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Ôï Åã÷åéñßäéï ôïõ FreeBSD: Óõìâáôüôçôá ìå ÅêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ Linux
The FreeBSD Greek Documentation Project
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<chapter id="linuxemu">
<chapterinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Jim</firstname>
<surname>Mock</surname>
<contrib>ÁíáäïìÞèçêå êáé ìÝñç ôïõ áíáíåþèçêáí áðü ôïí </contrib>
</author>
<!-- 22 Mar 2000 -->
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Brian N.</firstname>
<surname>Handy</surname>
<contrib>Áñ÷éêÞ óõíåéóöïñÜ áðü ôïí </contrib>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Rich</firstname>
<surname>Murphey</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</chapterinfo>
<title>Óõìâáôüôçôá ìå ÅêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ Linux</title>
<sect1 id="linuxemu-synopsis">
<title>Óýíïøç</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>Óõìâáôüôçôá ìå åêôåëÝóéìá (binary) Linux</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>binary óõìâáôüôçôá</primary>
<secondary>Linux</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>óõìâáôüôçôá åêôåëÝóéìùí Linux</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>óõìâáôüôçôá åêôåëÝóéìùí</primary>
<secondary>Linux</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï &os; ðáñÝ÷åé binary óõìâáôüôçôá (åêôåëÝóéìùí) ìå áñêåôÜ Üëëá
ëåéôïõñãéêÜ ôýðïõ &unix;, óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíïõ êáé ôïõ Linux. Óå áõôü
ôï óçìåßï, ìðïñåß íá áíáñùôéÝóôå ãéáôß áêñéâþò ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ôï &os; íá
ìðïñåß íá ôñÝîåé åêôåëÝóéìá Linux; H áðÜíôçóç óå áõôÞ ôçí åñþôçóç åßíáé
áñêåôÜ áðëÞ. ÐïëëÝò åôáéñßåò êáé ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò áíáðôýóóïõí åöáñìïãÝò
ìüíï ãéá Linux, ìéá êáé åßíáé ðïëý <quote>ôçò ìüäáò</quote> óôï
êüóìï ôùí õðïëïãéóôþí. Áõôü áíáãêÜæåé åìÜò ôïõò õðüëïéðïõò, ðïõ
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýìå ôï &os;, íá ðéÝæïõìå ôéò ßäéåò áõôÝò åôáéñßåò êáé
ðñïãñáììáôéóôÝò íá äçìéïõñãÞóïõí êáíïíéêÝò åêäüóåéò ôùí åöáñìïãþí
ôïõò ãéá &os;. Ôï ðñüâëçìá åßíáé, üôé ïé ðåñéóóüôåñåò áðü áõôÝò ôéò
åôáéñßåò äåí áíôéëáìâÜíïíôáé ðñáãìáôéêÜ ðüóïé ðåñéóóüôåñïé Üíèñùðïé èá
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýóáí ôï ðñïúüí ôïõò áí åß÷áí åêäüóåéò êáé ãéá &os;, êáé ïé
ðåñéóóüôåñåò óõíå÷ßæïõí íá áíáðôýóóïõí ìüíï ãéá Linux. ¶ñá ôé ìðïñåß íá
êÜíåé Ýíáò ÷ñÞóôçò ôïõ &os;; Åäþ Ýñ÷åôáé íá âïçèÞóåé ç binary
óõìâáôüôçôá ôïõ &os; ìå ôï Linux.</para>
<para>Åí óõíôïìßá, ç óõìâáôüôçôá åðéôñÝðåé óôïõò ÷ñÞóôåò ôïõ &os; íá
åêôåëÝóïõí ðåñßðïõ ôï 90% üëùí ôùí Linux åöáñìïãþí ÷ùñßò ìåôáôñïðÝò.
Áõôü ðåñéëáìâÜíåé åöáñìïãÝò üðùò
ôï <application>&staroffice;</application>, ôçí Linux Ýêäïóç
ôïõ <application>&netscape;</application>,
<application>&adobe; &acrobat;</application>,
<application>&realplayer;</application>,
<application>&oracle;</application>,
<application>&wordperfect;</application>,
<application>Doom</application>,
<application>Quake</application>, êáé ðåñéóóüôåñá. ¸÷åé åðßóçò
áíáöåñèåß üôé óå êÜðïéåò ðåñéðôþóåéò, ôá åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ Linux Ý÷ïõí
êáëýôåñç áðüäïóç óôï &os; áðü üôé óôï Linux.</para>
<para>ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ùóôüóï êÜðïéá óõãêåêñéìÝíá ãéá ôï Linux óôïé÷åßá ôïõ
ëåéôïõñãéêïý ðïõ äåí õðïóôçñßæïíôáé óôï &os;. Ôá åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ Linux
äåí èá äïõëÝøïõí óôï &os; áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ðïëëÝò åîåéäéêåõìÝíåò
êëÞóåéò &i386;, üðùò ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá ôçí åíåñãïðïßçóç ôçò åéêïíéêÞò
êáôÜóôáóçò 8086.</para>
<para>Áöïý äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá îÝñåôå:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôçí óõìâáôüôçôá åêôåëÝóéìùí ìå ôï Linux
óôï óýóôçìá óáò.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ðñüóèåôåò êïéíü÷ñçóôåò âéâëéïèÞêåò ôïõ
Linux.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ðùò íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå åöáñìïãÝò ôïõ Linux óôï &os;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ôéò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ôçò õëïðïßçóçò ôçò óõìâáôüôçôáò ìå ôï Linux óôï
&os;.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Ðñéí äéáâÜóåôå áõôü ôï êåöÜëáéï, èá ðñÝðåé:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Íá ãíùñßæåôå ðùò èá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ðñüóèåôï ëïãéóìéêü
ôñßôïõ êáôáóêåõáóôÞ (<xref linkend="ports"/>).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="linuxemu-lbc-install">
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç</title>
<indexterm><primary>KLD (kernel loadable object)</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ç óõìâáôüôçôá ìå åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ Linux äåí åßíáé åíåñãÞ åî' áñ÷Þò. Ï
åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå áõôÞ ôç ëåéôïõñãßá åßíáé íá
öïñôþóåôå ôï KLD (Üñèñùìá) <literal>linux</literal> (<quote>Kernel
LoaDable object</quote>). Ìðïñåßôå íá öïñôþóåôå áõôü ôï Üñèñùìá óôïí
ðõñÞíá äßíïíôáò ôç ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ ùò <username>root</username>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload linux</userinput></screen>
<para>Áí èÝëåôå íá Ý÷åôå ðÜíôá åíåñãïðïéçìÝíç ôç óõìâáôüôçôá ìå Linux,
ôüôå èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôç ðáñáêÜôù ãñáììÞ óôï
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>linux_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>Ç åíôïëÞ &man.kldstat.8; ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá íá åëåã÷èåß
áí ôï KLD åßíáé öïñôùìÝíï:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>kldstat</userinput>
Id Refs Address Size Name
1 2 0xc0100000 16bdb8 kernel
7 1 0xc24db000 d000 linux.ko</screen>
<indexterm>
<primary>kernel options</primary>
<secondary>COMPAT_LINUX</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Áí ãéá êÜðïéï ëüãï äåí èÝëåôå Þ äå ìðïñåßôå íá öïñôþóåôå ôï KLD,
ôüôå ìðïñåßôå íá óõíäÝóåôå óôáôéêÜ ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç åêôåëÝóéìùí ôïõ Linux
óôïí ðõñÞíá ìå ôï íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ <literal>options
COMPAT_LINUX</literal> óôï áñ÷åßùí ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ ðõñÞíá. Óôç óõíÝ÷åéá
ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôïí íÝï ðõñÞíá üðùò ðåñéãñÜöåôáé óôï
<xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>.</para>
<sect2>
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí Linux Runtime Libraries</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>Linux</primary>
<secondary>åãêáôÜóôáóç âéâëéïèçêþí Linux</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Áõôü ìðïñåß íá ãßíåé ìå äýï ôñüðïõò. Åßôå ìå ôç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ
<link linkend="linuxemu-libs-port">linux_base-fc4</link> port, Þ
ìå <link linkend="linuxemu-libs-manually">÷åéñïêßíçôç</link>
åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõò.</para>
<sect3 id="linuxemu-libs-port">
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ìÝóù ôïõ linux_base Port</title>
<indexterm><primary>Ports Collection</primary></indexterm>
<para>Áõôüò åßíáé êáôÜ ãåíéêÞ ïìïëïãßá ï åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá ôçí
åãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí runtime libraries. Åßíáé ç ßäéá äéáäéêáóßá
åãêáôÜóôáóçò ðïõ áêïëïõèåßôáé êáé ãéá ïðïéïäÞðïôå Üëëï port áðü
ôç <link linkend="ports">ÓõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports</link>. ÁðëÜ êÜíôå ôï
ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base-f10</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make install distclean</userinput></screen>
<note>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå êÜðïéá Ýêäïóç ôïõ &os; ðñéí ôçí 8.0, èá
ðñÝðåé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï port <filename
role="package">emulators/linux_base-fc4</filename>
áíôß ãéá ôï <filename
role="package">emulators/linux_base-f10</filename>.</para>
</note>
<para>Èá ðñÝðåé ôþñá íá Ý÷åôå êáíïíéêÞ óõìâáôüôçôá ìå åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ
Linux. ÌåñéêÜ ðñïãñÜììáôá ðáñáðïíéïýíôáé üôé ïé âéâëéïèÞêåò
óõóôÞìáôïò (system libraries) äåí åßíáé óôç ôåëåõôáßá ôïõò Ýêäïóç.
ÃåíéêÜ üìùò, áõôü äåí áðïôåëåß êáíÝíá ðñüâëçìá.</para>
<note><para>Ìðïñïýí íá õðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëáðëÝò åêäüóåéò
ôïõ <filename role="package">emulators/linux_base</filename>, ðïõ íá
áíôéóôïé÷ïýí óôéò äéáöïñåôéêÝò åêäüóåéò ôùí äéáíïìþí Linux. Èá
ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå åãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí ports ðïõ ðñïáðáéôïýíôáé áðü ôéò
åöáñìïãÝò Linux ôéò ïðïßåò èÝëåôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå.</para></note>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="linuxemu-libs-manually">
<title>×åéñïêßíçôç åãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí Libraries</title>
<para>Áí äåí Ý÷åôå åãêáôáóôÞóåé ôçí óõëëïãÞ ôùí <quote>ports</quote>,
ìðïñåßôå íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôéò âéâëéïèÞêåò ÷åéñïêßíçôá. Èá
÷ñåéáóôåßôå ôá Linux shared libraries ôá ïðïßá áðáéôåß ôï ðñüãñáììá.
Åðßóçò, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå êáé Ýíáí êáôÜëïãï
<quote>shadow root</quote>, <filename>/compat/linux</filename>, ãéá
ôéò âéâëéïèÞêåò Linux ðïõ èá õðÜñ÷ïõí óôï &os;. ÏðïéáäÞðïôå êïéíÝò
âéâëéïèÞêåò (shared libraries) ïé ïðïßåò ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé áðü
åöáñìïãÝò Linux êáé åêôåëïýíôáé óôï &os; èá êïéôÜîïõí ðñþôá óå
áõôüí ôïí êáôÜëïãï. ÅðïìÝíùò, áí ìéá åöáñìïãÞ Linux öïñôþóåé ãéá
ðáñÜäåéãìá ôï <filename>/lib/libc.so</filename>, ôï &os; èá
ðñïóðáèÞóåé íá öïñôþóåé ðñþôá ôï
<filename>/compat/linux/lib/libc.so</filename>,
êáé áí áõôü äåí õðÜñ÷åé, ôüôå èá ðñïóðáèÞóåé íá öïñôþóåé
ôï <filename>/lib/libc.so</filename>. Ôá shared libraries èá ðñÝðåé
íá åãêáôáóôáèïýí óôï shadow
tree <filename>/compat/linux/lib</filename> áíôß ãéá ôéò ôïðïèåóßåò
ðïõ áíáöÝñåé ôï <command>ld.so</command> óôï Linux.</para>
<para>ÃåíéêÜ, ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí óôéò ðñþôåò óáò åãêáôáóôÜóåéò åöáñìïãþí
Linux, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá øÜîåôå ãéá ôéò êïéíÝò âéâëéïèÞêåò áðü ôá
áíôßóôïé÷á åêôåëÝóéìá. ÌåôÜ áðü êÜðïéï äéÜóôçìá èá Ý÷åôå Ýíá
éêáíïðïéçôéêü áñéèìü Linux shared libraries óôï óýóôçìÜ óáò êáé
ðëÝïí äå èá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé åðéðëÝïí åñãáóßá ðÝñá áðü ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò
åöáñìïãÞò.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç Ðñüóèåôùí Shared Libraries</title>
<indexterm><primary>shared libraries</primary></indexterm>
<para>Êáé ôé ãßíåôáé óôç ðåñßðôùóç ðïõ Ý÷åôå åãêáôáóôÞóåé
ôï <filename>linux_base</filename> port êáé ïé åöáñìïãÝò óáò áêüìç
ðáñáðïíéïýíôáé ãéá shared libraries ðïõ ëåßðïõí; Ðþò ìðïñåßôå íá
îÝñåôå ðïéá shared libraries ÷ñåéÜæåôáé êÜðïéá åöáñìïãÞ, êáé ðïõ
ìðïñåßôå íá ôá âñåßôå; ÂáóéêÜ, õðÜñ÷ïõí 2 åðéëïãÝò (ãéá íá
áêïëïõèÞóåôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù ïäçãßåò èá ðñÝðåé íá åßóôå
<username>root</username> óôï óýóôçìÜ óáò).</para>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå ðñüóâáóç óå êÜðïéï ìç÷Üíçìá Linux, ñßîôå ìéá ìáôéÜ óôá
shared libraries ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ìéá åöáñìïãÞ, êáé áíôéãñÜøôå ôá óôï
&os;. Äåßôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>
<informalexample>
<para>Áò õðïèÝóïõìå üôé êáôåâÜóáôå ìÝóù FTP ôï åêôåëÝóéìï ôïõ
<application>Doom</application> ãéá ôï Linux, êáé ôï âÜëáôå
óôï Linux óýóôçìá óôï ïðïßï Ý÷åôå ðñüóâáóç. Ìðïñåßôå óôç
óõíÝ÷åéá íá åëÝãîåôå ðïéá shared libraries ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ç åöáñìïãÞ
ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>ldd linuxdoom</command>, üðùò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>ldd linuxdoom</userinput>
libXt.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
libX11.so.3 (DLL Jump 3.1) => /usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) => /lib/libc.so.4.6.29</screen>
<indexterm><primary>symbolic links</primary></indexterm>
<para>Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ðÜñåôå üëá ôá áñ÷åßá áðü ôç ôåëåõôáßá óôÞëç,
êáé íá ôá áíôéãñÜøåôå óôïí
êáôÜëïãï <filename>/compat/linux</filename>, êáé íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå
ðñïò áõôÜ ôïõò áíôßóôïé÷ïõò óõìâïëéêïýò äåóìïýò (symbolic links)
ìå ôá ïíüìáôá ôçò ðñþôçò óôÞëçò. Áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé ðñáêôéêÜ,
èá Ý÷åôå áõôÜ ôá áñ÷åßá óôï óýóôçìá óáò:</para>
<screen>/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libXt.so.3 -> libXt.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/usr/X11/lib/libX11.so.3 -> libX11.so.3.1.0
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29</screen>
<blockquote>
<note>
<para>Óçìåéþóôå üôé áí Ý÷åôå Þäç êÜðïéï Linux shared library
ðïõ ï áñéèìüò Ýêäïóçò åßíáé ï ßäéïò ìå áõôüí ôçò ðñþôçò óôÞëçò
ôïõ <command>ldd</command>, äå èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áíôéãñÜøåôå ôï
áñ÷åßï üðùò áõôü ïíïìÜæåôáé óôç ôåëåõôáßá óôÞëç, ôá õðÜñ÷ïíôá
áñ÷åßá èá ðñÝðåé íá êÜíïõí ôç äïõëåéÜ ôïõò. Óáò óõìâïõëåýïõìå
üìùò íá áíôéãñÜøåôå ôï shared library áí åßíáé êÜðïéá íåüôåñç
Ýêäïóç. Ìðïñåßôå íá äéáãñÜøåôå ôá ðáëéÜ áñ÷åßá, áñêåß üìùò íá
áíáíåþóåôå ôïõò óõìâïëéêïýò äåóìïýò þóôå íá ïäçãïýí óôá íÝá
áñ÷åßá. ÅðïìÝíùò, áí Ý÷åôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù âéâëéïèÞêåò óôï
óýóôçìÜ óáò:</para>
<screen>/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.27
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.27</screen>
<para>êáé âñåßôå ìéá åöáñìïãÞ ç ïðïßá æçôÜåé ìéá íåüôåñç Ýêäïóç
ìÝóù ôïõ <command>ldd</command>:
</para>
<screen>libc.so.4 (DLL Jump 4.5pl26) -> libc.so.4.6.29</screen>
<para>Áí ç äéáöïñÜ ôçò Ýêäïóçò óôï ôåëåõôáßá øçößï åßíáé ìüíï
ìßáò Þ äýï åêäüóåùí, ôüôå ìçí óáò áðáó÷ïëåß ç áíôéãñáöÞ ôïõ
<filename>/lib/libc.so.4.6.29</filename>, ãéáôß ôï ðñüãñáììá
èá ðñÝðåé íá ôñÝ÷åé êáíïíéêÜ êáé ìå ôç ëßãï ðáëáéüôåñç Ýêäïóç.
Ðáñ' üëá áõôÜ, áí èÝëåôå, ìðïñåßôå íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï
<filename>libc.so</filename> êáé Ýôóé èá Ý÷åôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù:
</para>
<screen>/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4.6.29
/compat/linux/lib/libc.so.4 -> libc.so.4.6.29</screen>
</note>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<note>
<para>Ï ìç÷áíéóìüò ôùí óõìâïëéêþí óõíäÝóìùí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé
<emphasis>ìüíï</emphasis> ãéá ôéò åöáñìïãÝò ôïõ Linux. Ï
runtime linker ôïõ &os; êïéôÜåé ìüíïò ôïõ ãéá ôéò ðéï
ðñüóöáôåò åêäüóåéò ôùí âéâëéïèçêþí êáé Ýôóé äå ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá
óáò áðáó÷ïëåß.
</para>
</note>
</blockquote>
</informalexample>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôùí Linux ELF Binaries</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>Linux</primary>
<secondary>ELF binaries</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôá ELF binaries ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé ìåñéêÝò öïñÝò Ýíá áêüìá âÞìá, ôï
<quote>branding</quote>. Áí ðñïóðáèÞóåôå íá ôñÝîåôå Ýíá
åêôåëÝóéìï ELF ÷ùñßò branding, ôüôå èá óáò åìöáíéóôåß ôï ðáñáêÜôù
óöÜëìá:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>./my-linux-elf-binary</userinput>
ELF binary type not known
Abort</screen>
<para>Ãéá íá âïçèÞóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá ôïõ &os; íá îå÷ùñßóåé Ýíá ELF ôïõ
&os; áðü Ýíá ôïõ Linux, ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.brandelf.1;.
</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>brandelf -t Linux my-linux-elf-binary</userinput></screen>
<indexterm><primary>GNU toolchain</primary></indexterm>
<para>To GNU toolchain, ïìÜäá ðñüãñáììá GNU, ôïðïèåôåß ðëÝïí áõôüìáôá ôá
êáôÜëëçëá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêÜ óôá åêôåëÝóéìá ELF, åðïìÝíùò ôï ðáñáðÜíù âÞìá
èá ÷ñåéÜæåôáé üëï êáé ëéãüôåñï óôï ìÝëëïí.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ìéáò Ôõ÷áßáò Linux RPM ÅöáñìïãÞò</title>
<para>Ôï &os; äéáèÝôåé ôçí äéêÞ ôïõ âÜóç äåäïìÝíùí ãéá ôá ðáêÝôá,
ç ïðïßá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá üëá ôá ports (êáé ãéá áõôÜ ðïõ
ðñïÝñ÷ïíôáé áðü ôï &linux;). Ãéá ôï ëüãï áõôü, ç âÜóç äåäïìÝíùí
&linux; RPM äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé (äåí õðïóôçñßæåôáé).</para>
<para>Áí ùóôüóï ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ìéá ïðïéáäÞðïôå åöáñìïãÞ
ôïõ &linux; ðïõ âáóßæåôáé óå ðáêÝôï RPM, ìðïñåßôå íá ôï åðéôý÷åôå
ìå ôïí ðáñáêÜôù ôñüðï:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /compat/linux</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>rpm2cpio -q < /path/to/linux.archive.rpm | cpio -id</userinput></screen>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí &man.brandelf.1; ãéá íá ôõðïðïéÞóåôå
êáôÜëëçëá ôá åêôåëÝóéìá (ü÷é ôéò âéâëéïèÞêåò!) ùò åöáñìïãÝò &linux;.
Äåí èá ìðïñåßôå íá áðåãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôéò åöáñìïãÝò ìå êáèáñü ôñüðï,
áëëÜ èá ìðïñÝóåôå íá êÜíåôå ôéò äïêéìÝò ðïõ åðéèõìåßôå.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ Hostname Resolver</title>
<para>Áí ôï DNS äå äïõëåýåé Þ áí óáò åìöáíßæåôáé ôï ðáñáêÜôù
óöÜëìá:</para>
<screen>resolv+: "bind" is an invalid keyword resolv+:
"hosts" is an invalid keyword</screen>
<para>Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ñõèìßóåôå
ôï <filename>/compat/linux/etc/host.conf</filename> þóôå íá ðåñéÝ÷åé:
</para>
<programlisting>order hosts, bind
multi on</programlisting>
<para>Ç óåéñÜ åäþ äçëþíåé üôé áñ÷éêÜ åëÝã÷åôáé ôï
áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> êáé óôç óõíÝ÷åéá ï DNS server.
¼ôáí ôï <filename>/compat/linux/etc/host.conf</filename> äåí åßíáé
äéáèÝóéìï, ïé åöáñìïãÝò Linux ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí ôï
<filename>/etc/host.conf</filename> ôïõ &os; êáé ðáñáðïíéïýíôáé üôé
ç óýíôáîç ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ äåí åßíáé óùóôÞ. Èá ðñÝðåé íá áöáéñÝóåôå
ôçí áíáöïñÜ óôï <literal>bind</literal> áí äåí Ý÷åôå ñõèìßóåé Ýíá
name server ìÝóù ôïõ <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="linuxemu-mathematica">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Boris</firstname>
<surname>Hollas</surname>
<contrib>Áíáíåþèçêå ãéá ôï Mathematica 5.X áðü ôïí </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>Åãêáèéóôþíôáò ôï &mathematica;</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>applications</primary>
<secondary><application>Mathematica</application></secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï êåßìåíï áõôü ðåñéãñÜöåé ôç äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôçò Ýêäïóçò
Linux ôïõ <application>&mathematica; 5.X</application> óå Ýíá
óýóôçìá &os;.</para>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá áãïñÜóåôå ôçí êáíïíéêÞ Þ ìáèçôéêÞ Ýêäïóç ôïõ
<application>&mathematica;</application> ãéá Linux, áðåõèåßáò áðü ôç
Wolfram óôï <ulink url="http://www.wolfram.com/"></ulink>.</para>
<sect2>
<title>Ôï Ðñüãñáììá ÅãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ &mathematica;</title>
<para>Áñ÷éêÜ, èá ðñÝðåé íá ðåßôå óôï &os; üôé ôá åêôåëÝóéìá ãéá Linux
ôïõ <application>&mathematica;</application> êÜíïõí ÷ñÞóç ôïõ Linux
ABI. Ï åõêïëüôåñïò ôñüðïò ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå áõôü åßíáé íá ïñßóåôå ôïí
ôýðï ôïõ ELF ùò Linux óå üëåò ôéò åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ äåí åßíáé Þäç
branded, êÜíïíôáò ÷ñÞóç ôçò åíôïëÞò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.fallback_elf_brand=3</userinput></screen>
<para>Áõôü èá êÜíåé ôï &os; íá õðïèÝóåé üôé ôá åêôåëÝóéìá ELF ðïõ äåí
åßíáé branded, êÜíïõí ÷ñÞóç ôïõ Linux ABI êáé Ýôóé èá ìðïñåßôå íá
ôñÝîåôå ôï ðñüãñáììá ôçò åãêáôÜóôáóçò áðåõèåßáò áðü ôï CDROM.</para>
<para>Ôþñá, áíôéãñÜøôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>MathInstaller</filename>
óôïí óêëçñü óáò äßóêï:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /cdrom</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp /cdrom/Unix/Installers/Linux/MathInstaller /localdir/</userinput></screen>
<para>Áíïßîôå ôï áñ÷åßï êáé áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôï <literal>/bin/sh</literal>
óôç ðñþôç ãñáììÞ ìå ôï <literal>/compat/linux/bin/sh</literal>. Áõôü
èá óéãïõñÝøåé üôé ôï ðñüãñáììá åãêáôÜóôáóçò èá ôñÝ÷åé ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç
&man.sh.1; ãéá Linux. Óôç óõíÝ÷åéá, áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå üëåò ôéò åããñáöÝò
<literal>Linux)</literal> ìå <literal>&os;)</literal> ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò
Ýíáí óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ Þ ìå ôï ðáñáêÜôù script óôçí åðüìåíç åíüôçôá.
Áõôü èá ðåé óôï ðñüãñáììá åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôïõ
<application>&mathematica;</application>,
ôï ïðïßï ôñÝ÷åé ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>uname -s</command> ãéá íá
äéáðéóôþóåé ôï ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá,
íá áíôéìåôùðßóåé ôï &os; óáí Ýíá ëåéôïõñãéêü ðáñåìöåñÝò ìå ôï Linux.
Ç åêôÝëåóç ôïõ <command>MathInstaller</command> èá îåêéíÞóåé ôþñá ôçí
åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ <application>&mathematica;</application>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Ôñïðïðïéþíôáò ôá ÅêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ &mathematica;</title>
<para>Ôá shell scripts ôá ïðïßá äçìéïõñãåß
ôï <application>&mathematica;</application> êáôÜ ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò
åãêáôÜóôáóçò ðñÝðåé íá ôñïðïðïéçèïýí ðñéí ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí. Áí
åðéëÝîåôå ôï <filename class="directory">/usr/local/bin</filename> ùò
ôïí êáôÜëïãï ãéá ôá åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ
<application>&mathematica;</application>, èá âñåßôå åêåß
óõìâïëéêïýò äåóìïýò (symlinks) ðñïò ôá áñ÷åßá
<filename>math</filename>, <filename>mathematica</filename>,
<filename>Mathematica</filename>, êáé
<filename>MathKernel</filename>. Óå êÜèå ðåñßðôùóç áðü ôéò ðáñáðÜíù,
áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå ôéò åããñáöÝò
<literal>Linux)</literal> ìå <literal>&os;)</literal> ìå êÜðïéïí
óõíôÜêôç êåéìÝíïõ Þ ìå ôï ðáñáêÜôù shell script:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
cd /usr/local/bin
for i in math mathematica Mathematica MathKernel
do sed 's/Linux)/&os;)/g' $i > $i.tmp
sed 's/\/bin\/sh/\/compat\/linux\/bin\/sh/g' $i.tmp > $i
rm $i.tmp
chmod a+x $i
done</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Áðïêôþíôáò Êùäéêü ãéá ôï &mathematica;</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>Ethernet</primary>
<secondary>MAC address</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>¼ôáí åêêéíÞóåôå ôï <application>&mathematica;</application> ãéá
ðñþôç öïñÜ, èá åñùôçèåßôå ãéá Ýíáí êùäéêü. Áí äåí Ý÷åôå êÜðïéïí
êùäéêü óå áõôü ôï óôÜäéï, ôñÝîôå ôï ðñüãñáììá
<command>mathinfo</command> ðïõ âñßóêåôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï åãêáôÜóôáóçò
ãéá íá óáò äïèåß ôï <quote>machine ID</quote>. Ôï "machine ID" åßíáé
åî' ïëïêëÞñïõ âáóéóìÝíï óôç äéåýèõíóç MAC ôçò êÜñôáò äéêôýïõ ðïõ
Ý÷åôå. Áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé äåí ìðïñåßôå íá ôñÝîåôå ôï
<application>&mathematica;</application> óå Üëëïõò õðïëïãéóôÝò.
</para>
<para>¼ôáí åããñáöåßôå óôç Wolfram, ìå e-mail, ôçëÝöùíï Þ fax, èá
÷ñåéáóôåß íá äþóåôå ôï <quote>machine ID</quote> êáé èá óáò áðáíôÞóïõí
ìå Ýíáí áíôßóôïé÷ï êùäéêü ðïõ èá áðïôåëåßôáé áðü ìéá óåéñÜ áñéèìþí.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÔñÝ÷ïíôáò ôï &mathematica; Frontend ìÝóù Äéêôýïõ</title>
<para>Ôï <application>&mathematica;</application> êÜíåé ÷ñÞóç êÜðïéùí
åéäéêþí ãñáììáôïóåéñþí ãéá íá åìöáíßóåé ÷áñáêôÞñåò ïé ïðïßïé äåí
õðÜñ÷ïõí óôá óõíçèéóìÝíá óåô (ïëïêëçñþìáôá, áèñïßóìáôá, ÅëëçíéêÜ
ãñÜììáôá, êëð). To ðñùôüêïëëï X áðáéôåß áõôÝò ïé
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò íá õðÜñ÷ïõí óôï <emphasis>ôïðéêü</emphasis> óýóôçìá.
Áõôü óçìáßíåé üôé èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áíôéãñÜøåôå ôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò áõôÝò
áðü ôï CDROM Þ áðü áðü êÜðïéïí Üëëïí õðïëïãéóôÞ ðïõ Ý÷åé
ôï <application>&mathematica;</application>. ÓõíÞèùò áõôÝò ïé
ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò ìðïñïýí íá âñåèïýí ìÝóá óôï êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts</filename> ôïõ
CDROM, Þ óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/usr/local/mathematica/SystemFiles/Fonts</filename> óôïí
ôïðéêü óêëçñü äßóêï. Ïé ðñáãìáôéêÝò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò âñßóêïíôáé óå
õðïêáôáëüãïõò üðùò <filename>Type1</filename> êáé
<filename>X</filename>. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí áñêåôïß ôñüðïé
íá ôéò ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå, ïé ïðïßïé ðåñéãñÜöïíôáé óôç óõíÝ÷åéá.</para>
<para>Ï ðñþôïò ôñüðïò åßíáé íá ôéò áíôéãñÜøåôå ìÝóá óå Ýíáí õðÜñ÷ïíôá
êáôÜëïãï óôï <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</filename>. Èá
÷ñåéáóôåß üìùò íá ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå ôï
áñ÷åßï <filename>fonts.dir</filename>, þóôå íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôá ïíüìáôá
ôùí ãñáììáôïóåéñþí ìÝóá óå áõôü, êáé íá áëëÜîåôå ôïí áñéèìü ôùí
ãñáììáôïóåéñþí óôç ðñþôç ãñáììÞ. ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, åßíáé óõíÞèùò áñêåôü
íá åêôåëÝóåôå áðëþò ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.mkfontdir.1; ìÝóá óôïí êáôÜëïãï
ðïõ Ý÷åôå áíôéãñÜøåé ôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò.
</para>
<para>Ï äåýôåñïò ôñüðïò åßíáé íá áíôéãñÜøåôå ôïõò ðáñáðÜíù êáôáëüãïõò
ìÝóá óôï <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</filename>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir X</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir MathType1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/Unix/Files/SystemFiles/Fonts</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp X/* /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp Type1/* /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/MathType1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mkfontdir</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd ../MathType1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>mkfontdir</userinput></screen>
<para>Ôþñá ðñïóèÝóôå ôïõò íÝïõò êáôáëüãïõò ìå ôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò óôï
font path:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/X</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>xset fp+ /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/MathType1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>xset fp rehash</userinput></screen>
<para>Áí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï <application>&xorg;</application>, ìðïñåßôå
íá öïñôþíåôå ôéò ãñáììáôïóåéñÝò áõôÝò áõôüìáôá, ðñïóèÝôïíôáò ôïõò
íÝïõò êáôáëüãïõò óôï áñ÷åßï <filename>xorg.conf</filename>.
</para>
<indexterm><primary>fonts</primary></indexterm>
<para>Áí <emphasis>äåí</emphasis> Ý÷åôå Þäç Ýíáí êáôÜëïãï ìå ôï
üíïìá <filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1</filename>, ìðïñåßôå íá
áëëÜîåôå ôï üíïìá ôïõ <filename>MathType1</filename> áðü ôï ðáñáðÜíù
ðáñÜäåéãìá óå <filename>Type1</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="linuxemu-maple">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Aaron</firstname>
<surname>Kaplan</surname>
<!-- <address><email>aaron@lo-res.org</email></address> -->
<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Robert</firstname>
<surname>Getschmann</surname>
<!-- <address><email>rob@getschmann.org</email></address> -->
<contrib>Åõ÷áñéóôßåò óôïí </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>Åãêáèéóôþíôáò ôï &maple;</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>applications</primary>
<secondary><application>Maple</application></secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï <application>&maple;</application> åßíáé ìßá åìðïñéêÞ åöáñìïãÞ
ìáèçìáôéêþí ðáñüìïéá ìå ôï <application>&mathematica;</application>. Èá
ðñÝðåé íá áãïñÜóåôå ôï ëïãéóìéêü áðü
ôï <ulink url="http://www.maplesoft.com/"></ulink> êáé óôç óõíÝ÷åéá íá
êÜíåôå áßôçóç ãéá ìéá Üäåéá ÷ñÞóçò. Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ëïãéóìéêü
óôï &os;, áêïëïõèÞóôå ôá ðáñáêÜôù áðëÜ âÞìáôá.
</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>ÅêôåëÝóôå ôï <filename>INSTALL</filename> shell script áðü ôï
ìÝóï åãêáôÜóôáóçò ðïõ Ý÷åôå. ÅðéëÝîôå <quote>RedHat</quote> üôáí
åñùôçèåßôå áðü ôï ðñüãñáììá åãêáôÜóôáóçò. Ï ôõðéêüò êáôÜëïãïò
åßíáé ï <filename class="directory">/usr/local/maple</filename>.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Áí äåí Ý÷åôå áãïñÜóåé áêüìç êÜðïéá Üäåéá ãéá
ôï <application>&maple;</application>, áãïñÜóôå ìßá áðü ôï
Maple Waterloo Software
(<ulink url="http://register.maplesoft.com/"></ulink>) êáé
áíôéãñÜøôå ôï áñ÷åßï ðïõ èá óáò äïèåß
óôï <filename>/usr/local/maple/license/license.dat</filename>.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÅãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï <application>FLEXlm</application> license
manager åêôåëþíôáò ôï <filename>INSTALL_LIC</filename> shell
script ôï ïðïßá ðáñÝ÷åôáé ìáæß ìå
ôï <application>&maple;</application>. Äþóôå ôï âáóéêü üíïìá ôïõ
õðïëïãéóôÞ óáò ôï ïðïßï áðáéôåßôáé áðü ôïí
åîõðçñåôçôÞ äéá÷åßñéóçò ôùí áäåéþí (license server).</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù patch óôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/usr/local/maple/bin/maple.system.type</filename>:
</para>
<programlisting> ----- snip ------------------
*** maple.system.type.orig Sun Jul 8 16:35:33 2001
--- maple.system.type Sun Jul 8 16:35:51 2001
***************
*** 72,77 ****
--- 72,78 ----
# the IBM RS/6000 AIX case
MAPLE_BIN="bin.IBM_RISC_UNIX"
;;
+ "FreeBSD"|\
"Linux")
# the Linux/x86 case
# We have two Linux implementations, one for Red Hat and
----- snip end of patch -----</programlisting>
<para>Óçìåéþóôå üôé ìåôÜ ôï <literal>"FreeBSD"|\</literal>
äåí ðñÝðåé íá åìöáíßæåôáé Üëëï êåíü äéÜóôçìá.</para>
<para>Ôï patch áõôü ïäçãåß ôï <application>&maple;</application> íá
áíáãíùñßóåé ôï <quote>&os;</quote> óáí Ýíá óýóôçìá Linux.
Ôï <filename>bin/maple</filename> shell script êáëåß ôï
<filename>bin/maple.system.type</filename> shell script, ôï ïðïßï ìå
ôç óåéñÜ ôïõ êáëåß ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>uname -a</command>
ðñïêåéìÝíïõ íá åíôïðéóôåß ôï üíïìá ôïõ ëåéôïõñãéêïý
óõóôÞìáôïò. Áíáëüãùò ìå ôï ðïéï ëåéôïõñãéêü âñåèåß, èá
÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí êáé ôá áíôßóôïé÷á åêôåëÝóéìá áñ÷åßá.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÅêêéíÞóôå ôïí license server.</para>
<para>¸íáò âïëéêüò ôñüðïò ãéá íá åêêéíÞóåôå ôï<command>lmgrd</command>
åßíáé ôï áêüëïõèï script ðïõ âñßóêåôáé óôï
<filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/lmgrd.sh</filename>:</para>
<programlisting> ----- snip ------------
#! /bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/maple/bin:/usr/local/maple/FLEXlm/UNIX/LINUX
export PATH
LICENSE_FILE=/usr/local/maple/license/license.dat
LOG=/var/log/lmgrd.log
case "$1" in
start)
lmgrd -c ${LICENSE_FILE} 2>> ${LOG} 1>&2
echo -n " lmgrd"
;;
stop)
lmgrd -c ${LICENSE_FILE} -x lmdown 2>> ${LOG} 1>&2
;;
*)
echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" 1>&2
exit 64
;;
esac
exit 0
----- snip ------------</programlisting></step>
<step>
<para>ÄïêéìÞ ôïõ <application>&maple;</application>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cd /usr/local/maple/bin</userinput>
&prompt.user; <userinput>./xmaple</userinput></screen>
<para>Óå áõôü ôï óçìåßï èá ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé üëá Ýôïéìá êáé íá ìçí Ý÷åôå
êáíÝíá ðñüâëçìá. Ìçí îå÷Üóåôå üìùò íá óôåßëåôå Ýíá e-mail óôç
Maplesoft êáé íá ôïõò ðåßôå üôé èÝëåôå ìéá Ýêäïóç ðïõ íá
õðïóôçñßæåôáé åðßóçìá óôï &os;.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<sect2>
<title>ÓõíçèéóìÝíá ÐñïâëÞìáôá</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ºóùò äõóêïëåõôåßôå ìå ôçí ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõ
<application>FLEXlm</application> license manager. ÅðéðëÝïí
ôåêìçñßùóç ìðïñåßôå íá âñåßôå
óôï <ulink url="http://www.globetrotter.com/"></ulink>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ôï <command>lmgrd</command> åßíáé ãíùóôü üôé èÝëåé ôï áñ÷åßï
ôçò Üäåéáò íá Ý÷åé óõãêåêñéìÝíç ìïñöÞ áëëéþò ç åêôÝëåóç ôïõ èá
áðïôý÷åé. ¸íá óùóôü áñ÷åßï Üäåéáò ÷ñÞóçò ðñÝðåé åßíáé óå ãåíéêÝò
ãñáììÝò üðùò ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting># =======================================================
# License File for UNIX Installations ("Pointer File")
# =======================================================
SERVER chillig ANY
#USE_SERVER
VENDOR maplelmg
FEATURE Maple maplelmg 2000.0831 permanent 1 XXXXXXXXXXXX \
PLATFORMS=i86_r ISSUER="Waterloo Maple Inc." \
ISSUED=11-may-2000 NOTICE=" Technische Universitat Wien" \
SN=XXXXXXXXX</programlisting>
<note>
<para>Ï óåéñéáêüò áñéèìüò êáé ôï êëåéäß öáßíïíôáé åäþ ìå
'X'. Ôï <hostid>chillig</hostid> åßíáé ôï üíïìá ôïõ
óõóôÞìáôïò.</para>
</note>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï ôçò Üäåéáò ÷ñÞóçò, áñêåß
íá ìçí áëëÜîåôå ôçí ãñáììÞ <quote>FEATURE</quote> (ç ïðïßá
ðñïóôáôåýåôáé áðü ôï êëåéäß ôçò Üäåéáò).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="linuxemu-matlab">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Dan</firstname>
<surname>Pelleg</surname>
<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
<!-- daniel+handbook@pelleg.org -->
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>Åãêáèéóôþíôáò ôï &matlab;</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>applications</primary>
<secondary><application>MATLAB</application></secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>Ôï êåßìåíï áõôü ðåñéãñÜöåé ôç äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôçò Linux
Ýêäïóçò ôïõ <application>&matlab; 6.5</application> óå Ýíá óýóôçìá &os;.
Äïõëåýåé áñêåôÜ êáëÜ, ìå åîáßñåóç
ôï <application>&java.virtual.machine;</application> (äåßôå óôï
<xref linkend="matlab-jre"/>).</para>
<para>Ç Linux Ýêäïóç ôïõ <application>&matlab;</application> ìðïñåß íá
áãïñáóôåß áðåõèåßáò áðü ôçí åôáéñåßá The MathWorks
óôï <ulink url="http://www.mathworks.com"></ulink>. Óéãïõñåõôåßôå üôé
ðÞñáôå êáé ôï áñ÷åßï ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé ôçí Üäåéá ÷ñÞóçò Þ ïäçãßåò ãéá ôï ðùò
íá ôï äçìéïõñãÞóåôå. Ìéá êáé èá åðéêïéíùíÞóåôå ìå ôçí åôáéñåßá, ðåßôå
ôïõò üôé èá èÝëáôå íá õðÜñ÷åé åðßóçò õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá ôï &os;.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ &matlab;</title>
<para>Ãéá íá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï <application>&matlab;</application>, êÜíôå
ôá ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>ÅéóÜãåôå ôï CD êáé ðñïóáñôÞóôå ôï óôï óýóôçìá óáò. Óõíäåèåßôå
ùò ÷ñÞóôçò <username>root</username>, üðùò óõíéóôÜ ôï script ôçò
åãêáôÜóôáóçò. Ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôï script ôçò åãêáôÜóôáóçò äþóôå
ôçí åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/compat/linux/bin/sh /cdrom/install</userinput></screen>
<tip>
<para>Ôï ðñüãñáììá ôçò åãêáôÜóôáóçò åßíáé óå ãñáöéêü
ðåñéâÜëëïí. Áí ëáìâÜíåôå óöÜëìáôá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí ïèüíç, äþóôå
ôçí åíôïëÞ: <command>setenv HOME ~<replaceable>USER</replaceable></command>,
üðïõ <replaceable>USER</replaceable> åßíáé ï ÷ñÞóôçò áðü üðïõ
äþóáôå ôçí åíôïëÞ &man.su.1;.</para>
</tip>
</step>
<step>
<para>
¼ôáí åñùôçèåßôå ãéá ôïí êáôÜëïãï
ôïõ <application>&matlab;</application>, äþóôå:
<userinput>/compat/linux/usr/local/matlab</userinput>.</para>
<tip>
<para>Ãéá åõêïëüôåñç äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò, ïñßóôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù:
<command>set MATLAB=/compat/linux/usr/local/matlab</command>
óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí ôïõ êåëýöïõò óáò.</para>
</tip>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÔñïðïðïéÞóåôå ôï áñ÷åßï ôçò Üäåéáò (license file) óýìöùíá ìå
ôéò ïäçãßåò ðïõ ëÜâáôå ìå ôçí Üäåéá
ôïõ <application>&matlab;</application>.</para>
<tip>
<para>Ìðïñåßôå íá åôïéìÜóåôå åê ôùí ðñïôÝñùí ôï áñ÷åßï áõôü êáé íá
ôï áíôéãñÜøåôå óôï <filename>$MATLAB/license.dat</filename>,
ðñéí êáí óáò ðåé ôï ðñüãñáììá åãêáôÜóôáóçò íá ôï
ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå.</para>
</tip>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÏëïêëÞñùóç ôçò ÅãêáôÜóôáóçò</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>Óå áõôü ôï óçìåßï, ç åãêáôÜóôáóç
ôïõ <application>&matlab;</application> Ý÷åé ïëïêëçñùèåß. Ôá åðüìåíá
âÞìáôá ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé ãéá íá ìðïñÝóåôå íá ôï äïõëÝøåôå óùóôÜ ìå ôï
&os;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Åêêßíçóç ôïõ License Manager</title>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>Äçìéïõñãßá óõìâïëéêþí óõíäÝóìùí ãéá ôá scripts ôïõ license
manager:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s $MATLAB/etc/lmboot /usr/local/etc/lmboot_TMW</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ln -s $MATLAB/etc/lmdown /usr/local/etc/lmdown_TMW</userinput></screen>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ôï áñ÷åßï
åêêßíçóçò <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh</filename>. Ôï
ðáñÜäåéãìá ðáñáêÜôù åßíáé ìéá ôñïðïðïéçìÝíç Ýêäïóç ôïõ
<filename>$MATLAB/etc/rc.lm.glnx86</filename>. Ïé áëëáãÝò
åßíáé óôéò ôïðïèåóßåò ôùí áñ÷åßùí, êáé óôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ license
manager óôï ðåñéâÜëëïí åîïìïßùóçò Linux ôïõ &os; .</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
case "$1" in
start)
if [ -f /usr/local/etc/lmboot_TMW ]; then
/compat/linux/bin/sh /usr/local/etc/lmboot_TMW -u <replaceable>username</replaceable> && echo 'MATLAB_lmgrd'
fi
;;
stop)
if [ -f /usr/local/etc/lmdown_TMW ]; then
/compat/linux/bin/sh /usr/local/etc/lmdown_TMW > /dev/null 2>&1
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0</programlisting>
<important>
<para>Ôï áñ÷åßï ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé åêôåëÝóéìï:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod +x /usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh</userinput></screen>
<para>ÐñÝðåé åðßóçò íá áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ôï ðáñáðÜíù
<replaceable>username</replaceable> ìå Ýíá õðáñêôü üíïìá
÷ñÞóôç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò óáò (êáé íá ìçí åßíáé ï
<username>root</username>).</para>
</important>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÅêêéíÞóôå ôïí license manager ìå ôçí åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/flexlm.sh start</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="matlab-jre">
<title>Óýíäåóç ìå ôï ÐåñéâÜëëïí ôïõ &java; Runtime Environment</title>
<para>ÁëëÜîôå ôïí óýíäåóìï ôïõ<application>&java;</application> Runtime
Environment (JRE) óå Ýíáí ï ïðïßïò èá äïõëåýåé óôï &os;:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd $MATLAB/sys/java/jre/glnx86/</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>unlink jre; ln -s ./jre1.1.8 ./jre</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ôï Script Åêêßíçóçò ôïõ &matlab; </title>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>ÔïðïèåôÞóôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù script óôï
<filename>/usr/local/bin/matlab</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
/compat/linux/bin/sh /compat/linux/usr/local/matlab/bin/matlab "$@"</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>Óôç óõíÝ÷åéá äþóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ
<command>chmod +x /usr/local/bin/matlab</command>.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<tip>
<para>ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç ôïõ
<filename role="package">emulators/linux_base</filename>, ðïõ Ý÷åôå,
ìðïñåß íá åìöáíéóôïýí ìåñéêÜ óöÜëìáôá üôáí ôñÝîåôå ôï
script. Ãéá íá ôï áðïöýãåôå áõôü, ôñïðïðïéÞóôå ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/compat/linux/usr/local/matlab/bin/matlab</filename>,
êáé áëëÜîôå ôç ãñáììÞ ðïõ ëÝåé:</para>
<programlisting>if [ `expr "$lscmd" : '.*->.*'` -ne 0 ]; then</programlisting>
<para>(óôçí Ýêäïóç 13.0.1 âñßóêåôáé óôç ãñáììÞ 410) óå áõôÞ ôç
ãñáììÞ:</para>
<programlisting>if test -L $newbase; then</programlisting>
</tip>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Äçìéïõñãßá Script Ôåñìáôéóìïý ôïõ &matlab; </title>
<para>Ôá åðüìåíá âÞìáôá ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé ãéá íá ëýóåôå Ýíá ðñüâëçìá ðïõ
õðÜñ÷åé ìå ôïí ôåñìáôéóìü ôïõ &matlab;.</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ôï
áñ÷åßï <filename>$MATLAB/toolbox/local/finish.m</filename>, êáé
ìÝóá óå áõôü ðñïóèÝóôå ìüíï ôç ãñáììÞ:</para>
<programlisting>! $MATLAB/bin/finish.sh</programlisting>
<note>
<para>To <literal>$MATLAB</literal> ãñÜøôå ôï áêñéâþò
üðùò ôï âëÝðåôå.</para>
</note>
<tip>
<para>Óôïí ßäéï êáôÜëïãï, èá âñåßôå ôá
áñ÷åßá <filename>finishsav.m</filename>
êáé <filename>finishdlg.m</filename>, ôá ïðïßá èá óáò äßíïõí ôç
äõíáôüôçôá íá óþæåôå ôçí åñãáóßá óáò ðñéí êëåßóåôå ôï ðñüãñáììá.
Áí ðñüêåéôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜðïéï áðü áõôÜ, ðñïóèÝóôå ôïõ
ôçí ðáñáðÜíù ãñáììÞ áìÝóùò ìåôÜ ôçí åíôïëÞ
<literal>save</literal> .</para></tip>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå ôï
áñ÷åßï <filename>$MATLAB/bin/finish.sh</filename>, ôï ïðïßï èá
ðåñéÝ÷åé ôá ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>#!/compat/linux/bin/sh
(sleep 5; killall -1 matlab_helper) &
exit 0</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>ÊÜíôå ôï áñ÷åßï åêôåëÝóéìï:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod +x $MATLAB/bin/finish.sh</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="matlab-using">
<title>×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï &matlab;</title>
<para>Óå áõôü ôï óçìåßï èá ðñÝðåé íá åßóôå Ýôïéìïé íá äþóåôå ôçí
åíôïëÞ <command>matlab</command> êáé íá áñ÷ßóåôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôçí
åöáñìïãÞ.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="linuxemu-oracle">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Marcel</firstname>
<surname>Moolenaar</surname>
<contrib>ÓõíåéóöïñÜ ôïõ </contrib>
</author>
<!-- marcel@cup.hp.com -->
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò &oracle;</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>applications</primary>
<secondary><application>Oracle</application></secondary>
</indexterm>
<sect2>
<title>ÅéóáãùãÞ</title>
<para>Ôï êåßìåíï áõôü ðåñéãñÜöåé ôç äéáäéêáóßá åãêáôÜóôáóçò
ôùí <application>&oracle; 8.0.5</application>
êáé <application>&oracle; 8.0.5.1 Enterprise Edition</application> ãéá
Linux óå Ýíá óýóôçìá &os;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ ÐåñéâÜëëïíôïò Linux</title>
<para>Óéãïõñåõôåßôå üôé Ý÷åôå åãêáôáóôÞóåé
ôá <filename role='package'>emulators/linux_base</filename>
êáé <filename role='package'>devel/linux_devtools</filename> áðü ôç
óõëëïãÞ ôùí Ports. Áí áíôéìåôùðßæåôå äõóêïëßåò ìå ôá ðáñáðÜíù, ßóùò
÷ñåéáóôåß íá ôá åãêáôáóôÞóåôå áðü ðáêÝôá Þ áðü ðáëéüôåñåò åêäüóåéò ôçò
óõëëïãÞò ôùí Ports.</para>
<para>Áí èÝëåôå íá ôñÝîåôå ôïí intelligent agent, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá
åãêáôáóôÞóåôå êáé ôï ðáêÝôï Red Hat
Tcl: <filename>tcl-8.0.3-20.i386.rpm</filename>. Ç åíôïëÞ ãéá ôçí
åãêáôÜóôáóç ìÝóù ôïõ åðßóçìïõ <application>RPM</application> port
(<filename role='package'>archivers/rpm</filename>) åßíáé:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rpm -i --ignoreos --root /compat/linux --dbpath /var/lib/rpm <replaceable>package</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>Ç åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ <replaceable>package</replaceable> èá ðñÝðåé íá
ãßíåé ïìáëÜ êáé ÷ùñßò ðñïâëÞìáôá.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Ñõèìßæïíôáò ôï ÐåñéâÜëëïí ãéá ôçí &oracle; </title>
<para>Ðñéí ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò <application>&oracle;</application>, èá
ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìßóåôå óùóôÜ ôï ðåñéâÜëëïí ôïõ óõóôÞìáôüò óáò. Ôï
ðáñáêÜôù êåßìåíï ðåñéãñÜöåé ôé <emphasis>áêñéâþò</emphasis> ðñÝðåé íá
êÜíåôå ãéá íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí <application>&oracle;</application> ãéá
Linux óôï &os;, êáé äåí ðåñéãñÜöåé üôé õðÜñ÷åé Þäç óôïí ïäçãü
åãêáôÜóôáóçò ôçò <application>&oracle;</application>.</para>
<sect3 id="linuxemu-kernel-tuning">
<title>Ñýèìéóç ôïõ ÐõñÞíá</title>
<indexterm><primary>kernel tuning</primary></indexterm>
<para>¼ðùò ðåñéãñÜöåé ï ïäçãüò åãêáôÜóôáóçò
ôçò <application>&oracle;</application>, èá ðñÝðåé íá ïñßóåôå ôéò
ôéìÝò ôçò shared memory óôï ìÝãéóôï. Ìçí ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå
ôï <literal>SHMMAX</literal> óôï &os;. Ôï <literal>SHMMAX</literal>
õðïëïãßæåôáé áðëþò áðü ôï <literal>SHMMAXPGS</literal> êáé ôï
<literal>PGSIZE</literal>. ÅðïìÝíùò êáèïñßóôå ôï
<literal>SHMMAXPGS</literal>. ¼ëåò ïé Üëëåò åðéëïãÝò ìðïñïýí íá
ïñéóôïýí üðùò ðåñéãñÜöåôáé óôïí ïäçãü. Ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá:</para>
<programlisting>options SHMMAXPGS=10000
options SHMMNI=100
options SHMSEG=10
options SEMMNS=200
options SEMMNI=70
options SEMMSL=61</programlisting>
<para>Ïñßóôå ôéò ôéìÝò ôùí åðéëïãþí Ýôóé þóôå íá ôáéñéÜæïõí óôç ÷ñÞóç
ôçò <application>&oracle;</application> ðïõ èÝëåôå íá êÜíåôå.</para>
<para>Åðßóçò, åðéâåâáéþóôå üôé Ý÷åôå åíåñãïðïéÞóåé ôéò ðáñáêÜôù
åðéëïãÝò óôéò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ ðõñÞíá:</para>
<programlisting>options SYSVSHM #SysV shared memory
options SYSVSEM #SysV semaphores
options SYSVMSG #SysV interprocess communication</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="linuxemu-oracle-account">
<title>Ï ×ñÞóôçò &oracle;</title>
<para>ÄçìéïõñãÞóôå Ýíá ÷ñÞóôç óõóôÞìáôïò ìå
üíïìá <username>oracle</username>, ìå ôïí ßäéï ôñüðï ðïõ èá
äçìéïõñãïýóáôå êáé ïðïéïíäÞðïôå Üëëïí ÷ñÞóôç. Ôï ìüíï éäéáßôåñï
÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü ôïõ ÷ñÞóôç <username>oracle</username> åßíáé üôé
÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ôïõ äþóåôå Ýíá êÝëõöïò Linux. ÐñïóèÝóôå
ôï <literal>/compat/linux/bin/bash</literal>
óôï <filename>/etc/shells</filename> êáé ïñßóôå ôï êÝëõöïò ôïõ
÷ñÞóôç <username>oracle</username>
óå <filename>/compat/linux/bin/bash</filename>.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="linuxemu-environment">
<title>Ôï ÐåñéâÜëëïí</title>
<para>Åêôüò ôùí óõíçèéóìÝíùí ìåôáâëçôþí
ôçò <application>&oracle;</application>, üðùò
ïé <envar>ORACLE_HOME</envar> êáé <envar>ORACLE_SID</envar> èá
ðñÝðåé íá ïñßóåôå êáé ôéò áêüëïõèåò ìåôáâëçôÝò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò:</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colwidth="2*"/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ÌåôáâëçôÞ</entry>
<entry>ÔéìÞ</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><envar>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</envar></entry>
<entry><literal>$ORACLE_HOME/lib</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><envar>CLASSPATH</envar></entry>
<entry><literal>$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/classes111.zip</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><envar>PATH</envar></entry>
<entry><literal>/compat/linux/bin
/compat/linux/sbin
/compat/linux/usr/bin
/compat/linux/usr/sbin
/bin
/sbin
/usr/bin
/usr/sbin
/usr/local/bin
$ORACLE_HOME/bin</literal></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>Óáò óõíéóôïýìå íá ïñßóåôå üëåò ôéò ìåôáâëçôÝò ðåñéâÜëëïíôïò óôï
áñ÷åßï <filename>.profile</filename>. ¸íá ïëïêëçñùìÝíï ðáñÜäåéãìá
åßíáé ôï ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>ORACLE_BASE=/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle; export ORACLE_HOME
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
ORACLE_SID=ORCL; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=386x; export ORACLE_TERM
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/classes111.zip
export CLASSPATH
PATH=/compat/linux/bin:/compat/linux/sbin:/compat/linux/usr/bin
PATH=$PATH:/compat/linux/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH</programlisting>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ôçò &oracle;</title>
<para>Ëüãù ìéá ìéêñÞò Ýëëåéøçò óôïí åîïìïéùôÞ ôïõ Linux, èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåôå Ýíáí êáôÜëïãï ìå ôï üíïìá <filename>.oracle</filename>
ìÝóá óôï <filename>/var/tmp</filename>, ðñéí îåêéíÞóåôå ôï ðñüãñáììá
åãêáôÜóôáóçò. Ï êáôÜëïãïò áõôüò èá ðñÝðåé íá áíÞêåé
óôïí ÷ñÞóôç <username>oracle</username>. Èá ðñÝðåé ôþñá íá
ðñáãìáôïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç
ôçò <application>&oracle;</application> äß÷ùò êáíÝíá ðñüâëçìá. Áí
áíôéìåôùðßæåôå üìùò áêüìç ðñïâëÞìáôá, åëÝãîôå ôçí Ýêäïóç
ôçò <application>&oracle;</application> ðïõ Ý÷åôå Þ/êáé ôéò
ñõèìßóåéò óáò! Áöüôïõ Ý÷åôå ðñáãìáôïðïéÞóåé ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç
ôçò <application>&oracle;</application>, åöáñìüóôå ôá patches ðïõ
ðåñéãñÜöïíôáé óôéò äýï ðáñáêÜôù åíüôçôåò.</para>
<para>¸íá óõ÷íü ðñüâëçìá åßíáé üôé äåí ãßíåôáé óùóôÞ åãêáôÜóôáóç ôïõ
ðñïóáñìïãÝá ôïõ ðñùôïêüëëïõ TCP. Áõôü Ý÷åé ùò áðïôÝëåóìá íá ìçí
ìðïñåßôå íá îåêéíÞóåôå ôïõò TCP listeners. Ïé áêüëïõèåò ïäçãßåò èá
óáò âïçèÞóïõí íá ëýóåôå áõôü ôï ðñüâëçìá.:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make -f ins_network.mk ntcontab.o</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ar r libnetwork.a ntcontab.o</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make -f ins_network.mk install</userinput></screen>
<para>Ìç îå÷Üóåôå íá ôñÝîåôå îáíÜ ôï <filename>root.sh</filename></para>
<sect3 id="linuxemu-patch-root">
<title>Äéüñèùóç ôïõ root.sh</title>
<para>¼ôáí åãêáèéóôÜôå ôçí <application>&oracle;</application>,
êÜðïéåò åíÝñãåéåò, ïé ïðïßåò ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé íá ãßíïõí
ùò <username>root</username>, êáôáãñÜöïíôáé óå Ýíá shell script ðïõ
ëÝãåôáé <filename>root.sh</filename>. Ôï script áõôü äçìéïõñãåßôáé
óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>orainst</filename>. Åöáñìüóôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù
patch óôï <filename>root.sh</filename>, ãéá íá ìðïñÝóåé íá âñåé êáé
íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé ôï <command>chown</command>. ÅíáëëáêôéêÜ, ôñÝîôå
ôï script ìÝóá áðü Ýíá êÝëõöïò Linux.</para>
<programlisting>*** orainst/root.sh.orig Tue Oct 6 21:57:33 1998
--- orainst/root.sh Mon Dec 28 15:58:53 1998
***************
*** 31,37 ****
# This is the default value for CHOWN
# It will redefined later in this script for those ports
# which have it conditionally defined in ss_install.h
! CHOWN=/bin/chown
#
# Define variables to be used in this script
--- 31,37 ----
# This is the default value for CHOWN
# It will redefined later in this script for those ports
# which have it conditionally defined in ss_install.h
! CHOWN=/usr/sbin/chown
#
# Define variables to be used in this script</programlisting>
<para>¼ôáí äåí êÜíåôå ÷ñÞóç ôïõ CD ãéá ôçí åãêáôÜóôáóç, ìðïñåßôå íá
ðåñÜóåôå ôï patch ãéá ôï <filename>root.sh</filename>, óôçí ðçãÞ
åãêáôÜóôáóçò. To áñ÷åßï ïíïìÜæåôáé <filename>rthd.sh</filename> êáé
âñßóêåôáé óôïí êáôÜëïãï <filename>orainst</filename>.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="linuxemu-patch-tcl">
<title>Äéüñèùóç ôïõ genclntsh</title>
<para>To script <command>genclntsh</command> ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá
äçìéïõñãÞóåé ìéá shared client library. ÔñÝîôå ôï ðáñáêÜôù patch ãéá
íá óâÞóåôå ôï êáèïñéóìÝíï <envar>PATH</envar>:</para>
<programlisting>*** bin/genclntsh.orig Wed Sep 30 07:37:19 1998
--- bin/genclntsh Tue Dec 22 15:36:49 1998
***************
*** 32,38 ****
#
# Explicit path to ensure that we're using the correct commands
#PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin export PATH
! PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin export PATH
#
# each product MUST provide a $PRODUCT/admin/shrept.lst
--- 32,38 ----
#
# Explicit path to ensure that we're using the correct commands
#PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin export PATH
! #PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin export PATH
#
# each product MUST provide a $PRODUCT/admin/shrept.lst</programlisting>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ÅêôÝëåóç ôçò &oracle;</title>
<para>Áöïý Ý÷åôå áêïëïõèÞóåé áõôÝò ôéò ïäçãßåò, èá ðñÝðåé íá ìðïñåßôå
íá åêôåëÝóåôå ôçí <application>&oracle;</application> óáí íá
âñéóêüóáóôáí óå Ýíá óýóôçìá Linux.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="linuxemu-advanced">
<title>Ðñï÷ùñçìÝíá ÈÝìáôá</title>
<para>Áí Ý÷åôå ôçí áðïñßá ðùò ëåéôïõñãåß ç óõìâáôüôçôá ìå åöáñìïãÝò Linux,
ôüôå èá ðñÝðåé íá äéáâÜóåôå ôç ðáñáêÜôù åíüôçôá. Ôá ðåñéóóüôåñá áðü üóá
Ý÷ïõí ãñáöôåß åßíáé âáóéóìÝíá óôçí &a.chat; êáé Ý÷ïõí ãñáöôåß áðü ôïí
Terry Lambert <email>tlambert@primenet.com</email> (Message ID:
<literal><199906020108.SAA07001@usr09.primenet.com></literal>).
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Ðùò Ëåéôïõñãåß;</title>
<indexterm><primary>execution class loader</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ôï &os; ðåñéÝ÷åé Ýíá åðßðåäï áöáßñåóçò (abstraction) ðïõ
ïíïìÜæåôáé <quote>execution class loader</quote>. Áõôü âáóßæåôáé óôï
&man.execve.2;.</para>
<para>Áõôü ðïõ óõìâáßíåé åßíáé üôé ôï &os; Ý÷åé ìéá ëßóôá öïñôùôþí
(loaders), áíôß ãéá Ýíá ðïõ íá êáôáöåýãåé óå ðåñßðôùóç áðïôõ÷ßáò
óôï <literal>#!</literal> ãéá íá ôñÝîåé êÜðïéï shell interpreter Þ
shell script.</para>
<para>ÉóôïñéêÜ, ï ìüíïò öïñôùôÞò óôç ðëáôöüñìá ôïõ &unix; Ýëåã÷å ôïí
ìáãéêü áñéèìü (ãåíéêÜ ôá ðñþôá 4 Þ 8 bytes ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ) ãéá íá äåé áí
åßíáé êÜðïéï åêôåëÝóéìï / åöáñìïãÞ ãíùóôü óôï óýóôçìá, êáé óôçí
ðåñßðôùóç áõôÞ íá êáëÝóåé ôïí áíôßóôïé÷ï öïñôùôÞ.</para>
<para>Áí ôï áñ÷åßï äåí Þôáí åêôåëÝóéìï ìå âÜóç ôïí ôýðï ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò,
ç êëÞóç óôï &man.execve.2; åðÝóôñåöå êÜðïéï óöÜëìá, êáé ôï shell
ðñïóðáèïýóå íá åêôåëÝóåé ôï áñ÷åßï óáí shell script.</para>
<para>Ç ãåíéêÞ éäÝá Þôáí <quote>áí äåí åßíáé åêôåëÝóéìï,
ðñïóðÜèçóå íá ôï ôñÝîåéò ùò shell script ìå âÜóç ôï ôñÝ÷ïí shell
</quote>.</para>
<para>Áñãüôåñá, âñÝèçêå Ýíáò Ýîõðíïò ôñüðïò þóôå ôï &man.sh.1; íá
åëÝã÷åé ôïõò ðñþôïõò äýï ÷áñáêôÞñåò, êáé áí Þôáí
<literal>:\n</literal>, ôüôå êáëïýóå ôï shell &man.csh.1;
(ðéóôåýïõìå ðùò ç ëýóç áõôÞ âñÝèçêå áñ÷éêÜ áðü ôç SCO).</para>
<para>Áõôü ðïõ êÜíåé ôþñá ôï &os; åßíáé íá äéáôñÝ÷åé ôç ëßóôá ìå üëïõò
ôïõò öïñôùôÝò, ìå Ýíá ãåíéêü öïñôùôÞ <literal>#!</literal> ï ïðïßïò
áíáãíùñßæåé ùò äéåñìçíÝá (interpreter) ôïõò ÷áñáêôÞñåò áðü ôï åðüìåíï
êåíü ìåôÜ ôï <literal>!</literal> êáé ìÝ÷ñé ôï ôÝëïò, åíþ áí äåí
áíáãíùñéóôåß êÜðïéïò, ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ùò Ýó÷áôç ëýóç ôï
<filename>/bin/sh</filename>.</para>
<indexterm><primary>ELF</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ãéá ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç ôïõ Linux ABI, ôï &os; âëÝðåé ôïí ìáãéêü
áñéèìü ôïõ ELF binary (äå áíáãíùñßæåé ôç äéáöïñÜ áíÜìåóá óå
&os;, &solaris;, Linux, Þ êÜðïéï Üëëï ëåéôïõñãéêü óýóôçìá ôï ïðïßï
÷ñçóéìïðïéåß áñ÷åßá ôýðïõ ELF).</para>
<indexterm><primary>Solaris</primary></indexterm>
<para>Ï öïñôùôÞò ELF êïéôÜåé ãéá Ýíá åéäéêü <emphasis>brand</emphasis>,
ôï ïðïßï åßíáé ìéá åíüôçôá ó÷ïëßùí ìÝóá óôï ELF image, êáé ôï ïðïßï
äåí õðÜñ÷åé óå ELF binaries ãéá SVR4/&solaris;</para>
<para>Ãéá íá ëåéôïõñãÞóïõí ôá åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ Linux, èá ðñÝðåé íá
ãßíïõí <emphasis>branded</emphasis> (ìáñêáñéóôïýí) ùò
<literal>Linux</literal> ìÝóù ôçò &man.brandelf.1;:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>brandelf -t Linux file</userinput></screen>
<para>¼ôáí ãßíåé áõôü, ï öïñôùôÞò ELF èá âëÝðåé ôï
<literal>Linux</literal> brand ðÜíù óôï áñ÷åßï.</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>ELF</primary>
<secondary>branding</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>¼ôáí ï öïñôùôÞò ELF äåé ôï <literal>Linux</literal> brand, èá
áíôéêáôáóôÞóåé Ýíáí äåßêôç ìÝóá óôç äïìÞ <literal>proc</literal>.
¼ëåò ïé êëÞóåéò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò ôáîéíïìïýíôáé ìÝóá áðü áõôüí ôïí
äåßêôç (óå Ýíá ðáñáäïóéáêü óýóôçìá &unix;, ï äåßêôçò èá Þôáí ï
ðßíáêáò <literal>sysent[]</literal>, ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé ôéò êëÞóåéò
ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò (system calls)). ÅðéðëÝïí, ç äéåñãáóßá óçìåéþíåôáé ãéá
åéäéêÞ ìåôá÷åßñéóç ôïõ trap vector êáé Üëëåò (ìéêñÝò) äéïñèþóåéò,
ôéò ïðïßåò ÷åéñßæåôáé ôï Üñèñùìá ðõñÞíá ôçò óõìâáôüôçôáò Linux.</para>
<para>Ôï system call vector ôïõ Linux ðåñéÝ÷åé, ìåôáîý Üëëùí, ìéá ëßóôá
ìå ôá äåäïìÝíá ôïõ <literal>sysent[]</literal> ôùí ïðïßùí
ïé äéåõèýíóåéò âñßóêïíôáé ìÝóá óôï Üñèñùìá ôïõ ðõñÞíá.</para>
<para>¼ôáí ãßíåôáé ìéá êëÞóç óõóôÞìáôïò áðü ìéá åöáñìïãÞ Linux, ï
êþäéêáò (trap code) ôñïðïðïéåß ôïí äåßêôç ôçò ìÝóù ôçò äïìÞò ðïõ Ý÷åé
åããñáöåß óôï <literal>proc</literal>, êáé áëëÜæåé ôçí äéåýèõíóç þóôå
íá äåß÷íåé óôï óçìåßï åéóüäïõ ôçò óõíÜñôçóçò ôïõ Linux, êáé ü÷é ôïõ
&os;.</para>
<para>Åðßóçò, ôï óýóôçìá óõìâáôüôçôáò ìå Linux ìðïñåß êáé ðñïóáñìüæåé
äõíáìéêÜ ôéò ôïðïèåóßåò áíáæÞôçóçò. ÏõóéáóôéêÜ áõôü êÜíåé êáé ç
åðéëïãÞ <option>union</option> êáôÜ ôçí ðñïóÜñôçóç åíüò óõóôÞìáôïò
áñ÷åßùí (<emphasis>äåí</emphasis> åííïïýìå åäþ ôï óýóôçìá
áñ÷åßùí <literal>unionfs</literal>!). Áñ÷éêÜ, ãßíåôáé áðüðåéñá íá
âñåèåß ôï áñ÷åßï óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/compat/linux/<replaceable>original-path</replaceable></filename>, <emphasis>êáé ìüíï</emphasis>
áí áõôü áðïôý÷åé, èá ãßíåé áíáæÞôçóç óôïí êáôÜëïãï
<filename>/<replaceable>original-path</replaceable></filename>. Ìå
ôïí ôñüðï áõôü óéãïõñåýïõìå üôé ôá åêôåëÝóéìá ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæïíôáé Üëëá
åêôåëÝóéìá èá ôñÝîïõí (ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, ôï óýíïëï åñãáëåßùí ôïõ
Linux ìðïñåß íá åêôåëåóôåß ìÝóù ôçò õðïóôÞñéîçò ôïõ Linux ABI). Åðßóçò
óçìáßíåé üôé ôá åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ Linux ìðïñïýí íá öïñôþóïõí êáé íá
åêôåëÝóïõí áñ÷åßá ôïõ &os; áí äåí ìðïñïýí íá åíôïðßóïõí ôá áíôßóôïé÷á
áñ÷åßá óôï Linux. Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ôïðïèåôÞóåôå ìéá åíôïëÞ
&man.uname.1; ìÝóá óôï <filename>/compat/linux</filename> ðñïêåéìÝíïõ
ôá áñ÷åßá ôïõ Linux íá ìç ìðïñïýí íá áíáãíùñßóïõí üôé äåí
÷ñçóéìïðïéïýíôáé ðñáãìáôéêÜ óå Linux.</para>
<para>ÏõóéáóôéêÜ, õðÜñ÷åé Ýíáò ðõñÞíáò Linux ìÝóá óôïí ðõñÞíá
ôïõ &os;. Ïé äéÜöïñåò ëåéôïõñãßåò ïé ïðïßåò õëïðïéïýí üëåò ôéò
õðçñåóßåò ðïõ ðáñÝ÷ïíôáé áðü ôïí ðõñÞíá åßíáé ßäéåò ôüóï óôïí ðßíáêá
êëÞóåùí óõóôÞìáôïò ôïõ &os; üóï êáé óôïí áíôßóôïé÷ï ôïõ Linux:
ëåéôïõñãßåò ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò áñ÷åßùí, åéêïíéêÞ ìíÞìç, äéá÷åßñéóç
óçìÜôùí, System V IPC êëð. Ç ìüíç äéáöïñÜ åßíáé üôé ôï åêôåëÝóéìá
ôïõ &os; êÜíïõí ÷ñÞóç ôùí óõíáñôÞóåùí <emphasis>glue</emphasis> ôïõ
&os;, åíþ ôá åêôåëÝóéìá ôïõ Linux, êÜíïõí ÷ñÞóç ôùí óõíáñôÞóåùí
<emphasis>glue</emphasis> ôïõ Linux (ðïëëÜ áðü ôá ðáëéÜ ëåéôïõñãéêÜ
åß÷áí ôéò äéêÝò ôïõò óõíáñôÞóåéò <emphasis>glue</emphasis>: ïé
äéåõèýíóåéò ôùí óõíáñôÞóåùí âñßóêïíôáí óôï óôáôéêü ðßíáêá
<literal>sysent[]</literal>, áíôß íá äéåõêñéíßæïíôáé ìÝóù åíüò
äõíáìéêïý äåßêôç óôç äïìÞ <literal>proc</literal> ôçò äéåñãáóßáò ðïõ
ðñáãìáôïðïéåß ôçí êëÞóç).</para>
<para>Ðïéï åßíáé üìùò ôï åããåíÝò &os; ABI; Äåí Ý÷åé êáé ðïëý óçìáóßá.
Ç ìüíç âáóéêÞ äéáöïñÜ åßíáé (êÜôé ôï ïðïßï ìðïñåß åýêïëá íá
áëëÜîåé óå ìåëëïíôéêÝò åêäüóåéò, êáé ðïëý ðéèáíüí íá áëëÜîåé) üôé
ïé óõíáñôÞóåéò <emphasis>glue</emphasis> ôïõ &os; åßíáé óôáôéêÜ
óõíäåäåìÝíåò óôï ðõñÞíá, åíþ ïé áíôßóôïé÷åò ôïõ Linux ìðïñïýí åßôå íá
åßíáé óõíäåäåìÝíåò óôáôéêÜ, åßôå íá åßíáé ðñïóâÜóéìåò ìÝóù åíüò
áñèñþìáôïò ðõñÞíá.</para>
<para>Åßíáé áõôü üìùò ðñáãìáôéêÞ åîïìïßùóç; ¼÷é. Åßíáé ìéá õëïðïßçóç
ôïõ ABI, ü÷é åîïìïßùóç. Äåí õðÜñ÷åé êáìßá åîïìïßùóç (Þ ðñïóïìïßùóç,
ãéá íá ðñïëÜâïõìå ôçí åðüìåíç óáò åñþôçóç).</para>
<para>Ôüôå ãéáôß ìåñéêÝò öïñÝò ìéëÜìå ãéá <quote>åîïìïßùóç
Linux</quote>; Ãéá íá äõóêïëåõôåß ç ðñïþèçóç ôïõ &os;! Ç áñ÷éêÞ
õëïðïßçóç Ýãéíå ôçí åðï÷Þ üðïõ äåí õðÞñ÷å Üëëç ëÝîç ðïõ íá ìðïñïýóå
íá ðåñéãñÜøåé ôï ôé áêñéâþò ãéíüôáí. Ôï íá
ëÝãáìå üôé ôï &os; Ýôñå÷å åêôåëÝóéìá Linux äåí èá Þôáí áëÞèåéá,
ìéá êáé ÷ñåéáæüôáí íá åíóùìáôùèåß êÜðïéïò êþäéêáò óôïí ðõñÞíá, Þ íá
öïñôùèåß êÜðïéï Üñèñùìá. ×ñåéáæüôáí êÜðïéá ëÝîç ðïõ íá ðåñéãñÜöåé ôé
öïñôùíüôáí—Ýôóé ðñïÝêõøå ï <quote>åîïìïéùôÞò Linux</quote>.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>