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Õëïðïßçóç ôïõ UFS Journaling óå Ýíá desktop õðïëïãéóôÞ
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<article lang="el">
<articleinfo>
<title>Õëïðïßçóç ôïõ UFS Journaling óå Ýíá Desktop ÕðïëïãéóôÞ</title>
<author>
<firstname>Ìáíþëçò</firstname>
<surname>ÊéáãéÜò</surname>
<affiliation>
<address><email>manolis@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<copyright>
<year>2008</year>
<holder role="mailto:manolis@FreeBSD.org">Ìáíþëçò ÊéáãéÜò</holder>
</copyright>
<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
<releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<abstract>
<para>¸íá óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ðïõ äéáèÝôåé äõíáôüôçôá journaling,
÷ñçóéìïðïéåß Ýíá áñ÷åßï êáôáãñáöÞò (journal Þ çìåñïëüãéï) óôï ïðïßï
ãßíïíôáé áñ÷éêÜ ïé åããñáöÝò ðñéí êáôá÷ùñçèïýí óôï êáíïíéêü óýóôçìá
áñ÷åßùí. Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü ìðïñåß íá åîáóöáëéóôåß ç áêåñáéüôçôá ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí óôçí ðåñßðôùóç êáôÜññåõóçò Þ áðüôïìçò äéáêïðÞò ôçò
ôñïöïäïóßáò ôïõ. Ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ journaling äéáóöáëßæåé ôçí óõíïëéêÞ
áêåñáéüôçôá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí, áëëÜ äåí ìðïñåß íá äéáóöáëßóåé
üôé äåí èá Ý÷ïõìå áðþëåéá äåäïìÝíùí óå ìåìïíùìÝíá áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá
Þôáí åíäå÷ïìÝíùò óå ÷ñÞóç ôçí þñá ôçò êáôÜññåõóçò. ¸íá ðëåïíÝêôçìá
ôïõ journaling åßíáé ç åëá÷éóôïðïßçóç ôïõ ÷ñüíïõ ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá
ôïí Ýëåã÷ï ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí óå ðåñßðôùóç êáêïý ôåñìáôéóìïý. Ôï
óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí UFS ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôï &os; äåí äéáèÝôåé äéêü
ôïõ åíóùìáôùìÝíï journaling. Ùóôüóï, ôï ðëáßóéï ëåéôïõñãéþí GEOM óôï
&os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable> ðáñÝ÷åé Ýíá íÝï journal
class ôï ïðïßï äßíåé áõôÞ ôç äõíáôüôçôá, êáé ìÜëéóôá áíåîÜñôçôá áðü
ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé. Óôï Üñèñï áõôü åîåôÜæïõìå
ðùò ìðïñïýìå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå ôï journaling óå Ýíá ôõðéêü desktop
ìç÷Üíçìá ãéá åñãáóßá ãñáöåßïõ.</para>
</abstract>
</articleinfo>
<sect1 id="introduction">
<title>ÅéóáãùãÞ</title>
<para>Áí êáé ïé ðåñéóóüôåñïé åîõðçñåôçôÝò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óå
ðåñéâÜëëïíôá ðáñáãùãÞò åßíáé êáëÜ ðñïóôáôåõìÝíïé áðü ìç-áíáìåíüìåíïõò
ôåñìáôéóìïýò, äåí óõìâáßíåé ôï ßäéï êáé ìå ôï óõíçèéóìÝíï desktop
ìç÷Üíçìá ôï ïðïßï âñßóêåôáé óôá ÷Ýñéá ôïõ ôåëéêïý ÷ñÞóôç. Áõôü óõíÞèùò
äåí ðñïóôáôåýåôáé áðü äéáêïðÝò ñåýìáôïò, åíþ äåí åßíáé êáé ïé ëßãåò ïé
ðåñéðôþóåéò ðïõ ï êáêüò ôåñìáôéóìüò ïöåßëåôáé óå ëáíèáóìÝíï ÷åéñéóìü
ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç (êáôÜ ëÜèïò ðßåóç ôïõ reset ê.á.). Óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü
áõôÝò ôéò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ôá Soft Updates ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï óýóôçìá
áñ÷åßùí UFS ìðïñïýí íá ôï ðñïóôáôåýóïõí áñêåôÜ êáëÜ, áí êáé ìåôÜ ôïí
ðñïâëçìáôéêü ôåñìáôéóìü áðáéôåßôáé óõíÞèùò Ýëåã÷ïò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò
áñ÷åßùí, ï ïðïßïò áêüìá êáé üôáí ãßíåôáé óôï ðáñáóêÞíéï, äéáñêåß
áñêåôü ÷ñüíï. Óå óðÜíéåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ìðïñåß íá
õðïóôåß æçìéÜ ç ïðïßá íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ÷åéñïêßíçôç åðÝìâáóç ãéá íá
äéïñèùèåß, åíþ åßíáé ðéèáíÞ êáé ç áðþëåéá äåäïìÝíùí.</para>
<para>Ç íÝá äõíáôüôçôá ãéá journaling ðïõ ðáñÝ÷åôáé áðü ôï GEOM ìðïñåß
íá âïçèÞóåé éäéáßôåñá óôéò ðáñáðÜíù ðåñéðôþóåéò, åëá÷éóôïðïéþíôáò ôï
÷ñüíï ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôïí Ýëåã÷ï ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí êáé
åîáóöáëßæïíôáò üôé ôï óýóôçìá èá åðáíÝëèåé ðïëý óýíôïìá óå óôáèåñÞ
êáôÜóôáóç.</para>
<para>Ôï Üñèñï áõôü ðåñéãñÜöåé ìéá äéáäéêáóßá ãéá ôçí õëïðïßçóç ôïõ UFS
journaling óå Ýíá ôõðéêü desktop PC (óôï ïðïßï ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé Ýíáò
óêëçñüò äßóêïò ôüóï ãéá ôï óýóôçìá üóï êáé ãéá ôá äåäïìÝíá). Èá ðñÝðåé
íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå áõôÝò ôéò ïäçãßåò êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ìéáò íÝáò
åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ &os;. Ôá âÞìáôá åßíáé áñêåôÜ áðëÜ êáé äåí áðáéôïýí
éäéáßôåñá ðïëýðëïêåò åíôïëÝò.</para>
<para>Áöïý äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï Üñèñï, èá îÝñåôå:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá äåóìåýóåôå êÜðïéï ÷þñï óôï äßóêï ãéá ôï journaling êáôÜ
ôç äéÜñêåéá ìéáò íÝáò åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ &os;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá öïñôþóåôå êáé íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï Üñèñùìá (module)
<literal>geom_journal</literal> (Þ ðùò íá åíóùìáôþóåôå ôç
ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ óôïí ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá óáò).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ôá õðÜñ÷ïíôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí óáò þóôå
íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí journaling, êáé ôé ðáñáìÝôñïõò èá ðñÝðåé íá äþóåôå
óôï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> þóôå íá ôá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï journaling óå íÝåò (Üäåéåò)
êáôáôìÞóåéò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá áíôéìåôùðßóåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôï
journaling.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Ðñéí äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï Üñèñï, èá ðñÝðåé:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Íá êáôáíïåßôå âáóéêÝò Ýííïéåò ôïõ &unix; êáé ôïõ &os;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Íá åßóôå åîïéêåéùìÝíïò ìå ôç äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ &os;
êáé ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá
<application>sysinstall</application>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<warning>
<para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé åäþ, ðñïïñßæåôáé ãéá ÷ñÞóç óå íÝåò
åãêáôáóôÜóåéò, üðïõ äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí áêüìá áðïèçêåõìÝíá äåäïìÝíá ÷ñÞóôç.
Áí êáé åßíáé äõíáôüí íá ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå êáé íá åðåêôåßíåôå ôç
äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ óå ìç÷áíÞìáôá ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé Þäç óå êáíïíéêÞ ÷ñÞóç,
èá ðñÝðåé ïðùóäÞðïôå íá
<emphasis>ðÜñåôå áíôßãñáöá áóöáëåßáò</emphasis> üëùí ôùí óçìáíôéêþí
äåäïìÝíùí ðñéí åðé÷åéñÞóåôå ïðïéáäÞðïôå áëëáãÞ. ¼ôáí êÜíåôå áëëáãÝò
óôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí êáé óôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò ôùí äßóêùí óå ôÝôïéï
åðßðåäï, åßíáé ðéèáíüí íá êÜíåôå ëÜèç ôá ïðïßá èá áðïâïýí ìïéñáßá ãéá
ôá äåäïìÝíá óáò.</para>
</warning>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="understanding-journaling">
<title>Êáôáíüçóç ôïõ Journaling óôï &os;</title>
<para>Ôï journaling ðïõ ðáñÝ÷åôáé áðü ôï GEOM óôï
&os; 7.<replaceable>X</replaceable> äåí
åßíáé ðñïóáíáôïëéóìÝíï óå êÜðïéï óõãêåêñéìÝíï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí (üðùò ãéá
ðáñÜäåéãìá óõìâáßíåé ìå ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ext3 óôï &linux;) áëëÜ
ëåéôïõñãåß óå åðßðåäï block. Áí êáé áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé ìðïñåß íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß óå äéáöïñåôéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí, ãéá ôï
&os; 7.0-RELEASE, åßíáé äõíáôÞ ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ ìüíï óôï UFS2.</para>
<para>Ïé ëåéôïõñãßåò journaling ðáñÝ÷ïíôáé öïñôþíïíôáò ôï Üñèñùìá
<filename>geom_journal.ko</filename> óôïí ðõñÞíá (Þ åíóùìáôþíïíôáò ôç
ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ óå Ýíá ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá) êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí
åíôïëÞ <command>gjournal</command> ãéá ôç ñýèìéóç ôùí óõóôçìÜôùí
áñ÷åßùí. Ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ journaling åßíáé ãåíéêÜ èåìéôÞ óå ìåãÜëá
óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí, üðùò åßíáé ôï <filename>/usr</filename>. Èá
÷ñåéáóôåß ùóôüóï íá Ý÷åôå äåóìåýóåé áðü ðñéí êÜðïéï åëåýèåñï ÷þñï óôï
äßóêï.</para>
<para>¼ôáí ãßíåôáé ÷ñÞóç ôïõ journaling óå Ýíá óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí, áðáéôåßôáé
êÜðïéïò åëåýèåñïò ÷þñïò ãéá íá áðïèçêåýïíôáé ôá äåäïìÝíá ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ
êáôáãñáöÞò (journal). Ï ÷þñïò ôïõ äßóêïõ ðïõ áðïèçêåýïíôáé ôá
ðñáãìáôéêÜ äåäïìÝíá áíáöÝñåôáé ùò <emphasis>ðáñï÷Ýáò äåäïìÝíùí (data
provider)</emphasis>, åíþ ï ÷þñïò óôïí ïðïßï áðïèçêåýåôáé ôï çìåñïëüãéï
ïíïìÜæåôáé <emphasis>ðáñï÷Ýáò çìåñïëïãßïõ (journal provider).</emphasis>
Óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ ôï journaling ãßíåôáé óå óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ôï ïðïßï Ý÷åé
Þäç äåäïìÝíá, ïé äýï ðáñï÷åßò ðñÝðåé íá âñßóêïíôáé óå äéáöïñåôéêÝò
êáôáôìÞóåéò. Óå ðåñßðôùóç ÷ñÞóçò journaling óå íÝá êáôÜôìçóç, Ý÷åôå ôçí
åðéëïãÞ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôïí ßäéï ðáñï÷Ýá êáé ãéá ôá äåäïìÝíá êáé ãéá
ôï çìåñïëüãéï. Óå êÜèå ðåñßðôùóç, ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò
<command>gjournal</command>, ïé äýï ðáñï÷åßò óõíäõÜæïíôáé ãéá íá
äçìéïõñãÞóïõí ôï ôåëéêü óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé journaling.
Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ÈÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå journaling óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí
<filename>/usr</filename>, ôï ïðïßï âñßóêåôáé óôï
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1f</filename> (ôï óýóôçìá
áñ÷åßùí ðåñéÝ÷åé Þäç äåäïìÝíá).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>¸÷åôå êñáôÞóåé êÜðïéï êåíü ÷þñï óôï äßóêï, óå ìéá êáôÜôìçóç
óôï <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1g</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ìå ôçí ÷ñÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò <command>gjournal</command>, èá
äçìéïõñãçèåß ìéá íÝá óõóêåõÞ, ç
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1f.journal</filename>, üðïõ
ôï <filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1f</filename> èá åßíáé ï
ðáñï÷Ýáò äåäïìÝíùí êáé ôï
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad0s1g</filename> èá åßíáé ï
ðáñï÷Ýáò çìåñïëïãßïõ. Ç íÝá áõôÞ óõóêåõÞ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ðëÝïí
ãéá üëåò ôéò åñãáóßåò ðïõ èá åêôåëïýíôáé óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Ï ÷þñïò óôï äßóêï ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôï çìåñïëüãéï åîáñôÜôáé áðü
ôç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí, êáé ü÷é áðü ôï ìÝãåèïò ôïõ ðáñï÷Ýá
äåäïìÝíùí. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, óå Ýíá ôõðéêü ìç÷Üíçìá ãñáöåßïõ, èá åßíáé
áñêåôü íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå 1 GB ãéá ôïí ðáñï÷Ýá çìåñïëïãßïõ ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí <filename>/usr</filename>, åíþ óå Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá ôï
ïðïßï ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óå åñãáóßåò üðïõ ïé åããñáöÝò óôï äßóêï åßíáé ðïëý
óõ÷íÝò êáé ìåãÜëåò óå ìÝãåèïò (ð.÷. åðåîåñãáóßá video) èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå
ðåñéóóüôåñï ÷þñï. Óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ ï ÷þñïò ðïõ Ý÷åé äåóìåõèåß ãéá ôï
çìåñïëüãéï åîáíôëçèåß ðñéí ãßíåé äõíáôÞ ç åããñáöÞ äåäïìÝíùí óôï
êáíïíéêü óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí, ôï óýóôçìá èá êáôáññåýóåé ìå kernel
panic.</para>
<note>
<para>Ôá ìåãÝèç ðïõ ðñïôåßíïíôáé åäþ ãéá ôïí ðáñï÷Ýá çìåñïëïãßïõ,
åßíáé áðßèáíï íá ðñïêáëÝóïõí ðñüâëçìá óå ôõðéêÞ ÷ñÞóç ãñáöåßïõ
(ðåñéÞãçóç óôï äéáäßêôõï, åðåîåñãáóßá êåéìÝíïõ, áíáðáñáãùãÞ
ðïëõìÝóùí). Áí ùóôüóï ôï åßäïò ôçò åñãáóßáò óáò ðåñéëáìâÜíåé Ýíôïíç
÷ñÞóç ôïõ óêëçñïý äßóêïõ, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôïí áêüëïõèï
êáíüíá ãéá ôç ìåãáëýôåñç äõíáôÞ áîéïðéóôßá: üëç ç ìíÞìç RAM ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò óáò ðñÝðåé íá ÷ùñÜåé óôï 30% ôïõ ÷þñïõ ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ.
Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí ôï óýóôçìá óáò Ý÷åé 1 GB RAM, èá ðñÝðåé íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåôå çìåñïëüãéï ìåãÝèïõò ðåñßðïõ 3.3 GB.
(ÐïëëáðëáóéÜóôå ôï ìÝãåèïò ôçò RAM ìå ôï 3.3 ãéá íá âñåßôå ôï ìÝãåèïò
ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ.)</para>
</note>
<para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï journaling, ðáñáêáëïýìå
äéáâÜóôå ôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.gjournal.8;.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="reserve-space">
<title>ÂÞìáôá ÊáôÜ ôçí ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ &os;</title>
<sect2>
<title>ÄÝóìåõóç ×þñïõ óôï Äßóêï ãéá ôï Journaling</title>
<para>¸íá ôõðéêü desktop ìç÷Üíçìá, Ý÷åé óõíÞèùò Ýíá óêëçñü äßóêï óôïí
ïðïßï áðïèçêåýïíôáé ôüóï ôï ëåéôïõñãéêü üóï êáé ôá äåäïìÝíá ôïõ
÷ñÞóôç. ÓõíÞèùò, ïé ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò êáôáôìÞóåéò ðïõ äçìéïõñãïýíôáé
áðü ôï <application>sysinstall</application> åßíáé ðåñßðïõ óùóôÝò:
¸íá desktop ìç÷Üíçìá äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ìåãÜëç êáôÜôìçóç
<filename>/var</filename>, åíþ ôï ìåãáëýôåñï ìÝñïò ôïõ åëåýèåñïõ
÷þñïõ áðïäßäåôáé óôï <filename>/usr</filename>, áöïý óôïõò
õðïêáôáëüãïõò ôïõ áðïèçêåýïíôáé ôá äåäïìÝíá ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç êáé ãßíïíôáé
êáé ïé åãêáôáóôÜóåéò ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý.</para>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò êáôáôìÞóåéò (áõôÝò ðïõ
äçìéïõñãåß ï åðåîåñãáóôÞò <application>Disklabel</application> üôáí
ðéÝóåôå ôï <keycap>A</keycap>), äåí ìÝíåé êáèüëïõ åëåýèåñïò ÷þñïò.
Ùóôüóï êÜèå êáôÜôìçóç óôçí ïðïßá èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
journaling, ÷ñåéÜæåôáé áêüìá ìßá ãéá ôçí áðïèÞêåõóç ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ.
Êáèþò ç êáôÜôìçóç <filename>/usr</filename> åßíáé ç ìåãáëýôåñç, ôï
ðëÝïí ëïãéêü åßíáé íá ôçí ìéêñýíïõìå åëáöñÜ þóôå íá åîáóöáëßóïõìå ôï
÷þñï ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôï journaling.</para>
<para>Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé Ýíáò äßóêïò ìåãÝèïõò
80 GB. Óôçí áêüëïõèç åéêüíá öáßíïíôáé ïé ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò
êáôáôìÞóåéò üðùò äçìéïõñãïýíôáé áðü ôïí åðåîåñãáóôÞ
<application>Disklabel</application> êáôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç:</para>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="disklabel1.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<para>Áí ôá ðáñáðÜíù ìåãÝèç åßíáé ðåñßðïõ ôá åðéèõìçôÜ ãéá ôçí
åãêáôÜóôáóç óáò, åßíáé áñêåôÜ åýêïëï íá ñõèìéóôïýí þóôå íá ãßíåé
äõíáôÞ ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ journaling. Áðëþò ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôá
ðëÞêôñá ìå ôá âåëÜêéá ãéá íá
ìåôáêéíÞóåôå ôçí ìðÜñá åðéëïãÞò óôçí êáôÜôìçóç
<filename>/usr</filename> êáé ðéÝóôå ôï <keycap>D</keycap> ãéá íá
ôçí äéáãñÜøåôå.</para>
<para>Ôþñá, ìåôáêéíÞóôå ôçí ìðÜñá åðéëïãÞò óôï üíïìá ôïõ óêëçñïý äßóêïõ
óôï Üíù ìÝñïò ôçò ïèüíçò, êáé ðéÝóôå <keycap>C</keycap> ãéá íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ìéá íÝá êáôÜôìçóç ãéá ôï <filename>/usr</filename>.
Ç íÝá áõôÞ êáôÜôìçóç èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé ìéêñüôåñç êáôÜ 1 GB
(áí Ý÷åôå óêïðü íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå journaling ìüíï óôï
<filename>/usr</filename>), Þ êáôÜ 2 GB (áí Ý÷åôå óêïðü íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå journaling ôüóï óôï <filename>/usr</filename> üóï êáé
óôï <filename>/var</filename>). Óôï äéÜëïãï ðïõ èá åìöáíéóôåß,
åðéëÝîôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí (file system) êáé ãñÜøôå
<filename>/usr</filename> ùò ôï óçìåßï ðñïóÜñôçóçò
(mount point).</para>
<note>
<para>Åßíáé áíáãêáßá ç ÷ñÞóç journaling óôçí êáôÜôìçóç
<filename>/var</filename> partition; ÖõóéïëïãéêÜ, ôï journaling Ý÷åé
íüçìá ìüíï óå áñêåôÜ ìåãÜëåò êáôáôìÞóåéò. Äåí ðñüêåéôáé ùóôüóï íá
äçìéïõñãçèåß êÜðïéï ðñüâëçìá áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå journaling óôï
<filename>/var</filename>. Áí ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ óõãêåêñéìÝíïõ óõóôÞìáôïò
áñ÷åßùí åßíáé ìéêñÞ (ôï ïðïßï åßíáé êáé ôï ðéèáíüôåñï óå Ýíá
dekstop ìç÷Üíçìá) ßóùò åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ëéãüôåñï
÷þñï óôï äßóêï ãéá ôï çìåñïëüãéï ôïõ.</para>
<para>Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò, èá åíåñãïðïéÞóïõìå ôï journaling ôüóï óôï
<filename>/usr</filename> üóï êáé óôï <filename>/var</filename>.
Ìðïñåßôå öõóéêÜ íá ðñïóáñìüóåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá óýìöùíá ìå ôéò
áíÜãêåò óáò.</para>
</note>
<para>Ãéá íá áðëïðïéÞóïõìå, üóï åßíáé äõíáôüí, ôç äéáäéêáóßá, èá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå ôï <application>sysinstall</application> ãéá íá
äçìéïõñãÞóïõìå ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé ãéá ôï journaling.
Ùóôüóï, êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò åãêáôÜóôáóçò, ôï
<application>sysinstall</application> åðéìÝíåé íá ñùôÜåé ãéá óçìåßá
ðñïóÜñôçóçò óå êÜèå êáôÜôìçóç ðïõ äçìéïõñãåßôáé. Óôï óçìåßï áõôü,
äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí óçìåßá ðñïóÜñôçóçò ãéá ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò ìáò, êáé óôçí
ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá <emphasis>äåí ôá ÷ñåéáæüìáóôå êáí</emphasis>. Ïé
êáôáôìÞóåéò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ãéá ôá çìåñïëüãéá, äåí ðñïóáñôþíôáé
êÜðïõ.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá áðïöýãïõìå áõôÜ ôá ðñïâëÞìáôá ìå ôï
<application>sysinstall</application>, èá äçìéïõñãÞóïõìå áõôÝò ôéò
êáôáôìÞóåéò ùò ÷þñï swap. Óôï swap äåí ãßíåôáé ðïôÝ ðñïóÜñôçóç,
åíþ êáé ôï <application>sysinstall</application> äåí Ý÷åé êáíÝíá
ðñüâëçìá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåé üóåò ôÝôïéåò êáôáôìÞóåéò ÷ñåéáæüìáóôå. ÌåôÜ
ôçí ðñþôç åêêßíçóç, èá ðñÝðåé ùóôüóï íá åðåîåñãáóôïýìå ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> êáé íá áöáéñÝóïõìå ôéò Ýîôñá
êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò swap ðïõ äçìéïõñãÞèçêáí êáôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôïõò ÷þñïõò swap, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ðÜëé ôá
ðëÞêôñá ìå ôá âåëÜêéá ãéá íá
ìåôáêéíÞóåôå ôçí ìðÜñá åðéëïãÞò óôï Üíù ìÝñïò ôçò ïèüíçò ôïõ
åðåîåñãáóôÞ <application>Disklabel</application>, Ýôóé þóôå íá åßíáé
åðéëåãìÝíï ôï üíïìá ôïõ óêëçñïý äßóêïõ. Êáôüðéí, ðéÝóôå
<keycap>N</keycap>, äþóôå ôï åðéèõìçôü ìÝãåèïò
(<replaceable>1024M</replaceable>), êáé åðéëÝîôå
<quote>swap space</quote> áðü ôï ìåíïý ðïõ åìöáíßæåôáé. ÅðáíáëÜâåôå
ãéá êÜèå çìåñïëüãéï ðïõ åðéèõìåßôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå. Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá
ìáò, äçìéïõñãïýìå äýï êáôáôìÞóåéò óôéò ïðïßåò èá áðïèçêåýïíôáé ôá
çìåñïëüãéá ôùí <filename>/usr</filename> êáé
<filename>/var</filename>. Ôï ôåëéêü áðïôÝëåóìá öáßíåôáé óôçí
ðáñáêÜôù åéêüíá:</para>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="disklabel2.png"/>
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
<para>Ìüëéò ïëïêëçñþóåôå ôç äçìéïõñãßá ôùí êáôáôìÞóåùí, óáò óõíéóôïýìå
íá óçìåéþóåôå ôá ïíüìáôá ôïõò êáé ôá óçìåßá ðñïóÜñôçóçò ãéá íá ôá
Ý÷åôå ðñü÷åéñá êáôÜ ôç öÜóç ôùí ñõèìßóåùí. Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü èá
áðïöýãåôå ôõ÷üí ëÜèç ðïõ ìðïñåß íá êáôáóôñÝøïõí ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç óáò.
Ï ðáñáêÜôù ðßíáêáò äåß÷íåé ôéò óçìåéþóåéò ìáò ãéá ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá
ìáò:</para>
<table pgwide="1">
<title>ÊáôáôìÞóåéò êáé Çìåñïëüãéá</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ÊáôÜôìçóç</entry>
<entry>Óçìåßï ÐñïóÜñôçóçò</entry>
<entry>Çìåñïëüãéï</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>ad0s1d</entry>
<entry>/var</entry>
<entry>ad0s1h</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>ad0s1f</entry>
<entry>/usr</entry>
<entry>ad0s1g</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>Óõíå÷ßóôå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç üðùò óõíÞèùò. Óáò óõíéóôïýìå ùóôüóï íá
ìçí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå åöáñìïãÝò (ðáêÝôá) ìÝ÷ñé íá ïëïêëçñþóåôå ôç
äéáäéêáóßá ôïõ journaling.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="first-boot">
<title>Ðñþôç Åêêßíçóç</title>
<para>Ôï óýóôçìá óáò èá îåêéíÞóåé öõóéïëïãéêÜ, áëëÜ èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá
åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> êáé íá äéáãñÜøåôå
ôéò êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò ãéá ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò swap ðïõ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí óôá
çìåñïëüãéá. ÖõóéïëïãéêÜ, ç êáôÜôìçóç ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ùò êáíïíéêü
swap ôåëåéþíåé ìå ôï ãñÜììá <quote>b</quote> (ð.÷. ad0s1b óôï
ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò). ÄéáãñÜøôå üëåò ôéò Üëëåò êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò ãéá ôï swap
êáé åðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò, þóôå íá óôáìáôÞóåé ôï &os; íá ôéò
÷ñçóéìïðïéåß.</para>
<para>Ìüëéò ôï óýóôçìá åêêéíÞóåé îáíÜ, èá åßìáóôå Ýôïéìïé íá ñõèìßóïõìå
ôï journaling.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="configure-journal">
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ Journaling</title>
<sect2 id="running-gjournal">
<title>ÅêôÝëåóç ôçò ÅíôïëÞò <command>gjournal</command></title>
<para>¸÷ïíôáò ðñïåôïéìÜóåé üëåò ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò êáôáôìÞóåéò, åßíáé
ó÷åôéêÜ áðëü íá ñõèìßóïõìå ôï journaling. Èá ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáâïýìå óå
êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç, ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü åéóÝëèåôå óôï óýóôçìá ùò
<username>root</username> êáé ãñÜøôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput></screen>
<para>ÐéÝóôå <keycap>Enter</keycap> ãéá íá âãåßôå óôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï
êÝëõöïò. Èá ðñÝðåé íá áðïðñïóáñôÞóïõìå ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò óôéò ïðïßåò
èá ãßíåé ôï journaling, óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò ôéò
<filename>/usr</filename> êáé <filename>/var</filename>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>umount /usr /var</userinput></screen>
<para>Öïñôþóôå ôï Üñèñùìá ôïõ ðõñÞíá ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôï
journaling:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal load</userinput></screen>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôþñá ôéò óçìåéþóåéò óáò ãéá íá êáèïñßóåôå
ðïéá êáôÜôìçóç ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá êÜèå çìåñïëüãéï. Óôï
ðáñÜäåéãìá ìáò, ôï <filename>/usr</filename> âñßóêåôáé óôï
<filename class="devicefile">ad0s1f</filename> êáé ôï çìåñïëüãéï ôïõ
èá åßíáé óôï <filename class="devicefile">ad0s1g</filename>, åíþ ôï
<filename>/var</filename> åßíáé óôï
<filename class="devicefile">ad0s1d</filename> êáé ôï çìåñïëüãéï ôïõ
èá åßíáé óôï <filename class="devicefile">ad0s1h</filename>. Èá
÷ñåéáóôåßôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label ad0s1f ad0s1g</userinput>
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label ad0s1d ad0s1h</userinput>
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.</screen>
<note>
<para>Áí ï ôåëåõôáßïò ôïìÝáò êÜðïéáò áðü ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò åßíáé óå
÷ñÞóç, ç åíôïëÞ <command>gjournal</command> èá óáò åðéóôñÝøåé Ýíá
ìÞíõìá ëÜèïõò. Èá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
ôçí ðáñÜìåôñï <option>-f</option> ìå ôçí ïðïßá èá õðï÷ñåþóåôå ôçí
åðáíåããñáöÞ ôïõ ôïìÝá, ð.÷.:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label -f ad0s1d ad0s1h</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìéá ðïõ ðñüêåéôáé ãéá íÝá åãêáôÜóôáóç, åßíáé ìÜëëïí áðßèáíï
íá ðñïêáëÝóåôå êÜðïéï ðñüâëçìá.</para></note>
<para>Óôï óçìåßï áõôü äçìéïõñãïýíôáé äýï íÝåò óõóêåõÝò, ïé
<filename class="devicefile">ad0s1d.journal</filename> êáé
<filename class="devicefile">ad0s1f.journal</filename>. ÁõôÝò
áíôéðñïóùðåýïõí ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò
<filename>/var</filename> êáé <filename>/usr</filename>
ðïõ èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñôÞóïõìå. Ðñéí ôéò ðñïóáñôÞóïõìå ùóôüóï,
èá ðñÝðåé íá èÝóïõìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ journal êáé íá áíáéñÝóïõìå ôçí
åðéëïãÞ Soft Updates:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -J enable -n disable ad0s1d.journal</userinput>
tunefs: gjournal set
tunefs: soft updates cleared
&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -J enable -n disable ad0s1f.journal</userinput>
tunefs: gjournal set
tunefs: soft updates cleared</screen>
<para>ÐñïóáñôÞóôå ôþñá ÷åéñïêßíçôá ôéò íÝåò óõóêåõÝò óôá áíôßóôïé÷á
óçìåßá ðñïóÜñôçóçò (óçìåéþóôå üôé ìðïñïýìå ðëÝïí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå
ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>async</option> êáôÜ ôçí ðñïóÜñôçóç):</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o async /dev/ad0s1d.journal /var</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o async /dev/ad0s1f.journal /usr</userinput></screen>
<para>Åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> êáé
áíáíåþóôå ôéò êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò ãéá ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò
<filename>/usr</filename> êáé <filename>/var</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>/dev/ad0s1f.journal /usr ufs rw,async 2 2
/dev/ad0s1d.journal /var ufs rw,async 2 2</programlisting>
<warning>
<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ïé ðáñáðÜíù êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò åßíáé óùóôÝò,
äéáöïñåôéêÜ èá Ý÷åôå ðñüâëçìá íá åêêéíÞóåôå êáíïíéêÜ óôçí åðüìåíç
åðáíåêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò.</para>
</warning>
<para>ÔÝëïò, åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> êáé ðñïóèÝóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç
ãñáììÞ þóôå íá öïñôþíåôáé ôï Üñèñùìá &man.gjournal.8; óå êÜèå
åêêßíçóç:</para>
<programlisting>geom_journal_load="YES"</programlisting>
<para>Óõã÷áñçôÞñéá! Ôï óýóôçìá óáò åßíáé ôþñá Ýôïéìï ãéá journaling.
Ìðïñåßôå íá ãñÜøåôå <userinput>exit</userinput> ãéá íá åðéóôñÝøåôå
óôçí êáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá (ðïëëáðëþí ÷ñçóôþí) Þ íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï
óýóôçìá óáò (óõíßóôáôáé) ãéá íá åëÝãîåôå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò óáò. ÊáôÜ ôçí
åêêßíçóç, èá äåßôå ìçíýìáôá üðùò ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>ad0: 76293MB XEC XE800JD-00HBC0 08.02D08 at ata0-master SATA150
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d clean.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1f clean.</screen>
<para>ÌåôÜ áðü Ýíá ðñïâëçìáôéêü ôåñìáôéóìü èá äåßôå ìçíýìáôá üðùò ôï
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d consistent.</screen>
<para>Áõôü óõíÞèùò óçìáßíåé üôé ôï &man.gjournal.8; ÷ñçóéìïðïßçóå ôéò
ðëçñïöïñßåò ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ ãéá íá åðéóôñÝøåé ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí
óå óôáèåñÞ êáôÜóôáóç.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="gjournal-new">
<title>×ñÞóç ôïõ Journaling óå ÍÝåò ÊáôáôìÞóåéò</title>
<para>Áí êáé ç ðáñáðÜíù äéáäéêáóßá åßíáé áðáñáßôçôç ãéá íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå journaling óå êáôáôìÞóåéò ðïõ Ý÷ïõí Þäç äåäïìÝíá, ç
áíôßóôïé÷ç äéáäéêáóßá ãéá íÝåò êáôáôìÞóåéò åßíáé ðéï áðëÞ. Óôçí
ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ï ßäéïò ðáñï÷Ýáò ôüóï ãéá
ôá äåäïìÝíá üóï êáé ãéá ôï çìåñïëüãéï. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, õðïèÝóôå üôé
Ý÷åôå ðñïóèÝóåé Ýíá íÝï äßóêï êáé Ý÷åôå äçìéïõñãÞóåé ôçí êáôÜôìçóç
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/ad1s1d</filename>. Ç äçìéïõñãßá ôïõ
çìåñïëïãßïõ åßíáé áñêåôÜ áðëÞ êáé öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label ad1s1d</userinput></screen>
<para>Ôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï ìÝãåèïò ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ åßíáé 1 GB.
Ìðïñåßôå ùóôüóï íá ôï ñõèìßóåôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>-s</option>. Ìðïñåßôå íá äþóåôå ôéìÝò óå bytes, Þ íá âÜëåôå
ìåôÜ ôçí ôéìÞ Ýíá áðü ôá ãñÜììáôá <literal>K</literal>,
<literal>M</literal> Þ <literal>G</literal> ãéá íá äçëþóåôå
Kilobytes, Megabytes Þ Gigabytes áíôßóôïé÷á. Óçìåéþóôå üôé ç åíôïëÞ
<command>gjournal</command>, äåí èá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå
çìåñïëüãéï ðïõ íá åßíáé áêáôÜëëçëï ëüãù ìéêñïý ìåãÝèïõò.</para>
<para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ãéá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá çìåñïëüãéï ìåãÝèïõò
2 GB, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal label -s 2G ad1s1d</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí óôç íÝá óáò
êáôÜôìçóç, êáé ôáõôü÷ñïíá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï journaling,
÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-J</option>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs -J /dev/ad1s1d.journal</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="configure-kernel">
<title>ÅíóùìÜôùóç ôïõ Journaling óå ÐñïóáñìïóìÝíï ÐõñÞíá</title>
<para>Áí äåí èÝëåôå íá öïñôþóåôå ôï <literal>geom_journal</literal> ùò
Üñèñùìá, ìðïñåßôå íá åíóùìáôþóåôå ôéò ëåéôïõñãßåò ôïõ óôïí
ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá óáò. Åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ
ðõñÞíá, êáé âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôéò áêüëïõèåò äýï
ãñáììÝò:</para>
<programlisting>options UFS_GJOURNAL # Óçìåßùóç: ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ õðÜñ÷åé óôï GENERIC
options GEOM_JOURNAL # Èá ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå áõôÞ ôç ãñáììÞ</programlisting>
<para>Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå êáé åðáíåãêáôáóôÞóôå ôïí ðõñÞíá óáò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
ôéò ó÷åôéêÝò
<ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/kernelconfig.html">ïäçãßåò óôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ &os;.</ulink></para>
<para>Ìçí îå÷Üóåôå íá áöáéñÝóåôå ôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç êáôá÷þñçóç
<quote>load</quote> áðü ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> áí ôçí åß÷áôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé
ðñïçãïõìÝíùò.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="troubleshooting-gjournal">
<title>Áíôéìåôþðéóç ÐñïâëçìÜôùí</title>
<para>Ôï áêüëïõèï ôìÞìá êáëýðôåé óõ÷íÝò åñùôÞóåéò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ðñïâëÞìáôá
ðïõ ìðïñåßôå íá óõíáíôÞóåôå óôçí õëïðïßçóç ôïõ jounaling.</para>
<qandaset>
<qandaentry>
<question id="kernel-panic">
<para>ÊáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá Ýíôïíçò ÷ñÞóçò ôïõ äßóêïõ, ôï óýóôçìá ìïõ
óôáìáôÜåé ìå kernel panic. ÕðÜñ÷åé ðåñßðôùóç áõôü íá ó÷åôßæåôáé
ìå ôï journaling;</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Åßíáé ðéèáíü ôï çìåñïëüãéï íá ãåìßæåé ðñéí ðñïëÜâïõí ôá
ðñïçãïýìåíá äåäïìÝíá ôïõ íá ìåôáöåñèïýí óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí. Èá
ðñÝðåé íá èõìÜóôå üôé ôï ìÝãåèïò ôïõ çìåñïëïãßïõ äåí åîáñôÜôáé
áðü ôï ìÝãåèïò ôïõ ðáñï÷Ýá äåäïìÝíùí, áëëÜ áðü ôï öüñôï åñãáóßáò
ôïõ. Áí ç äñáóôçñéüôçôá ôïõ äßóêïõ óáò åßíáé õøçëÞ, èá
÷ñåéáóôåßôå ìåãáëýôåñï ìÝãåèïò ãéá ôçí êáôÜôìçóç ôïõ
çìåñïëïãßïõ. Äåßôå ôç ó÷åôéêÞ óçìåßùóç óôçí åíüôçôá <link
linkend="understanding-journaling">Êáôáíüçóç ôïõ Journaling</link>.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question id="unable-boot">
<para>¸êáíá êÜðïéï ëÜèïò óôéò ñõèìßóåéò, êáé äåí ìðïñþ ðëÝïí íá
îåêéíÞóù êáíïíéêÜ ôï óýóôçìá ìïõ. ÕðÜñ÷åé ôñüðïò íá ôï
äéïñèþóù;</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Ðéèáíüí îå÷Üóáôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå (Þ Ý÷åôå êÜíåé ëÜèïò) ôçí
êáôá÷þñçóç óôï <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, Þ ßóùò
õðÜñ÷åé ëÜèïò óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. Ôá
ëÜèç áõôÜ óõíÞèùò äéïñèþíïíôáé åýêïëá.
ÐéÝóôå <keycap>Enter</keycap> ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï
êÝëõöïò ëåéôïõñãßáò åíüò ÷ñÞóôç. ÌåôÜ åíôïðßóôå ôçí ðçãÞ ôïõ
ðñïâëÞìáôïò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat /boot/loader.conf</userinput></screen>
<para>Áí ëåßðåé Þ õðÜñ÷åé ëÜèïò óôçí êáôá÷þñçóç
<literal>geom_journal_load</literal>, ïé áíôßóôïé÷åò óõóêåõÝò
äåí äçìéïõñãïýíôáé êáí. Ìðïñåßôå íá öïñôþóåôå ôï Üñèñùìá
÷åéñïêßíçôá, íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå üëåò ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò, êáé íá
óõíå÷ßóåôå ìå ôçí êáíïíéêÞ åêêßíçóç:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal load</userinput>
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1g contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1h contains journal.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 3193218002: ad0s1d contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1d clean.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal 2948326772: ad0s1f contains data.
GEOM_JOURNAL: Journal ad0s1f clean.
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -a</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput>
<emphasis>(ç åêêßíçóç óõíå÷ßæåôáé)</emphasis></screen>
<para>Áí ùóôüóï ç êáôá÷þñçóç áõôÞ åßíáé óùóôÞ, ñßîôå ìéá ìáôéÜ
óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. Ôï ðéï ðéèáíü åßíáé
íá âñåßôå üôé êÜðïéá êáôá÷þñçóç ëåßðåé, Þ åßíáé ëÜèïò.
Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, ðñïóáñôÞóôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá üëåò ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò
êáé óõíå÷ßóôå ôçí åêêßíçóç êáíïíéêÜ.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question id="remove-journaling">
<para>Ìðïñþ íá êáôáñãÞóù ôï journaling êáé íá åðéóôñÝøù óôï
êáíïíéêü óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ìå ôá Soft Updates;</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>ÂÝâáéá. ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç äéáäéêáóßá ç ïðïßá
áíáéñåß ôéò áëëáãÝò. Ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôéò
êáôáôìÞóåéò ôùí çìåñïëïãßùí ãéá Üëëï óêïðü, åöüóïí ôï
åðéèõìåßôå.</para>
<para>ÅéóÝëèåôå ùò <username>root</username> êáé ìåôáâåßôå óå
êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput></screen>
<para>ÁðïðñïóáñôÞóôå ôéò êáôáôìÞóåéò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí
journaling:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>umount /usr /var</userinput></screen>
<para>Óõã÷ñïíßóôå ôá çìåñïëüãéá:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal sync</userinput></screen>
<para>ÓôáìáôÞóôå ôïõò ðáñï÷åßò çìåñïëïãßïõ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal stop ad0s1d.journal</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal stop ad0s1f.journal</userinput></screen>
<para>ÄéáãñÜøôå ôá metadata ôïõ journaling áðü üëåò ôéò óõóêåõÝò
ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóáôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1d</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1f</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1g</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gjournal clear ad0s1h</userinput></screen>
<para>ÁíáéñÝóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ ôïõ journaling, êáé èÝóôå îáíÜ ôçí
åðéëïãÞ ãéá Soft Updates:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs -J disable -n enable ad0s1d</userinput>
tunefs: gjournal cleared
tunefs: soft updates set
&prompt.root; <userinput>tunefs-J disable -n enable ad0s1f</userinput>
tunefs: gjournal cleared
tunefs: soft updates set</screen>
<para>ÐñïóáñôÞóôå ÷åéñïêßíçôá ôéò êáíïíéêÝò êáôáôìÞóåéò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o rw /dev/ad0s1d /var</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o rw /dev/ad0s1f /usr</userinput></screen>
<para>Åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> êáé
åðáíáöÝñáôå ôéò ðñïçãïýìåíåò ñõèìßóåéò:</para>
<programlisting>/dev/ad0s1f /usr ufs rw 2 2
/dev/ad0s1d /var ufs rw 2 2</programlisting>
<para>ÔÝëïò, åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, áöáéñÝóôå ôçí êáôá÷þñçóç
ðïõ öïñôþíåé ôï Üñèñùìá <literal>geom_journal</literal> êáé
åðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
</qandaset>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="further-reading">
<title>ÅðéðëÝïí Ðëçñïöïñßåò</title>
<para>Ôï journaling åßíáé ìéá ó÷åôéêÜ íÝá äõíáôüôçôá ôïõ &os;, êáé Ýôóé
äåí åßíáé áêüìá êáëÜ ôåêìçñéùìÝíç. ºóùò üìùò íá âñåßôå ÷ñÞóéìåò
ðëçñïöïñßåò óôéò ðáñáêÜôù áíáöïñÝò:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷åé Ýíá <ulink url="&url.books.handbook;/geom-gjournal.html">íÝï ôìÞìá ãéá ôï journaling</ulink>
óôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ &os;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-June/064043.html">ÁõôÞ ç äçìïóßåõóç</ulink> óôç ëßóôá
&a.current.name; áðü ôïí äçìéïõñãü ôïõ &man.gjournal.8;, &a.pjd;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-questions/2008-April/173501.html">ÁõôÞ ç äçìïóßåõóç</ulink> óôç ëßóôá
&a.questions.name; áðü ôïí &a.ivoras;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ïé óåëßäåò manual ôïõ &man.gjournal.8; êáé &man.geom.8;.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
</article>