÏÍÁÎÄ <command>pkg_add</command>. ñ ÎÁÄÅÀÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÓÕÍÅÅÔÅ
ÎÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ. úÄÅÓØ ÍÙ ÓÏÓÒÅÄÏÔÏÞÉÍÓÑ ÎÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÏÍ É
ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÅ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
</note>
<para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <filename>stage_2.sh</filename> ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ËÁË
Ñ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀ ÍÏÉ ÌÀÂÉÍÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ. ïÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÌÀÂÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï
ÒÁÚ É ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ. ïÎ
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ <emphasis>dryrun</emphasis>-ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ (<option>-n</option>)
ÄÌÑ ÐÏËÁÚÁ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÏ. ÷Ù ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÔÏÞÎÏ
ÔÁËÖÅ, ËÁË <filename>stage_1.sh</filename>, Ó ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ,
ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÉÍ ÎÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ</para>
<informalexample>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>./stage_2.sh <replaceable>default</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</informalexample>
<para>ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÉÚ
<filename>stage_2.conf.default</filename>.</para>
<para>óÐÉÓÏË ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏÞÅË Ó Ä×ÕÍÑ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ
ÓÌÏ×, ÒÁÚÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁÍÉ: ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÑ É ÐÏÒÔ, ÚÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏ
ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ
ÐÏÒÔ (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ: <command>make install BATCH=yes < /dev/null</command>).
ðÕÓÔÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ É ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ Ó ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ #, ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ. ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å
ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× × ÎÉÈ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÉ É ÐÏÒÔ. ïÄÎÁËÏ
ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÔÏÎËÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ
<command>make</command>-ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ:</para>
<programlisting>www mozilla make WITHOUT_MAILNEWS=yes WITHOUT_CHATZILLA=yes install</programlisting>
<para>îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ É ÎÅ ÂÙÔØ
ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍÉ ×ÙÚÏ×ÁÍÉ <command>make</command>:</para>
<programlisting>java jdk16 echo true > files/license.sh; make install BATCH=yes < /dev/null
print acroread8 yes accept | make install PAGER=ls
x11-fonts gnu-unifont make install && mkfontdir /usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/local
news inn-stable CONFIGURE_ARGS="--enable-uucp-rnews --enable-setgid-inews" make install</programlisting>
<para>÷ ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ Ä×ÕÈ ÓÔÒÏÞËÁÈ ÐÒÏÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÀÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÎÑÔØ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÄÌÑ <filename
role="package">news/inn-stable</filename> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏÍ ÅÄÉÎÏËÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ
ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <literal>CONFIGURE_ARGS</literal>. æÁÊÌ
<filename>Makefile</filename> ÐÏÒÔÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ËÁË ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÅ
ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ É ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÙ. òÁÚÎÉÃÁ ×
ÚÁÄÁÎÉÉ <application>make</application>-ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ
ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ</para>
<programlisting>news inn-stable make CONFIGURE_ARGS="--enable-uucp-rnews --enable-setgid-inews" install</programlisting>
<para>ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÐÅÒÅÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÏ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÏ. ÷ÙÂÏÒ ÎÕÖÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ
ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>
<para>õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÉ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
××ÏÄÁ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ËÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÉÍ ÐÏÄÁ£ÔÅ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄ. åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×Ó£ ÖÅ
ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ, ÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÞÎÑ
ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÅ, É ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ.
åÓÌÉ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <filename>stage_2.sh</filename> ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÌ ÐÏÒÔ
ÉÌÉ ÐÒÅËÒÁÔÉÌ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ, ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ × ÜÔÏÍ.</para>
<para>îÉÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ <filename>stage_2.conf.default</filename>. äÌÑ
ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÍ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÓÏÚÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ
<filename>LOGDIR/category+port</filename>.</para>
<programlisting>
<xi:include href="../../../en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.conf.default" parse="text"/>
</programlisting>
<para>óËÁÞÁÊÔÅ <ulink url="stage_2.conf.default">
<filename>stage_2.conf.default</filename></ulink>.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="stage3">
<title>üÔÁÐ ÔÒÅÔÉÊ</title>
<para>îÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÌÉ ×ÁÛÉ ÌÀÂÉÍÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ
ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. éÍÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ É ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÔÒÅÔÉÊ
ÜÔÁÐ — ÜÔÁÐ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ. ñ ÍÏÇ ÂÙ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÕ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ × ËÏÎÅà ÓËÒÉÐÔÁ
<filename>stage_2.sh</filename>. ïÄÎÁËÏ Ñ ÄÕÍÁÀ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ËÏÎÃÅÐÔÕÁÌØÎÏÅ
ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÐÏÒÔÁ É ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÅÊ ÅÇÏ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ, É ÜÔÏ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÛÁÇÁ.</para>
<para>ñ ÒÅÛÉÌ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÒÅÔÉÊ ÜÔÁÐ × ×ÉÄÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ
<filename>Makefile</filename>, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÌÅÇËÏ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÔØ
ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ ×ÙÚÏ×ÏÍ:</para>
<informalexample>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -f stage_3.mk <replaceable>target</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</informalexample>
<para>ëÁË É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ Ó <filename>stage_2.sh</filename>, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ
<filename>stage_3.mk</filename> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÅÓÔØ ×
ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉ× ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÌÉÂÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×Á×
ÅÇÏ ËÕÄÁ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ × ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="limitations">
<title>ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ</title>
<para>á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÅÎÁ, ÅÓÌÉ
ÏÎÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ É ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>make
BATCH=YES install</command>. äÌÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ
ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ××ÏÄ <literal>yes</literal> × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ Ï
ÐÒÉÎÑÔÉÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ. åÓÌÉ ÔÁËÏÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ
ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ××ÏÄÁ, ÍÙ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍ
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ (Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ:
<command>yes | make install</command>). äÌÑ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ×ÁÍ
ÐÒÉÄÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÏÂÒÁÔØÓÑ, ÇÄÅ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
É ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÅÅ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ. ÷ÙÛÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÄÌÑ
<filename role="package">print/acroread8</filename> and
<filename role="package">java/jdk16</filename>.</para>
<para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÉÎÑÔØ ×Ï ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×. ÷ÏÏÂÝÅ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑ, ×Ù ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ËÏÇÄÁ É ÓÍÅÎÉÌÓÑ
ÌÉ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÉÌÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ. ÷ ÆÁÊÌ
<filename>/etc/group</filename> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÇÒÕÐÐÁ, ÉÌÉ ×
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÐÏÌÅ.
÷Ó£ ÜÔÏ ÕÖÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÌÏ × ÐÒÏÛÌÏÍ. ðÒÏÓÔÏÅ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ
ÆÁÊÌÁ ÉÚ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ × ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÍÏÖÅÔ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ
ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÙÍ, ÎÏ × ÜÔÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
ËÁÎÏÎÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ (ÐÕÔ£Í ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×), ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <command>mergemaster</command> ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×ÁÛÕ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ Ó ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÎÏ×ÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ. ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ,
<command>mergemaster</command> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÇÏ
ËÏÍÐÌÅËÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, Á ÎÅ Ó ÌÀÂÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍÙÍÉ ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ.
ðÏÈÏÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÅÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÅËÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ
ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ Ñ ÎÅ ÄÒÅÍÁÌ, É ÍÅÎÑÅÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÏ Ä×Á
ÒÁÚÁ × ÍÅÓÑÃ. äÌÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÔÁËÉÈ ÓËÒÙÔÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, Ñ ÄÅÒÖÕ ËÏÐÉÀ
ÉÚÍÅΣÎÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÔÁÍ ÖÅ, ÇÄÅ É <filename>stage_3.mk</filename>
É ÓÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÀ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ <command>make</command>.
îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ <application>Apache</application>,
<filename>httpd.conf</filename>, ÃÅÌØÀ ÂÕÄÅÔ
<command>config_apache</command>.</para>
<programlisting>
@if ! cmp -s /usr/local/etc/apache2/httpd.conf httpd.conf; then \
echo "ATTENTION: the httpd.conf has changed. Please examine if"; \
echo "the modifications are still correct. Here is the diff:"; \
diff -u /usr/local/etc/apache2/httpd.conf httpd.conf; \
fi
</programlisting>
<para>åÓÌÉ ÒÁÚÎÉÃÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ÎÅÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÁ Ñ ÍÏÇÕ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
<command>cp /usr/local/etc/apache2/httpd.conf
httpd.conf</command>.</para>
<para>ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ &scratch.ap; ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
<literal>7-CURRENT</literal> ÄÏ <literal>7-CURRENT</literal> É
<literal>8-CURRENT</literal> ÄÏ <literal>8-CURRENT</literal>, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ
Ñ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ <literal>8-CURRENT</literal> ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
<literal>7-STABLE</literal> É ÎÁÏÂÏÒÏÔ. éÚ-ÚÁ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ
ÒÅÌÉÚÁÍÉ Ó ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ ÓÔÁÒÛÉÍÉ ÎÏÍÅÒÁÍÉ Ñ ÏÖÉÄÁÀ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ &scratch.ap; ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
×ÎÕÔÒÉ ×ÅÔËÉ <literal>STABLE</literal> ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔØ ÂÅÚÂÏÌÅÚÎÅÎÎÏ
(ÈÏÔÑ Ñ ÅÝ£ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÌ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ).</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="files">
<title>æÁÊÌÙ</title>
<para>÷ÏÔ ÔÒÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ ËÒÏÍÅ ÔÅÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ, ÞÔÏ
ÕÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÙ ×ÙÛÅ.</para>
<para>üÔÏ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <ulink url="stage_1.sh">
<filename>stage_1.sh</filename></ulink>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ.</para>
<programlisting>
<xi:include href="../../../en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.conf.default" parse="text"/>
</programlisting>
<para>óËÁÞÁÊÔÅ <ulink
url="stage_1.sh"><filename>stage_1.sh</filename></ulink>.</para>
<para>üÔÏ ÓËÒÉÐÔ <ulink
url="stage_2.sh"><filename>stage_2.sh</filename></ulink>. ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ × ÓÁÍÏÍ ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ.</para>
<programlisting>
<xi:include href="../../../en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.sh" parse="text"/>
</programlisting>
<para>óËÁÞÁÊÔÅ <ulink
url="stage_2.sh"><filename>stage_2.sh</filename></ulink>.</para>
<para>üÔÏ ÍÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ <ulink
url="stage_3.mk"><filename>stage_3.mk</filename></ulink>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÁÓÔ
×ÁÍ ÉÄÅÀ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÀ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÕÀ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÀ.</para>
<programlisting>
<xi:include href="../../../en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/fbsd-from-scratch/stage_1.conf.default" parse="text"/>
</programlisting>
<para>óËÁÞÁÊÔÅ <ulink
url="stage_3.mk"><filename>stage_3.mk</filename></ulink>.</para>
</sect1>
</article>