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<!--
Ôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ FreeBSD: ÅíçìÝñùóç êáé ÁíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ FreeBSD
The FreeBSD Greek Documentation Project
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<chapter id="updating-upgrading">
<chapterinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Jim</firstname>
<surname>Mock</surname>
<contrib>ÁíáäïìÞèçêå, áíáäéïñãáíþèçêå, êáé ôìÞìáôá ôïõ áíáíåþèçêáí
áðü ôïí </contrib>
</author>
<!-- Mar 2000 -->
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Jordan</firstname>
<surname>Hubbard</surname>
<contrib>Áñ÷éêÞ óõíåéóöïñÜ áðü ôïõò </contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Poul-Henning</firstname>
<surname>Kamp</surname>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>John</firstname>
<surname>Polstra</surname>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Nik</firstname>
<surname>Clayton</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<!-- with feedback from various others -->
</chapterinfo>
<title>ÅíçìÝñùóç êáé ÁíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ &os;</title>
<sect1 id="updating-upgrading-synopsis">
<title>Óýíïøç</title>
<para>Ôï &os; âñßóêåôáé õðü óõíå÷Þ åîÝëéîç ìåôáîý ôùí åðßóçìùí åêäüóåùí
ôïõ. Ìåñéêïß Üíèñùðïé ðñïôéìïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôéò åðßóçìåò åêäüóåéò,
åíþ Üëëïé ðñïôéìïýí íá êñáôïýí ôï óýóôçìá ôïõò åíçìåñùìÝíï ìå ôéò
ôåëåõôáßåò åîåëßîåéò. Ùóôüóï, áêüìá êáé ïé åðßóçìåò åêäüóåéò
åíçìåñþíïíôáé óõ÷íÜ ìå äéïñèþóåéò êñßóéìùí óöáëìÜôùí êáé áóöáëåßáò.
¼ðïéá Ýêäïóç êáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, ôï &os; ðáñÝ÷åé üëá ôá
áðáñáßôçôá åñãáëåßá ãéá íá êñáôÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò åíçìåñùìÝíï, êáé
åðßóçò óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá áíáâáèìéóôåßôå åýêïëá óå êÜðïéá åðüìåíç
Ýêäïóç. Ôï êåöÜëáéï áõôü èá óáò âïçèÞóåé íá áðïöáóßóåôå áí èÝëåôå íá
ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôï óýóôçìá áíÜðôõîçò, Þ áí èá ðñïôéìÞóåôå íá ðáñáìåßíåôå
óå ìéá áðü ôéò ðáãéùìÝíåò åêäüóåéò. Èá ðáñïõóéÜóïõìå åðßóçò ôá âáóéêÜ
åñãáëåßá ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé ãéá ôçí åíçìÝñùóç êáé áíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>
<para>Áöïý äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá îÝñåôå:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ðïéá âïçèçôéêÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ãéá íá
åíçìåñþóåôå ôï óýóôçìá êáé ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá äéáôçñåßôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò åíçìåñùìÝíï ìå ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá
<application>freebsd-update</application>
<application>CVSup</application>,
<application>CVS</application>, Þ
<application>CTM</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá óõãêñßíåôå ôçí êáôÜóôáóç åíüò åãêáôåóôçìÝíïõ óõóôÞìáôïò,
ìå áíáöïñÜ Ýíá ãíùóôü êáé åããõçìÝíá óùóôü óýóôçìá.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá äéáôçñÞóåôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç óáò åíçìåñùìÝíç ìÝóù ôïõ
<application>CVSup</application> Þ ôùí ports ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò <!--
êáé ôïõ <application>Docsnap</application>-->.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ôç äéáöïñÜ ìåôáîý ôùí äýï êëÜäùí ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óå åîÝëéîç: ôïõ
&os.stable; êáé ôïõ &os.current;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá îáíáöôéÜîåôå êáé íá åðáíåãêáôáóôÞóåôå ïëüêëçñï
ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá ìå ôçí <command>make buildworld</command>
(êëð).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Ðñéí äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá ðñÝðåé:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Íá ñõèìßóåôå óùóôÜ ôç óýíäåóç óáò óôï äßêôõï (<xref
linkend="advanced-networking"/>).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Íá ãíùñßæåôå ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ðñüóèåôï ëïãéóìéêü
ôñßôïõ êáôáóêåõáóôÞ (<xref linkend="ports"/>).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<note>
<para>Óôï êåöÜëáéï áõôü ãßíåôáé óõ÷íÜ ÷ñÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò
<command>cvsup</command> ãéá ôçí áíÜêôçóç Þ åíçìÝñùóç ôùí áñ÷åßùí
ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôïõ &os;. Ãéá íá ôçí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, èá ðñÝðåé íá
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá ðáêÝôï Þ port üðùò ôï
<filename role="package">net/cvsup</filename> (áí äåí èÝëåôå íá
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ãñáöéêü ðñüãñáììá <command>cvsup</command>, ìðïñåßôå
íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï port <filename
role="package">net/cvsup-without-gui</filename>).
Ìðïñåßôå íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå áõôÞ ôçí åíôïëÞ ìå ôçí &man.csup.1;
ç ïðïßá áíÞêåé óôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá.</para>
</note>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="updating-upgrading-freebsdupdate">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Rhodes</surname>
<contrib>ÃñÜöçêå áðü ôïí </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Colin</firstname>
<surname>Percival</surname>
<contrib>Âáóßóôçêå óå óçìåéþóåéò ðïõ ðáñåß÷å ï </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>Åíçìåñþíïíôáò ôï &os;</title>
<indexterm><primary>Updating and Upgrading FreeBSD</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>freebsd-update</primary>
<see>updating-upgrading</see>
</indexterm>
<para>Ç åöáñìïãÞ åíçìåñþóåùí áóöáëåßáò áðïôåëåß Ýíá óçìáíôéêü ôìÞìá ôçò
óõíôÞñçóçò ëïãéóìéêïý, åéäéêÜ üôáí ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôï ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá.
Ãéá ìåãÜëï äéÜóôçìá, ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ äåí Þôáí åýêïëç óôï &os;.
¸ðñåðå íá åöáñìïóôïýí patches óôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá, íá ãßíåé ìåôáãëþôôéóç
ôïõ áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ, êáé íá åãêáôáóôáèïýí îáíÜ ôá íÝá åêôåëÝóéìá.</para>
<para>Áõôü äåí åßíáé ðëÝïí áíáãêáßï, êáèþò ôï &os; äéáèÝôåé ôþñá Ýíá
âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá, ôï <command>freebsd-update</command>. Ôï ðñüãñáììá
ðáñÝ÷åé äýï äéáöïñåôéêÝò ëåéôïõñãßåò. Ç ðñþôç åßíáé ç äõíáôüôçôá
äõáäéêÞò (binary) åíçìÝñùóçò ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ìå ôéò ôåëåõôáßåò
äéïñèþóåéò áóöÜëåéáò êáé ëáèþí, ÷ùñßò íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé îáíÜ ìåôáãëþôôéóç
êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç. Ç äåýôåñç åßíáé ç äõíáôüôçôá áíáâÜèìéóçò ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò óå ìéá íÝá ìéêñÞ Þ ìåãÜëç åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç (release).</para>
<note>
<para>ÄõáäéêÝò äéïñèþóåéò ëáèþí êáé áóöÜëåéáò, äéáôßèåíôáé ãéá üëåò
ôéò áñ÷éôåêôïíéêÝò êáé åêäüóåéò ðïõ õðïóôçñßæïíôáé áðü ôçí ïìÜäá
áóöÜëåéáò. Ðñéí ðñï÷ùñÞóåôå óôçí áíáâÜèìéóç óå ìéá íÝá Ýêäïóç,
èá ðñÝðåé íá äéáâÜóåôå ôéò ó÷åôéêÝò ìå áõôÞí áíáêïéíþóåéò, êáèþò
ìðïñåß íá ðåñéÝ÷ïõí óçìáíôéêÝò ðëçñïöïñßåò. Ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå ôéò
áíáêïéíþóåéò åêäüóåùí óôçí ðáñáêÜôù ôïðïèåóßá:
<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/"></ulink>.</para>
</note>
<para>Áí õðÜñ÷åé êÜðïéï <command>crontab</command> ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôéò
äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ <command>freebsd-update</command>, èá ðñÝðåé íá
áðåíåñãïðïéçèåß ðñéí îåêéíÞóåé ç ðáñáêÜôù äéáäéêáóßá. Ìðïñåßôå íá
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ôïõ
<command>freebsd-update</command> êáôåâÜæïíôáò ôï óõìðéåóìÝíï ðáêÝôï
áðü ôï ðáñáðÜíù <acronym>URL</acronym> êáé åêôåëþíôáò ôéò ðáñáêÜôù
åíôïëÝò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gunzip -c freebsd-update-upgrade.tgz | tar xvf -</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mv freebsd-update.sh /usr/sbin/freebsd-update</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mv freebsd-update.conf /etc</userinput></screen>
<para>Äåí áðáéôåßôáé íá êáôåâÜóåôå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç, áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå
êÜðïéá áðü ôéò ôñÝ÷ïõóåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ &os;.</para>
<sect2 id="freebsdupdate-config-file">
<title>Ôï Áñ÷åßï Ñõèìßóåùí</title>
<para>ÊÜðïéïé ÷ñÞóôåò ßóùò èÝëïõí íá áëëÜîïõí ôï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíï áñ÷åßï
ñõèìßóåùí <filename>/etc/freebsd-update.conf</filename>, þóôå
íá Ý÷ïõí êáëýôåñï Ýëåã÷ï ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò. Ïé åðéëïãÝò åßíáé ãåíéêÜ
áñêåôÜ êáëÜ ôåêìçñéùìÝíåò, áëëÜ ïé ðáñáêÜôù ßóùò íá ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé
êÜðïéåò åðéðëÝïí åðåîçãÞóåéò:</para>
<programlisting># Components of the base system which should be kept updated.
Components src world kernel</programlisting>
<para>ÁõôÞ ç ðáñÜìåôñïò åëÝã÷åé ðïéá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ &os; èá äéáôçñïýíôáé
åíçìåñùìÝíá. Ç ðñïåðéëïãÞ åßíáé íá åíçìåñþíåôáé ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò,
üëï ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá, êáé ï ðõñÞíáò. Ôá ôìÞìáôá åßíáé ôá ßäéá
ðïõ äéáôßèåíôáé êáé êáôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá áí âÜëåôå
ôçí åðéëïãÞ <literal>world/games</literal> èá åãêáèßóôáíôáé åíçìåñþóåéò
ãéá ôá ðáé÷íßäéá. Áí âÜëåôå <literal>src/bin</literal> èá åðéôñÝøåôå
ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ
<filename class="directory">src/bin</filename>.</para>
<para>Ç êáëýôåñç åðéëïãÞ åßíáé íá áöÞóåôå åäþ ôçí ðñïåðéëåãìÝíç ôéìÞ,
êáèþò áí ôçí áëëÜîåôå þóôå íá ðåñéÝ÷åé óõãêåêñéìÝíá ìüíï ôìÞìáôá,
èá áíáãêáóôåßôå íá áíáöÝñåôå ÷ùñéóôÜ ìÝóá óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí êÜèå
ôìÞìá ðïõ èÝëåôå íá åíçìåñþíåôáé. Áõôü ßóùò Ý÷åé êáôáóôñïöéêÜ
áðïôåëÝóìáôá, êáèþò åßíáé ðéèáíü ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò êáé ôá åêôåëÝóéìá
ðñïãñÜììáôá íá ìçí åßíáé ðëÝïí óå óõã÷ñïíéóìü ìåôáîý ôïõò.</para>
<programlisting># Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an IgnorePaths
# statement will be ignored.
IgnorePaths</programlisting>
<para>ÐñïóèÝóôå äéáäñïìÝò óå êáôáëüãïõò, üðùò
<filename class="directory">/bin</filename> Þ
<filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> ãéá íá áöÞóåôå
áðåßñá÷ôïõò ôïõò óõãêåêñéìÝíïõò êáôáëüãïõò êáôÜ ôçí äéáäéêáóßá
åíçìÝñùóçò. Ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá íá áðïôñÝøåé
ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> íá ãñÜøåé ðÜíù óå ðéèáíüí
äéêÝò óáò ôïðéêÝò áëëáãÝò.</para>
<programlisting># Paths which start with anything matching an entry in an UpdateIfUnmodified
# statement will only be updated if the contents of the file have not been
# modified by the user (unless changes are merged; see below).
UpdateIfUnmodified /etc/ /var/ /root/ /.cshrc /.profile</programlisting>
<para>Ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ èá åíçìåñþóåé ôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí óôïõò êáôáëüãïõò
ðïõ êáèïñßæïíôáé, ìüíï áí áõôÜ äåí Ý÷ïõí ìåôáâëçèåß áðü ôï ÷ñÞóôç.
Áí õðÜñ÷ïõí ôïðéêÝò áëëáãÝò, äåí èá ãßíåé åíçìÝñùóç. ÕðÜñ÷åé ìéá
áêüìá åðéëïãÞ, ç <literal>KeepModifiedMetadata</literal>, ç ïðïßá
ïäçãåß ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> íá áðïèçêåýóåé ôéò áëëáãÝò
ìåôáîý ôùí äýï åêäüóåùí êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò óõã÷þíåõóçò
(merge).</para>
<programlisting># When upgrading to a new &os; release, files which match MergeChanges
# will have any local changes merged into the version from the new release.
MergeChanges /etc/ /var/named/etc/</programlisting>
<para>Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôç ëßóôá ôùí êáôáëüãùí ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷ïõí áñ÷åßá
ñõèìßóåùí, êáé óôá ïðïßá ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> èá
åðé÷åéñåß ôçí äéáäéêáóßá óõã÷þíåõóçò áëëáãþí. Ç äéáäéêáóßá
óõã÷þíåõóçò ãßíåôáé ìå ìéá óåéñÜ áðü patches ôýðïõ &man.diff.1;
ðáñüìïéá ìå ôï &man.mergemaster.8; áëëÜ ìå ëéãüôåñåò åðéëïãÝò. Ïé
óõã÷ùíåýóåéò åßôå ãßíïíôáé äåêôÝò, åßôå ðñïêáëïýí ôï Üíïéãìá êÜðïéïõ
óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ, äéáöïñåôéêÜ ç åêôÝëåóç ôïõ
<command>freebsd-update</command> áêõñþíåôáé. Áí äåí åßóôå
óßãïõñïò, êñáôÞóôå áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ
<filename class="directory">/etc</filename> êáé áðëþò äå÷èåßôå ôéò
áëëáãÝò. Äåßôå ôï <xref linkend="mergemaster"/> ãéá
ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ
<command>mergemaster</command>.</para>
<programlisting># Directory in which to store downloaded updates and temporary
# files used by &os; Update.
# WorkDir /var/db/freebsd-update</programlisting>
<para>Óôïí êáôÜëïãï áõôü öõëÜóóïíôáé üëá ôá patches êáé ôá ðñïóùñéíÜ
áñ÷åßá. Óå ðåñéðôþóåéò üðïõ ï ÷ñÞóôçò åêôåëåß áíáâÜèìéóç óå ìéá
íåüôåñç Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os;, èá ðñÝðåé íá äéáèÝôåé ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí Ýíá
gigabyte åëåýèåñïõ ÷þñïõ.</para>
<programlisting># When upgrading between releases, should the list of Components be
# read strictly (StrictComponents yes) or merely as a list of components
# which *might* be installed of which &os; Update should figure out
# which actually are installed and upgrade those (StrictComponents no)?
# StrictComponents no</programlisting>
<para>Áí èÝóåôå ôçí ðáñáðÜíù åðéëïãÞ óôï <literal>yes</literal>,
ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> èá õðïèÝóåé üôé ç ëßóôá
<literal>Components</literal> åßíáé ðëÞñçò êáé äåí èá åðé÷åéñÞóåé
íá ðñï÷ùñÞóåé óå áëëáãÝò åêôüò ëßóôáò. ÏõóéáóôéêÜ, ôï
<command>freebsd-update</command> èá ðñïóðáèÞóåé íá åíçìåñþóåé êÜèå
áñ÷åßï ðïõ áíÞêåé óôç ëßóôá <literal>Components</literal>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="freebsdupdate-security-patches">
<title>Patches Ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí ÁóöÜëåéá</title>
<para>Ôá patches ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôçí áóöÜëåéá, áðïèçêåýïíôáé óå
Ýíá áðïìáêñõóìÝíï ìç÷Üíçìá êáé ìðïñïýí íá ìåôáöïñôùèïýí êáé íá
åãêáôáóôáèïýí ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update fetch</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update install</userinput></screen>
<para>Áí ìå ôçí ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞ åãêáôáóôáèïýí åíçìåñþóåéò óôïí ðõñÞíá,
èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìá. Áí üëá ðÜíå êáëÜ, ôï
óýóôçìá èá åßíáé ðëÝïí åíçìåñùìÝíï êáé ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëåßôå ôï
<command>freebsd-update</command> áõôüìáôá ìå ôçí âïÞèåéá ôïõ
&man.cron.8;. Ìéá áðëÞ êáôá÷þñéóç óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/crontab</filename> åßíáé åðáñêÞò ãéá áõôü
ôï óêïðü:</para>
<programlisting>@daily root freebsd-update cron</programlisting>
<para>Ç ðáñáðÜíù êáôá÷þñéóç ïñßæåé üôé ôï
<command>freebsd-update</command> èá åêôåëåßôáé ìéá öïñÜ ôçí çìÝñá.
Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü, êáé üôáí ç åêôÝëåóç åßíáé ìÝóù ôçò åðéëïãÞò
<option>cron</option>, ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> áðëþò
èá åëÝã÷åé ãéá åíçìåñþóåéò. Áí õðÜñ÷ïõí, ç åöáñìïãÞ èá ôéò
êáôåâÜæåé, áëëÜ äåí èá ôéò åãêáèéóôÜ. Èá óôÝëíåé üìùò Ýíá email
óôï ÷ñÞóôç <username>root</username> þóôå íá ôéò åãêáôáóôÞóåé
÷åéñïêßíçôá.</para>
<para>Áí ïôéäÞðïôå ðÜåé óôñáâÜ, ôï <command>freebsd-update</command>
Ý÷åé ôçí éêáíüôçôá íá åðéóôñÝöåé óôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç óôáèåñÞ êáôÜóôáóç,
áíáéñþíôáò ôï ôåëåõôáßï óåô áëëáãþí ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update rollback</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìå ôçí ïëïêëÞñùóç ôçò åíôïëÞò, èá ðñÝðåé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï
óýóôçìá áí Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé áëëáãÝò óôïí ðõñÞíá Þ óå êÜðïéï áðü ôá
áñèñþìáôá ôïõ. Áõôü èá åðéôñÝøåé óôï &os; íá öïñôþóåé ôá íÝá
åêôåëÝóéìá óôç ìíÞìç.</para>
<para>Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá <command>freebsd-update</command> ìðïñåß
íá åíçìåñþóåé áõôüìáôá ìüíï ôïí ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename>.
Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïò ðõñÞíáò, èá ðñÝðåé íá
ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß îáíÜ, üôáí ôï <command>freebsd-update</command>
ôåëåéþóåé ìå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí õðüëïéðùí åíçìåñþóåùí. Ùóôüóï, ôï
<command>freebsd-update</command> èá áíé÷íåýóåé êáé èá åíçìåñþóåé
ôïí ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename> óôï <filename
class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename> (áí õðÜñ÷åé), áêüìá
êáé áí äåí åßíáé ï åíåñãüò ðõñÞíáò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò (áõôüò ðïõ
åêôåëåßôáé ôç óõãêåêñéìÝíç óôéãìÞ).</para>
<note>
<para>Åßíáé ãåíéêÜ êáëÞ éäÝá íá Ý÷åôå ðÜíôá Ýíá áíôßãñáöï ôïõ
ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename>. Èá óáò âïçèÞóåé óôçí
äéÜãíùóç äéÜöïñùí ðñïâëçìÜôùí, êáèþò êáé óôçí áíáâÜèìéóç óå åðüìåíåò
åêäüóåéò ôïõ &os;, ìÝóù ôïõ <command>freebsd-update</command>.
Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé óôï
<xref linkend="freebsdupdate-upgrade"/>.</para>
</note>
<para>Áí äåí Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé áëëáãÝò óôéò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò óôï
áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/freebsd-update.conf</filename>, ôï
<command>freebsd-update</command> èá åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôá áíáíåùìÝíá áñ÷åßá
ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ìáæß ìå ôéò õðüëïéðåò åíçìåñþóåéò. Ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá
ðñï÷ùñÞóåôå óôç ìåôáãëþôôéóç êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç íÝïõ ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïõ
ðõñÞíá, ìå ôï óõíÞèç ôñüðï.</para>
<note>
<para>Ïé åíçìåñþóåéò ðïõ äéáíÝìïíôáé ìÝóù ôïõ
<command>freebsd-update</command> äåí ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí ðÜíôïôå áëëáãÝò
óôïí ðõñÞíá. Äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôï íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôïí
ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá óáò, áí ç åêôÝëåóç ôïõ
<command>freebsd-update install</command> äåí åðÝöåñå áëëáãÝò óôá
áñ÷åßá ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôïõ ðõñÞíá. Ùóôüóï, ôï
<command>freebsd-update</command> åíçìåñþíåé ðÜíôïôå ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/usr/src/sys/conf/newvers.sh</filename>. Ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü
ðåñéÝ÷åé ôï ôñÝ÷ïí åðßðåäï åíçìåñþóåùí (patch level) ôï ïðïßï êáé
áíáöÝñåôáé ùò áñéèìüò <literal>-p</literal> áðü åíôïëÝò üðùò ç
<command>uname -r</command>. Ìåôáãëùôôßæïíôáò îáíÜ ôïí
ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá óáò (áêüìá êáé áí äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí Üëëåò áëëáãÝò)
èá äþóåôå ôç äõíáôüôçôá óôçí &man.uname.1; íá áíáöÝñåé ìå áêñßâåéá
ôï åðßðåäï åíçìåñþóåùí. Áõôü ìðïñåß íá åßíáé éäéáßôåñá ÷ñÞóéìï
üôáí óõíôçñåßôå ðïëëáðëÜ óõóôÞìáôá, êáèþò óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá
áîéïëïãÞóåôå ìå ìéá ìáôéÜ ôé åíçìåñþóåéò Ý÷ïõí åãêáôáóôáèåß óôï
êáèÝíá.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="freebsdupdate-upgrade">
<title>Áíáâáèìßóåéò óå ÌéêñÝò êáé ÌåãÜëåò Åêäüóåéò</title>
<para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ èá áðïìáêñýíåé ôá ðáëéÜ áñ÷åßá áíôéêåéìåíéêïý
êþäéêá (object files) êáèþò êáé ôéò ðáëéÝò âéâëéïèÞêåò, êÜíïíôáò
ôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò åöáñìïãÝò ôñßôùí êáôáóêåõáóôþí íá ìç ëåéôïõñãïýí.
Óáò óõíéóôïýìå åßôå íá áðåãêáôáóôÞóåôå üëá ôá åãêáôåóôçìÝíá ports êáé
íá ôá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå îáíÜ, Þ íá ôá áíáâáèìßóåôå áñãüôåñá,
÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá
<filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portupgrade</filename>.
Ïé ðåñéóóüôåñïé ÷ñÞóôåò èá èÝëïõí íá êÜíïõí ìéá äïêéìáóôéêÞ
ìåôáãëþôôéóç ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -af</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï åîáóöáëßæåôáé üôé ôá ðÜíôá èá åðáíåãêáôáóôáèïýí
óùóôÜ. Óçìåéþóôå üôé áí èÝóåôå ôçí ìåôáâëçôÞ ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò
<makevar>BATCH</makevar> óôçí ôéìÞ <literal>yes</literal>, üëåò ïé
ðéèáíÝò åñùôÞóåéò ðïõ èá åìöáíéóôïýí êáôÜ ôç äéáäéêáóßá, èá
áðáíôçèïýí áõôüìáôá ìå <literal>yes</literal>. ¸ôóé äåí õðÜñ÷åé ðëÝïí
áíÜãêç ãéá ðáñÝìâáóç ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.</para>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïò ðõñÞíáò, ç äéáäéêáóßá
áíáâÜèìéóçò åßíáé åëáöñÜ ðéï ðïëýðëïêç. Èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå Ýíá áíôßãñáöï
ôïõ ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename>. Áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé Þäç ï
ðõñÞíáò <filename>GENERIC</filename> óôï óýóôçìá óáò, ìðïñåßôå íá ôïí
áíáêôÞóåôå ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ìéá áðü ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ìåèüäïõò:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå ìåôáãëùôôßóåé ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá ìüíï ìéá öïñÜ, ï
ðõñÞíáò óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/boot/kernel.old</filename> åßíáé óôçí
ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá ï <filename>GENERIC</filename>. Áðëþò ìåôïíïìÜóôå
ôïí êáôÜëïãï óå <filename
class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå öõóéêÞ ðñüóâáóç óôï ìç÷Üíçìá, ìðïñåßôå íá
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename>
áðü ôï CD-ROM ôçò åãêáôÜóôáóçò. ÔïðïèåôÞóôå ôï CD-ROM óôïí ïäçãü
êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /cdrom</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/<replaceable>X.Y-RELEASE</replaceable>/kernels</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>./install.sh GENERIC</userinput></screen>
<para>ÁíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôï <filename
class="directory"><replaceable>X.Y-RELEASE</replaceable></filename>
ìå ôïõò ðñáãìáôéêïýò áñéèìïýò ôçò Ýêäïóçò ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå.
Ï ðõñÞíáò <filename>GENERIC</filename> èá åãêáôáóôáèåß áðü
ðñïåðéëïãÞ óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Áí äåí Ý÷åôå êÜðïéá áðü ôéò ðáñáðÜíù åðéëïãÝò, ìðïñåßôå íá
ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá
<filename>GENERIC</filename> ìÝóù ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>env DESTDIR=/boot/GENERIC make kernel</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mv /boot/GENERIC/boot/kernel/* /boot/GENERIC</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -rf /boot/GENERIC/boot</userinput></screen>
<para>Ãéá íá áíáãíùñéóôåß áõôüò ï ðõñÞíáò ùò
<filename>GENERIC</filename> áðü ôï
<command>freebsd-update</command>, äåí èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé
áëëáãÝò óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ <filename>GENERIC</filename>.
Óõíßóôáôáé åðßóçò ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç íá ãßíåé ÷ùñßò Üëëåò
åîåéäéêåõìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò (êáôÜ ðñïôßìçóç ìå êåíü ôï
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ìå ôïí ðõñÞíá
<filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para>
<para>Åßíáé äõíáôÝò ïé áíáâáèìßóåéò ôüóï óå ìéêñÝò üóï êáé óå ìåãÜëåò
åêäüóåéò, äßíïíôáò óôçí åíôïëÞ <command>freebsd-update</command> ôïí
åðéèõìçôü áñéèìü Ýêäïóçò. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ èá
áíáâáèìßóåé ôï óýóôçìá óå &os; 8.1:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update -r 8.1-RELEASE upgrade</userinput></screen>
<para>ÌåôÜ ôç ëÞøç ôçò åíôïëÞò, ôï
<command>freebsd-update</command> èá áîéïëïãÞóåé ôçí êáôÜóôáóç ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò êáé ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ, óå ìéá áðüðåéñá íá ìáæÝøåé
ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôçí áíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.
Ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ áíé÷íåýèçêáí èá åìöáíéóôïýí óôçí ïèüíç ìå ôç ìïñöÞ
ìéáò ëßóôáò åãêáôåóôçìÝíùí ðñïãñáììÜôùí. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>
<screen>Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 1 mirrors found.
Fetching metadata signature for 8.0-RELEASE from update1.FreeBSD.org... done.
Fetching metadata index... done.
Inspecting system... done.
The following components of FreeBSD seem to be installed:
kernel/smp src/base src/bin src/contrib src/crypto src/etc src/games
src/gnu src/include src/krb5 src/lib src/libexec src/release src/rescue
src/sbin src/secure src/share src/sys src/tools src/ubin src/usbin
world/base world/info world/lib32 world/manpages
The following components of FreeBSD do not seem to be installed:
kernel/generic world/catpages world/dict world/doc world/games
world/proflibs
Does this look reasonable (y/n)? y</screen>
<para>Óôï óçìåßï áõôü, ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> èá
êáôåâÜóåé üëá ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé ãéá ôçí áíáâÜèìéóç. Óå
ìåñéêÝò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ï ÷ñÞóôçò èá êëçèåß íá áðáíôÞóåé óå åñùôÞóåéò
ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï ôé èá åãêáôáóôáèåß Þ ðùò ðñÝðåé íá ðñï÷ùñÞóåé ç
äéáäéêáóßá.</para>
<para>¼ôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïò ðõñÞíáò, ôï ðáñáðÜíù âÞìá
èá ðñïêáëÝóåé ôçí åìöÜíéóç ôçò ðáñáêÜôù ðñïåéäïðïßçóçò:</para>
<screen>WARNING: This system is running a "<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable>" kernel, which is not a
kernel configuration distributed as part of FreeBSD 8.0-RELEASE.
This kernel will not be updated: you MUST update the kernel manually
before running "/usr/sbin/freebsd-update install"</screen>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá áãíïÞóåôå áõôÞ ôçí ðñïåéäïðïßçóç. Èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõìå
ôïí åíçìåñùìÝíï ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename> ùò åíäéÜìåóï âÞìá
óôç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>
<para>Áöïý ìåôáöïñôùèïýí üëá ôá patches óôï ôïðéêü óýóôçìá, èá ãßíåé
êáé ç åöáñìïãÞ ôïõò. Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ ßóùò ðÜñåé ëßãï ÷ñüíï,
áíÜëïãá ìå ôçí ôá÷ýôçôá êáé ôï öïñôßï ôïõ ìç÷áíÞìáôïò. ¸ðåéôá èá
ãßíåé ç óõã÷þíåõóç ôùí áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí. Áõôü ôï ìÝñïò ôçò
äéáäéêáóßáò áðáéôåß ðáñÝìâáóç ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç, êáèþò óå êÜðïéá áñ÷åßá èá
÷ñåéáóôåß ç óõã÷þíåõóç íá ãßíåé ÷åéñïêßíçôá ìå ôç âïÞèåéá êÜðïéïõ
óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ. Ï ÷ñÞóôçò èá åíçìåñþíåôáé ãéá ôï áðïôÝëåóìá êÜèå
åðéôõ÷çìÝíçò óõã÷þíåõóçò êáèþò åîåëßóóåôáé ç äéáäéêáóßá. Óå
ðåñßðôùóç áðïôõ÷çìÝíçò óõã÷þíåõóçò (Þ áãíüçóçò ôçò), ç äéáäéêáóßá
áíáâÜèìéóçò èá äéáêïðåß. Åíäå÷ïìÝíùò íá èÝëåôå íá êñáôÞóåôå áíôßãñáöï
áóöáëåßáò ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ <filename class="directory">/etc</filename>
êáé íá óõã÷ùíåýóåôå áñãüôåñá (÷åéñïêßíçôá) êÜðïéá óçìáíôéêÜ áñ÷åßá,
üðùò ôï <filename>master.passwd</filename> Þ ôï
<filename>group</filename>.</para>
<note>
<para>Óôï óçìåßï áõôü äåí Ý÷åé ãßíåé áêüìá êáìéÜ áëëáãÞ óôï óýóôçìá,
êáèþò üëç ç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò êáé óõã÷þíåõóçò ãßíåôáé óå
äéáöïñåôéêü êáôÜëïãï. ¼ôáí åöáñìïóôïýí åðéôõ÷þò üëá ôá patches
êáé ïëïêëçñùèåß ìå åðéôõ÷ßá ç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò óõã÷þíåõóçò üëùí ôùí
áñ÷åßùí ñýèìéóçò, ï ÷ñÞóôçò èá ðñÝðåé íá åðéâåâáéþóåé ôçí ôåëéêÞ
åãêáôÜóôáóç.</para>
</note>
<para>Ìå ôï ôÝëïò áõôÞò ôç äéáäéêáóßáò, ç áíáâÜèìéóç ìðïñåß íá
ïñéóôéêïðïéçèåß óôï äßóêï, ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò áêüëïõèçò åíôïëÞò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update install</userinput></screen>
<para>Óôçí ðñþôç öÜóç, èá áëëá÷èåß ï ðõñÞíáò êáé ôá ó÷åôéêÜ áñèñþìáôá.
Óôï óçìåßï áõôü, èá ðñÝðåé íá ãßíåé åðáíåêêßíçóç ôïõ ìç÷áíÞìáôïò.
Óå ìç÷Üíçìá ìå ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
&man.nextboot.8; þóôå íá èÝóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá ãéá ôçí åðüìåíç åêêßíçóç
óôïí <filename class="directory">/boot/GENERIC</filename> (ï ïðïßïò
Ý÷åé Þäç áíáâáèìéóôåß):</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>nextboot -k GENERIC</userinput></screen>
<warning>
<para>Ðñéí åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ìå ôïí ðõñÞíá <filename>GENERIC</filename>,
âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ðåñéÝ÷åé üëá ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá ïäÞãçóçò ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé
ãéá ôçí åðéôõ÷Þ åêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò (êáé ôç ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ
äéêôýïõ, áí áíáâáèìßæåôå êÜðïéï áðïìáêñõóìÝíï ìç÷Üíçìá).
Åéäéêüôåñá, áí ï ðñïçãïýìåíïò ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïò ðõñÞíáò ðåñéåß÷å
ëåéôïõñãßåò ðïõ óõíÞèùò ðáñÝ÷ïíôáé áðü áñèñþìáôá (modules),
âåâáéùèåßôå üôé öñïíôßóáôå íá öïñôùèïýí ðñïóùñéíÜ óôïí ðõñÞíá
<filename>GENERIC</filename> ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ
áñ÷åßïõ <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. ºóùò åðßóçò íá
èÝëåôå íá áðåíåñãïðïéÞóåôå õðçñåóßåò, ðñïóáñôÞóåéò äßóêùí êáé
äéêôýïõ ê.ë.ð. ðïõ äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôåò, ìÝ÷ñé ôçí ïëïêëÞñùóç ôçò
äéáäéêáóßáò áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>
</warning>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ ãéá íá
åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìå ôïí íÝï ðõñÞíá:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìüëéò ôï óýóôçìá åðáíÝëèåé óå ëåéôïõñãßá, èá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå
îáíÜ ôï <command>freebsd-update</command>. Ç ðñïçãïýìåíç ëåéôïõñãßá
Ý÷åé áðïèçêåõèåß, êáé Ýôóé ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> äåí èá
îåêéíÞóåé áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ, áëëÜ èá áðïìáêñýíåé üëåò ôéò ðáëéÝò
êïéíü÷ñçóôåò âéâëéïèÞêåò êáé ôá áñ÷åßá áíôéêåéìåíéêïý êþäéêá. Ãéá íá
óõíå÷ßóåôå óå áõôü ôï óôÜäéï, äþóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update install</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôï áí õðÞñîáí áëëáãÝò óôïõò áñéèìïýò åêäüóåùí ôùí
âéâëéïèçêþí, ßóùò íá õðÜñ÷ïõí ìüíï äýï öÜóåéò åãêáôÜóôáóçò áíôß ãéá
ôñåéò.</para>
</note>
<para>¼ëï ôï ëïãéóìéêü ôñßôïõ êáôáóêåõáóôÞ èá ðñÝðåé ôþñá íá
ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß êáé íá åðáíåãêáôáóôáèåß áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ. Áõôü áðáéôåßôáé
êáèþò ôï åãêáôåóôçìÝíï ëïãéóìéêü ßóùò åîáñôÜôáé áðü âéâëéïèÞêåò ïé
ïðïßåò áöáéñÝèçêáí êáôÜ ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò. Ìðïñåßôå íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
<filename role="package">ports-mgmt/portupgrade</filename>
ãéá íá áõôïìáôïðïéÞóåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá. Ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå, äþóôå
ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -f ruby</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm /var/db/pkg/pkgdb.db</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -f ruby18-bdb</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm /var/db/pkg/pkgdb.db /usr/ports/INDEX-*.db</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -af</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìüëéò ïëïêëçñùèåß ôï ðáñáðÜíù, ïëïêëçñþóôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá
áíáâÜèìéóçò ìå ìéá ôåëåõôáßá êëÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò
<command>freebsd-update</command>. Äþóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ ãéá íá
ïëïêëçñþóåôå ïôéäÞðïôå Ý÷åé áðïìåßíåé óôç äéáäéêáóßá
áíáâÜèìéóçò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update install</userinput></screen>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýóáôå ðñïóùñéíÜ ôïí ðõñÞíá
<filename>GENERIC</filename>, áõôÞ åßíáé ç êáôÜëëçëç óôéãìÞ ãéá íá
ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå íÝï ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá, ìå ôï
óõíÞèç ôñüðï.</para>
<para>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óáò óôçí íÝá Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os;.
Ç äéáäéêáóßá Ý÷åé ïëïêëçñùèåß.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="freebsdupdate-system-comparison">
<title>Óýãêñéóç ÊáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ ÓõóôÞìáôïò</title>
<para>Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá <command>freebsd-update</command> ìðïñåß íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá íá åëÝãîåôå ôçí êáôÜóôáóç ôçò åãêáôåóôçìÝíçò
Ýêäïóçò ôïõ &os; óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ìéá ãíùóôÞ êáé óùóôÞ åãêáôÜóôáóç.
Ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ óõãêñßíåé êáé áîéïëïãåß ôçí ôñÝ÷ïõóá Ýêäïóç ôùí
ðñïãñáììÜôùí óõóôÞìáôïò, ôùí âéâëéïèçêþí êáé ôùí áñ÷åßùí ñýèìéóçò.
Ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôç óýãêñéóç, äþóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>freebsd-update IDS >> outfile.ids</userinput></screen>
<warning>
<para>Áí êáé ôï üíïìá ôçò åíôïëÞò åßíáé <acronym>IDS</acronym>, äåí
èá ðñÝðåé óå êáìéÜ ðåñßðôùóç íá èåùñçèåß õðïêáôÜóôáôï åíüò
óõóôÞìáôïò áíß÷íåõóçò åéóâïëÝá (intrusion detection system) üðùò
åßíáé ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôï
<filename role="package">security/snort</filename>.
Êáèþò ôï <command>freebsd-update</command> áðïèçêåýåé ôá äåäïìÝíá
ôïõ óôï äßóêï, õðÜñ÷åé ðÜíôá ç ðéèáíüôçôá íá Ý÷åé ãßíåé áëëïßùóç
ôïõò. Áí êáé ç ðéèáíüôçôá áõôÞ ìðïñåß íá ìåéùèåß ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
ôç ñýèìéóç <varname>kern.securelevel</varname> êáé áðïèçêåýïíôáò
ôá äåäïìÝíá ôçò åíôïëÞò <command>freebsd-update</command> óå Ýíá
óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ìüíï ãéá áíÜãíùóç, ìéá áêüìá êáëýôåñç ëýóç èá Þôáí
íá óõãêñßíåôå ôï óýóôçìá ìå êÜðïéï äßóêï ðïõ èåùñåßôå óßãïõñá
áóöáëÞ. Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá äßóêï
<acronym>DVD</acronym> Þ Ýíá åîùôåñéêü äßóêï <acronym>USB</acronym>
ðïõ öõëÜóóåôå óå áóöáëÞ ôïðïèåóßá.</para>
</warning>
<para>Èá ãßíåé ôþñá ìéá åðéèåþñçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò êáé èá åêôõðùèåß
ìéá ëßóôá áðü áñ÷åßá êáé ôéìÝò hash ôïõ ôýðïõ &man.sha256.1;,
ôüóï ãéá ôï åãêáôåóôçìÝíï üóï êáé ãéá ôï ãíùóôü óýóôçìá. ÅðåéäÞ
ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ìåãÜëç ëßóôá, ôçí áíáêáôåõèýíïõìå óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>outfile.ids</filename>. Óôçí ïèüíç ôï êåßìåíï èá êõëïýóå
ðïëý ãñÞãïñá, êáé óýíôïìá èá ãÝìéæå ôçí ðñïóùñéíÞ ìíÞìç áðåéêüíéóçò
ôçò êïíóüëáò.</para>
<para>Ïé ãñáììÝò áõôÝò Ý÷ïõí ãåíéêÜ ìåãÜëï ìÞêïò, áëëÜ åßíáé åýêïëï
íá åðåîåñãáóôïýìå ôçí Ýîïäï. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ãéá íá äåßôå ìéá ëßóôá
üëùí ôùí áñ÷åßùí ðïõ äéáöÝñïõí áðü áõôÜ ôçò åðßóçìçò Ýêäïóçò, äþóôå
ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat outfile.ids | awk '{ print $1 }' | more</userinput>
/etc/master.passwd
/etc/motd
/etc/passwd
/etc/pf.conf</screen>
<para>Ôá ðáñáðÜíù åßíáé ìüíï Ýíá ìÝñïò ôçò åîüäïõ, õðÜñ÷ïõí áêüìá
ðïëëÜ äéáöïñåôéêÜ áñ÷åßá. ÊÜðïéá áðü áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá åßíáé öõóéïëïãéêü
íá Ý÷ïõí ôñïðïðïéçèåß. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ôï
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> Ý÷åé ôñïðïðïéçèåß, êáèþò Ý÷ïõí
ðñïóôåèåß ÷ñÞóôåò óôï óýóôçìá. Óå ìåñéêÝò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ìðïñåß íá
õðÜñ÷ïõí êáé Üëëá áñ÷åßá, üðùò ð.÷. áñèñþìáôá ðõñÞíá ôá ïðïßá
äéáöÝñïõí áöïý Ý÷ïõí åíçìåñùèåß ìÝóù ôçò
<command>freebsd-update</command>. Ãéá íá åîáéñÝóåôå óõãêåêñéìÝíá
áñ÷åßá Þ êáôáëüãïõò, ðñïóèÝóôå ôá óôçí åðéëïãÞ
<literal>IDSIgnorePaths</literal> óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí
<filename>/etc/freebsd-update.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>Åêôüò áðü ôçí ÷ñÞóç ðïõ áíáöÝñáìå ðñïçãïõìÝíùò, ôï óýóôçìá áõôü
ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß êáé ùò ôìÞìá ìéáò ëåðôïìåñïýò äéáäéêáóßáò
áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="updating-upgrading-portsnap">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Rhodes</surname>
<contrib>ÃñÜöçêå áðü ôïí </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Colin</firstname>
<surname>Percival</surname>
<contrib>ÂáóéóìÝíï óå óçìåéþóåéò ðïõ ðáñåß÷å ï </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>Portsnap: ¸íá Åñãáëåßï ÅíçìÝñùóçò ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports</title>
<indexterm><primary>Updating and Upgrading</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>Portsnap</primary>
<see>Updating and Upgrading</see>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá ôïõ &os; ðåñéëáìâÜíåé åðßóçò Ýíá âïçèçôéêü
ðñüãñáììá ãéá ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports. Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôï
&man.portsnap.8;. ¼ôáí ôï åêôåëÝóåôå, èá óõíäåèåß óå Ýíá áðïìáêñõóìÝíï
äéáêïìéóôÞ, èá åðáëçèåýóåé ôï êëåéäß ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, êáé èá
êáôåâÜóåé Ýíá íÝï áíôßãñáöï ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports. Ôï êëåéäß
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá åðáëçèåýóåé ôçí áêåñáéüôçôá üëùí ôùí áñ÷åßùí
ðïõ ìåôáöïñôþíïíôáé, åîáóöáëßæïíôáò üôé äåí Ý÷ïõí áëëïéùèåß êáôÜ
ôçí ìåôáöïñÜ. Ãéá íá êáôåâÜóåôå ôá ôåëåõôáßá áñ÷åßá ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí
Ports, åêôåëÝóôå ôçí áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap fetch</userinput>
Looking up portsnap.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 9 mirrors found.
Fetching snapshot tag from geodns-1.FreeBSD.org... done.
Fetching snapshot metadata... done.
Updating from Tue May 22 02:12:15 CEST 2012 to Wed May 23 16:28:31 CEST 2012.
Fetching 3 metadata patches.. done.
Applying metadata patches... done.
Fetching 3 metadata files... done.
Fetching 90 patches.....10....20....30....40....50....60....70....80....90. done.
Applying patches... done.
Fetching 133 new ports or files... done.</screen>
<para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù ðáñÜäåéãìá äåß÷íåé üôé ôï &man.portsnap.8;
âñÞêå êáé åðáëÞèåõóå áñêåôÜ patches ôá ïðïßá ðñÝðåé íá åöáñìïóôïýí
óôï õðÜñ÷ïí äÝíôñï ôùí ports. Áõôü äåß÷íåé åðßóçò üôé ôï ðñüãñáììá
Ý÷åé åêôåëåóôåß êáôÜ ôï ðáñåëèüí. Áí áõôÞ Þôáí ç ðñþôç öïñÜ ðïõ
åêôåëïýíôáí, èá ãßíïíôáí áðëþò êáôÝâáóìá ôçò óõëëïãÞò.</para>
<para>¼ôáí ôï &man.portsnap.8; åêôåëÝóåé åðéôõ÷þò ôç ëåéôïõñãßá
<command>fetch</command>, ç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports êáé ôá
áíôßóôïé÷á patches Ý÷ïõí áðïèçêåõèåß óôï ôïðéêü óýóôçìá êáé Ý÷åé ãßíåé
ç åðáëÞèåõóç ôïõò. Ôçí ðñþôç öïñÜ ðïõ èá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
<command>portsnap</command>, èá ðñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
<literal>extract</literal> ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá åíçìåñùìÝíá
áñ÷åßá:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap extract</userinput>
/usr/ports/.cvsignore
/usr/ports/CHANGES
/usr/ports/COPYRIGHT
/usr/ports/GIDs
/usr/ports/KNOBS
/usr/ports/LEGAL
/usr/ports/MOVED
/usr/ports/Makefile
/usr/ports/Mk/bsd.apache.mk
/usr/ports/Mk/bsd.autotools.mk
/usr/ports/Mk/bsd.cmake.mk
<replaceable>...</replaceable></screen>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíç ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå
ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>portsnap update</command> ãéá íá ôçí
åíçìÝñùóåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap update</userinput></screen>
<para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá Ý÷åé ðëÝïí ïëïêëçñùèåß, êáé ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå
Þ íá áíáâáèìßóåôå åöáñìïãÝò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíçìåñùìÝíç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí
Ports.</para>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôéò äéáäéêáóßåò <literal>fetch</literal> êáé
<literal>extract</literal> Þ <literal>update</literal> äéáäï÷éêÜ, üðùò
öáßíåôáé óôï ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portsnap fetch update</userinput></screen>
<para>Ç ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞ èá êáôåâÜóåé ôçí ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò
ôùí Ports êáé èá åíçìåñþóåé ôá ôïðéêÜ áñ÷åßá óáò óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename class="directory">/usr/ports</filename>.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="updating-upgrading-documentation">
<title>Åíçìåñþíïíôáò ôçí Ôåêìçñßùóç</title>
<indexterm><primary>Updating and Upgrading</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>Documentation</primary>
<see>Updating and Upgrading</see>
</indexterm>
<para>Åêôüò áðü ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá êáé ôçí ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, ç ôåêìçñßùóç
áðïôåëåß åðßóçò âáóéêü ôìÞìá åíüò óõóôÞìáôïò &os;. Áí êáé ðÜíôá
ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ôçí ðéï ðñüóöáôç ôåêìçñßùóç óôçí <ulink
url="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/">äéêôõáêÞ ôïðïèåóßá ôïõ &os;</ulink>,
ïñéóìÝíïé ÷ñÞóôåò ßóùò Ý÷ïõí áñãÞ Þ ìç óôáèåñÞ óýíäåóç ìå ôï Äéáäßêôõï.
Åõôõ÷þò õðÜñ÷ïõí áñêåôïß ôñüðïé ãéá íá åíçìåñþóåôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ç
ïðïßá ðáñÝ÷åôáé ìå êÜèå åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç, äéáôçñþíôáò ôï äéêü óáò ôïðéêü
áíôßãñáöï ôçò ðéï ðñüóöáôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;.</para>
<sect2 id="csup-doc">
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï CVSup ãéá ôçí ÅíçìÝñùóç ôçò
Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>
<para>Ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò êáé ôï åãêáôåóôçìÝíï áíôßãñáöï ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò
ôïõ &os;, ìðïñïýí íá åíçìåñùèïýí ìå ôçí âïÞèåéá ôïõ
<application>CVSup</application>, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò Ýíá ìç÷áíéóìü
ðáñüìïéï ìå áõôüí ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá (äåßôå ôï
<xref linkend="makeworld"/>). Ç åíüôçôá áõôÞ ðåñéãñÜöåé:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá åñãáëåßá ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé ãéá ôçí
ôåêìçñßùóç, ìå ôá ïðïßá ìðïñåßôå íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç
ôïõ &os; îåêéíþíôáò áðü ôïí ðçãáßï ôçò êþäéêá.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá êáôåâÜóåôå Ýíá áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò
ôåêìçñßùóçò óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/usr/doc</filename> ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï
<application>CVSup</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá áíáäçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôïõ &os; áðü ôïí
ðçãáßï ôçò êþäéêá, êáé íá ôçí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/doc/</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="installing-documentation-toolchain">
<title>Åãêáèéóôþíôáò ôï CVSup êáé ôç ÓåéñÜ Åñãáëåßùí ôçò
Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>
<para>Ç áíáäçìéïõñãßá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os; áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá,
áðáéôåß ìéá ó÷åôéêÜ ìåãÜëç óõëëïãÞ åñãáëåßùí. Ôá åñãáëåßá áõôÜ äåí
åßíáé ìÝñïò ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõ &os;, êáèþò ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé áñêåôü
÷þñï óôï äßóêï êáé äåí åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìá óå üëïõò ôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò.
Åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìá ìüíï óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò ðïõ áó÷ïëïýíôáé ìå ôç óõããñáöÞ íÝáò
ôåêìçñßùóçò ãéá ôï &os;, Þ ðïõ åíçìåñþíïõí óõ÷íÜ ôçí ôïðéêÞ ôïõò
ôåêìçñßùóç ìÝóù ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá.</para>
<para>¼ëá ôá áðáéôïýìåíá åñãáëåßá äéáôßèåíôáé ìÝóù ôçò ÓõëëïãÞò ôùí
Ports. Ôï <filename
role="package">textproc/docproj</filename> åßíáé ôï êýñéï port ôï
ïðïßï Ý÷åé áíáðôõ÷èåß áðü ôçí ÏìÜäá Ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;, ãéá íá
âïçèÞóåé óôçí áñ÷éêÞ åãêáôÜóôáóç êáé ôéò ìåëëïíôéêÝò áíáâáèìßóåéò
áõôþí ôùí åñãáëåßùí.</para>
<note>
<para>Áí äåí áðáéôåßôáé ç äçìéïõñãßá ôåêìçñßùóçò óå ìïñöÝò
&postscript; Þ PDF, ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï port <filename
role="package">textproc/docproj-nojadetex</filename>. ÁõôÞ ç
Ýêäïóç ôùí åñãáëåßùí ðåñéÝ÷åé ôá ðÜíôá åêôüò áðü ôçí ìç÷áíÞ
óôïé÷åéïèåóßáò <application>teTeX</application>.
Ôï <application>teTeX</application> åßíáé ìéá áñêåôÜ ìåãÜëç óõëëïãÞ
åñãáëåßùí, êáé äåí Ý÷åé íüçìá íá ôï åãêáôáóôÞóåôå áí äåí óáò
åßíáé áðáñáßôçôç ç ðáñáãùãÞ ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò óå ìïñöÞ
PDF.</para>
</note>
<para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç êáé ÷ñÞóç
ôïõ <application>CVSup</application>, äåßôå ôçí åíüôçôá <link
linkend="cvsup">×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï CVSup</link>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="updating-documentation-sources">
<title>Åíçìåñþíïíôáò ôïí Ðçãáßï Êþäéêá ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>
<para>Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá <application>CVSup</application> ìðïñåß íá
êáôåâÜóåé Ýíá êáèáñü áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò,
÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï
<filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup/doc-supfile</filename>
ùò ðñüôõðï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí. Ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò õðïëïãéóôÞò åíçìåñþóåùí
óôï ðáñáðÜíù áñ÷åßï åßíáé ñõèìéóìÝíïò óå ðëáóìáôéêÞ ôéìÞ. Ùóôüóï,
ç &man.cvsup.1; äÝ÷åôáé üíïìá õðïëïãéóôÞ ìÝóù ôçò ãñáììÞò åíôïëþí,
Ýôóé ìðïñåßôå íá áíáêôÞóåôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ìÝóù
êÜðïéïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ <application>CVSup</application> ãñÜöïíôáò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cvsup -h <replaceable>cvsup.FreeBSD.org</replaceable> -g -L 2 <filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup/doc-supfile</filename></userinput></screen>
<para>ÁëëÜîôå ôï <replaceable>cvsup.FreeBSD.org</replaceable> ìå ôïí
êïíôéíüôåñï óáò åîõðçñåôçôÞ <application>CVSup</application>. Äåßôå
ôï <xref linkend="cvsup-mirrors"/> ãéá ìéá ðëÞñç ëßóôá ôùí mirror
sites.</para>
<para>Ôï áñ÷éêü êáôÝâáóìá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ìðïñåß
íá äéáñêÝóåé áñêåôÞ þñá. ÁöÞóôå ôï íá åêôåëåßôáé ìÝ÷ñé íá
ïëïêëçñùèåß.</para>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá óõíå÷ßóåôå íá åíçìåñþíåôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôçò
ôåêìçñßùóçò ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí ßäéá åíôïëÞ. Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá
<application>CVSup</application> êáôåâÜæåé êáé áíôéãñÜöåé ìüíï ôéò
åíçìåñþóåéò óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá åêôÝëåóç ôïõ, Ýôóé êÜèå åêôÝëåóç
ôïõ <application>CVSup</application> ìåôÜ ôçí ðñþôç èá ðñÝðåé íá
åßíáé áñêåôÜ ãñÞãïñç.</para>
<para>ÌåôÜ ôçí áñ÷éêÞ áíÜêôçóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, Ýíáò åíáëëáêôéêüò
ôñüðïò åíçìÝñùóçò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò åßíáé ìÝóù ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
<filename>Makefile</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/usr/doc</filename>. ÈÝôïíôáò ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò
<makevar>SUP_UPDATE</makevar>, <makevar>SUPHOST</makevar> êáé
<makevar>DOCSUPFILE</makevar> óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>, ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/doc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make update</userinput></screen>
<para>ÔõðéêÝò ôéìÝò ãéá ôéò ðáñáðÜíù åðéëïãÝò ôïõ &man.make.1; óôï
áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> åßíáé:</para>
<programlisting>SUP_UPDATE= yes
SUPHOST?= cvsup.freebsd.org
DOCSUPFILE?= /usr/share/examples/cvsup/doc-supfile</programlisting>
<note>
<para>Áí èÝóåôå ôéò ôéìÝò ôùí <makevar>SUPHOST</makevar> êáé
<makevar>DOCSUPFILE</makevar> óå <literal>?=</literal>, èá ìðïñåßôå
íá ïñßóåôå Üëëåò ôéìÝò ãéá áõôÝò óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëÞò ôïõ make.
Áõôüò åßíáé êáé ï óõíéóôþìåíïò ôñüðïò íá ðñïóèÝóåôå åðéëïãÝò óôï
<filename>make.conf</filename>, þóôå íá áðïöåýãåôå íá ôñïðïðïéåßôå
óõíÝ÷åéá ôï áñ÷åßï êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ èÝëåôå íá äïêéìÜóåôå ìéá íÝá ôéìÞ
óå ìéá åðéëïãÞ.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="updating-documentation-options">
<title>ÐñïóáñìïãÞ Åðéëïãþí óôïí Ðçãáßï Êþäéêá ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>
<para>Ôï óýóôçìá åíçìÝñùóçò êáé ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;,
õðïóôçñßæåé ìåñéêÝò åðéëïãÝò ðïõ äéåõêïëýíïõí ôç äéáäéêáóßá
åíçìÝñùóçò åíüò ìüíï ìÝñïõò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò, Þ ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç
ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò êÜðïéùí óõãêåêñéìÝíùí ìåôáöñÜóåùí. Áí èÝëåôå ïé
åðéëïãÝò áõôÝò íá éó÷ýïõí ìüíéìá, ìðïñåßôå íá ôéò ïñßóåôå ìÝóá óôï
áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>, äéáöïñåôéêÜ ìðïñåßôå íá
ôéò ïñßæåôå êÜèå öïñÜ óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëÞò ôçò &man.make.1;.</para>
<para>ÊÜðïéåò áðü ôéò åðéëïãÝò áõôÝò öáßíïíôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><makevar>DOC_LANG</makevar></term>
<listitem>
<para>Ëßóôá ôùí ãëùóóþí êáé êùäéêïðïéÞóåùí ðïõ èá ìåôáãëùôôéóôïýí
êáé èá åãêáôáóôáèïýí, ð.÷. <literal>en_US.ISO8859-1</literal>
áí åßíáé åðéèõìçôÞ ìüíï ç ÁããëéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><makevar>FORMATS</makevar></term>
<listitem>
<para>Ç ìïñöÞ (Þ ìéá ëßóôá áðü ìïñöÝò) óôçí ïðïßá èá ðáñá÷èåß ç
ìåôáãëùôôéóìÝíç ôåêìçñßùóç. Ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ õðïóôçñßæïíôáé
ïé ìïñöÝò <literal>html</literal>,
<literal>html-split</literal>, <literal>txt</literal>,
<literal>ps</literal>, <literal>pdf</literal> êáé
<literal>rtf</literal>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><makevar>SUPHOST</makevar></term>
<listitem>
<para>Ôï üíïìá ôïõ åîõðçñåôçôÞ <application>CVSup</application>
ðïõ èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß êáôÜ ôçí åíçìÝñùóç.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><makevar>DOCDIR</makevar></term>
<listitem>
<para>Ï êáôÜëïãïò óôïí ïðïßï èá åãêáôáóôáèåß ç ôåêìçñßùóç. Áðü
ðñïåðéëïãÞ åßíáé ï <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/doc</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò ôïõ make
ðïõ õðïóôçñßæïíôáé ùò åðéëïãÝò óõóôÞìáôïò óôï &os;, äåßôå ôçí óåëßäá
manual ôïõ &man.make.conf.5;.</para>
<para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò êáé ìåôáâëçôÝò make ðïõ
õðïóôçñßæïíôáé áðü ôï óýóôçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;,
ðáñáêáëïýìå äåßôå ôéò <ulink
url="&url.doc.langbase.en;/books/fdp-primer">Ïäçãßåò ôçò ÏìÜäáò
Ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os; ãéá ÍÝïõò Óõããñáöåßò</ulink>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="updating-installed-documentation">
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ FreeBSD áðü ôïí Ðçãáßï
Êþäéêá</title>
<para>¸÷ïíôáò åíçìåñþóåé ôï ôïðéêü áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò
ôåêìçñßùóçò óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/usr/doc</filename>, åßìáóôå Ýôïéìïé ãéá ôçí
åíçìÝñùóç ôçò åãêáôåóôçìÝíçò ôåêìçñßùóçò.</para>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ðñï÷ùñÞóåôå óå ðëÞñç åíçìÝñùóç üëùí ôùí ãëùóóþí ðïõ
ïñßæïíôáé óôçí åðéëïãÞ <makevar>DOC_LANG</makevar> ôïõ Makefile,
ãñÜöïíôáò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/doc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé ôï <filename>make.conf</filename> ìå ôéò óùóôÝò
ôéìÝò ãéá ôéò åðéëïãÝò <makevar>DOCSUPFILE</makevar>,
<makevar>SUPHOST</makevar> êáé <makevar>SUP_UPDATE</makevar>, ìðïñåßôå
íá óõíäõÜóåôå ôá âÞìáôá åíçìÝñùóçò êáé åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ ðçãáßïõ
êþäéêá óå Ýíá, ãñÜöïíôáò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/doc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make update install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>Áí åðéèõìåßôå ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ìéáò ìüíï óõãêåêñéìÝíçò ãëþóóáò,
ìðïñåßôå íá êáëÝóåôå ôçí &man.make.1; óå Ýíá óõãêåêñéìÝíï
õðïêáôÜëïãï ôïõ <filename class="directory">/usr/doc</filename>,
ð.÷.:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make update install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá êáèïñßóåôå ôç ìïñöÞ ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ðïõ èá
åãêáôáóôáèåß, ñõèìßæïíôáò ôç ìåôáâëçôÞ <makevar>FORMATS</makevar> ôïõ
make, ð.÷.:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/doc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make FORMATS='html html-split' install clean</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="doc-ports">
<sect2info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Marc</firstname>
<surname>Fonvieille</surname>
<contrib>ÂáóéóìÝíï óå åñãáóßá ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect2info>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôá Ports ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>
<indexterm><primary>Updating and Upgrading</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>documentation package</primary>
<see>Updating and Upgrading</see>
</indexterm>
<para>Óôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç åíüôçôá, ðáñïõóéÜóáìå ìéá ìÝèïäï ãéá ôçí
åíçìÝñùóç ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os; ìÝóù ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá.
Ùóôüóï, ïé åíçìåñþóåéò ðïõ âáóßæïíôáé óôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ìðïñåß íá
ìçí åßíáé äõíáôÝò Þ ðñáêôéêÝò ãéá êÜèå óýóôçìá &os;. Ç äéáäéêáóßá
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò áðáéôåß ó÷åôéêÜ
ìåãÜëï áñéèìü åñãáëåßùí êáé âïçèçôéêþí ðñïãñáììÜôùí, ãíùóôÜ ùò
<emphasis>åñãáëåßá ôåêìçñßùóçò</emphasis>. Áðáéôåß åðßóçò êáé ìéá
ó÷åôéêÞ åîïéêåßùóç ìå ôï <application>CVS</application> êáé ôç
äéáäéêáóßá áíÜêôçóçò ôùí áñ÷åßùí áðü áõôü, êáèþò êáé ìéá óåéñÜ
áðü âÞìáôá ãéá ôç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ êþäéêá. Óôçí åíüôçôá áõôÞ
ðåñéãñÜöïõìå Ýíá åíáëëáêôéêü ôñüðï åíçìÝñùóçò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ðïõ
åãêáèßóôáôáé ìáæß ìå ôï &os;. Ç ìÝèïäïò áõôÞ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôçí
ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports êáé äßíåé ôéò ðáñáêÜôù äõíáôüôçôåò:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ÊáôÝâáóìá êáé åãêáôÜóôáóç ðñï-ìåôáãëùôôéóìÝíùí óôéãìéüôõðùí
ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò, ÷ùñßò íá áðáéôåßôáé êáìéÜ ôïðéêÞ ìåôáãëþôôéóç
(åîáëåßöïíôáò Ýôóé êáé ôçí áíÜãêç åãêáôÜóôáóçò üëùí ôùí åñãáëåßùí
ôåêìçñßùóçò).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÊáôÝâáóìá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò êáé
ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ ìÝóù ôùí äõíáôïôÞôùí ðïõ ðáñÝ÷ïõí ôá åñãáëåßá
ôùí ports (áðëïðïéþíôáò ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï ôç ÷åéñïêßíçôç
äéáäéêáóßá áíÜêôçóçò êáé ìåôáãëþôôéóçò).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>ÁõôÝò ïé äýï ìÝèïäïé åíçìÝñùóçò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;
õðïóôçñßæïíôáé áðü ìéá óåéñÜ áðü
<emphasis>ports ôåêìçñßùóçò</emphasis> ôá ïðïßá åíçìåñþíïíôáé êÜèå
ìÞíá áðü ôçí &a.doceng;. Óôç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, èá ôá âñåßôå êÜôù
áðü ôçí êáôçãïñßá <ulink
url="http://www.freshports.org/docs/">docs</ulink>.</para>
<sect3 id="doc-ports-install-make">
<title>Ìåôáãëþôôéóç êáé ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí Ports ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>
<para>Ôá ports ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ðïõ ðáñÝ÷åé ôï óýóôçìá ôùí ports þóôå íá äéåõêïëýíïõí
ôç äéáäéêáóßá äçìéïõñãßáò ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò. Ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï
ç áíÜêôçóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ãßíåôáé áõôüìáôá ìå
ôçí åêôÝëåóç ôçò &man.make.1; êáé ôéò êáôÜëëçëåò ñõèìßóåéò óôï
ðåñéâÜëëïí. Ç åãêáôÜóôáóç êáé áðåãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò
åßíáé ôï ßäéï åýêïëç ìå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ïðïéïõäÞðïôå Üëëïõ port
Þ ðáêÝôïõ óôï &os;.</para>
<note>
<para>Óå ðåñßðôùóç ôïðéêÞò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ôùí ports ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò,
áðáéôåßôáé êáé ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí
<emphasis>åñãáëåßùí ôåêìçñßùóçò</emphasis>. Ôá åñãáëåßá áõôÜ
ùóôüóï èá åãêáôáóôáèïýí áõôüìáôá.</para>
</note>
<para>Ç ïñãÜíùóç ôùí ports ôåêìçñßùóçò öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷åé Ýíá êåíôñéêü <quote>master port</quote>, ôï
<filename role="package">misc/freebsd-doc-en</filename> ôï
ïðïßï äéáèÝôåé ôá áðáñáßôçôá áñ÷åßá êáé áðïôåëåß ôçí
âÜóç üëùí ôùí Üëëùí ports ôåêìçñßùóçò. Áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ, ôï
port áõôü ìåôáãëùôôßæåé ìüíï ôçí ÁããëéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷åé Ýíá port <quote>üëá óå Ýíá</quote>, ôï
<filename role="package">misc/freebsd-doc-all</filename> ôï
ïðïßï ìåôáãëùôôßæåé êáé åãêáèéóôÜ üëç ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç óå üëåò ôéò
äéáèÝóéìåò ãëþóóåò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÔÝëïò, õðÜñ÷åé Ýíá <quote>åîáñôþìåíï port</quote> ãéá êÜèå
ìåôÜöñáóç, ð.÷.: <filename
role="package">misc/freebsd-doc-el</filename> ãéá ôçí
ÅëëçíéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç. ¼ëá áõôÜ ôá ports åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôï
master port êáé åãêáèéóôïýí ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ðïõ Ý÷åé ìåôáöñáóôåß
óôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç ãëþóóá.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá port ôåêìçñßùóçò áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá,
åêôåëÝóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò
(ùò <username>root</username>):</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-en</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install clean</userinput></screen>
<para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù èá ìåôáãëùôôßóåé êáé èá åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôçí ÁããëéêÞ
ôåêìçñßùóç óå ìïñöÞ ôìçìáôéêþí <acronym>HTML</acronym> êåéìÝíùí
(üðùò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé êáé óôï <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org"></ulink>), óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd</filename>.</para>
<sect4 id="doc-ports-options">
<title>ÓõíçèéóìÝíåò ÅðéëïãÝò êáé ÐáñÜìåôñïé Ìåôáãëþôôéóçò</title>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áñêåôÝò åðéëïãÝò ãéá ôçí
ôñïðïðïßçóç ôçò ðñïåðéëåãìÝíçò óõìðåñéöïñÜò ôùí ports ôåêìçñßùóçò.
ÐáñáêÜôù äåß÷íïõìå ìåñéêÝò ìüíï áðü áõôÝò:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><makevar>WITH_HTML</makevar></term>
<listitem>
<para>ÅðéôñÝðåé ôç äçìéïõñãßá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò óå ìïñöÞ HTML.
Èá äçìéïõñãçèåß Ýíá áñ÷åßï HTML ãéá êÜèå êåßìåíï.
Ç ìïñöïðïéçìÝíç ôåêìçñßùóç èá áðïèçêåõèåß, áíÜëïãá ìå ôçí
ðåñßðôùóç, óå Ýíá áñ÷åßï ìå üíïìá
<filename>article.html</filename> Þ
<filename>book.html</filename>. Èá ãßíåé åðßóçò êáé
áðïèÞêåõóç ôùí áíôßóôïé÷ùí åéêüíùí.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><makevar>WITH_PDF</makevar></term>
<listitem>
<para>ÅðéôñÝðåé ôç äçìéïõñãßá åããñÜöïõ óå ìïñöÞ &adobe;
Portable Document Format (PDF) ãéá ÷ñÞóç ìå ôïí &adobe;
&acrobat.reader;, ôï <application>Ghostscript</application>,
Þ Üëëá ðñïãñÜììáôá ðñïâïëÞò åããñÜöùí PDF. Ç ìïñöïðïéçìÝíç
ôåêìçñßùóç èá áðïèçêåõèåß, áíÜëïãá ìå ôçí ðåñßðôùóç, óå Ýíá
áñ÷åßï <filename>article.pdf</filename> Þ
<filename>book.pdf</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><makevar>DOCBASE</makevar></term>
<listitem>
<para>Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôçí èÝóç óôçí ïðïßá èá åãêáôáóôáèåß ç
ôåêìçñßùóç. Áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ, åßíáé ï êáôÜëïãïò <filename
class="directory">/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd</filename>.</para>
<note>
<para>ÐáñáôçñÞóôå üôé ï ðñïåðéëåãìÝíïò êáôÜëïãïò äéáöÝñåé
áðü áõôüí ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óôç ìÝèïäï
<application>CVSup</application>. Áõôü óõìâáßíåé åðåéäÞ
ãßíåôáé åãêáôÜóôáóç port, ôá ïðïßá áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename
class="directory">/usr/local</filename>. Ìðïñåßôå
íá ðáñáêÜìøåôå áõôÞ ôçí ðñïåðéëïãÞ, áëëÜæïíôáò ôçí ôéìÞ
ôçò ìåôáâëçôÞò <makevar>PREFIX</makevar>.</para>
</note>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>ÐáñáêÜôù èá âñåßôå Ýíá óýíôïìï ðáñÜäåéãìá ó÷åôéêü ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç
ôùí ìåôáâëçôþí ãéá ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò ÁããëéêÞò ôåêìçñßùóçò óå
ìïñöÞ PDF:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/misc/freebsd-doc-en
&prompt.root; make -DWITH_PDF DOCBASE=share/doc/freebsd/en install clean</screen>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="doc-ports-install-package">
<title>×ñÞóç ¸ôïéìùí ÐáêÝôùí Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>
<para>Ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôùí ports ôåêìçñßùóçò áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá
(üðùò åßäáìå óôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç åíüôçôá), áðáéôåß ôïðéêÞ åãêáôÜóôáóç
ôùí áíôßóôïé÷ùí åñãáëåßùí ôåêìçñßùóçò êáé åðÜñêåéá ÷þñïõ óôï äßóêï
ãéá ôçí äéáäéêáóßá. ¼ôáí äåí äéáôßèåíôáé ïé áðáñáßôçôïé ðüñïé ãéá
ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí åñãáëåßùí ôåêìçñßùóçò (Þ åðåéäÞ ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç
áðü ôá ports èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýóå ðïëý ÷þñï), ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ìðïñåß
íá ãßíåé ìÝóù Ýôïéìùí ðáêÝôùí ôåêìçñßùóçò.</para>
<para>H &a.doceng; ðñïåôïéìÜæåé ìçíéáßá óôéãìéüôõðá ðáêÝôùí
ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os;. Ôá Ýôïéìá áõôÜ ðáêÝôá ìðïñïýí íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí ìå ôçí âïÞèåéá ïðïéïõäÞðïôå åñãáëåßïõ äéá÷åßñéóçò
ðáêÝôùí ðïõ äéáôßèåôáé ìå ôï &os;, üðùò ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôá
&man.pkg.add.1;, &man.pkg.delete.1; ê.ë.ð.</para>
<note>
<para>¼ôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå Ýôïéìá ðáêÝôá, ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò
ôåêìçñßùóçò ôçò åðéëåãìÝíçò ãëþóóáò èá ãßíåôáé óå üëåò ôéò
äéáèÝóéìåò ìïñöÝò.</para>
</note>
<para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ èá åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôçí ôåëåõôáßá
Ýêäïóç ôïõ Ýôïéìïõ ðáêÝôïõ ôçò ÅëëçíéêÞò ôåêìçñßùóçò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r el-freebsd-doc</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>Ôá ðáêÝôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôç ìïñöÞ
<literal><replaceable>lang</replaceable>-freebsd-doc</literal> óôï
üíïìá ôïõò, ç ïðïßá äéáöÝñåé áðü ôçí áíôßóôïé÷ç ìïñöÞ ôïõ port.
Ôï <replaceable>lang</replaceable> åßíáé ç óýíôïìç ìïñöÞ ôçò
ãëþóóáò, ð.÷. <literal>el</literal> ãéá ÅëëçíéêÜ Þ
<literal>zh_cn</literal> ãéá ÁðëïðïéçìÝíá ÊéíÝæéêá.</para>
</note>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="doc-ports-update">
<title>Åíçìåñþíïíôáò ôá Ports ôçò Ôåêìçñßùóçò</title>
<para>Ãéá íá åíçìåñþóåôå Ýíá Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíï port ôåêìçñßùóçò,
ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ïðïéïäÞðïôå åñãáëåßï áíáâÜèìéóçò ports.
Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ åíçìåñþíåé ôçí åãêáôåóôçìÝíç
ÅëëçíéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç ìÝóù ôïõ åñãáëåßïõ <filename
role="package">ports-mgmt/portupgrade</filename> ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ìüíï
Ýôïéìùí ðáêÝôùí:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>portupgrade -PP el-freebsd-doc</userinput></screen>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<![ IGNORE [
<sect2 id="docsnap">
<sect2info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Pav</firstname>
<surname>Lucistnik</surname>
<contrib>ÂáóéóìÝíï óå ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ ðáñåß÷å ï </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect2info>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï Docsnap</title>
<indexterm><primary>Updating and Upgrading</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>Docsnap</primary>
<see>Updating and Upgrading</see>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï <application>Docsnap</application> åßíáé Ýíá áðïèåôÞñéï
(repository) &man.rsync.1; ãéá ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôçò åãêáôåóôçìÝíçò
ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ &os; ìÝóù åíüò ó÷åôéêÜ åýêïëïõ êáé ãñÞãïñïõ
ôñüðïõ. ¸íáò
<quote>åîõðçñåôçôÞò <application>Docsnap</application></quote>
áíáêôÜ ôïí åíçìåñùìÝíï ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò êáé ôïí
ìåôáãëùôôßæåé óå ìïñöÞ HTML êÜèå ìéá þñá. Äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï <filename role="package">textproc/docproj</filename>
ìå ôï <application>Docsnap</application>, êáèþò óáò ðáñÝ÷åé
Ýôïéìåò äéïñèþóåéò ãéá ôçí Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíç ôåêìçñßùóç.</para>
<para>Ç ìüíç áðáßôçóç ãéá ôçí ðáñáðÜíù ôå÷íéêÞ, åßíáé íá Ý÷åôå
åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôï ðáêÝôï Þ port <filename
role="package">net/rsync</filename>. Ãéá íá ôï ðñïóèÝóåôå,
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_add -r rsync</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>Ôï <application>Docsnap</application> áíáðôý÷èçêå áñ÷éêÜ ãéá
ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ðïõ Ý÷åé åãêáôáóôáèåß óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/doc</filename>, áëëÜ ôá
ðáñáêÜôù ðáñáäåßãìáôá ìðïñïýí íá ðñïóáñìïóôïýí êáé ãéá Üëëïõò
êáôáëüãïõò. Ãéá êáôáëüãïõò ÷ñçóôþí, ïé åíôïëÝò äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
åêôåëåóôïýí ìå ðñïíüìéá <username>root</username>.</para>
</note>
<para>Ãéá ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù
åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rsync -rltvz <replaceable>docsnap.sk.FreeBSD.org</replaceable>::docsnap <replaceable>/usr/share/doc</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷åé ìüíï Ýíáò åîõðçñåôçôÞò
<application>Docsnap</application> ôç äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ:
ï åîõðçñåôçôÞò <hostid>docsnap.sk.FreeBSD.org</hostid> ðïõ öáßíåôáé
ðáñáðÜíù.</para>
</note>
<para>Ìçí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>--delete</option>, êáèþò
ç <command>make installworld</command> åãêáèéóôÜ êÜðïéá ðñÜãìáôá óôïí
êáôÜëïãï <filename class="directory">/usr/share/doc</filename> ôá
ïðïßá èá óâçóôïýí. Ãéá íá êáèáñßóåôå ôá ðáëéÜ áñ÷åßá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå
ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rsync -rltvz --delete <replaceable>docsnap.sk.FreeBSD.org</replaceable>::docsnap/??_??\.\* <replaceable>/usr/share/doc</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Áí åðéèõìåßôå íá åíçìåñþóåôå Ýíá õðïóýíïëï ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò, ãéá
ðáñÜäåéãìá ìüíï ôçí ÁããëéêÞ ôåêìçñßùóç, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rsync -rltvz <replaceable>docsnap.sk.FreeBSD.org</replaceable>::docsnap/en_US.ISO8859-1 <replaceable>/usr/share/doc</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</sect2>
]]>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="current-stable">
<title>Ðáñáêïëïýèçóç Åíüò ÊëÜäïõ ÁíÜðôõîçò</title>
<indexterm><primary>-CURRENT</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>-STABLE</primary></indexterm>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï êëÜäïé áíÜðôõîçò óôï &os;, ôï &os.current; êáé ôï
&os.stable;. Óôçí åíüôçôá áõôÞ, èá åîçãÞóïõìå êÜðïéá ðñÜãìáôá ó÷åôéêÜ
ìå áõôïýò ôïõò êëÜäïõò, êáé èá ðåñéãñÜøïõìå ðùò ìðïñåßôå íá äéáôçñÞóåôå
ôï óýóôçìá óáò åíçìåñùìÝíï óå êÜðïéïí áðü áõôïýò. Èá ìéëÞóïõìå áñ÷éêÜ
ãéá ôï &os.current; êáé Ýðåéôá ãéá ôï &os.stable;.</para>
<sect2 id="current">
<title>Ðáñáêïëïõèþíôáò ôï &os.current;</title>
<para>Êáèþò äéáâÜæåôå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï, íá Ý÷åôå õðüøéí óáò üôé ôï
&os.current; åßíáé ðñÜãìáôé ç <quote>êüøç ôïõ îõñáöéïý</quote> óôçí
áíÜðôõîç ôïõ &os;. Ïé ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ &os.current; áíáìÝíåôáé íá Ý÷ïõí
áõîçìÝíåò ôå÷íéêÝò ãíþóåéò, êáé íá åßíáé éêáíïß íá åðéëýïõí äýóêïëá
ðñïâëÞìáôá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõò, ÷ùñßò âïÞèåéá. Áí åßóôå êáéíïýñéïò
óôï &os;, ìÜëëïí èá ðñÝðåé íá ôï îáíáóêåöôåßôå ðñéí ôï
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå.</para>
<sect3>
<title>Ôé Åßíáé ôï &os.current;;</title>
<indexterm><primary>snapshot</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ôï &os.current; áðïôåëåßôáé áðü ôïí ðëÝïí ðñüóöáôï ëåéôïõñãéêü
ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõ &os;. ÐåñéëáìâÜíåé áëëáãÝò ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé óå
åîÝëéîç, ðåéñáìáôéêÝò áëëáãÝò, êáé ìç÷áíéóìïýò ìåôÜâáóçò ïé ïðïßïé
äåí åßíáé óßãïõñï üôé èá ðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáé óôçí åðüìåíç åðßóçìç
Ýêäïóç ôïõ ëïãéóìéêïý. Áí êáé ðïëëÜ ìÝëç ôçò ïìÜäáò áíÜðôõîçò ôïõ
&os; ìåôáãëùôôßæïõí êáèçìåñéíÜ ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõ &os.current;,
õðÜñ÷ïõí ÷ñïíéêÝò ðåñßïäïé ðïõ ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ åßíáé áäýíáôç.
Ôá ðñïâëÞìáôá áõôÜ ãåíéêÜ åðéëýïíôáé üóï ðéï ãñÞãïñá ãßíåôáé, áëëÜ
ôï áí ôï &os.current; èá óáò öÝñåé ôçí êáôáóôñïöÞ Þ êÜðïéï
ðïëõðüèçôï ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü, åßíáé ðåñéóóüôåñï èÝìá ôçò ÷ñïíéêÞò
óôéãìÞò ðïõ èá åðéëÝîåôå íá áíáêôÞóåôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá!</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ðïéïò ×ñåéÜæåôáé ôï &os.current;;</title>
<para>Ôï &os.current; äéáôßèåôáé êáé åíäéáöÝñåé êõñßùò ôéò ðáñáêÜôù
ôñåéò ïìÜäåò:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ÌÝëç ôçò êïéíüôçôáò ôïõ &os; ðïõ äïõëåýïõí åíåñãÜ óå êÜðïéï
ôìÞìá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, êáé ãéá ôïõò ïðïßïõò ç ðáñáêïëïýèçóç
ôïõ &os.current; åßíáé áðüëõôá áðáñáßôçôç.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÌÝëç ôçò êïéíüôçôáò ôïõ &os; ðïõ åßíáé åíåñãïß testers
êáé åßíáé ðñüèõìïé íá áíáëþóïõí ôï ÷ñüíï ôïõò ãéá íá ëýóïõí
ðñïâëÞìáôá, þóôå íá åîáóöáëßóïõí üôé ôï &os.current;
èá ðáñáìåßíåé üóï ôï äõíáôüí ðéï óùóôü. ÓõíÞèùò, ôá ìÝëç áõôÜ
êÜíïõí ðñïôÜóåéò ãéá ôïðéêÝò áëëáãÝò êáé ãéá ôçí ãåíéêÞ
êáôåýèõíóç ôïõ &os;, êáé óôÝëíïõí patches ãéá ôçí
ðñáãìáôïðïßçóç ôïõò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Áõôïß ðïõ áðëþò èÝëïõí íá âëÝðïõí ôéò ôåëåõôáßåò
åíçìåñþóåéò, Þ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôïí ôåëåõôáßï ðçãáßï êþäéêá ùò
áíáöïñÜ (ð.÷. ãéá <emphasis>ìåëÝôç</emphasis> êáé ü÷é ãéá
åêôÝëåóç). ÌÝëç áõôÞò ôçò ïìÜäáò ìðïñåß åðßóçò ðåñéóôáóéáêÜ íá
óõíåéóöÝñïõí ó÷üëéá Þ êþäéêá.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ôé <emphasis>Äåí</emphasis> Åßíáé ôï &os.current;;</title>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Äåí åßíáé Ýíáò ãñÞãïñïò ôñüðïò íá ðÜñåôå êþäéêá ï
ïðïßïò äåí Ý÷åé êõêëïöïñÞóåé áêüìá óå êÜðïéá Ýêäïóç, ìå ôçí
åëðßäá üôé ðåñéÝ÷åé êÜðïéá íÝá åêðëçêôéêÞ äõíáôüôçôá êáé
èÝëåôå íá åßóôå ï ðñþôïò ðïõ ôç ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß. Áí åßóôå
ðñÜãìáôé ï ðñþôïò ðïõ ôçí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß, èá åßóôå åðßóçò êáé ï
ðñþôïò ðïõ èá óõíáíôÞóåôå ôá íÝá ðñïâëÞìáôá êáé bugs.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Äåí åßíáé Ýíáò ãñÞãïñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá áíáêôÞóåôå
äéïñèþóåéò ðñïâëçìÜôùí. ÊÜèå íÝá Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os.current;
ìðïñåß íá åéóÜãåé ôüóá íÝá bugs üóá êáé áõôÜ ðïõ
äéïñèþíåé.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ôï &os.current; äåí áðïôåëåß
<quote>åðßóçìá õðïóôçñéæüìåíï</quote> êþäéêá. Áí êáé
êáôáâÜëëïõìå êÜèå äõíáôÞ ðñïóðÜèåéá íá âïçèÞóïõìå üóïõò
áíÞêïõí <quote>ðñáãìáôéêÜ</quote> óå êÜðïéá áðü ôéò ôñåéò
ïìÜäåò ðïõ áíáöÝñáìå, ùóôüóï <emphasis>äåí Ý÷ïõìå ôï
÷ñüíï</emphasis> íá ðáñÝ÷ïõìå ôå÷íéêÞ õðïóôÞñéîç. Áõôü äåí
óõìâáßíåé åðåéäÞ åßìáóôå êáêïÞèåéò êáé äýóêïëïé êáé äåí èÝëïõìå
íá âïçèÜìå ôïõò áíèñþðïõò (äåí èá åß÷áìå êáí äçìéïõñãÞóåé ôï
&os; áí óêåöôüìáóôáí Ýôóé). Ðïëý áðëÜ, äåí ìðïñïýìå íá
áðáíôÜìå åêáôïíôÜäåò ìçíýìáôá ôçí çìÝñá êáé
<emphasis>ôáõôü÷ñïíá</emphasis> íá äïõëåýïõìå óôï &os;! Áí
äþóåôå óå ïðïéïäÞðïôå ìÝëïò ôçò ïìÜäáò áíÜðôõîçò ôçí åðéëïãÞ
íá áðáíôÜåé óå ðïëëÝò åñùôÞóåéò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ðåéñáìáôéêü êþäéêá
Þ íá äïõëåýåé ãéá ôç âåëôßùóç ôïõ &os;, èá åðéëÝîåé óßãïõñá ôï
äåýôåñï.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï &os.current;</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>-CURRENT</primary>
<secondary>using</secondary>
</indexterm>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ãñáöôåßôå óôéò ëßóôåò &a.current.name; êáé
&a.svn-src-head.name;. Äåí åßíáé áðëþò êáëÞ éäÝá, åßíáé
<emphasis>âáóéêü</emphasis> íá ôï êÜíåôå. Áí äåí åßóôå
ãñáììÝíïò óôç ëßóôá <emphasis>&a.current.name;</emphasis>, äåí
èá âëÝðåôå ôá ó÷üëéá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí ôñÝ÷ïõóá êáôÜóôáóç ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò áðü üóïõò ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí, êáé Ýôóé ðéèáíþò èá
êáôáëÞîåôå íá áíôéìåôùðßæåôå ðïëëÜ ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ Üëëïé Ý÷ïõí
Þäç áíáêáëýøåé êáé ëýóåé. Áêüìá ðéï óçìáíôéêü åßíáé üôé èá
÷Üíåôå óçìáíôéêÝò áíáêïéíþóåéò, ïé ïðïßåò ìðïñåß íá åßíáé
êñßóéìåò ãéá ôçí äéáôÞñçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò óå õãéÞ
êáôÜóôáóç.</para>
<para>Ç ëßóôá &a.svn-src-head.name; èá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá âëÝðåôå
ôéò êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò óôï commit log ãéá êÜèå áëëáãÞ ðïõ ãßíåôáé,
êáèþò êáé ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ðéèáíÝò ðáñåíÝñãåéåò ðïõ ìðïñåß íá
Ý÷åé.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá ãñáöôåßôå óå áõôÝò, Þ óå ïðïéåóäÞðïôå áðü ôéò
õðÜñ÷ïõóåò ëßóôåò, åðéóêåöèåßôå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá
&a.mailman.lists.link; êáé åðéëÝîôå ôç ëßóôá óôçí ïðïßá èÝëåôå
íá ãßíåôå óõíäñïìçôÞò. Ïäçãßåò ãéá ôçí õðüëïéðç äéáäéêáóßá
èá âñåßôå åðéôüðïõ. Áí óáò åíäéáöÝñåé íá ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôéò
áëëáãÝò óå üëï ôï äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, óáò óõíéóôïýìå íá
åããñáöåßôå óôç ëßóôá &a.svn-src-all.name;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÁíáêôÞóôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá áðü Ýíá
<link linkend="mirrors">mirror site</link> ôïõ &os;. Áõôü
ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé ìå äýï ôñüðïõò:</para>
<orderedlist>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>cvsup</command></primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>cron</command></primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>-CURRENT</primary>
<secondary>Syncing with <application>CVSup</application></secondary>
</indexterm>
<listitem>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ðñüãñáììá <link
linkend="cvsup">cvsup</link> óå óõíäõáóìü ìå ôï
<filename>supfile</filename> ìå ôçí ïíïìáóßá
<filename>standard-supfile</filename> ôï ïðïßï èá âñåßôå
óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup</filename>.
ÁõôÞ åßíáé êáé ç ðëÝïí óõíéóôþìåíç ìÝèïäïò, êáèþò óáò
åðéôñÝðåé íá áíáêôÞóåôå üëç ôç óõëëïãÞ ìå ìéá êßíçóç, êáé
óôéò åðüìåíåò áíáíåþóåéò èá ðáßñíåôå ìüíï ôéò áëëáãÝò.
Ðïëëïß ÷ñÞóôåò åêôåëïýí ôï <command>cvsup</command> ìÝóù
ôïõ <command>cron</command> þóôå íá êñáôÜíå ôïí ðçãáßï
êþäéêá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõò ðÜíôá áíáíåùìÝíï áõôüìáôá. Èá
ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñìüóåôå ôï õðüäåéãìá ôïõ
<filename>supfile</filename> ðïõ äßíïõìå ðáñáðÜíù, êáé íá
ñõèìßóåôå ôï <link linkend="cvsup">cvsup</link> ãéá ôï
ðåñéâÜëëïí óáò.</para>
<note>
<para>Ôï õðüäåéãìá ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
<filename>standard-supfile</filename> ðñïïñßæåôáé ãéá
÷ñÞóç ìå êÜðïéï óõãêåêñéìÝíï êëÜäï áóöÜëåéáò (security
branch) ôïõ &os;, êáé ü÷é ìå ôï &os.current;. Èá ðñÝðåé
íá åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï êáé íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ôçí
ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ:</para>
<programlisting>*default release=cvs tag=RELENG_<replaceable>X</replaceable>_<replaceable>Y</replaceable></programlisting>
<para>ìå ôçí áêüëïõèç:</para>
<programlisting>*default release=cvs tag=.</programlisting>
<para>Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá tags ðïõ
ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, ðáñáêáëïýìå äéáâÜóôå óôï
Åã÷åéñßäéï ôçí åíüôçôá <link
linkend="cvs-tags">ÅôéêÝôåò (Tags) ãéá ôï CVS</link>.</para>
</note>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm>
<primary>-CURRENT</primary>
<secondary>Syncing with CTM</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí õðçñåóßá <application><link
linkend="ctm">CTM</link></application>. Áí Ý÷åôå ðïëý êáêÞ
óõíäåóéìüôçôá (õøçëü êüóôïò óýíäåóçò Þ ðñüóâáóç ìüíï ìÝóù
email) ôï <application>CTM</application> áðïôåëåß ãéá óáò
ìéá åíáëëáêôéêÞ ëýóç. Ìðïñåß ùóôüóï íá óáò äçìéïõñãÞóåé
äéÜöïñá ðñïâëÞìáôá êáé íá êáôáëÞîåôå ìå ÷áëáóìÝíá áñ÷åßá.
Ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü, ôï <application>CTM</application>
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óðÜíéá, êÜôé ôï ïðïßï áõîÜíåé áêüìá
ðåñéóóüôåñï ôçí ðéèáíüôçôá íá ìç äïõëåýåé óùóôÜ ãéá ìåãÜëá
÷ñïíéêÜ äéáóôÞìáôá. Óáò óõíéóôïýìå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
<application><link linkend="cvsup">CVSup</link></application>
áí äéáèÝôåôå modem 9600 bps Þ ôá÷ýôåñï.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Áí óêïðåýåôå íá áíáêôÞóåôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ãéá êáíïíéêÞ
÷ñÞóç (åêôÝëåóç) êáé ü÷é áðëþò ãéá íá ôïí äåßôå, ôüôå
áíáêôÞóôå <emphasis>ïëüêëçñï</emphasis> ôï &os.current; êáé ü÷é
êÜðïéá åðéëåãìÝíá ôìÞìáôá. Óå äéáöïñåôéêÞ ðåñßðôùóç, åßíáé
áñêåôÜ ðéèáíü íá óõíáíôÞóåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá, êáèþò ðïëëÜ êïììÜôéá
ôïõ êþäéêá åîáñôþíôáé áðü áíáíåþóåéò óå Üëëá, êáé äåí ìðïñïýí
íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôïýí áõôüíïìá.</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>-CURRENT</primary>
<secondary>compiling</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ðñéí ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï &os.current;, äéáâÜóôå ðñïóåêôéêÜ ôï
<filename>Makefile</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/usr/src</filename>. Èá ðñÝðåé íá <link
linkend="makeworld">ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá êáé üëï ôï
âáóéêü óýóôçìá (world)</link> ôçí ðñþôç öïñÜ, ùò ìÝñïò ôçò
äéáäéêáóßáò áíáâÜèìéóçò. ÄéáâÜæïíôáò ôçí &a.current;
êáé ôï <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> èá åßóôå
åíçìåñùìÝíïé ãéá íÝåò äéáäéêáóßåò üóï áöïñÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç óôï íÝï
óáò óýóôçìá. Ïé äéáäéêáóßåò áõôÝò åßíáé óõ÷íÜ áðáñáßôçôåò üóï
ðëçóéÜæïõìå óå ìéá íÝá åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ãßíåôå åíåñãü ìÝëïò! Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï &os.current;,
èÝëïõìå íá îÝñïõìå ôç ãíþìç óáò ãéá áõôü, åéäéêÜ áí Ý÷åôå
ðñïôÜóåéò ãéá âåëôéþóåéò Þ äéïñèþóåéò ëáèþí. ÐñïôÜóåéò ðïõ
óõíïäåýïíôáé êáé áðü êþäéêá ãßíïíôáé äåêôÝò ìå
åíèïõóéáóìü!</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="stable">
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï &os;-STABLE</title>
<sect3>
<title>Ôé Åßíáé ôï &os.stable;;</title>
<indexterm><primary>-STABLE</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ôï &os.stable; åßíáé Ýíáò êëÜäïò áíÜðôõîçò áðü ôïí ïðïßï
ðñïêýðôïõí ïé <quote>ìåãÜëåò</quote> (major) åêäüóåéò. Ïé áëëáãÝò
åéóÜãïíôáé óå áõôü ôïí êëÜäï ìå äéáöïñåôéêü ñõèìü, êáé ìå ôç ãåíéêÞ
ðáñáäï÷Þ üôé Ý÷ïõí ðñþôá ðåñÜóåé áðü ôï &os.current; ãéá äïêéìÞ.
Ùóôüóï, <emphasis>äåí ðáýåé</emphasis> íá åßíáé Ýíáò êëÜäïò
áíÜðôõîçò, êáé áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé ï êþäéêáò ôïõ &os.stable; ìðïñåß
ìéá äåäïìÝíç ÷ñïíéêÞ óôéãìÞ íá åßíáé áêáôÜëëçëïò ãéá óõãêåêñéìÝíåò
åöáñìïãÝò. Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ìéá áêüìá ãñáììÞ áíÜðôõîçò ãéá ôïõò
ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò, êáé äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôá êáôÜëëçëç ãéá ôïõò
ôåëéêïýò ÷ñÞóôåò.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ðïéïò ×ñåéÜæåôáé ôï &os.stable;;</title>
<para>Áí óáò åíäéáöÝñåé íá ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå Þ íá óõìâÜëëåôå óôçí
áíÜðôõîç ôïõ &os;, êáé åéäéêÜ üóï áöïñÜ ôçí åðüìåíç åðßóçìç
Ýêäïóç ôïõ áðü ôïí ßäéï êëÜäï (point release), åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá íá
ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôï &os.stable;.</para>
<para>Áí êáé åßíáé áëÞèåéá üôé ïé äéïñèþóåéò áóöÜëåéáò ãßíïíôáé êáé
óôïí êëÜäï &os.stable;, ùóôüóï <emphasis>äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé</emphasis>
íá ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôï &os.stable; ìüíï ãéá áõôü ôï ëüãï. ÊÜèå
áíáöïñÜ ðñïâëÞìáôïò áóöÜëåéáò ôïõ &os; åîçãåß ðùò íá äéïñèþóåôå ôï
ðñüâëçìá ãéá êÜèå åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç ç ïðïßá åðçñåÜæåôáé áðü áõôü
<footnote><para>Áõôü âÝâáéá äåí åßíáé áðüëõôá áëçèéíü. Äåí ìðïñïýìå
íá óõíå÷ßóïõìå íá õðïóôçñßæïõìå ôéò ðáëéÝò åêäüóåéò ôïõ &os; ãéá
ðÜíôá, áí êáé ôéò õðïóôçñßæïõìå ãéá ðïëëÜ ÷ñüíéá. Ãéá ðëÞñç
ðåñéãñáöÞ ôçò ôñÝ÷ïõóáò ðïëéôéêÞò üóï áöïñÜ ôçí áóöÜëåéá ôùí
ðáëéþí åêäüóåùí ôïõ &os;, äåßôå <ulink
url="&url.base;/security/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/</ulink>.</para>
</footnote>,
êáé ç ðáñáêïëïýèçóç åíüò êëÜäïõ áíÜðôõîçò ìüíï ãéá ëüãïõò
áóöáëåßáò, ðéèáíüí íá öÝñåé åðßóçò êáé Üëëåò áíåðéèýìçôåò áëëáãÝò
ìáæß ôçò.</para>
<para>Áí êáé êáôáâÜëëïõìå êÜèå äõíáôÞ ðñïóðÜèåéá þóôå íá åîáóöáëßóïõìå
üôé ï êëÜäïò &os.stable; ìðïñåß íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß êáé íá åêôåëåóôåß
óå êÜèå äåäïìÝíç ÷ñïíéêÞ óôéãìÞ, äåí ìðïñïýìå ùóôüóï íá ôï
åããõçèïýìå. Åðéðñüóèåôá, áí êáé ï êþäéêáò áíáðôýóóåôáé óôï
&os.current; ðñéí ðåñÜóåé óôï &os.stable;, ï êüóìïò ðïõ åêôåëåß ôï
&os.stable; åßíáé ðåñéóóüôåñïò, êáé Ýôóé åßíáé áíáðüöåõêôï íá
áíáêáëýðôïíôáé ðéï ðïëëÜ óöÜëìáôá êáé áêñáßåò ðåñéðôþóåéò óôï
&os.stable; ôá ïðïßá äåí Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé åìöáíÞ óôï &os.current;.</para>
<para>Ãéá ôïõò ëüãïõò áõôïýò, <emphasis>äåí</emphasis> óõíéóôïýìå íá
ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôõöëÜ ôï &os.stable;, êáé åéäéêüôåñá åßíáé óçìáíôéêü
íá ìçí áíáâáèìßæåôå óå áõôü åîõðçñåôçôÝò óå ðåñéâÜëëïíôá ðáñáãùãÞò,
÷ùñßò íá Ý÷åôå ðñþôá åëÝãîåé áíáëõôéêÜ ôïí êþäéêá óôï äéêü óáò
ðåñéâÜëëïí áíÜðôõîçò.</para>
<para>Áí äåí äéáèÝôåôå ôïõò ðüñïõò ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü, óáò
óõíéóôïýìå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os;,
êáé íá áíáâáèìßæåóôå áðü ôç ìéá Ýêäïóç óôçí åðüìåíç ìÝóù ôïõ
ìç÷áíéóìïý äõáäéêþí åíçìåñþóåùí.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï &os.stable;</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>-STABLE</primary>
<secondary>using</secondary>
</indexterm>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ãñáöôåßôå óõíäñïìçôÞò óôç ëßóôá &a.stable.name;. Èá åßóôå
Ýôóé åíçìåñùìÝíïé ãéá åîáñôÞóåéò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ðïõ ßóùò
åìöáíéóôïýí óôï &os.stable;, Þ ãéá Üëëá ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ ÷ñÞæïõí
åéäéêÞò ðñïóï÷Þò. Óôç ëßóôá áõôÞ èá âñßóêåôå åðßóçò
áíáêïéíþóåéò áðü ìÝëç ôçò ïìÜäáò áíÜðôõîçò, üôáí ðñüêåéôáé íá
óõìðåñéëçöèåß êÜðïéá áìöéëåãüìåíç áíáíÝùóç Þ äéüñèùóç, äßíïíôáò
Ýôóé óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò ôçí åõêáéñßá íá åêöÝñïõí ãíþìç ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá
ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ èá ðñïêáëÝóåé ç ðñïôåéíüìåíç áëëáãÞ.</para>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá åããñáöåßôå óôçí êáôÜëëçëç ëßóôá
<application>SVN</application> áíÜëïãá ìå ôïí êëÜäï ðïõ
ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôïí êëÜäï
7-STABLE, ç êáôÜëëçëç ëßóôá åßíáé ç &a.svn-src-stable-7.name;.
Áõôü èá óáò åðéôñÝøåé íá âëÝðåôå ôéò
êáôá÷ùñÞóåéò óôï commit log ãéá êÜèå áëëáãÞ ðïõ ãßíåôáé, êáèþò
êáé ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ðéèáíÝò ðáñåíÝñãåéåò ðïõ ìðïñåß íá
Ý÷åé.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá ãñáöôåßôå óå áõôÝò, Þ óå ïðïéåóäÞðïôå áðü ôéò
õðÜñ÷ïõóåò ëßóôåò, åðéóêåöèåßôå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá
&a.mailman.lists.link; êáé åðéëÝîôå ôç ëßóôá óôçí ïðïßá èÝëåôå
íá ãßíåôå óõíäñïìçôÞò. Ïäçãßåò ãéá ôçí õðüëïéðç äéáäéêáóßá
èá âñåßôå åðéôüðïõ. Áí óáò åíäéáöÝñåé íá ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôéò
áëëáãÝò óå üëï ôï äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, óáò óõíéóôïýìå íá
åããñáöåßôå óôç ëßóôá &a.svn-src-all.name;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Áí ðñüêåéôáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá íÝï óýóôçìá ìå óêïðü íá
åêôåëåßôå ôá ìçíéáßá snapshot ôïõ &os.stable;, ðáñáêáëïýìå íá
åëÝãîåôå ôçí ôïðïèåóßá <ulink
url="&url.base;/snapshots/">Snapshots</ulink> ãéá
ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò. ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, åßíáé äõíáôüí íá
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ðéï ðñüóöáôï &os.stable; áðü êÜðïéï
<link linkend="mirrors">mirror site</link> áêïëïõèþíôáò ôéò
ðáñáêÜôù ïäçãßåò þóôå íá áíáâáèìßóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò óôçí ðëÝïí
ðñüóöáôç Ýêäïóç ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ôïõ &os.stable;.</para>
<para>Áí äéáèÝôåôå Þäç êÜðïéá ðñïçãïýìåíç Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os; êáé
åðéèõìåßôå íá áíáâáèìéóôåßôå ìÝóù ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, ìðïñåßôå
åýêïëá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜðïéï <link
linkend="mirrors">mirror site</link> ôïõ &os;. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äýï
ôñüðïé ãéá íá ãßíåé áõôü:</para>
<orderedlist>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>cvsup</command></primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary><command>cron</command></primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>-STABLE</primary>
<secondary>syncing with <application>CVSup</application></secondary>
</indexterm>
<listitem>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ðñüãñáììá <link
linkend="cvsup">cvsup</link> óå óõíäõáóìü ìå ôï
<filename>supfile</filename> ìå ôçí ïíïìáóßá
<filename>stable-supfile</filename> ôï ïðïßï èá âñåßôå
óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/usr/share/examples/cvsup</filename>.
ÁõôÞ åßíáé êáé ç ðëÝïí óõíéóôþìåíç ìÝèïäïò, êáèþò óáò
åðéôñÝðåé íá áíáêôÞóåôå üëç ôç óõëëïãÞ ìå ìéá êßíçóç, êáé
óôéò åðüìåíåò áíáíåþóåéò èá ðáßñíåôå ìüíï ôéò áëëáãÝò.
Ðïëëïß ÷ñÞóôåò åêôåëïýí ôï <command>cvsup</command> ìÝóù
ôïõ <command>cron</command> þóôå íá êñáôÜíå ôïí ðçãáßï
êþäéêá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõò ðÜíôá áíáíåùìÝíï áõôüìáôá. Èá
ðñÝðåé íá ðñïóáñìüóåôå ôï õðüäåéãìá ôïõ
<filename>supfile</filename> ðïõ äßíïõìå ðáñáðÜíù, êáé íá
ñõèìßóåôå ôï <link linkend="cvsup">cvsup</link> ãéá ôï
ðåñéâÜëëïí óáò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm>
<primary>-STABLE</primary>
<secondary>syncing with CTM</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí õðçñåóßá <application><link
linkend="ctm">CTM</link></application>. Áí äåí Ý÷åôå
ãñÞãïñç êáé öôçíÞ óýíäåóç ìå ôï Internet, áõôÞ åßíáé ç
óõíéóôþìåíç ìÝèïäïò.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÏõóéáóôéêÜ, áí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå ãñÞãïñç êáé êáôÜ áðáßôçóç
ðñüóâáóç óôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá, êáé ôï åýñïò æþíçò ôçò óýíäåóçò
äåí áðïôåëåß ðñüâëçìá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï
<command>cvsup</command> Þ ôï <command>ftp</command>.
ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï
<application>CTM</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm>
<primary>-STABLE</primary>
<secondary>compiling</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ðñéí ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï &os.stable;, äéáâÜóôå ðñïóåêôéêÜ ôï
<filename>Makefile</filename> óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/usr/src</filename>. Èá ðñÝðåé íá <link
linkend="makeworld">ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá êáé üëï ôï
âáóéêü óýóôçìá (world)</link> ôçí ðñþôç öïñÜ, ùò ìÝñïò ôçò
äéáäéêáóßáò áíáâÜèìéóçò. ÄéáâÜæïíôáò ôçí &a.stable;
êáé ôï <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> èá åßóôå
åíçìåñùìÝíïé ãéá íÝåò äéáäéêáóßåò üóï áöïñÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç óôï íÝï
óáò óýóôçìá. Ïé äéáäéêáóßåò áõôÝò åßíáé óõ÷íÜ áðáñáßôçôåò üóï
ðëçóéÜæïõìå óå ìéá íÝá åðßóçìç Ýêäïóç.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="synching">
<title>Óõã÷ñïíßæïíôáò ôïí Ðçãáßï óáò Êþäéêá</title>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí äéÜöïñïé ôñüðïé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ìéá óýíäåóç Internet
(Þ email) ãéá íá åíçìåñþíåôå ïðïéïäÞðïôå ôìÞìá ðçãáßïõ
êþäéêá ôïõ &os; Project óáò åíäéáöÝñåé, Þ êáé üëá áí ôï
åðéèõìåßôå. Ïé âáóéêÝò õðçñåóßåò ðïõ ðñïóöÝñïõìå åßíáé ôï
<link linkend="anoncvs">Áíþíõìï CVS</link>, ôï
<link linkend="cvsup">CVSup</link>, êáé ôï <link
linkend="ctm">CTM</link>.</para>
<warning>
<para>Áí êáé åßíáé äõíáôüí íá åíçìåñþóåôå ìüíï êÜðïéá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ
äÝíôñïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, ç ìüíç äéáäéêáóßá åíçìÝñùóçò ðïõ
õðïóôçñßæåôáé áöïñÜ ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ïëüêëçñïõ ôïõ äÝíôñïõ. ÌåôÜ ôçí
åíçìÝñùóç, èá ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå îáíÜ ôüóï ôï userland (äçë. ôá
ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ åêôåëïýíôáé óôçí ðåñéï÷Þ ÷ñÞóôç, üðùò áõôÜ ðïõ
âñßóêïíôáé óôïõò êáôáëüãïõò <filename>/bin</filename> êáé
<filename>/sbin</filename>) üóï êáé ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõ ðõñÞíá.
Áí åíçìåñþóåôå ìüíï Ýíá ôìÞìá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, ìüíï ôïí ðõñÞíá Þ
ìüíï ôï userland, èá áíôéìåôùðßóåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá. Ôá ðñïâëÞìáôá áõôÜ
ìðïñåß íá êõìáßíïíôáé áðü óöÜëìáôá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ìÝ÷ñé kernel panic
êáé êáôáóôñïöÞ äåäïìÝíùí.</para>
</warning>
<indexterm>
<primary>CVS</primary>
<secondary>anonymous</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï <application>Áíþíõìï CVS</application> êáé ôï
<application>CVSup</application> ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôç ìÝèïäï
<emphasis>pull</emphasis> ãéá ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá. Óôçí
ðåñßðôùóç ôïõ <application>CVSup</application>, ï ÷ñÞóôçò (ç êÜðïéï
script ðïõ åêôåëåßôáé ìÝóù <command>cron</command>) åêôåëåß ôï ðñüãñáììá
<command>cvsup</command> ôï ïðïßï áëëçëåðéäñÜ ìå Ýíá áíôßóôïé÷ï
åîõðçñåôçôÞ <command>cvsupd</command> þóôå íá åíçìåñþóåé ôá ó÷åôéêÜ
áñ÷åßá. Ïé åíçìåñþóåéò ðïõ ëáìâÜíåôå åßíáé ðÜíôïôå ïé ôåëåõôáßåò
äéáèÝóéìåò, êáé èá ôéò ëÜâåôå ìüíï üôáí ôéò æçôÞóåôå. Ìðïñåßôå åýêïëá
íá ðåñéïñßóåôå ôéò åíçìåñþóåéò óå óõãêåêñéìÝíá áñ÷åßá Þ êáôáëüãïõò ôá
ïðïßá óáò åíäéáöÝñïõí. Ïé åíçìåñþóåéò äçìéïõñãïýíôáé äõíáìéêÜ áðü ôïí
åîõðçñåôçôÞ, áíÜëïãá ìå ôï ôé Ý÷åôå åãêáôåóôçìÝíï êáé ôé åðéèõìåßôå íá
ëÜâåôå. Ôï <application>Áíþíõìï CVS</application> åßíáé êÜðùò ðéï
áðëïúêü áðü ôï <application>CVSup</application>, äåäïìÝíïõ üôé åßíáé
áðëþò ìéá åðÝêôáóç ôïõ <application>CVS</application> ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé ôçí
áíÜêôçóç áëëáãþí áðåõèåßáò áðü êÜðïéï áðïìáêñõóìÝíï CVS repository. Ôï
<application>CVSup</application> åßíáé áñêåôÜ ðéï áðïôåëåóìáôéêü óå
áõôüí ôï ôïìÝá, áëëÜ ôï <application>Áíþíõìï CVS</application> åßíáé
áðëïýóôåñï óôç ÷ñÞóç.</para>
<indexterm>
<primary><application>CTM</application></primary>
</indexterm>
<para>Áðü ôçí Üëëç ìåñéÜ, ôï <application>CTM</application> äåí óõãêñßíåé
Üìåóá ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ðïõ Ý÷åôå ìå áõôüí ðïõ õðÜñ÷åé óôïí êåíôñéêü
åîõðçñåôçôÞ þóôå íá áíáêôÞóåé ìüíï ôéò áëëáãÝò. Áíôßèåôá, óôï êåíôñéêü
ìç÷Üíçìá CTM, åêôåëåßôáé áñêåôÝò öïñÝò ôçí çìÝñá Ýíá script. Ôï script
áõôü áíáãíùñßæåé ôéò áëëáãÝò óôá áñ÷åßá óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ôçí ðñïçãïýìåíç
åêôÝëåóç ôïõ, êáé Ýðåéôá ðáêåôÜñåé êáé óõìðéÝæåé ôéò áëëáãÝò ìå ôñüðï
êáôÜëëçëï ãéá áðïóôïëÞ ìÝóù email (ìüíï åêôõðþóéìïé ASCII ÷áñáêôÞñåò).
Óå êÜèå ôÝôïéï ðáêÝôï áëëáãþí áíôéóôïé÷ßæåôáé Ýíáò ìïíáäéáßïò áñéèìüò
áêïëïõèßáò (sequence number) ðïõ ôï áíáãíùñßæåé. ÌåôÜ ôç ëÞøç ôïõò,
ìðïñåßôå íá äþóåôå áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá äéáöïñþí ôïõ
<application>CTM</application> (<quote>CTM deltas</quote>) óôï âïçèçôéêü
ðñüãñáììá &man.ctm.rmail.1; ôï ïðïßï áõôüìáôá èá ôá áðïêùäéêïðïéÞóåé,
èá ôá åðáëçèåýóåé, êáé èá åöáñìüóåé ôéò áëëáãÝò óôï áíôßãñáöï ðçãáßïõ
êþäéêá ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç. Ç äéáäéêáóßá áõôÞ åßíáé ðïëý ðéï áðïäïôéêÞ áðü ôï
<application>CVSup</application>, êáé åðéâáñýíåé ëéãüôåñï ôïõò
åîõðçñåôçôÝò ìáò, êáèþò åßíáé ìéá äéáäéêáóßá ôýðïõ
<emphasis>push</emphasis> áíôß ãéá <emphasis>pull</emphasis>.</para>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí öõóéêÜ êÜðïéá óçìåßá ðïõ õóôåñåß. Áí áðü ëÜèïò äéáãñÜøåôå
êÜðïéá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ óáò êþäéêá, ôï
<application>CVSup</application> èá áíé÷íåýóåé êáé èá äéïñèþóåé áõôüìáôá
ôç âëÜâç ãéá óáò. Ôï <application>CTM</application> äåí èá ôï êÜíåé
áõôü, êáé áí óâÞóåôå êÜðïéï ôìÞìá ôïõ äÝíôñïõ óáò (êáé äåí Ý÷åôå
áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò) èá ðñÝðåé íá îåêéíÞóåôå áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ (áðü ôï ðéï
ðñüóöáôï CVS <quote>base delta</quote>) êáé íá ôï îáíáêôßóåôå áðü ôçí
áñ÷Þ ìå ôï <application>CTM</application>. Ìå ôï
<application>Áíþíõìï CVS</application>, ìðïñåßôå áðëþò íá äéáãñÜøåôå
ôá ðñïâëçìáôéêÜ áñ÷åßá êáé íá óõã÷ñïíßóåôå îáíÜ ôïí ðçãáßï óáò
êþäéêá.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="makeworld">
<title>Ìåôáãëùôôßæïíôáò ôï Âáóéêü Óýóôçìá (<quote>world</quote>)</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>Rebuilding <quote>world</quote></primary>
</indexterm>
<para>¸÷ïíôáò óõã÷ñïíßóåé ôï ôïðéêü óáò äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá óå êÜðïéá
óõãêåêñéìÝíç Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os; (&os.stable;, &os.current;, ê.ï.ê.),
ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ãéá íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï
óýóôçìá óáò áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ.</para>
<warning>
<title>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ¸íá Áíôßãñáöï Áóöáëåßáò</title>
<para>Äåí ìðïñïýìå ðáñÜ íá ôïíßóïõìå ðüóï óçìáíôéêü åßíáé íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíá áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò
<emphasis>ðñéí</emphasis> îåêéíÞóåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá. Áí êáé ç
ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò åßíáé (üóï ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí áêïëïõèåßôå
áõôÝò ôéò ïäçãßåò) ìéá ó÷åôéêÜ áðëÞ äéáäéêáóßá, áíáìößâïëá èá õðÜñîïõí
êáé ðåñéðôþóåéò ðïõ ëÜèç äéêÜ óáò, Þ Üëëùí (óôï äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ
êþäéêá), èá óáò ïäçãÞóïõí óå Ýíá óýóôçìá ðïõ äåí èá ìðïñåß íá
åêêéíÞóåé.</para>
<para>Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå åíçìåñùìÝíï áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò. Êáëü èá
åßíáé íá Ý÷åôå åðßóçò ðñü÷åéñç ìéá äéóêÝôá fixit Þ Ýíá CD åêêßíçóçò.
ºóùò íá ìçí ÷ñåéáóôåß ðïôÝ íá ôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, áëëÜ êáëýôåñá íá
åßóôå áóöáëÞò ðáñÜ íá ôï ìåôáíïéþíåôå áñãüôåñá!</para>
</warning>
<warning>
<title>Ãßíåôå ÓõíäñïìçôÞò óôç ÓùóôÞ Ëßóôá Çë. Ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ</title>
<indexterm><primary>mailing list</primary></indexterm>
<para>Áðü ôç öýóç ôïõò, ïé êëÜäïé &os.stable; êáé &os.current;
âñßóêïíôáé óå óõíå÷Þ <emphasis>áíÜðôõîç</emphasis>. ¼óïé óõíåéóöÝñïõí
óôï &os; åßíáé áðëþò Üíèñùðïé, êáé ðåñéóôáóéáêÜ ëÜèç áðëþò
óõìâáßíïõí.</para>
<para>ÏñéóìÝíåò öïñÝò ôá ëÜèç áõôÜ åßíáé ìÜëëïí áêßíäõíá, êáé ôï ìüíï
ðïõ êÜíïõí åßíáé íá åìöáíßæïõí ìåñéêÝò äéáãíùóôéêÝò ðñïåéäïðïéÞóåéò
óôï óýóôçìá óáò. ¹ ìðïñåß ç áëëáãÞ íá åßíáé êáôáóôñïöéêÞ, êáé íá
ïäçãÞóåé ôï óýóôçìá óáò óå áäõíáìßá åêêßíçóçò Þ áêüìá êáé íá
êáôáóôñÝøåé ôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí óáò (Þ êáé áêüìá ÷åéñüôåñåò
óõíÝðåéåò).</para>
<para>Áí óõìâïýí ôÝôïéá ðñïâëÞìáôá, óýíôïìá èá åìöáíéóôåß Ýíá ìÞíõìá
ôýðïõ <quote>heads up</quote> óôéò ó÷åôéêÝò ëßóôåò ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ, ôï
ïðïßï èá åîçãåß ôï ðñüâëçìá êáé ðïéá óõóôÞìáôá åðçñåÜæåé. ¼ôáí ôï
ðñüâëçìá ëõèåß, èá ãßíåé ìéá áíôßóôïé÷ç <quote>all clear</quote>
áíáêïßíùóç.</para>
<para>Áí ðñïóðáèåßôå íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå ôï &os.stable; Þ ôï &os.current;,
êáé äåí äéáâÜæåôå ôéò áíôßóôïé÷åò ëßóôåò &a.stable.name; êáé
&a.current.name;, øÜ÷íåôå ãéá ìðåëÜäåò.</para>
</warning>
<warning>
<title>Ìçí ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
<command>make world</command></title>
<para>ÌåãÜëï ìÝñïò ôçò ðáëáéüôåñçò ôåêìçñßùóçò, óõíéóôÜ ôç ÷ñÞóç ôçò
åíôïëÞò <command>make world</command>. Áí ôçí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, èá
ðáñáëåéöèïýí ïñéóìÝíá óçìáíôéêÜ âÞìáôá ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò.
×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôç ìüíï áí åßóôå áðüëõôá óßãïõñïé ãéá áõôü ðïõ êÜíåôå.
Ãéá ôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ç åíôïëÞ
<command>make world</command> åßíáé ëáíèáóìÝíç, êáé áíôß ãéá áõôÞ
èá ðñÝðåé íá áêïëïõèÞóåôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöïõìå
ðáñáêÜôù.</para>
</warning>
<sect2 id="canonical-build">
<title>Ï Êáíïíéêüò Ôñüðïò íá Åíçìåñþóåôå ôï Óýóôçìá óáò</title>
<para>Ðñéí åíçìåñþóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò, èá ðñÝðåé íá åëÝãîåôå ôï
<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> ãéá ôõ÷üí âÞìáôá ðïõ èá ðñÝðåé
íá åêôåëÝóåôå ðñéí ôçí åêêßíçóç ôçò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò. Ôá âÞìáôá áõôÜ
åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôçí Ýêäïóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá ðïõ ðñüêåéôáé íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå. ¸ðåéôá, áêïëïõèÞóôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé
óôéò åðüìåíåò ðáñáãñÜöïõò.</para>
<para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò ç ïðïßá ðåñéãñÜöåôáé åäþ âáóßæåôáé óôçí
õðüèåóç üôé Ý÷åôå Þäç åãêáôáóôÞóåé ìéá ðáëéüôåñç Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os;, ìå
ìéá ðáëéÜ Ýêäïóç ôïõ ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ, Ýíá ðáëéü ðõñÞíá,
ðáëéÜ <quote>åñãáëåßá ÷ñÞóôç</quote> êáé áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí. Åñãáëåßá
÷ñÞóôç èåùñïýíôáé ôá âáóéêÜ åêôåëÝóéìá, ïé âéâëéïèÞêåò êáé ôá áñ÷åßá
ðñïãñáììáôéóìïý. Ï ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞò åßíáé êé áõôüò ìÝñïò ôùí
<quote>åñãáëåßùí ÷ñÞóôç</quote> óôï &os;, áëëÜ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé åéäéêÞ
ìåôá÷åßñéóç êáôÜ ôç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>
<para>ÕðïèÝôïõìå, åðßóçò, üôé Ý÷åôå Þäç êáôåâÜóåé ìéá åíçìåñùìÝíç Ýêäïóç
áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò. Áí ï ðçãáßïò êþäéêáò óôï
óõãêåêñéìÝíï óýóôçìá åßíáé áðü ðáëéüôåñç Ýêäïóç, äåßôå
ôï <xref linkend="synching"/> ãéá ëåðôïìåñåßò ïäçãßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï ðùò
íá óõã÷ñïíßóåôå ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá óå ìéá íåüôåñç Ýêäïóç.</para>
<para>Ç áíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ &os; áðü ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêÜ ôïõ öáßíåôáé íá åßíáé
ðïëý áðëÞ äéáäéêáóßá. Óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá, Ý÷åé êÜðïéåò
éäéáéôåñüôçôåò. Ìå ôá ÷ñüíéá, êáèþò ïé åîáñôÞóåéò ìåôáîý ôùí âçìÜôùí
ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò áíáêáëýðôïíôáé Þ áíáëýïíôáé êáëýôåñá, ïé
ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò ôïõ &os; áëëÜæïõí óéãÜ-óéãÜ áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá. Ïé
ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜãñáöïé ðåñéãñÜöïõí ôç ëïãéêÞ ìå ôçí ïðïßá Ý÷åé ó÷åäéáóèåß
ç ðñïôåéíüìåíç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>
<para>Ìéá åðéôõ÷Þò äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò ðñÝðåé íá êáëýøåé ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí
ôéò äýï ðéï âáóéêÝò éäéáéôåñüôçôåò ìéáò áíáâÜèìéóçò áðü ðçãáßï
êþäéêá:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ï ðáëéüò ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞò óõóôÞìáôïò ìðïñåß íá åßíáé áêáôÜëëçëïò
ãéá ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ íÝïõ ðõñÞíá. (Êáé ïé ìåôáãëùôôéóôÝò Ý÷ïõí
ïñéóìÝíåò öïñÝò ðñïâëÞìáôá, üðùò êÜèå Üëëï ëïãéóìéêü.) Ïðüôå ï
íÝïò ðõñÞíáò ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß ìå ôï íÝï ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ.
Ðéï óõãêåêñéìÝíá, ï íÝïò ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞò ðñÝðåé íá áíáâáèìéóôåß
ðñéí áðü ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá. Áõôü äå óçìáßíåé âÝâáéá üôé áõôüò ï íÝïò
ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞò ðñÝðåé íá <emphasis>åãêáôáóôáèåß</emphasis> ðñéí
ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß ï íÝïò ðõñÞíáò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ôá íÝá åñãáëåßá ÷ñÞóôç áðü ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá ôïõ &os; ìðïñåß
íá åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôïí ôñüðï ëåéôïõñãßáò ôïõ íÝïõ ðõñÞíá. Ïðüôå ï
íÝïò ðõñÞíáò ðñÝðåé íá åãêáôáóôáèåß ðñéí áðü ôï íÝï âáóéêü
óýóôçìá.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>ÁõôÜ ôá äýï óçìåßá åßíáé ïé âáóéêïß ëüãïé ãéá ôïõò ïðïßïõò
ðñïôåßíïíôáé ôá êåíôñéêÜ âÞìáôá ìéáò áíáâÜèìéóçò, ôá
âÞìáôá <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget>,
<maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget>,
<maketarget>installkernel</maketarget>,
êáé <maketarget>installworld</maketarget>. Óôéò åðüìåíåò ðáñáãñÜöïõò
èá ðåñéãñÜøïõìå ðéï áíáëõôéêÜ áõôÜ ôá âÞìáôá. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí êé Üëëïé ëüãïé
üìùò ãéá ôïõò ïðïßïõò ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ðñïóï÷Þ üôáí êÜíåôå ìéá ôÝôïéá
áíáâÜèìéóç. Ìåñéêïß áðü áõôïýò åßíáé ïé åîÞò:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ôá ðáëéÜ åñãáëåßá ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ìðïñåß íá ìçí ôñÝ÷ïõí
óùóôÜ ìå ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá. Ãé áõôü ðñÝðåé íá åãêáôáóôáèåß ôï
åíçìåñùìÝíï âáóéêü óýóôçìá áìÝóùò ìåôÜ ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ íÝïõ
ðõñÞíá.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÌåñéêÝò öïñÝò ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé áëëáãÝò óôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ðñéí
åãêáôáóôáèåß ôï íÝï âáóéêü óýóôçìá. ¶ëëåò öïñÝò ç åãêáôÜóôáóç
üëùí ôùí áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí ìðïñåß íá äçìéïõñãÞóåé ðñïâëÞìáôá óôçí
åãêáôÜóôáóç. Ãé áõôü Ý÷ïõìå ÷ùñßóåé ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ôùí áñ÷åßùí
ñõèìßóåùí óå äýï îå÷ùñéóôÜ âÞìáôá.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Óôçí ðëåéïøçößá ôùí ðåñéðôþóåùí ç äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò
áíôéêáèéóôÜ Þ ðñïóèÝôåé áñ÷åßá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò· äå óâÞíåé êáíÝíá
õðÜñ÷ïí áñ÷åßï. Óå ìåñéêÝò ðåñéðôþóåéò áõôü ìðïñåß íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåé ðñïâëÞìáôá. ¼ôáí õðÜñ÷åé ôÝôïéá ðåñßðôùóç, ç
äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôõðþíåé åíçìåñùôéêÜ ìçíýìáôá ãéá ôá áñ÷åßá
ôá ïðïßá ðñÝðåé íá óâçóôïýí ÷åéñïêßíçôá. Áõôü ôï âÞìá ìðïñåß íá
áõôïìáôïðïéçèåß óôï ìÝëëïí.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>¸÷ïíôáò üëåò áõôÝò ôéò éäéáéôåñüôçôåò ìéáò áíáâÜèìéóçò áðü ðçãáßï
êþäéêá, êáôáëÞîáìå óôçí ðáñáêÜôù äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò. ÏñéóìÝíåò
öïñÝò ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ðñïóèÝóåôå êÜðïéá âÞìáôá óå áõôÞ ôç
äéáäéêáóßá. Ôá âáóéêÜ âÞìáôá üìùò ðáñáìÝíïõí ôá ßäéá, êé åßíáé ôá
åîÞò:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para><command>make <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget></command></para>
<para>Áõôü ôï âÞìá ìåôáãëùôôßæåé ðñþôá ìéá åíçìåñùìÝíç Ýêäïóç ôïõ
ßäéïõ ôïõ ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ óõóôÞìáôïò êáé ìåñéêþí áðáñáßôçôùí
åñãáëåßùí. ¾óôåñá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï íÝï ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ,
ðñïåôïéìÜæåé ìéá íÝá Ýêäïóç üëïõ ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõ &os;.
Ôá åíçìåñùìÝíá åêôåëÝóéìá, âéâëéïèÞêåò êáé áñ÷åßá ðñïãñáììáôéóìïý
êáôáëÞãïõí óôïí
êáôÜëïãï <filename class="directory">/usr/obj</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><command>make <maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget></command></para>
<para>Óå áíôßèåóç ìå ðáëéüôåñåò äéáäéêáóßåò áíáâÜèìéóçò (ïé ïðïßåò
êáëïýóáí ÷åéñïêßíçôá ôï &man.config.8; êáé ôï &man.make.1;) áõôü
ôï âÞìá ìåôáãëùôôßæåé ôïí ðõñÞíá ôïõ &os; ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôïí
åíçìåñùìÝíï ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ óõóôÞìáôïò áðü ôïí
êáôÜëïãï <filename class="directory">/usr/obj</filename>. Áõôü
óáò ðñïóôáôåýåé áðü ðñïâëÞìáôá áóõìâáôüôçôáò ìåôáîý ôïõ
ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ êáé ôïõ ðõñÞíá.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><command>make <maketarget>installkernel</maketarget></command></para>
<para>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ íÝïõ ðõñÞíá êáé ôùí áñèñùìÜôùí ôïõ óôï äßóêï
ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò. ¸ôóé ìðïñåß ðëÝïí ôï óýóôçìá íá îåêéíÞóåé ìå ôï
íÝï, åíçìåñùìÝíï ðõñÞíá.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Åêêßíçóç óå ëåéôïõñãßá single user.</para>
<para>Ç ëåéôïõñãßá single user åëá÷éóôïðïéåß ôçí ðéèáíüôçôá íá Ý÷åôå
ðñïâëÞìáôá åðåéäÞ áíáâáèìßóáôå êÜðïéï ðñüãñáììá ðïõ ôñÝ÷åé Þäç.
Åßíáé åðßóçò ðéï áóöáëÞò, áöïý äå ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ôñÝîåôå ôéò
åöáñìïãÝò ôïõ ðáëéïý âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ìå ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><command>mergemaster <option>-p</option></command></para>
<para>Áõôü ôï âÞìá åíçìåñþíåé ôá áðïëýôùò âáóéêÜ áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí
ôïõ &os;, ãéá íá ìðïñÝóåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå óùóôÜ ôï íÝï âáóéêü
óýóôçìá. Åíçìåñþíåé, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ôç âÜóç ÷ñçóôþí êáé ïìÜäùí
÷ñçóôþí ôïõ &os;. ÊÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ ðñïóôßèåôáé Ýíáò íÝïò ÷ñÞóôçò
óõóôÞìáôïò Þ ìéá íÝá ïìÜäá ÷ñçóôþí, ôï
âÞìá <maketarget>installworld</maketarget> ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò èåùñåß
üôé Ý÷åôå Þäç ñõèìßóåé ôïõò íÝïõò ÷ñÞóôåò Þ ôéò íÝåò ïìÜäåò. Áõôü
áêñéâþò êÜíåé óå áõôü ôï óçìåßï ôï åñãáëåßï
&man.mergemaster.8;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><command>make <maketarget>installworld</maketarget></command></para>
<para>Ôï åðüìåíï âÞìá åßíáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï åíçìåñùìÝíï âáóéêü
óýóôçìá áðü ôïí
êáôÜëïãï <filename class="directory">/usr/obj</filename>. ÌåôÜ
áðü áõôü Ý÷åôå ðëÝïí Ýíá íÝï ðõñÞíá êáé Ýíá åíçìåñùìÝíï âáóéêü
óýóôçìá, ôï ïðïßï ôáéñéÜæåé ìå ôïí íÝï ðõñÞíá.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><command>mergemaster</command></para>
<para>¸íá áðü ôá ôåëåõôáßá âÞìáôá åßíáé ç áíáâÜèìéóç ôùí áñ÷åßùí
ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò. Ôï åñãáëåßï &man.mergemaster.8; ìðïñåß
íá óáò âïçèÞóåé óå áõôü ôï âÞìá, áöïý åíçìåñþíåé ôá áñ÷åßá
ñõèìßóåùí êñáôþíôáò êáé ïðïéåóäÞðïôå ôïðéêÝò áëëáãÝò Ý÷åôå êÜíåé
óôï óýóôçìÜ óáò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá.</para>
<para>Ìéá ôåëåõôáßá åðáíåêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò åîáóöáëßæåé üôé
ôï óýóôçìá îåêéíÜåé ìå ôï íÝï ðõñÞíá, ôï åíçìåñùìÝíï âáóéêü
óýóôçìá êáé ôá êáéíïýñéá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>Áí ç áíáâÜèìéóç ðïõ êÜíåôå åßíáé áðü ìéá Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os; óå ìéá
ðéï êáéíïýñéá Ýêäïóç ôïõ ßäéïõ êëÜäïõ áíÜðôõîçò, ð.÷. áðü 7.0 óå 7.1,
ôüôå ìåñéêÜ áðü ôá âÞìáôá áõôÞ ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò ìðïñåß íá ìç
÷ñåéÜæïíôáé áöïý åßíáé ëéãüôåñï ðéèáíü íá óõíáíôÞóåôå áóõìâáôüôçôåò
ìåôáîý ôïõ ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ óõóôÞìáôïò, ôïõ ðõñÞíá, ôïõ âáóéêïý
óõóôÞìáôïò êáé ôùí áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí. Ç áíáâÜèìéóç óå ôÝôïéåò
ðåñéðôþóåéò, ìåôáîý äýï minor åêäüóåùí ôïõ &os;, ßóùò ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé
êáé ìå ôçí ðáëéüôåñç äéáäéêáóßá:
ôñÝ÷ïíôáò<command>make <maketarget>world</maketarget></command> êáé
ýóôåñá ìåôáãëùôôßæïíôáò êáé óôÞíïíôáò Ýíá íÝï ðõñÞíá.</para>
<para>¼ôáí üìùò áíáâáèìßóåôå ôï &os; ìåôáîý major åêäüóåùí, êáëýôåñá íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöïõìå åäþ. Áëëéþò ìðïñåß íá
áíôéìåôùðßóåôå ðñïâëÞìáôá åßôå êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò Þ áöïý
Ý÷åé ðëÝïí ïëïêëçñùèåß.</para>
<para>ÊÜðïéåò áðü ôéò áíáâáèìßóåéò (ð.÷. áðü ìéá Ýêäïóç
4.<replaceable>X</replaceable> óå 5.0) ìðïñåß íá áðáéôïýí ìåñéêÜ
÷åéñïêßíçôá âÞìáôá (üðùò ôï íá ìåôáêéíÞóåôå Þ íá óâÞóåôå óõãêåêñéìÝíá
áñ÷åßá ðñéí ôï âÞìá <maketarget>installworld</maketarget>). Ðñéí áðü
êÜèå áíáâÜèìéóç äéáâÜóôå ðñïóåêôéêÜ ôéò ïäçãßåò óôï
áñ÷åßï <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>· åéäéêÜ ôéò ïäçãßåò óôï
ôÝëïò ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ, ïé ïðïßåò ðåñéãñÜöïõí áíáëõôéêÜ ôçí ðñïôåéíüìåíç
äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò.</para>
<para>ÁõôÞ ç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò åîåëßóóåôáé êáé äéïñèþíåôáé êáèþò ïé
ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò ôïõ &os; áíáêáëýðôïõí êáéíïýñéåò åîáñôÞóåéò ìåôáîý ôùí
óõóôáôéêþí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò Þ êÜíïõí äéïñèþóåéò ãéá íá áðïöýãïõí
áóõìâáôüôçôåò ìåôáîý ôùí äéáöïñåôéêþí õðïóõóôçìÜôùí. Åëðßæïõìå üôé ôá
êåíôñéêÜ âÞìáôá ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåôáé åäþ äå èá áëëÜîïõí
ðïëý ãéá áñêåôü êáéñü ðëÝïí.</para>
<para>Áíáêåöáëáéþíïíôáò üëá ôá âÞìáôá ôá ïðïßá ðåñéãñÜøáìå
ðáñáðÜíù, ç ðñïôåéíüìåíç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò ôïõ &os; áðü ôïí
ðçãáßï êþäéêá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò åßíáé:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildworld</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildkernel</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make installkernel</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí êÜðïéåò ìÜëëïí óðÜíéåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé
ìéá åðéðëÝïí åêôÝëåóç ôïõ <command>mergemaster -p</command> ðñéí
ôï âÞìá <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget>. Ïé ðåñéðôþóåéò áõôÝò
ðåñéãñÜöïíôáé óôï <filename>UPDATING</filename>. Óå ãåíéêÝò
ãñáììÝò ðÜíôùò, ìðïñåßôå ìå áóöÜëåéá íá ðáñáëåßøåôå áõôü ôï âÞìá,
áí äåí áíáâáèìßæåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò ìåôáîý ðïëëáðëþí åêäüóåùí ôïõ
&os;.</para>
</note>
<para>ÌåôÜ ôçí åðéôõ÷Þ ïëïêëÞñùóç ôïõ
<maketarget>installkernel</maketarget>, èá ðñÝðåé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå
óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç (ð.÷. ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ
<command>boot -s</command> óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ôïõ öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò).
¸ðåéôá åêôåëÝóôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -u /</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -a -t ufs</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>adjkerntz -i</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mergemaster -p</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make installworld</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mergemaster</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>reboot</userinput></screen>
<warning>
<title>ÄéáâÜóôå ôéò ÅðéðëÝïí ÅîçãÞóåéò</title>
<para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜøáìå ðáñáðÜíù åßíáé ìéá áðëÞ ðåñßëçøç
ãéá íá óáò âïçèÞóåé íá îåêéíÞóåôå. Èá ðñÝðåé ùóôüóï íá äéáâÜóåôå
ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíüôçôåò ãéá íá êáôáíïÞóåôå ðëÞñùò êÜèå âÞìá, åéäéêÜ
áí èÝëåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå äéêü óáò ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá.</para>
</warning>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="src-updating">
<title>ÄéáâÜóôå ôï <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename></title>
<para>Ðñéí êÜíåôå ïôéäÞðïôå Üëëï, äéáâÜóôå ôï
<filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> (Þ ôï áíôßóôïé÷ï áñ÷åßï, áí
Ý÷åôå áðïèçêåýóåé ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá óå Üëëï êáôÜëïãï). Ôï áñ÷åßï
áõôü ðåñéÝ÷åé óçìáíôéêÝò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ ìðïñåß
íá óõíáíôÞóåôå Þ ßóùò íá êáèïñßæåé ôç óåéñÜ ìå ôçí ïðïßá ðñÝðåé íá
åêôåëåóôïýí êÜðïéåò åíôïëÝò. Áí ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>UPDATING</filename> Ýñ÷åôáé óå óýãêñïõóç ìå êÜôé ðïõ
äéáâÜóáôå åäþ, ðñïôåñáéüôçôá Ý÷åé ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>UPDATING</filename>.</para>
<important>
<para>Ç áíÜãíùóç ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ <filename>UPDATING</filename> äåí åßíáé
áðïäåêôü õðïêáôÜóôáôï ôçò óõíäñïìÞò óôç óùóôÞ ëßóôá çëåêôñïíéêïý
ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ, üðùò ðåñéãñÜøáìå ðñïçãïõìÝíùò. Ïé äýï áðáéôÞóåéò
åßíáé óõìðëçñùìáôéêÝò, äåí áëëçëïáíáéñïýíôáé.</para>
</important>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="make-conf">
<title>ÅëÝãîôå ôï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename></title>
<indexterm>
<primary><filename>make.conf</filename></primary>
</indexterm>
<para>ÅîåôÜóôå ôá áñ÷åßá
<filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</filename>
êáé
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>. Ôï ðñþôï ðåñéÝ÷åé êÜðïéåò
ðñïåðéëåãìÝíåò ìåôáâëçôÝò (defines), ïé ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü ôéò ïðïßåò
åßíáé ùò ó÷üëéá. Ãéá íá ôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå üôáí ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå ôï
óýóôçìá óáò, ðñïóèÝóôå ôá óôï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>.
Íá Ý÷åôå õðüøç óáò, ðùò ïôéäÞðïôå ðñïóèÝôåôå óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå åðßóçò êÜèå öïñÜ
ðïõ åêôåëåßôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>make</command>, Ýôóé åßíáé ãåíéêÜ
êáëÞ éäÝá íá âÜëåôå ôéìÝò ðïõ åßíáé ëïãéêÝò ãéá ôï
óýóôçìá óáò.</para>
<para>¸íáò ôõðéêüò ÷ñÞóôçò èá èÝëåé ðéèáíþò íá áíôéãñÜøåé ôéò ãñáììÝò
<makevar>CFLAGS</makevar> êáé
<makevar>NO_PROFILE</makevar> áðü ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</filename>
óôï
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> áöáéñþíôáò ôáõôü÷ñïíá êáé ôï
óýìâïëï ôïõ ó÷ïëßïõ.</para>
<para>ÅîåôÜóôå êáé ôéò Üëëåò ìåôáâëçôÝò (<makevar>COPTFLAGS</makevar>,
<makevar>NOPORTDOCS</makevar> ê.ï.ê.) êáé áðïöáóßóôå áí ó÷åôßæïíôáé
ìå ôï åðéèõìçôü ãéá óáò áðïôÝëåóìá.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="updating-etc">
<title>Åíçìåñþóôå ôá Áñ÷åßá óôï <filename>/etc</filename></title>
<para>Ï êáôÜëïãïò <filename>/etc</filename> ðåñéÝ÷åé ìåãÜëï ìÝñïò ôùí
ðëçñïöïñéþí ñýèìéóçò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò, üðùò åðßóçò êáé scripts ðïõ
åêôåëïýíôáé êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò. ÌåñéêÜ áðü ôá scripts
áõôÜ áëëÜæïõí áðü Ýêäïóç óå Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os;.</para>
<para>ÏñéóìÝíá áðü ôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé åðßóçò êáôÜ ôçí
êáèçìåñéíÞ ÷ñÞóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò. Ôï <filename>/etc/group</filename>
åßíáé Ýíá áðü áõôÜ.</para>
<para>¸÷ïõí õðÜñîåé ðåñéðôþóåéò óôï ðáñåëèüí, üðïõ ôï
<command>make installworld</command> áíÝìåíå áðü ðñéí ôçí ýðáñîç
óõãêåêñéìÝíùí ïíïìÜôùí ÷ñçóôþí (usernames) Þ ïìÜäùí (groups). ÊáôÜ
ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò áíáâÜèìéóçò Þôáí áñêåôÜ ðéèáíü áõôïß ïé ÷ñÞóôåò Þ
ïìÜäåò íá ìçí õðÞñ÷áí. Áõôü äçìéïõñãïýóå ðñïâëÞìáôá óôçí
äéáäéêáóßá. Óå êÜðïéåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ôï
<command>make buildworld</command> èá åëÝãîåé áí õðÜñ÷ïõí áõôïß ïé
÷ñÞóôåò Þ ïìÜäåò.</para>
<para>Ìéá ôÝôïéá ðåñßðôùóç ðáñïõóéÜóôçêå üôáí ðñïóôÝèçêå ï ÷ñÞóôçò
<username>smmsp</username>. Ç äéáäéêáóßá áíáâÜèìéóçò áðïôýã÷áíå óå
ðïëëïýò ÷ñÞóôåò, ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ ôï &man.mtree.8; ðñïóðáèïýóå íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåé ôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/var/spool/clientmqueue</filename>.</para>
<para>Ç ëýóç åßíáé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï &man.mergemaster.8; óå êáôÜóôáóç
ðñï-åãêáôÜóôáóçò, äßíïíôáò ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-p</option>. ÁõôÞ
èá óõãêñßíåé ìüíï ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ åßíáé áðáñáßôçôá ãéá ôçí åðéôõ÷ßá
åêôÝëåóçò ôïõ <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> Þ ôïõ
<maketarget>installworld</maketarget>.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/mergemaster</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>./mergemaster.sh -p</userinput></screen>
<tip>
<para>Áí áéóèÜíåóôå éäéáßôåñá ðáñáíïúêüò, ìðïñåßôå íá åëÝãîåôå ôï
óýóôçìá óáò ãéá íá äåßôå ðïéá áñ÷åßá áíÞêïõí óôçí ïìÜäá ðïõ
ìåôïíïìÜæåôå Þ äéáãñÜöåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>find / -group <replaceable>GID</replaceable> -print</userinput></screen>
<para>Ç ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞ èá óáò äåßîåé üëá ôá áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá áíÞêïõí
óôçí ïìÜäá <replaceable>GID</replaceable> (ìðïñåßôå íá äþóåôå üíïìá
Þ áñéèìçôéêü áíáãíùñéóôéêü ôçò ïìÜäáò).</para>
</tip>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="makeworld-singleuser">
<title>Ìåôáâåßôå óå ÊáôÜóôáóç Åíüò ×ñÞóôç</title>
<indexterm><primary>single-user mode</primary></indexterm>
<para>ºóùò ðñïôéìÜôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò
÷ñÞóôç. Åêôüò áðü ôï ðñïöáíÝò ðëåïíÝêôçìá ôçò åëáöñÜ ìåãáëýôåñçò
ôá÷ýôçôáò, ç åðáíåãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò èá åðçñåÜóåé ðïëëÜ
óçìáíôéêÜ áñ÷åßá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, üëá ôá åêôåëÝóéìá áñ÷åßá ôïõ âáóéêïý
óõóôÞìáôïò, ôéò âéâëéïèÞêåò, ôá áñ÷åßá include ê.á. Áí ôá áëëÜîåôå
áõôÜ óå Ýíá óýóôçìá ðïõ âñßóêåôáé óå êáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá (êáé åéäéêÜ
áí õðÜñ÷ïõí åíåñãïß ÷ñÞóôåò ôçí äåäïìÝíç óôéãìÞ), øÜ÷íåôå ãéá
ìðåëÜäåò.</para>
<indexterm><primary>multi-user mode</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ìéá Üëëç ìÝèïäïò åßíáé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óå êáôÜóôáóç
êáíïíéêÞò ëåéôïõñãßáò, áëëÜ íá ìåôáâåßôå óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç ãéá
ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç. Áí èÝëåôå íá ôï êÜíåôå ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï, áðëþò
ìçí åêôåëÝóåôå ôá áêüëïõèá âÞìáôá ìÝ÷ñé ôï ôÝëïò ôçò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.
Ìðïñåßôå íá áíáâÜëëåôå ôç ìåôÜâáóç óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç ìÝ÷ñé
íá åßóôå Ýôïéìïé ãéá ôï <maketarget>installkernel</maketarget> Þ
<maketarget>installworld</maketarget>.</para>
<para>Ùò õðåñ÷ñÞóôçò ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput></screen>
<para>óå Ýíá óýóôçìá óå êáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá ãéá íá ìåôáâåßôå óå
êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç.</para>
<para>ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, åðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá êáé óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ôïõ
öïñôùôÞ åêêßíçóçò, åðéëÝîôå <quote>single user</quote>. Ôï óýóôçìá
èá îåêéíÞóåé óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç. Óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ôçò ãñáììÞò
åíôïëþí èá ðñÝðåé íá ãñÜøåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fsck -p</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -u /</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -a -t ufs</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>swapon -a</userinput></screen>
<para>Èá ãßíåé Ýëåã÷ïò óôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí, êáé ðñïóÜñôçóç ôïõ
<filename>/</filename> ìå äõíáôüôçôá áíÜãíùóçò/åããñáöÞò. ¸ðåéôá èá
ðñïóáñôçèïýí üëá ôá Üëëá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí UFS ôá ïðïßá áíáöÝñïíôáé
óôï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, êáé èá åíåñãïðïéçèåß ôï
swap.</para>
<note>
<para>Áí ôï CMOS ñïëüé ôïõ õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò åßíáé ñõèìéóìÝíï óå
ôïðéêÞ þñá êáé ü÷é óå GMT (áõôü åßíáé áëÞèåéá áí ç Ýîïäïò ôçò
åíôïëÞò &man.date.1; äåí äåß÷íåé óùóôÞ çìåñïìçíßá êáé þñá), ßóùò
÷ñåéáóôåß íá åêôåëÝóåôå åðßóçò ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adjkerntz -i</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï èá âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ïé ôïðéêÝò óáò ñõèìßóåéò
þñáò Ý÷ïõí ñõèìéóôåß óùóôÜ. ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ, ìðïñåß íá óõíáíôÞóåôå
ðñïâëÞìáôá áñãüôåñá.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="cleaning-usr-obj">
<title>ÄéáãñÜøôå ôï <filename>/usr/obj</filename></title>
<para>Êáèþò ãßíåôáé ç åðáíáìåôáãëþôôéóç, ôìÞìáôá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò
ôïðïèåôïýíôáé áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ óå õðïêáôáëüãïõò ôïõ
<filename>/usr/obj</filename>. Ïé õðïêáôÜëïãïé áõôïß áíôéãñÜöïõí ôç
äïìÞ ðïõ áêïëïõèåßôáé óôï <filename>/usr/src</filename>.</para>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá åðéôá÷ýíåôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôïõ
<command>make buildworld</command> êáé åðßóçò íá ãëõôþóåôå áðü êÜðïéá
ðéèáíÜ ðñïâëÞìáôá, áí äéáãñÜøåôå êáé áõôü ôïí êáôÜëïãï.</para>
<para>ÊÜðïéá áñ÷åßá óå õðïêáôáëüãïõò ôïõ <filename>/usr/obj</filename>
ìðïñåß íá Ý÷ïõí ÷áñáêôçñéóôåß ùò immutable ìÝóù ôïõ áíôßóôïé÷ïõ flag
(ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò äåßôå ôï &man.chflags.1;). Ðñéí
äéáãñÜøåôå áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá, èá ðñÝðåé ðñþôá íá êáôáñãÞóåôå áõôü ôï
flag.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/obj</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>chflags -R noschg *</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -rf *</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="updating-upgrading-compilebase">
<title>Åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóôå ôï Âáóéêü Óýóôçìá</title>
<sect3>
<title>Áðïèçêåýóôå ôçí ¸îïäï</title>
<para>Êáèþò åêôåëåßôáé ç &man.make.1;, åßíáé êáëÞ éäÝá ç Ýîïäïò ôçò
íá áðïèçêåýåôáé óå êÜðïéï Üëëï áñ÷åßï. Áí êÜôé ðÜåé óôñáâÜ, èá
Ý÷åôå Ýíá áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ìçíýìáôïò ëÜèïõò. Áí êáé áõôü ßóùò äåí óáò
âïçèÞóåé íá âñåßôå ôé ðÞãå óôñáâÜ, ìðïñåß íá äéåõêïëýíåé Üëëïõò áí
óôåßëåôå ôï ìÞíõìá óáò óå ìéá áðü ôéò ëßóôåò çëåêôñïíéêïý
ôá÷õäñïìåßïõ ôïõ &os;.</para>
<para>Ï åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá ãßíåé áõôü, åßíáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.script.1; ìå ìéá ðáñÜìåôñï ðïõ íá êáèïñßæåé ôï üíïìá
ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ óôï ïðïßï èá áðïèçêåõôåß ç Ýîïäïò. Èá ðñÝðåé íá
ôï åêôåëÝóåôå áìÝóùò ðñéí îåêéíÞóåôå ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ âáóéêïý
óõóôÞìáôïò, êáé íá ãñÜøåôå <userinput>exit</userinput> ìüëéò
ç äéáäéêáóßá ïëïêëçñùèåß.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>script /var/tmp/mw.out</userinput>
Script started, output file is /var/tmp/mw.out
&prompt.root; <userinput>make TARGET</userinput>
<emphasis>… ìåôáãëþôôéóç, ìåôáãëþôôéóç, ìåôáãëþôôéóç …</emphasis>
&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput>
Script done, …</screen>
<para>Áí áðïöáóßóåôå íá áðïèçêåýóåôå ôçí Ýîïäï,
<emphasis>ìç ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå</emphasis> ãéá áõôü ôï óêïðü ôïí
êáôÜëïãï <filename>/tmp</filename>. Ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá áõôïý ôïõ
êáôáëüãïõ ðéèáíþò íá äéáãñáöïýí ôçí åðüìåíç öïñÜ ðïõ èá åêêéíÞóåôå
ôï óýóôçìá óáò. ¸íáò êáëýôåñïò êáôÜëïãïò ãéá ôçí áðïèÞêåõóç ôïõ
åßíáé ï <filename>/var/tmp</filename> (üðùò óôï ðñïçãïýìåíï
ðáñÜäåéãìá) Þ ï ðñïóùðéêüò êáôÜëïãïò ôïõ
<username>root</username>.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="make-buildworld">
<title>Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå ôï Âáóéêü Óýóôçìá</title>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá âñßóêåóôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/usr/src</filename>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput></screen>
<para>(åêôüò áí öõóéêÜ Ý÷åôå áðïèçêåýóåé ôïí ðçãáßï êþäéêá óå êÜðïéï
Üëëï êáôÜëïãï, ïðüôå áðëþò ìåôáêéíçèåßôå óå áõôüí).</para>
<indexterm><primary><command>make</command></primary></indexterm>
<para>Ãéá íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå
ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.make.1;. Ç åíôïëÞ áõôÞ äéáâÜæåé ôéò ó÷åôéêÝò
ïäçãßåò áðü ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>Makefile</filename>, ôï ïðïßï
ðåñéãñÜöåé ìå ðïéï ôñüðï ðñÝðåé íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôïýí ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá
áðü ôá ïðïßá áðïôåëåßôáé ôï &os;, ôç óåéñÜ ìå ôçí ïðïßá ðñÝðåé íá
ãßíåé ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ê.ï.ê.</para>
<para>Ç ãåíéêÞ ìïñöÞ ôçò åíôïëÞò ðïõ èá ðëçêôñïëïãÞóåôå åßíáé ç
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -<replaceable>x</replaceable> -D<replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable> <replaceable>target</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá áõôü, ôï
<option>-<replaceable>x</replaceable></option> áíôéðñïóùðåýåé ìéá
åðéëïãÞ ðïõ èÝëåôå íá äþóåôå óôçí &man.make.1;. Äåßôå ôçí óåëßäá
manual ôïõ &man.make.1; ãéá ðáñáäåßãìáôá äõíáôþí åðéëïãþí.</para>
<para>Ç åðéëïãÞ <option>-D<replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable></option>
ðåñíÜåé ìéá ìåôáâëçôÞ óôï <filename>Makefile</filename>.
Ç óõìðåñéöïñÜ ôïõ <filename>Makefile</filename> åëÝã÷åôáé áðü
ôÝôïéïõ åßäïõò ìåôáâëçôÝò. Ðñüêåéôáé ãéá ôéò ßäéåò ìåôáâëçôÝò ðïõ
êáèïñßæïíôáé êáé óôï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>, êáé áõôüò
åßíáé Ýíáò áêüìá ôñüðïò êáèïñéóìïý ôïõò.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DNO_PROFILE <replaceable>target</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Ôï ðáñáðÜíù äåß÷íåé Ýíá åðéðëÝïí ôñüðï íá êáèïñßóåôå üôé äåí
èÝëåôå íá ìåôáãëùôôéóôïýí ïé âéâëéïèÞêåò ìå ðëçñïöïñßåò profiling,
êáé áíôéóôïé÷åß ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôï
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>NO_PROFILE= true # Avoid compiling profiled libraries</programlisting>
<para>Ôï <replaceable>target</replaceable> äçëþíåé óôï &man.make.1;
ôé èÝëåôå íá êÜíåôå. Óå êÜèå <filename>Makefile</filename> ïñßæåôáé
Ýíáò áñéèìüò äéáöïñåôéêþí <quote>targets</quote>, êáé ç åðéëïãÞ ðïõ
èá êÜíåôå, êáèïñßæåé ôé áêñéâþò èá ãßíåé.</para>
<para>ÊÜðïéá áðü ôá targets ðïõ êáèïñßæïíôáé óôï
<filename>Makefile</filename>, äåí ðñïïñßæïíôáé ãéá Üìåóç åêôÝëåóç
áðü ôï ÷ñÞóôç. Áíôß ãéá áõôü, ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé áðü ôç äéáäéêáóßá
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ãéá íá ìïéñáóôåß ï áñéèìüò ôùí âçìÜôùí ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé
ãéá ôç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, óå Ýíá áñéèìü
õðo-âçìÜôùí.</para>
<para>Óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò äåí èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá äþóåôå êáìßá
ðáñÜìåôñï óôï &man.make.1;, êáé Ýôóé ç åíôïëÞ óáò èá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôçí
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make <replaceable>target</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>¼ðïõ ôï <replaceable>target</replaceable> èá åßíáé ìéá áðü ôéò
ðïëëÝò åðéëïãÝò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò. Ôï ðñþôï target èá ðñÝðåé ðÜíôá íá
åßíáé ôï <makevar>buildworld</makevar>.</para>
<para>¼ðùò åííïåßôáé êáé áðü ôï üíïìá, ôï
<maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> ìåôáãëùôôßæåé Ýíá ðëÞñåò äÝíôñï
ìÝóá óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/usr/obj</filename>, åíþ ôï
<maketarget>installworld</maketarget>, åãêáèéóôÜ áõôü ôï äÝíôñï óôï
ôñÝ÷ïí ìç÷Üíçìá.</para>
<para>Ç ýðáñîç äéáöïñåôéêþí åðéëïãþí, åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìç ãéá äýï ëüãïõò.
Ðñþôá áðü üëá, óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ìå áóöÜëåéá, ãíùñßæïíôáò üôé äåí ðñüêåéôáé íá
åðçñåáóôåß êáíÝíá ôìÞìá ôïõ ôñÝ÷ïíôïò óõóôÞìáôïò óáò. Ç äéáäéêáóßá
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò åßíáé <quote>self hosted</quote>, áðïìïíùìÝíç áðü ôçí
õðüëïéðç ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ ìç÷áíÞìáôïò. Ìðïñåßôå Ýôóé íá åêôåëÝóåôå
ôï <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> óå Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá ðïõ âñßóêåôáé
óå êáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá (ðïëëáðëþí ÷ñçóôþí) ÷ùñßò íá õðÜñ÷åé öüâïò
ðáñåíåñãåéþí. Ùóôüóï, óõíßóôáôáé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
<maketarget>installworld</maketarget> óå êáôÜóôáóç ëåéôïõñãßáò
åíüò ÷ñÞóôç.</para>
<para>Ï äåýôåñïò ëüãïò åßíáé üôé óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
ðñïóáñôÞóåéò NFS ãéá íá áíáâáèìßóåôå ðïëëÜ ìç÷áíÞìáôá ôïõ äéêôýïõ
óáò. Áí Ý÷åôå ôñßá ìç÷áíÞìáôá, ôá
<hostid>A</hostid>, <hostid>B</hostid> êáé <hostid>C</hostid>
ôá ïðïßá èÝëåôå íá áíáâáèìßóåôå, åêôåëÝóôå ôï
<command>make buildworld</command> êáé ôï
<command>make installworld</command> óôï ìç÷Üíçìá
<hostid>A</hostid>. Ôï <hostid>B</hostid> êáé ôï
<hostid>C</hostid> ìðïñïýí íá ðñïóáñôÞóïõí ôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/usr/src</filename> êáé ôïí
<filename>/usr/obj</filename> áðü ôïí <hostid>A</hostid> ìÝóù NFS,
êáé Ýðåéôá ìðïñåßôå íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
<command>make installworld</command> ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï
Ýôïéìï ðëÝïí óýóôçìá óôïí <hostid>B</hostid> êáé
<hostid>C</hostid>.</para>
<para>Áí êáé õðÜñ÷åé áêüìá ôï target <maketarget>world</maketarget>,
äåí óõíßóôáôáé ðëÝïí ç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ.</para>
<para>ÅêôåëÝóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildworld</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá êáèïñßóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <option>-j</option> óôçí
<command>make</command> þóôå íá åêôåëåóôåß óå ðïëëáðëÝò äéåñãáóßåò.
Áõôü åßíáé ðåñéóóüôåñï ÷ñÞóéìï óå ìç÷áíÞìáôá ìå ðïëëïýò
åðåîåñãáóôÝò, ùóôüóï êáèþò ôï ìåãáëýôåñï ìÝñïò ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò êáèõóôåñåß åîáéôßáò ôïõ óêëçñïý äßóêïõ (IO bound)
êáé ü÷é ôçò CPU, ìðïñåß íá óáò öáíåß ÷ñÞóéìï áêüìá êáé óå ìç÷áíÞìáôá
ìå Ýíá åðåîåñãáóôÞ.</para>
<para>Óå Ýíá ôõðéêü ìç÷Üíçìá ìå ìéá CPU, èá ìðïñïýóáôå íá
äþóåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -j4 buildworld</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìå ôçí ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞ, ôï &man.make.1; èá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ìÝ÷ñé
4 äéåñãáóßåò êÜèå ÷ñïíéêÞ óôéãìÞ. Áðü ôçí åìðåéñßá ðïõ Ý÷ïõìå
êáé áðü üôé áíáöÝñïõí ïé ÷ñÞóôåò óôéò ëßóôåò, öáßíåôáé üôé ç
ñýèìéóç áõôÞ äßíåé ãåíéêÜ ôçí êáëýôåñç áðüäïóç.</para>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå ìç÷Üíçìá ìå ðïëëïýò åðåîåñãáóôÝò, êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå
ðõñÞíá ìå äõíáôüôçôá SMP, äïêéìÜóôå ôéìÝò ìåôáîý ôïõ 6 êáé ôïõ 10
ãéá íá äåßôå ðïéá åðéôá÷ýíåé êáëýôåñá ôï áðïôÝëåóìá.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>×ñüíïò Ìåôáãëþôôéóçò</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>rebuilding <quote>world</quote></primary>
<secondary>timings</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ï ÷ñüíïò ðïõ áðáéôåßôáé ãéá ôçí ìåôáãëþôôéóç åðçñåÜæåôáé áðü
ðïëëïýò ðáñÜãïíôåò. Ùóôüóï, óå óýã÷ñïíá ìç÷áíÞìáôá ç äéáäéêáóßá
äåí êñáôÜåé óõíÞèùò ðáñáðÜíù áðü ìßá Þ äýï þñåò, üôáí ãßíåôáé
ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ äÝíôñïõ &os.stable;, êáé ìÜëéóôá ÷ùñßò íá
÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ãßíïõí åéäéêÝò ñõèìßóåéò Þ êüëðá. Ôï äÝíôñï
&os.current; ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ãåíéêÜ ëßãï ðåñéóóüôåñï ÷ñüíï ãéá íá
ìåôáãëùôôéóôåß.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="new-kernel">
<title>Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå êáé ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ÍÝï ÐõñÞíá</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>kernel</primary>
<secondary>compiling</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ãéá íá åêìåôáëëåõèåßôå ðëÞñùò ôï íÝï óáò óýóôçìá, èá ðñÝðåé íá
åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá. Áõôü åßíáé ðñáêôéêÜ áíáãêáßï, êáèþò
êÜðïéåò äïìÝò óôç ìíÞìç ðéèáíþò íá Ý÷ïõí áëëÜîåé, êáé Ýôóé
ðñïãñÜììáôá üðùò ôá &man.ps.1; êáé &man.top.1; äåí èá ëåéôïõñãïýí
óùóôÜ ìÝ÷ñé íá óõã÷ñïíßóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç ðçãáßïõ
êþäéêá ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>
<para>Ï áðëïýóôåñïò êáé ðëÝïí áóöáëÞò ôñüðïò, åßíáé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå
êáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå Ýíá ðõñÞíá âáóéóìÝíï óôïí
<filename>GENERIC</filename>. Áí êáé ï <filename>GENERIC</filename>
ìðïñåß íá ìçí ðåñéÝ÷åé üëåò ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò óõóêåõÝò ãéá ôï óýóôçìá
óáò, èá ðñÝðåé íá ðåñéÝ÷åé üôé ÷ñåéÜæåôáé þóôå íá îåêéíÞóåôå îáíÜ
ôï óýóôçìá óáò óå êáôÜóôáóç ëåéôïõñãßáò åíüò ÷ñÞóôç. Áõôü åßíáé Ýíá
êáëü ôåóô óùóôÞò ëåéôïõñãßáò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò. ÌåôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ìå
ôïí <filename>GENERIC</filename>, êáé áöïý åðáëçèåýóåôå ôç óùóôÞ
ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, ìðïñåßôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå Ýíá íÝï
ðõñÞíá âáóéóìÝíï óôï äéêü óáò ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí.</para>
<para>Óôï &os; åßíáé óçìáíôéêü íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï <link
linkend="make-buildworld">build world</link> ðñéí ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå íÝï
ðõñÞíá.</para>
<note><para>Áí èÝëåôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå íÝï ðõñÞíá, êáé Ý÷åôå Þäç Ýíá
áñ÷åßï ìå ðñïóáñìïóìÝíåò ñõèìßóåéò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå áðëþò ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<literal>KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></literal>
ìå ôïí ôñüðï ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make installkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput></screen>
</note>
<para>Óçìåéþóôå üôé áí Ý÷åôå áíåâÜóåé ôçí ôéìÞ ôïõ
<literal>kern.securelevel</literal> ðÜíù áðü ôï 1,
<emphasis>êáé</emphasis> Ý÷åôå èÝóåé ôï flag
<literal>noschg</literal> Þ êÜðïéï áíôßóôïé÷ï óôï åêôåëÝóéìï áñ÷åßï
ôïõ ðõñÞíá, ìÜëëïí èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ìåôáâåßôå óå êáôÜóôáóç ëåéôïõñãßáò
åíüò ÷ñÞóôç ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
<maketarget>installkernel</maketarget>. ÄéáöïñåôéêÜ, ìðïñåßôå íá
åêôåëÝóåôå êáé ôéò äýï áõôÝò åíôïëÝò áðü ôçí êáíïíéêÞ êáôÜóôáóç
ëåéôïõñãßáò (ðïëëþí ÷ñçóôþí) ÷ùñßò íá äçìéïõñãçèïýí ðñïâëÞìáôá.
Äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.init.8; ãéá ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå
ôç ñýèìéóç <literal>kern.securelevel</literal> êáé ôç óåëßäá
ôïõ &man.chflags.1; ãéá ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôá äéÜöïñá flags
ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé óå áñ÷åßá.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="new-kernel-singleuser">
<title>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå óå ÊáôÜóôáóç Ëåéôïõñãßáò Åíüò ×ñÞóôç</title>
<indexterm><primary>single-user mode</primary></indexterm>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå óå êáôÜóôáóç ëåéôïõñãßáò åíüò ÷ñÞóôç
ãéá íá åðáëçèåýóåôå ôç ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ íÝïõ ðõñÞíá. Ãéá ôï óêïðü
áõôü, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôéò ïäçãßåò ðïõ åßäáìå óôï
<xref linkend="makeworld-singleuser"/>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="make-installworld">
<title>ÅãêáôáóôÞóôå ôá ÍÝá ÅêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ ÓõóôÞìáôïò</title>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé ôþñá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï
<maketarget>installworld</maketarget> ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá íÝá
åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>
<para>ÅêôåëÝóôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make installworld</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå êáèïñßóåé ìåôáâëçôÝò óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí ôïõ
<command>make buildworld</command> èá ðñÝðåé íá êáèïñßóåôå ôéò
ßäéåò ìåôáâëçôÝò êáé óôçí ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí ôïõ
<command>make installworld</command>. Áõôü äåí åßíáé áðáñáßôçôá
áëÞèåéá ãéá Üëëåò åðéëïãÝò. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ç åðéëïãÞ
<option>-j</option> äåí ðñÝðåé ðïôÝ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ìå ôï
<maketarget>installworld</maketarget>.</para>
<para>Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá áí åêôåëÝóåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DNO_PROFILE buildworld</userinput></screen>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï áðïôÝëåóìá ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DNO_PROFILE installworld</userinput></screen>
<para>äéáöïñåôéêÜ ôï &man.make.1; èá ðñïóðáèÞóåé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåé
âéâëéïèÞêåò ìå profiling, ôéò ïðïßåò üìùò äåí ìåôáãëùôôßóáôå êáôÜ
ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò öÜóçò <command>make buildworld</command>.</para>
</note>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="post-installworld-updates">
<title>Åíçìåñþóôå ¼óá Áñ÷åßá äåí Åíçìåñþèçêáí áðü ôï
<command>make installworld</command></title>
<para>Ç åðáíáìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò äåí èá åíçìåñþóåé
ïñéóìÝíïõò êáôáëüãïõò (åéäéêüôåñá ôïõò
<filename>/etc</filename>, <filename>/var</filename> êáé
<filename>/usr</filename>) ìå ôá íÝá Þ áëëáãìÝíá áñ÷åßá
ñõèìßóåùí.</para>
<para>Ï áðëïýóôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá åíçìåñþóåôå ôá áñ÷åßá áõôÜ åßíáé íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï &man.mergemaster.8;, áí êáé ìðïñåßôå íá ôï êÜíåôå
êáé ÷åéñïêßíçôá áí ðñïôéìÜôå. ¶ó÷åôá áðü ôïí ôñüðï ðïõ èá
ðñïôéìÞóåôå, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå ðÜñåé áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò ôïõ
<filename>/etc</filename> óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ êÜôé ðÜåé óôñáâÜ.</para>
<sect3 id="mergemaster">
<sect3info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Rhodes</surname>
<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect3info>
<title><command>mergemaster</command></title>
<indexterm><primary><command>mergemaster</command></primary></indexterm>
<para>Ôï âïçèçôéêü ðñüãñáììá &man.mergemaster.8; åßíáé Ýíá Bourne
script ôï ïðïßï èá óáò âïçèÞóåé íá êáèïñßóåôå ôéò äéáöïñÝò ìåôáîý
ôùí åãêáôåóôçìÝíùí óôï <filename>/etc</filename> áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí,
êáé ôùí áíôßóôïé÷ùí óôï äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá óôï
<filename>/usr/src/etc</filename>. ÁõôÞ åßíáé êáé ç óõíéóôþìåíç
ëýóç ãéá íá åíçìåñþóåôå ôá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò ìå ôõ÷üí
áëëáãÝò ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ãßíåé óôïí íÝï ðçãáßï êþäéêá.</para>
<para>Ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå, áðëþò ãñÜøôå <command>mergemaster</command>
óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ôçò ãñáììÞò åíôïëþí êáé ðáñáêïëïõèÞóôå ôçí êáèþò
ëåéôïõñãåß. Ôï <command>mergemaster</command> èá äçìéïõñãÞóåé Ýíá
ðñïóùñéíü ðåñéâÜëëïí root, áðü ôï <filename>/</filename> êáé êÜôù,
êáé èá ôï ãåìßóåé ìå äéÜöïñá áñ÷åßá ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò. ¸ðåéôá
èá ãßíåé óýãêñéóç áõôþí ôùí áñ÷åßùí ìå ôá áíôßóôïé÷á ðïõ âñßóêïíôáé
Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíá óôï óýóôçìá óáò. Óôï óçìåßï áõôü, èá óáò äåßîåé
ôá áñ÷åßá ðïõ äéáöÝñïõí ìå ìïñöÞ &man.diff.1;, üðïõ ïé ãñáììÝò ðïõ
Ý÷ïõí ôñïðïðïéçèåß Þ åßíáé íÝåò èá öáßíïíôáé ìå Ýíá
<option>+</option>, åíþ ìå ôï <option>-</option> èá öáßíïíôáé ïé
ãñáììÝò ðïõ åßôå áöáéñïýíôáé åíôåëþò Þ ðïõ áíôéêáèßóôáíôáé áðü ìéá
íÝá ãñáììÞ. Äåßôå ôç óåëßäá manual ôïõ &man.diff.1; ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôç óýíôáîç ôïõ &man.diff.1; êáé ãéá ôïí ôñüðï
ìå ôïí ïðïßï öáßíïíôáé ïé äéáöïñÝò ìåôáîý ôùí áñ÷åßùí.</para>
<para>Ôï &man.mergemaster.8; èá óáò äåßîåé Ýðåéôá êÜèå áñ÷åßï ðïõ
ðáñïõóéÜæåé äéáöïñÝò, êáé óôï óçìåßï áõôü èá Ý÷åôå ôçí äõíáôüôçôá
åßôå íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôï íÝï áñ÷åßï (ôï ïðïßï áíáöÝñåôáé ùò ðñïóùñéíü
áñ÷åßï), åßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ðñïóùñéíü áñ÷åßï ÷ùñßò íá êÜíåôå
óå áõôü êáìéÜ áëëáãÞ, åßôå íá óõã÷ùíåýóåôå ôéò áëëáãÝò ôùí äýï
áñ÷åßùí, Þ ôÝëïò íá îáíáäåßôå ôéò äéáöïñÝò ìÝóù ôçò
&man.diff.1;.</para>
<para>Áí åðéëÝîåôå íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôï ðñïóùñéíü áñ÷åßï, ôï
&man.mergemaster.8; èá êáôáëÜâåé üôé åðéèõìåßôå íá äéáôçñÞóåôå ôï
ôñÝ÷ïí áñ÷åßï óáò ÷ùñßò áëëáãÝò, êáé íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôç íÝá Ýêäïóç.
Ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ ãåíéêÜ äåí óõíßóôáôáé, åêôüò áí äåí âëÝðåôå êáíÝíá
ëüãï íá áëëÜîåôå ôï ôñÝ÷ïí áñ÷åßï. Ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå âïÞèåéá
ïðïéáäÞðïôå óôéãìÞ êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò, ðëçêôñïëïãþíôáò
<keycap>?</keycap> óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ôïõ &man.mergemaster.8;. Áí
áðïöáóßóåôå íá ðáñáëåßøåôå êÜðïéï áñ÷åßï, áõôü èá åìöáíéóôåß
îáíÜ ìåôÜ ôï ôÝëïò üëùí ôùí Üëëùí áñ÷åßùí.</para>
<para>Áí åðéëÝîåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ðñïóùñéíü áñ÷åßï ÷ùñßò áëëáãÝò,
áõôü èá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåé ôï Þäç åãêáôåóôçìÝíï óáò áñ÷åßï. ÁõôÞ åßíáé
êáé ç êáëýôåñç åðéëïãÞ ãéá ôá áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá äåí Ý÷åôå áëëÜîåé
åóåßò ÷åéñïêßíçôá.</para>
<para>Áí åðéëÝîåôå íá óõã÷ùíåýóåôå ôá äýï áñ÷åßá, èá åìöáíéóôåß Ýíáò
åðåîåñãáóôÞò êåéìÝíïõ ìå ôá ðåñéå÷üìåíá êáé ôùí äýï áñ÷åßùí.
Ìðïñåßôå ôþñá íá ôá óõã÷ùíåýóåôå ðáñáôçñþíôáò ôáõôü÷ñïíá êáé ôá äýï
áñ÷åßá äßðëá-äßðëá, êáé åðéëÝãïíôáò ôìÞìáôá êáé áðü ôá äýï ãéá íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôçí ôåëéêÞ Ýêäïóç. ÊáôÜ ôç óýãêñéóç áõôÞ, ìðïñåßôå íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï ðëÞêôñï <keycap>l</keycap> ãéá íá åðéëÝîåôå ôá
ðåñéå÷üìåíá ðïõ öáßíïíôáé óôçí áñéóôåñÞ ðëåõñÜ, Þ ôï
<keycap>r</keycap> ãéá ôá áíôßóôïé÷á ðåñéå÷üìåíá óôç äåîéÜ.
Ôï ôåëéêü áðïôÝëåóìá èá åßíáé Ýíá áñ÷åßï ðïõ èá áðïôåëåßôáé áðü
ôìÞìáôá êáé ôùí äýï áñ÷åßùí, êáé ôï ïðïßï ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå.
Ç åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé óõíÞèùò ãéá áñ÷åßá ôùí ïðïßùí ôï
ðåñéå÷üìåíï Ý÷åé ìåôáâëçèåß áðü ôï ÷ñÞóôç.</para>
<para>Áí åðéëÝîåôå íá äåßôå îáíÜ ôéò äéáöïñÝò ìÝóù ôçò &man.diff.1;,
áõôÝò èá åìöáíéóôïýí áêñéâþò üðùò Ýãéíå êáé ðñéí
óáò ñùôÞóåé ôï &man.mergemaster.8; íá åðéëÝîåôå ôé èÝëåôå íá êÜíåôå
ìå ôï áñ÷åßï.</para>
<para>Ìüëéò ïëïêëçñùèåß ç ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ &man.mergemaster.8; óôá áñ÷åßá
óõóôÞìáôïò, èá óáò ñùôÞóåé ãéá Üëëåò åðéëïãÝò.
Ôï &man.mergemaster.8; ßóùò óáò ñùôÞóåé áí èÝëåôå íá áíáäçìéïõñãÞóåôå
ôï áñ÷åßï ôùí êùäéêþí (password file), êáé èá ôåëåéþóåé äßíïíôáò óáò
ôçí åðéëïãÞ íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôõ÷üí ðñïóùñéíÜ áñ÷åßá ðïõ äçìéïõñãÞèçêáí
êáôÜ ôçí äéáäéêáóßá.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>×åéñïêßíçôç ÅíçìÝñùóç</title>
<para>Áí åðéèõìåßôå íá êÜíåôå ôçí åíçìÝñùóç ÷åéñïêßíçôá, äåí ìðïñåßôå
áðëþò íá áíôéãñÜøåôå ôá áñ÷åßá áðü ôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/usr/src/etc</filename> óôïí <filename>/etc</filename> êáé
íá ðåñéìÝíåôå üôé ôï óýóôçìá óáò èá ëåéôïõñãÞóåé óùóôÜ. ÊÜðïéá áðü
áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá èá ðñÝðåé íá <quote>åãêáôáóôáèïýí</quote> ðñþôá. Áõôü
óõìâáßíåé åðåéäÞ ï êáôÜëïãïò <filename>/usr/src/etc</filename>
<emphasis>äåí åßíáé</emphasis> êáíïíéêü áíôßãñáöï ôïõ
<filename>/etc</filename>. Åðéðñüóèåôá, õðÜñ÷ïõí áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá
ðñÝðåé íá âñßóêïíôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/etc</filename>, áëëÜ
äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí óôïí <filename>/usr/src/etc</filename>.</para>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï &man.mergemaster.8; (üðùò êáé óõíßóôáôáé),
ìðïñåßôå íá äéáâÜóåôå êáôåõèåßáí ôçí <link
linkend="updating-upgrading-rebooting">åðüìåíç åíüôçôá</link>.</para>
<para>Ï áðëïýóôåñïò ôñüðïò íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü ÷åéñïêßíçôá, åßíáé íá
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôá áñ÷åßá óå Ýíá íÝï êáôÜëïãï, êáé Ýðåéôá íá ôá
åîåôÜóåôå Ýíá-Ýíá øÜ÷íïíôáò ãéá ôéò áëëáãÝò.</para>
<warning>
<title>ÊñáôÞóôå ¸íá Áíôßãñáöï Áóöáëåßáò ôïõ Êáôáëüãïõ
<filename>/etc</filename></title>
<para>Áí êáé èåùñçôéêÜ, ôßðïôá äåí ðñüêåéôáé íá ðåéñÜîåé áõôü ôïí
êáôÜëïãï áõôüìáôá, åßíáé ðÜíôá êáëýôåñá íá åßìáóôå óßãïõñïé.
Ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü, áíôéãñÜøôå ôïí õðÜñ÷ïíôá êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/etc</filename> óå êÜðïéï áóöáëÝò ìÝñïò. ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå
ìéá åíôïëÞ üðùò ç ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp -Rp /etc /etc.old</userinput></screen>
<para>Ç åðéëïãÞ <option>-R</option> ðñáãìáôïðïéåß áíáäñïìéêÞ
áíôéãñáöÞ, åíþ ç <option>-p</option> äéáôçñåß ôá äéêáéþìáôá, ôçí
éäéïêôçóßá, ôéò çìåñïìçíßåò ôùí áñ÷åßùí, ê.ï.ê.</para>
</warning>
<para>èá ðñÝðåé íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ìéá øåõôï-äïìÞ êáôáëüãùí ãéá íá
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï íÝï êáôÜëïãï <filename>/etc</filename> êáé Üëëá
áñ÷åßá. Ìéá ëïãéêÞ åðéëïãÞ åßíáé ï êáôÜëïãïò
<filename>/var/tmp/root</filename>, êáé êÜôù áðü áõôüí, èá ðñÝðåé
åðßóçò íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå êáé ìéá ïëüêëçñç óåéñÜ áðü ôïõò õðïêáôáëüãïõò
ðïõ áðáéôïýíôáé.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /var/tmp/root</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/etc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make DESTDIR=/var/tmp/root distrib-dirs distribution</userinput></screen>
<para>Ïé ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÝò èá äçìéïõñãÞóïõí ôçí áðáéôïýìåíç äïìÞ
êáôáëüãùí êáé èá åãêáôáóôÞóïõí ôá áñ÷åßá. ÌåãÜëï ìÝñïò ôùí
õðïêáôáëüãùí ðïõ Ý÷ïõí äçìéïõñãçèåß êÜôù áðü ôïí
<filename>/var/tmp/root</filename> åßíáé Üäåéïé, êáé ðñÝðåé íá
äéáãñáöïýí. Ï áðëïýóôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá ãßíåé áõôü, öáßíåôáé
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /var/tmp/root</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>find -d . -type d | xargs rmdir 2>/dev/null</userinput></screen>
<para>Áõôü èá äéáãñÜøåé üëïõò ôïõò Üäåéïõò õðïêáôáëüãïõò. (Ç Ýîïäïò
óöÜëìáôïò áíáêáôåõèýíåôáé óôï <filename>/dev/null</filename> þóôå
íá ìçí åìöáíßæïíôáé óôçí ïèüíç ðñïåéäïðïéÞóåéò ãéá êáôáëüãïõò ðïõ
äåí åßíáé Üäåéïé.)</para>
<para>Ôþñá, ï <filename>/var/tmp/root</filename> ðåñéÝ÷åé üëá ôá áñ÷åßá
ðïõ èá ðñÝðåé íá ôïðïèåôçèïýí óå êáôÜëëçëåò èÝóåéò êÜôù áðü ôïí
<filename>/</filename>. Èá ðñÝðåé ôþñá íá äéáôñÝîåôå êáèÝíá áðü
áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá, êáé íá êáèïñßóåôå ðùò êáèÝíá áðü áõôÜ äéáöÝñåé áðü
ôï áíôßóôïé÷ï õðÜñ÷ïí (åãêáôåóôçìÝíï) áñ÷åßï.</para>
<para>Óçìåéþóôå üôé êÜðïéá áðü ôá áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá Ý÷ïõí
åãêáôáóôáèåß óôïí <filename>/var/tmp/root</filename> Ý÷ïõí ìéá
áñ÷éêÞ <quote>.</quote>. Ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ ãñÜöïíôáé áõôÝò ïé ãñáììÝò,
ôá ìüíá áñ÷åßá óôá ïðïßá óõìâáßíåé áõôü åßíáé ôá áñ÷åßá åêêßíçóçò
ôïõ êåëýöïõò óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/var/tmp/root/</filename> êáé
<filename>/var/tmp/root/root/</filename>, áí êáé ìðïñåß íá õðÜñ÷ïõí
êáé Üëëá (áíÜëïãá ìå ôï ðüôå äéáâÜæåôå ôï êåßìåíï). Âåâáéùèåßôå üôé
÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>ls -a</command> ãéá íá ôá äåßôå
üëá.</para>
<para>Ï áðëïýóôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá óõãêñßíåôå äýï áñ÷åßá, åßíáé íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.diff.1;:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>diff /etc/shells /var/tmp/root/etc/shells</userinput></screen>
<para>Ç ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞ èá óáò äåßîåé ôéò äéáöïñÝò ìåôáîý ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ
<filename>/etc/shells</filename> êáé ôïõ íÝïõ áñ÷åßïõ
<filename>/var/tmp/root/etc/shells</filename>. ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôéò
äéáöïñÝò áõôÝò ãéá íá áðïöáóßóåôå áí èá ðñÝðåé íá óõã÷ùíåýóåôå ôéò
áëëáãÝò ðïõ Ý÷åôå êÜíåé, Þ áðëþò íá áíôéãñÜøåôå ôï ðáëéü óáò áñ÷åßï
ðÜíù áðü ôï íÝï.</para>
<tip>
<title>ÐñïóèÝóôå ôçí Çìåñïìçíßá óôï ¼íïìá ôïõ ÍÝïõ Root Êáôáëüãïõ,
(<filename>/var/tmp/root</filename>) ¿óôå íá Ìðïñåßôå Åýêïëá íá
Óõãêñßíåôå ÄéáöïñåôéêÝò Åêäüóåéò Ìåôáîý ôïõò</title>
<para>Áí ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå óõ÷íÜ ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá, èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò
íá åíçìåñþíåôå óõ÷íÜ ôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/etc</filename>, ôï
ïðïßï ìðïñåß íá åßíáé åíï÷ëçôéêü.</para>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá åðéôá÷ýíåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá, ôçñþíôáò Ýíá
áíôßãñáöï ôïõ ôåëåõôáßïõ óåô áëëáãìÝíùí áñ÷åßùí ôá ïðïßá
óõã÷ùíåýóáôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/etc</filename>. Ç ðáñáêÜôù
äéáäéêáóßá èá óáò äþóåé ìéá éäÝá ãéá ôï ðùò ìðïñåß íá
ãßíåé áõôü:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá üðùò êÜíåôå óõíÞèùò. ¼ôáí
èÝëåôå íá åíçìåñþóåôå ôïí <filename>/etc</filename> êáé ôïõò
Üëëïõò êáôáëüãïõò, äþóôå óôïí êáôÜëïãï ðñïïñéóìïý Ýíá üíïìá
âáóéóìÝíï óôçí ôñÝ÷ïõóá çìåñïìçíßá. Áí ôï êÜíáôå áõôü
óôéò 14 Öåâñïõáñßïõ 1998, èá ãñÜöáôå êÜôé óáí ôï
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /var/tmp/root-19980214</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/etc</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make DESTDIR=/var/tmp/root-19980214 \
distrib-dirs distribution</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>Óõã÷ùíåýóôå ôéò áëëáãÝò áðü áõôü ôïí êáôÜëïãï, ìå ôïí ôñüðï
ðïõ ðåñéãñÜøáìå ðáñáðÜíù.</para>
<para><emphasis>Ìçí äéáãñÜøåôå</emphasis> ôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/var/tmp/root-19980214</filename> üôáí ôåëåéþóåôå
ìå ôçí ðáñáðÜíù äéáäéêáóßá.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>¼ôáí êáôåâÜóåôå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá êáé
ôïí ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå îáíÜ, áêïëïõèÞóôå ôï âÞìá 1. Áõôü èá óáò
äþóåé Ýíá êáôÜëïãï ðïõ ìðïñåß íá ïíïìÜæåôáé
<filename>/var/tmp/root-19980221</filename> (áí áíÜìåóá óôéò
äýï ìåôáãëùôôßóåéò ðáñåìâÜëëåôáé äéÜóôçìá ìéáò
åâäïìÜäáò).</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå ôþñá íá äåßôå ôéò äéáöïñÝò ðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí áíÜìåóá
óôéò äýï åâäïìÜäåò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí åíôïëÞ
&man.diff.1; óå áíáäñïìéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá ãéá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôéò
äéáöïñÝò ìåôáîý ôùí äýï êáôáëüãùí:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /var/tmp</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>diff -r root-19980214 root-19980221</userinput></screen>
<para>ÔõðéêÜ, áõôü ôï óåô áëëáãþí èá åßíáé ðïëý ìéêñüôåñï áðü
áõôü ìåôáîý ôïõ <filename>/var/tmp/root-19980221/etc</filename>
êáé ôïõ <filename>/etc</filename>. Êáèþò áõôü ôï óåô áëëáãþí
åßíáé ìéêñüôåñï, åßíáé êáé ðéï åýêïëï íá åöáñìüóåôå áõôÝò
ôéò áëëáãÝò óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>/etc</filename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå ôþñá íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôïí ðáëéüôåñï áðü ôïõò äýï
êáôáëüãïõò <filename>/var/tmp/root-*</filename>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -rf /var/tmp/root-19980214</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÅðáíáëÜâåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá êÜèå öïñÜ ðïõ èÝëåôå íá
óõã÷ùíåýóåôå ôéò áëëáãÝò óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/etc</filename>.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.date.1; ãéá
íá áõôïìáôïðïéÞóåôå ôçí äçìéïõñãßá ôùí ïíïìÜôùí êáôáëüãùí:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /var/tmp/root-`date "+%Y%m%d"`</userinput></screen>
</tip>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="updating-upgrading-rebooting">
<title>Åðáíåêêßíçóç</title>
<para>Ç äéáäéêáóßá Ý÷åé ðëÝïí ïëïêëçñùèåß. Áöïý åðáëçèåýóåôå üôé üëá
âñßóêïíôáé óôéò óùóôÝò èÝóåéò, ìðïñåßôå íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìá.
Ìéá áðëÞ åíôïëÞ &man.shutdown.8; åßíáé åðáñêÞò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÏëïêëÞñùóç</title>
<para>¸÷åôå ðëÝïí áíáâáèìßóåé ôï &os; óýóôçìá óáò. Óõã÷áñçôÞñéá.</para>
<para>Áí ôá ðñÜãìáôá äåí ðÞãáí åíôåëþò óùóôÜ, åßíáé åýêïëï íá
ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå îáíÜ ïðïéïäÞðïôå ôìÞìá ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.
Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí äéáãñÜøåôå êáôÜ ëÜèïò ôï
<filename>/etc/magic</filename> ùò ìÝñïò ìéáò áíáâÜèìéóçò Þ
óõã÷þíåõóçò ôïõ <filename>/etc</filename>, ç åíôïëÞ &man.file.1;
èá óôáìáôÞóåé íá ëåéôïõñãåß. Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, ç äéüñèùóç åßíáé
íá åêôåëÝóåôå:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.bin/file</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make all install</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="updating-questions">
<title>ÅñùôÞóåéò</title>
<qandaset>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>ÐñÝðåé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóù îáíÜ ïëüêëçñï ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá óå
êÜèå áëëáãÞ;</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Äåí õðÜñ÷åé åýêïëç áðÜíôçóç óå áõôü ôï åñþôçìá, êáèþò
åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôç öýóç ôçò áëëáãÞò. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, áí
åêôåëÝóåôå ôï <application>CVSup</application>, êáé äåßôå üôé
åíçìåñþèçêáí ôá ðáñáêÜôù áñ÷åßá:</para>
<screen><filename>src/games/cribbage/instr.c</filename>
<filename>src/games/sail/pl_main.c</filename>
<filename>src/release/sysinstall/config.c</filename>
<filename>src/release/sysinstall/media.c</filename>
<filename>src/share/mk/bsd.port.mk</filename></screen>
<para>Ôï ðéèáíüôåñï åßíáé üôé äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå
îáíÜ üëï ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá. Ìðïñåßôå áðëþò íá ìåôáâåßôå óôïõò
ó÷åôéêïýò õðïêáôáëüãïõò êáé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
<command>make all install</command>, êáé èá Ý÷åôå ôåëåéþóåé.
Áí üìùò õðÜñ÷åé êÜðïéá óçìáíôéêÞ áëëáãÞ, ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôï
<filename>src/lib/libc/stdlib</filename>, èá ðñÝðåé åßôå íá
åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá, Þ ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí áõôÜ ôá
êïììÜôéá ôá ïðïßá åßíáé óôáôéêÜ óõíäåäåìÝíá (üðùò êáé ïôéäÞðïôå
Üëëï Ý÷åôå ðñïóèÝóåé åóåßò êáé ôï ïðïßï åßíáé óôáôéêÜ
óõíäåäåìÝíï).</para>
<para>ÔåëéêÜ, ç áðüöáóç åßíáé äéêÞ óáò. Ìðïñåß íá åßóôå
éêáíïðïéçìÝíïò áí ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá êÜèå äýï
âäïìÜäåò, áöÞíïíôáò ôéò áëëáãÝò íá óõãêåíôñùèïýí óôç äéÜñêåéá
áõôïý ôïõ äéáóôÞìáôïò. ¹ ìðïñåß íá èÝëåôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå
ìüíï ôéò áëëáãÝò, áí Ý÷åôå ôçí ðåðïßèçóç üôé ìðïñåßôå íá
åíôïðßóåôå üëåò ôéò åîáñôÞóåéò ôïõò.</para>
<para>Êáé öõóéêÜ, üëá áõôÜ åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôï ðüóï óõ÷íÜ èÝëåôå íá
åíçìåñþíåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò, êáé áðü ôï áí áêïëïõèåßôå ôï
&os.stable; Þ ôï &os.current;.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>Ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ìïõ áðÝôõ÷å ìå ðëÞèïò ìçíõìÜôùí signal 11
(Þ ëÜèç ìå Üëëá óÞìáôá). Ôé Ý÷åé óõìâåß;</para>
</question>
<answer>
<indexterm><primary>signal 11</primary></indexterm>
<para>Áõôü óõíÞèùò äåß÷íåé ðñïâëÞìáôá õëéêïý. Ç äéáäéêáóßá
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò åßíáé Ýíáò áðïôåëåóìáôéêüò
ôñüðïò íá äïêéìÜóåôå ôï õëéêü óáò óôá üñéá ôïõ, êáé óõ÷íÜ èá
äåßîåé ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ ó÷åôßæïíôáé ìå ôç ìíÞìç. Ôï ðéï óýíçèåò
óýìðôùìá, åßíáé ç áðüôïìç äéáêïðÞ ôçò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, ìå ôïí
ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ íá öáßíåôáé üôé Ý÷åé ëÜâåé êÜðïéï ìõóôçñéþäåò
óÞìá.</para>
<para>¸íá óßãïõñï óçìÜäé ãéá ôï ðáñáðÜíù, åßíáé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå
ôç äéáäéêáóßá, êáé áõôÞ íá óôáìáôÞóåé óå äéáöïñåôéêü
óçìåßï.</para>
<para>Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ, äåí õðÜñ÷ïõí êáé ðïëëÜ ðïõ ìðïñåßôå íá
êÜíåôå, åêôüò áðü ôï íá áñ÷ßóåôå íá áëëÜæåôå åîáñôÞìáôá óôï
ìç÷Üíçìá óáò ìÝ÷ñé íá âñåßôå áõôü ðïõ åßíáé õðáßôéï.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>Ìðïñþ íá äéáãñÜøù ôï <filename>/usr/obj</filename> üôáí
ôåëåéþóù;</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Ç óýíôïìç áðÜíôçóç åßíáé íáé.</para>
<para>Ôï <filename>/usr/obj</filename> ðåñéÝ÷åé üëá ôá
áíôéêåéìåíéêÜ áñ÷åßá ðïõ ðáñÜãïíôáé êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôçò
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò. ÓõíÞèùò, Ýíá áðü ôá ðñþôá âÞìáôá óôçí
äéáäéêáóßá <command>make buildworld</command> åßíáé ç äéáãñáöÞ
áõôïý ôïõ êáôáëüãïõ êáé ç áíáäçìéïõñãßá ôïõ. Óôçí ðåñßðôùóç
áõôÞ, ôï íá êñáôÞóåôå ôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/usr/obj</filename> áöïý Ý÷åôå ôåëåéþóåé, äåí Ý÷åé
êáé ðïëý íüçìá, åíþ áí ôïí óâÞóåôå èá êåñäßóåôå Ýíá ìåãÜëï
êïììÜôé åëåýèåñïõ ÷þñïõ (ôçí ðáñïýóá óôéãìÞ ðåñßðïõ
2 GB).</para>
<para>¼ìùò, áí îÝñåôå ôé êÜíåôå, ìðïñåßôå íá ïäçãÞóåôå ôï
<command>make buildworld</command> íá ðáñáëåßøåé áõôü ôï âÞìá.
Áõôü èá åðéôá÷ýíåé éäéáßôåñá ôéò íÝåò ìåôáãëùôôßóåéò, êáèþò
ôá ðåñéóóüôåñá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá äåí èá ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé
îáíÜ ìåôáãëþôôéóç. Ôï ìåéïíÝêôçìá åßíáé üôé ïñéóìÝíåò öïñÝò
åìöáíßæïíôáé ðñïâëÞìáôá ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ó÷Ýóç ìå ü÷é êáé ôüóï
åìöáíåßò åîáñôÞóåéò, êáé ìðïñåß íá ïäçãÞóïõí óå ìõóôçñéþäç
áðïôõ÷ßá ôçò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò. ÔÝôïéá ðñïâëÞìáôá óõ÷íÜ äçìéïõñãïýí
<quote>èüñõâï</quote> óôéò ëßóôåò ôïõ &os;, üôáí êÜðïéïò ÷ñÞóôçò
ðáñáðïíéÝôáé üôé ç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ áðïôõã÷Üíåé, ÷ùñßò íá
áíôéëáìâÜíåôáé üôé áõôü ïöåßëåôáé óôçí ðñïóðÜèåéá ôïõ íá
óõíôïìåýóåé ôçí äéáäéêáóßá.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>Ìðïñþ íá óõíå÷ßóù ìéá ìåôáãëþôôéóç ðïõ äéÝêïøá;</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Áõôü åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôï ðüóï Ý÷åôå ðñï÷ùñÞóåé óôç äéáäéêáóßá
ìÝ÷ñé ôç óôéãìÞ ðïõ âñÞêáôå ôï ðñüâëçìá.</para>
<para><emphasis>Óå ãåíéêÝò ãñáììÝò</emphasis> (êáé áõôüò äåí
åßíáé êáíüíáò ðïõ éó÷ýåé ðÜíôá), ç äéåñãáóßá ôïõ
<command>make buildworld</command> ìåôáãëùôôßæåé íÝá áíôßãñáöá
âáóéêþí åñãáëåßùí (üðùò ôá &man.gcc.1;, êáé &man.make.1;) êáèþò
êáé ôùí âéâëéïèçêþí óõóôÞìáôïò. ¸ðåéôá åãêáèéóôþíôáé áõôÜ
ôá åñãáëåßá êáé ïé âéâëéïèÞêåò. Ôá íÝá åñãáëåßá êáé
âéâëéïèÞêåò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé Ýðåéôá ãéá íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóïõí
ôïõò åáõôïýò ôïõò, êáé åãêáèßóôáíôáé îáíÜ. Ïëüêëçñï ôï óýóôçìá
(ôï ïðïßï ôþñá ðåñéëáìâÜíåé êáé ôá óõíçèéóìÝíá ðñïãñÜììáôá
÷ñÞóôç üðùò ôï &man.ls.1; Þ ôï &man.grep.1;)
åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßæåôáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôá íÝá áñ÷åßá ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>
<para>Áí âñßóêåóôå óôï ôåëåõôáßï óôÜäéï, ôï ïðïßï èá ôï ãíùñßæåôå
êïéôÜæïíôáò ôçí Ýîïäï ðïõ Ý÷åôå áðïèçêåýóåé, åßíáé ó÷åôéêÜ
áóöáëÝò íá êÜíåôå:</para>
<screen><emphasis>… fix the problem …</emphasis>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DNO_CLEAN all</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü äåí èá áíáéñÝóåôå ôçí åñãáóßá ðïõ Ý÷åé
ãßíåé áðü ôï ðñïçãïýìåíï
<command>make buildworld</command>.</para>
<para>Áí äåßôå ôï ìÞíõìá:</para>
<screen>--------------------------------------------------------------
Building everything..
--------------------------------------------------------------</screen>
<para>óôçí Ýîïäï ôçò åíôïëÞò <command>make buildworld</command>,
ôüôå åßíáé ìÜëëïí áóöáëÝò íá ðñï÷ùñÞóåôå ìå áõôü ôïí
ôñüðï.</para>
<para>Áí äåí äåßôå áõôü ôï ìÞíõìá, Þ áí äåí åßóôå óßãïõñïò, ôüôå
åßíáé êáëýôåñá íá êÜíåôå ðëÞñç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ðáñÜ íá ìåôáíéþíåôå
áñãüôåñá.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>Ðùò ìðïñþ íá åðéôá÷ýíù ôç ìåôáãëþôôéóç ôïõ âáóéêïý
óõóôÞìáôïò;</para>
</question>
<answer>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ÅêôåëÝóôå ôçí óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÂÜëôå ôïõò êáôáëüãïõò <filename>/usr/src</filename>
êáé <filename>/usr/obj</filename> óå äéáöïñåôéêÜ óõóôÞìáôá
áñ÷åßùí ôá ïðïßá âñßóêïíôáé êáé óå äéáöïñåôéêïýò öõóéêïýò
äßóêïõò. Áí åßíáé äõíáôüí, âÜëôå áõôïýò ôïõò äßóêïõò óå
÷ùñéóôïýò åëåãêôÝò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Áêüìá êáëýôåñá, ìïéñÜóôå áõôÜ ôá óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí
óå ðïëëáðëïýò äßóêïõò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï ðñüãñáììá
ïäÞãçóçò &man.ccd.4; (concatenated disk driver, ïäÞãçóçò
óõíåíùìÝíùí äßóêùí).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÁðåíåñãïðïéÞóôå ôï profiling (èÝóôå ôçí ìåôáâëçôÞ
<quote>NO_PROFILE=true</quote> óôï
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>). Åßíáé ó÷åäüí óßãïõñï
üôé äåí ôï ÷ñåéÜæåóôå.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>, èÝóôå
ôï <makevar>CFLAGS</makevar> óå êÜôé üðùò
<option>-O -pipe</option>. Ç âåëôéóôïðïßçóç
<option>-O2</option> ÷ñåéÜæåôáé áñêåôÜ ðåñéóóüôåñï ÷ñüíï,
êáé ç äéáöïñÜ áðüäïóçò ìåôáîý
<option>-O</option> êáé <option>-O2</option> åßíáé óõíÞèùò
áìåëçôÝá. Ôï <option>-pipe</option> åðéôñÝðåé óôïí
ìåôáãëùôôéóôÞ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé pipes ãéá åðéêïéíùíßá áíôß
ãéá ðñïóùñéíÜ áñ÷åßá. Áõôü êáôáíáëþíåé ðåñéóóüôåñç ìíÞìç,
áëëÜ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ëéãüôåñï ôï óêëçñü äßóêï.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>-j<replaceable>n</replaceable></option> óôï
&man.make.1; þóôå íá åêôåëïýíôáé ðáñÜëëçëá ðïëëáðëÝò
äéåñãáóßåò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò. Áõôü óõíÞèùò âïçèÜåé áêüìá êáé
óå ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ Ý÷åôå ìç÷Üíçìá ìå Ýíá åðåîåñãáóôÞ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå (Þ íá åðáíáðñïóáñôÞóåôå) ôï
óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí óôï ïðïßï åßíáé áðïèçêåõìÝíï ôï
<filename>/usr/src</filename> ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>noatime</option>. Áõôü áðïôñÝðåé ôçí êáôáãñáöÞ
çìåñïìçíßáò / þñáò ðñüóâáóçò óôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí. ÊáôÜ ðÜóá
ðéèáíüôçôá, äåí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå áõôÞ ôçí ðëçñïöïñßá Ýôóé êáé
áëëéþò.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -u -o noatime /usr/src</userinput></screen>
<warning>
<para>Ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ðñïûðïèÝôåé üôé Ý÷åôå ôï
<filename>/usr/src</filename> óôï äéêü ôïõ óýóôçìá
áñ÷åßùí. Áí áõôü äåí óõìâáßíåé (áí åßíáé ìÝñïò ôïõ
<filename>/usr</filename> ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá) èá ÷ñåéáóôåß
íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôü ôï óçìåßï ðñïóÜñôçóçò, êáé ü÷é
ôï <filename>/usr/src</filename>.</para>
</warning>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå (Þ íá åðáíáðñïóáñôÞóåôå) ôï
óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé ôï
<filename>/usr/obj</filename> ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ
<option>async</option>. Ìå ôïí ôñüðï áõôü, ïé åããñáöÝò óôï
äßóêï èá ãßíïíôáé áóýã÷ñïíá. Ìå Üëëá ëüãéá, ïé åããñáöÝò
öáßíåôáé üôé ïëïêëçñþíïíôáé Üìåóá, åíþ ç ðñáãìáôéêÞ åããñáöÞ
óôï äßóêï ãßíåôáé ëßãá äåõôåñüëåðôá áñãüôåñá. Áõôü
åðéôñÝðåé ôçí ïìáäïðïßçóç ôùí åããñáöþí, ôï ïðïßï ìðïñåß íá
ðñïóöÝñåé äñáìáôéêÞ âåëôßùóç áðüäïóçò.</para>
<warning>
<para>Íá Ý÷åôå õðüøéí óáò üôé áõôÞ ç åðéëïãÞ ìðïñåß íá
êÜíåé ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí óáò ðïëý ðéï åõáßóèçôï. Ìå ôçí
åðéëïãÞ áõôÞ, õðÜñ÷åé áõîçìÝíç ðéèáíüôçôá ôï óýóôçìá
áñ÷åßùí íá âñåèåß óå ìç
åðéóêåõÜóéìç êáôÜóôáóç áí õðÜñîåé äéáêïðÞ
ñåýìáôïò.</para>
<para>Áí ôï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí ðåñéÝ÷åé ìüíï ôï
<filename>/usr/obj</filename>, ôï ðáñáðÜíù äåí åßíáé
ðñüâëçìá. Áí ùóôüóï Ý÷åôå êáé Üëëá ðïëýôéìá äåäïìÝíá
óôï ßäéï óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí, óéãïõñåõôåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå
åíçìåñùìÝíá áíôßãñáöá áóöáëåßáò ðñéí åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå áõôÞ
ôçí åðéëïãÞ.</para>
</warning>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -u -o async /usr/obj</userinput></screen>
<warning>
<para>¼ðùò êáé ðñïçãïõìÝíùò, áí ôï
<filename>/usr/obj</filename> äåí åßíáé óýóôçìá áñ÷åßùí
áðü ìüíï ôïõ, áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôï óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ìå ôï
üíïìá ôïõ ðñáãìáôéêïý óçìåßïõ ðñïóÜñôçóçò.</para>
</warning>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question>
<para>Ôé íá êÜíù áí êÜôé ðÜåé óôñáâÜ;</para>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Óéãïõñåõôåßôå üôé ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí óáò äåí Ý÷åé õðïëåßììáôá
áðü ðñïçãïýìåíåò ìåôáãëùôôßóåéò. Áõôü åßíáé áñêåôÜ áðëü.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chflags -R noschg /usr/obj/usr</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rm -rf /usr/obj/usr</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make cleandir</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make cleandir</userinput></screen>
<para>Íáé, èá ðñÝðåé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
<command>make cleandir</command> äýï öïñÝò.</para>
<para>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå Ýðåéôá üëç ôç äéáäéêáóßá, îåêéíþíôáò ìå ôï
<command>make buildworld</command>.</para>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå áêüìá ðñïâëÞìáôá, óôåßëôå ôï ìÞíõìá ëÜèïõò êáé ôçí
Ýîïäï ôïõ <command>uname -a</command> óôçí &a.questions;. Íá
åßóôå ðñïåôïéìáóìÝíïé íá áðáíôÞóåôå åðéðëÝïí åñùôÞóåéò ó÷åôéêÜ
ìå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç óáò!</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
</qandaset>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="make-delete-old">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Anton</firstname>
<surname>Shterenlikht</surname>
<contrib>ÂáóéóìÝíï óå óçìåéþóåéò ðïõ ðáñåß÷å ï </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>ÄéáãñáöÞ Ðáñù÷çìÝíùí Áñ÷åßùí, Êáôáëüãùí êáé Âéâëéïèçêþí</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>Delete obsolete files, directories and libraries</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>ÊáôÜ ôçí óõíå÷Þ áíÜðôõîç ôïõ &os; åßíáé öõóéïëïãéêü êÜðïéá áñ÷åßá
êáôÜ êáéñïýò íá ÷áñáêôçñßæïíôáé ùò ðáñù÷çìÝíá. Áõôü ìðïñåß íá óõìâåß
áí ïé ëåéôïõñãßåò ðïõ ðáñåß÷áí õëïðïéïýíôáé ðëÝïí äéáöïñåôéêÜ, áí ï
ï áñéèìüò Ýêäïóçò ôçò âéâëéïèÞêçò Ý÷åé áëëÜîåé Þ áêüìá êáé áí Ý÷åé
äéáãñáöåß ïñéóôéêÜ áðü ôï óýóôçìá. Óôá áñ÷åßá áõôÜ ðåñéëáìâÜíïíôáé
åðßóçò âéâëéïèÞêåò êáôÜëïãïé ðïõ ðñÝðåé íá äéáãñáöïýí üôáí ãßíåôáé
áíáâÜèìéóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò. Ôï üöåëïò ãéá ôï ÷ñÞóôç åßíáé üôé ôï
óýóôçìá ôïõ äåí ãåìßæåé áðü ðáëéÜ áñ÷åßá ôá ïðïßá êáôáëáìâÜíïõí
Ü÷ñçóôï ÷þñï óôï ìÝóï áðïèÞêåõóçò êáé óôï backup. Åðéðñüóèåôá, áí
êÜðïéá ðáëéÜ âéâëéïèÞêç åß÷å ðñïâëÞìáôá óôáèåñüôçôáò Þ áóöÜëåéáò
èá ðñÝðåé íá ôçí áíáâáèìßóåôå ãéá íá êñáôÞóåôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò
óôáèôåñü êáé áóöáëÝò. Ôá áñ÷åßá, ïé êáôÜëïãïé êáé ïé âéâëéïèÞêåò ðïõ
èåùñïýíôáé ðáñù÷çìÝíåò öáßíïíôáé óôï
<filename>/usr/src/ObsoleteFiles.inc</filename>. Ïé ðáñáêÜôù ïäçãßåò
èá óáò âïçèÞóïõí íá äéáãñÜøåôå áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá êáôÜ ôç äéáäéêáóßá
áíáâÜèìéóçò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>
<para>ÕðïèÝôïõìå üôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôá âÞìáôá ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöïíôáé óôï
<xref linkend="canonical-build"/>. ÌåôÜ ôçí åðéôõ÷Þ åêôÝëóç ôçò åíôïëÞò
<command>make <maketarget>installworld</maketarget></command> êáé ôïõ
<command>mergemaster</command> ðïõ áêïëïõèåß, èá ðñÝðåé íá åëÝãîåôå ãéá
ðáñù÷çìÝíá áñ÷åßá êáé âéâëéïèÞêåò üðùò öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make check-old</userinput></screen>
<para>Áí âñåèïýí ðáñù÷çìÝíá áñ÷åßá, ìðïñåßôå íá ôá äéáãñÜøåôå ìå ôéò
ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make delete-old</userinput></screen>
<tip>
<para>Äåßôå ôï <filename>/usr/src/Makefile</filename> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò
åíäéáöÝñïõóåò åðéëïãÝò ôçò <command>make</command>.</para>
</tip>
<para>Ãéá êÜèå áñ÷åßï ðïõ èá äéáãñáöåß, èá óáò æçôçèåß íá åðéâåâáéþóåôå
ôçí åíÝñãåéá. Ìðïñåßôå íá ðáñáëåßøåôå ôçí åñþôçóç êáé íá áöÞóåôå ôï
óýóôçìá íá äéáãñÜøåé áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá áõôüìáôá ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí
ìåôáâëçôÞ ôïõ make <makevar>BATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES</makevar> ìå ôïí
ôñüðï ðïõ öáßíåôáé ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make -DBATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES delete-old</userinput></screen>
<warning>
<title>Ðñïåéäïðïßçóç</title>
<para>Ç äéáãñáöÞ ðáñù÷çìÝíùí áñ÷åßùí, èá ðñïêáëÝóåé äõóëåéôïõñãßá ôùí
åöáñìïãþí ðïõ åîáêïëïõèïýí íá âáóßæïíôáé óå áõôÜ. Áõôü óõìâáßíåé
éäéáßôåñá óå ðáëéÝò âéâëéïèÞêåò. Óôéò ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, èá
ðñÝðåé íá åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá, ports Þ âéâëéïèÞêåò ðïõ
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýóáí ôçí ðáëéÜ âéâëéïèÞêç ðñéí åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
<command>make <maketarget>delete-old-libs</maketarget></command>.</para>
</warning>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå ðñïãñÜììáôá ðïõ åëÝã÷ïõí ôéò åîáñôÞóåéò ôùí
êïéíü÷ñçóôùí âéâëéïèçêþí óôç ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports, óôï <filename
role="package">sysutils/libchk</filename> Þ <filename
role="package">sysuilts/bsdadminscripts</filename>.</para>
<para>Ïé ðáñù÷çìÝíåò êïéíü÷ñçóôåò âéâëéïèÞêåò ìðïñïýí íá äçìéïõñãÞóïõí
ðñïâëÞìáôá ëüãù óõãêñïýóåùí ìå íåþôåñåò åêäüóåéò. Óå áõôÝò ôéò
ðåñéðôþóåéò, èá äåßôåé ìçíýìáôá üðùò ôá ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>/usr/bin/ld: warning libz.so.4, needed by /usr/local/lib/libtiff.so, may conflict with libz.so.5
/usr/bin/ld: warning: librpcsvc.so.4, needed by /usr/local/lib/libXext.so may conflict with librpcsvc.so.5</screen>
<para>Ãéá íá åðéëýóåôå ôÝôïéïõ åßäïõò ðñïâëÞìáôá, âñåßôå ðïéï port
åãêáôÝóôçóå ôçí âéâëéïèÞêç:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -W /usr/local/lib/libtiff.so</userinput>
/usr/local/lib/libtiff.so was installed by package tiff-3.9.4
&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_info -W /usr/local/lib/libXext.so</userinput>
/usr/local/lib/libXext.so was installed by package libXext-1.1.1,1</screen>
<para>¸ðåéôá, áðåãêáôáóôÞóôå, åðáíáìåôáãëùôôßóôå êáé åðáíåãêáôáóÞóôå ôï
port. Ãéá íá áõôïìáôïðïéÞóåôå áõôÞ ôç äéáäéêáóßá ìðïñåßôå íá
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôá âïçèçôéêÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá <filename
role="package">ports-mgmt/portmaster</filename> êáé <filename
role="package">ports-mgmt/portupgrade</filename>. Áöïý âåâáéùèåßôå
üôé ïé ðáëéÝò âéâëéïèÞêåò äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ðëÝïí áðü êáíÝíá
ðñüãñáììá, ìðïñåßôå íá ôéò äéáãñÜøåôå ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make delete-old-libs</userinput></screen>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="small-lan">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Mike</firstname>
<surname>Meyer</surname>
<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>Äéáäéêáóßá ãéá ÐïëëáðëÜ Ìç÷áíÞìáôá</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>NFS</primary>
<secondary>installing multiple machines</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå ðïëëáðëÜ ìç÷áíÞìáôá óôá ïðïßá ðñüêåéôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
ôï ßäéï äÝíôñï ðçãáßïõ êþäéêá, åßíáé óðáôÜëç ðüñùí (äßóêïõ, äéêôýïõ êáé
åðåîåñãáóôÞ) íá åðáíáëáìâÜíåôå óå üëá ôç äéáäéêáóßá áíÜêôçóçò êáé
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò. Ç ëýóç åßíáé íá ïñßóåôå Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá íá åêôåëåß ôï
ìåãáëýôåñï ìÝñïò ôçò åñãáóßáò, åíþ ôá õðüëïéðá èá ìðïñïýí íá ôçí
áíáêôïýí ìÝóù NFS. Óôçí åíüôçôá áõôÞ èá ðáñïõóéÜóïõìå Ýíá ôñüðï ìå
ôïí ïðïßï ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé áõôü.</para>
<sect2 id="small-lan-preliminaries">
<title>ÐñïêáôáñêôéêÜ</title>
<para>Ðñþôá áðü üëá, áíáãíùñßóôå ôï óåô ôùí ìç÷áíçìÜôùí óôá ïðïßá
óêïðåýåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôá ßäéá åêôåëÝóéìá. Èá ïíïìÜóïõìå áõôÞ
ôçí ïìÜäá <emphasis>óåô ìåôáãëþôôéóçò</emphasis>. ÊÜèå ìç÷Üíçìá
ìðïñåß íá Ý÷åé äéêü ôïõ ðñïóáñìïóìÝíï ðõñÞíá, áëëÜ èá Ý÷ïõí üëá ôá
ßäéá åêôåëÝóéìá userland. Áðü ôï óåô áõôü, åðéëÝîôå Ýíá ìç÷Üíçìá ôï
ïðïßï èá ãßíåé ôï <emphasis>ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò</emphasis>.
Èá åßíáé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óôï ïðïßï èá ìåôáãëùôôßæåôáé ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá
êáé ï ðõñÞíáò. Ôï éäáíéêü åßíáé íá åðéëÝîåôå Ýíá ãñÞãïñï ìç÷Üíçìá,
óôï ïðïßï íá õðÜñ÷åé áñêåôüò åëåýèåñïò ÷ñüíïò óôïí åðåîåñãáóôÞ ãéá íá
åêôåëåß ôá <command>make buildworld</command> êáé
<command>make buildkernel</command>. Èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá åðéëÝîåôå
Ýíá <emphasis>ìç÷Üíçìá äïêéìþí</emphasis> óôï ïðïßï èá äïêéìÜæåôå ôéò
åíçìåñþóåéò ëïãéóìéêïý ðñéí ôéò ìåôáöÝñåôå óôçí ðáñáãùãÞ. Ìðïñåß íá
åßíáé êáé ôï ßäéï ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, áëëÜ áõôü äåí åßíáé
áðáñáßôçôï.</para>
<para>¼ëá ôá ìç÷áíÞìáôá óôï óåô ìåôáãëþôôéóçò ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
ðñïóáñôÞóïõí ôï <filename>/usr/obj</filename> êáé ôï
<filename>/usr/src</filename> áðü ôï ßäéï ìç÷Üíçìá, êáé óôï ßäéï
óçìåßï ðñïóÜñôçóçò. Ôï éäáíéêü åßíáé áõôÜ ôá äýï óõóôÞìáôá áñ÷åßùí
íá âñßóêïíôáé óå äéáöïñåôéêü öõóéêü äßóêï óôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò,
áëëÜ ìðïñåßôå íá ôá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå ìÝóù NFS áêüìá êáé óå áõôü ôï
ìç÷Üíçìá. Áí Ý÷åôå ðïëëáðëÜ óåô ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, ôï
<filename>/usr/src</filename> èá ðñÝðåé íá âñßóêåôáé óå Ýíá áðü ôá
ìç÷áíÞìáôá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, êáé íá ðñïóáñôÜôáé óôá õðüëïéðá ìÝóù
NFS.</para>
<para>ÔÝëïò, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôá áñ÷åßá
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> êáé
<filename>/etc/src.conf</filename> óå üëá ôá ìç÷áíÞìáôá ôïõ óåô
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, åßíáé ßäéá ìå ôá áíôßóôïé÷á óôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.
Áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò èá ðñÝðåé íá
ìåôáãëùôôßæåé üëá ôá ôìÞìáôá ôïõ âáóéêïý óõóôÞìáôïò ôá ïðïßá èá
åãêáôáóôáèïýí óå êÜèå ìç÷Üíçìá ôïõ óåô. Åðßóçò, óå êÜèå ìç÷Üíçìá
óôï óåô ìåôáãëþôôéóçò èá ðñÝðåé íá ïñéóôåß ôï üíïìá ôïõ äéêïý ôïõ
ðñïóáñìïóìÝíïõ ðõñÞíá ìÝóù ôçò ìåôáâëçôÞò
<makevar>KERNCONF</makevar> óôï <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>,
åíþ êáé ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åé ìéá ëßóôá üëùí
ôùí Üëëùí óôï <makevar>KERNCONF</makevar>, îåêéíþíôáò áðü ôï äéêü
ôïõ. Ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, èá ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åé ôá áñ÷åßá ñýèìéóçò
ôïõ ðõñÞíá üëùí ôùí Üëëùí ìç÷áíçìÜôùí óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/usr/src/sys/<replaceable>arch</replaceable>/conf</filename>
áí ðñüêåéôáé íá ìåôáãëùôôßæåé ôïõò ðõñÞíåò ôïõò.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="small-lan-base-system">
<title>Ôï Âáóéêü Óýóôçìá</title>
<para>¸÷ïíôáò ðñáãìáôïðïéÞóåé üëá ôá ðáñáðÜíù, åßóôå Ýôïéìïò íá
ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôá ðÜíôá. Ìåôáãëùôôßóôå ôïí ðõñÞíá êáé ôï âáóéêü
óýóôçìá üðùò ðåñéãñÜøáìå óôï <xref linkend="make-buildworld"/>
÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï ìç÷Üíçìá ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, áëëÜ ìçí åãêáôáóôÞóåôå
ôßðïôá. ÌåôÜ ôï ôÝëïò ôçò ìåôáãëþôôéóçò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ìç÷Üíçìá
äïêéìþí êáé åãêáôáóôÞóôå ôïí ðõñÞíá ðïõ ìüëéò äçìéïõñãÞóáôå. Áí ôï
ìç÷Üíçìá áõôü ðñïóáñôÜ ôï <filename>/usr/src</filename> êáé ôï
<filename>/usr/obj</filename> ìÝóù NFS, üôáí ôï åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå óå
êáôÜóôáóç åíüò ÷ñÞóôç, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï äßêôõï êáé
íá ôá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå. Ï åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá áõôü, åßíáé íá
åêêéíÞóåôå óå êáôÜóôáóç ðïëëáðëþí ÷ñçóôþí êáé Ýðåéôá íá åêôåëÝóåôå
<command>shutdown now</command> ãéá íá ìåôáâåßôå óå êáôÜóôáóç åíüò
÷ñÞóôç. Ìüëéò ãßíåé áõôü, ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôïí íÝï ðõñÞíá
êáé ôï âáóéêü óýóôçìá, êáé íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôï
<command>mergemaster</command> üðùò èá êÜíáôå óõíÞèùò. ¼ôáí
ôåëåéþóåôå, åðáíåêêéíÞóôå áõôü ôï ìç÷Üíçìá óôçí êáíïíéêÞ ëåéôïõñãßá
ðïëëáðëþí ÷ñçóôþí.</para>
<para>¼ôáí âåâáéùèåßôå üôé üëá ëåéôïõñãïýí óùóôÜ óôï ìç÷Üíçìá äïêéìþí,
÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí ßäéá äéáäéêáóßá ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï íÝï
ëïãéóìéêü óå êÜèå Ýíá áðü ôá õðüëïéðá ìç÷áíÞìáôá ôïõ óåô
ìåôáãëþôôéóçò.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="small-lan-ports">
<title>Ports</title>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôéò ßäéåò éäÝåò êáé ãéá ôï äÝíôñï
ôùí ports. Ôï ðñþôï êñßóéìï âÞìá åßíáé íá ðñïóáñôÞóåôå ôï
<filename>/usr/ports</filename> áðü ôï ßäéï ìç÷Üíçìá, óå üëá ôá
ìç÷áíÞìáôá ôïõ óåô ìåôáãëþôôéóçò. Ìðïñåßôå Ýðåéôá íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> þóôå íá äéáìïéñÜæïíôáé ôá
distfiles. Èá ðñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå ôï <makevar>DISTDIR</makevar> óå Ýíá
êïéíü÷ñçóôï êáôÜëïãï, óôïí ïðïßï èá äþóåôå äéêáéþìáôá åããñáöÞò óå
ïðïéïäÞðïôå ÷ñÞóôç Ý÷åôå äçëþóåé ùò <username>root</username> óôï
NFS. Óå êÜèå ìç÷Üíçìá èá ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá ïñéóôåß ç ìåôáâëçôÞ
<makevar>WRKDIRPREFIX</makevar> þóôå íá äåß÷íåé óå Ýíá ôïðéêü
êáôÜëïãï. ÔÝëïò, áí óêïðåýåôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßæåôå êáé íá äéáíÝìåôå
Ýôïéìá ðáêÝôá, èá ðñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå ôçí ìåôáâëçôÞ
<makevar>PACKAGES</makevar> óå Ýíá êáôÜëïãï, üðùò êÜíáôå êáé ìå ôçí
<makevar>DISTDIR</makevar>.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>