<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
<!--
The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project
$FreeBSD$
$FreeBSDru: frdp/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.xml,v 1.123 2006/06/20 18:02:31 marck Exp $
Original revision: r28135
-->
<chapter id="advanced-networking">
<chapterinfo>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>áÎÄÒÅÊ</firstname>
<surname>úÁÈ×ÁÔÏ×</surname>
<contrib>ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ ÑÚÙË: </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</chapterinfo>
<title>óÌÏÖÎÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × ÓÅÔÉ</title>
<sect1 id="advanced-networking-synopsis">
<title>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ</title>
<para>üÔÁ ÇÌÁ×Á ÏÈ×ÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÔÅÍÁÔÉË
ÐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÐÏÎÑÔÉÑ Ï ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ É ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁÈ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ IEEE 802.11 É &bluetooth;.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ëÁË ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ
ÍÏÓÔÁ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ëÁË ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØ Ä×Á ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ PLIP.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ IPv6 ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ FreeBSD.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ATM.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÞÔÅÎÉÅÍ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ðÏÎÉÍÁÔØ ÏÓÎÏ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×
<filename>/etc/rc</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ ×ÌÁÄÅÔØ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÍÉ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>úÎÁÔØ ËÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÔØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ FreeBSD
(<xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>úÎÁÔØ ËÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ
ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÈ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×
(<xref linkend="ports"/>).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="network-routing">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Coranth</firstname>
<surname>Gryphon</surname>
<contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>óÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÛÌÀÚÙ É ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ</title>
<indexterm><primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÑ</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>ÛÌÀÚ</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ</primary></indexterm>
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÍÏÇÌÁ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÓÅÔÉ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ, ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØÓÑ
ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÄÏÂÒÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÊ. ôÁËÏÊ
ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <firstterm>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ</firstterm>.
<quote>íÁÒÛÒÕÔ</quote> ÚÁÄÁ£ÔÓÑ
ÐÁÒÏÊ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×: <quote>ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ</quote> (destination) É
<quote>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÛÌÀÚÏÍ</quote> (gateway). üÔÁ ÐÁÒÁ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ
ÅÓÌÉ ÷Ù ÐÙÔÁÅÔÅÓØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØÓÑ Ó <emphasis>ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ</emphasis>,
ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ Ó×ÑÚØ ÞÅÒÅÚ <quote>ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÛÌÀÚ</quote>.
óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÔÉÐÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ: ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ, ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ É
<quote>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</quote> (default). <quote>íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ
ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</quote> (default route) ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÎÉ ÏÄÉÎ
ÉÚ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ×. íÙ ÐÏÇÏ×ÏÒÉÍ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÅÅ Ï ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁÈ ÐÏ
ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÏÚÖÅ. ôÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ É ÔÒÉ ÔÉÐÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÛÌÀÚÏ×: ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ
ÈÏÓÔÙ, ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ (ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ <quote>ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ</quote>
(links)) É ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ Ethernet (MAC-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ).</para>
<sect2>
<title>ðÒÉÍÅÒ</title>
<para>äÌÑ ÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÁÃÉÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÁÓÐÅËÔÏ× ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
<command>netstat</command>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>netstat -r</userinput>
Routing tables
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
default outside-gw UGSc 37 418 ppp0
localhost localhost UH 0 181 lo0
test0 0:e0:b5:36:cf:4f UHLW 5 63288 ed0 77
10.20.30.255 link#1 UHLW 1 2421
example.com link#1 UC 0 0
host1 0:e0:a8:37:8:1e UHLW 3 4601 lo0
host2 0:e0:a8:37:8:1e UHLW 0 5 lo0 =>
host2.example.com link#1 UC 0 0
224 link#1 UC 0 0</screen>
<indexterm><primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</primary></indexterm>
<para>÷ ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ Ä×ÕÈ ÓÔÒÏËÁÈ ÚÁÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎ × <link linkend="network-routing-default">ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</link>) É ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÎÁ <hostid>localhost</hostid>.</para>
<indexterm><primary>ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï loopback</primary></indexterm>
<para>éÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ (ËÏÌÏÎËÁ <literal>Netif</literal>), ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ×
ÜÔÏÊ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó
<literal>localhost</literal> É ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎ
<devicename>lo0</devicename>, ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÔÏÒÏÅ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
loopback. üÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ
ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ, ÂÅÚ ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ ÅÇÏ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎ ×ÓÅ ÒÁ×ÎÏ
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎ ÔÕÄÁ, ÇÄÅ ÂÙÌ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ.</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>Ethernet</primary>
<secondary>MAC ÁÄÒÅÓ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ ×ÙÄÅÌÑÀÝÉÍÉÓÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ Ó
<hostid role="mac">0:e0:...</hostid>. üÔÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ Ethernet,
ÉÌÉ MAC-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ. FreeBSD ÂÕÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ×ÁÔØ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÈÏÓÔ
(× ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÜÔÏ <hostid>test0</hostid>) × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ Ethernet
É ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÎÁ
ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ Ethernet, <devicename>ed0</devicename>. ó ÜÔÉÍ ÔÉÐÏÍ
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÔÁËÖÅ Ó×ÑÚÁÎ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÔÁÊÍÁÕÔÁ (ËÏÌÏÎËÁ
<literal>Expire</literal>), ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÏÊ ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ
ÕÓÌÙÛÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÈÏÓÔ × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÐÅÒÉÏÄÁ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ. åÓÌÉ ÔÁËÏÅ
ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ, ÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÄÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÕÄÁÌ£Î.
ôÁËÉÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ, ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ ËÁË RIP (Routing Information
Protocol), ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÑÅÔ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ Ë ÈÏÓÔÁÍ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÉ
ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ËÒÁÔÞÁÊÛÅÇÏ ÒÁÓÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ.</para>
<indexterm><primary>ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ</primary></indexterm>
<para>FreeBSD ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÓÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ Ë ÐÏÄÓÅÔÑÍ ÄÌÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ
ÐÏÄÓÅÔÅÊ (<hostid role="ipaddr">10.20.30.255</hostid> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ <hostid
role="ipaddr">10.20.30</hostid>, Á ÉÍÑ <hostid
role="domainname">example.com</hostid> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÄÏÍÅÎÁ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÍ
Ó ÜÔÏÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔØÀ). îÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>link#1</literal> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
ÐÅÒ×ÏÍÕ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÕ Ethernet × ÍÁÛÉÎÅ. ïÔÍÅÔØÔÅ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ
ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÓÔÒÏË.</para>
<para>÷ ÏÂÅÉÈ ÜÔÉÈ ÇÒÕÐÐÁÈ (ÈÏÓÔÙ É ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ) ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
<application>routed</application>. åÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ, ÔÏ ÂÕÄÕÔ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ (ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ××ÅÄÅÎÎÙÅ Ñ×ÎÏ)
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ.</para>
<para>óÔÒÏËÁ <literal>host1</literal> ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ Ë ÎÁÛÅÍÕ ÈÏÓÔÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÅÎ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ Ethernet. ôÁË ËÁË ÍÙ Ñ×ÌÑÅÍÓÑ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÀÝÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÏÍ,
FreeBSD ÚÎÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ loopback-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
(<devicename>lo0</devicename>) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ
ÐÏÓÙÌËÕ × ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ Ethernet.</para>
<para>ä×Å ÓÔÒÏËÉ <literal>host2</literal> Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏÍ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ
ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÁÌÉÁÓÏ× × ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.ifconfig.8;
(ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ Ï Ethernet ÄÌÑ ÏÂßÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÙ ÜÔÏ
ÄÅÌÁÅÍ). óÉÍ×ÏÌ <literal>=></literal> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ
<devicename>lo0</devicename> ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ ÎÅ
ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ loopback (ÔÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÝÉÊ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ
ÈÏÓÔ), ÎÏ Ë ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ ÜÔÏ ÁÌÉÁÓ. ôÁËÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ
ÎÁ ÈÏÓÔÅ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÅÍ ÁÌÉÁÓÙ; ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ× × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ
ÓÅÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÔÁËÉÈ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÙ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ
<literal>link#1</literal>.</para>
<para>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ÓÔÒÏÞËÁ (ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ <hostid
role="ipaddr">224</hostid>) ÉÍÅÅÔ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÅ Ë ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÊ ÐÏÓÙÌËÅ,
ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÁ × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ.</para>
<para>é ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÙ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×
ËÏÌÏÎËÅ <literal>Flags</literal>. îÉÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ËÒÁÔËÁÑ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ
ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÌÁÇÏ× É ÉÈ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ:</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colwidth="4*"/>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>U</entry>
<entry>Up: íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÁËÔÕÁÌÅÎ.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>H</entry>
<entry>Host: áÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>G</entry>
<entry>Gateway: ðÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ
ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÕÀ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÁÍÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ
ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÉÊ ÐÕÔØ ÐÒÏÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>S</entry>
<entry>Static: íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÂÙÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, Á ÎÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>C</entry>
<entry>Clone: îÏ×ÙÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÌÑ
ÍÁÛÉÎ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÍÙ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÙ. ôÁËÏÊ ÔÉÐ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>W</entry>
<entry>WasCloned: õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÂÙÌ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ
ÓÅÔÉ (Clone).</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>L</entry>
<entry>Link: íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÓÓÙÌËÕ ÎÁ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ
Ethernet.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="network-routing-default">
<title>íÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</title>
<indexterm><primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</primary></indexterm>
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÍ
ÈÏÓÔÏÍ, ÏÎÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ,
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÌÉ ÔÁËÏÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ. åÓÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ ÐÏÐÁÄÁÅÔ × ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ,
ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÅÎ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÅÅ ÄÏÓÔÉÖÅÎÉÑ (ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÔÉÐÁ Cloned), ÔÏ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÎÅÊ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ
ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ.</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÓÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ, Õ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ: ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ <quote>default</quote>. üÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ
Ó ÏÓÏÂÙÍ ÔÉÐÏÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÛÌÀÚÁ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ, ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ
× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ), É × ÐÏÌÅ ÆÌÁÇÏ× ÏÎ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎ ËÁË <literal>c</literal>.
äÌÑ ÈÏÓÔÏ× × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÛÌÀÚ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ,
ÉÍÅÀÝÕÀ ÐÒÑÍÏÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë ×ÎÅÛÎÅÍÕ ÍÉÒÕ (ÎÅ×ÁÖÎÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ
Ó×ÑÚØ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ PPP, ËÁÎÁÌ DSL, ËÁÂÅÌØÎÙÊ ÍÏÄÅÍ, T1 ÉÌÉ ËÁËÏÊ-ÔÏ
ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ).</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÁÍÁ
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÛÌÀÚÏÍ ×Ï ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÉÒ, ÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
ÂÕÄÅÔ Ñ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÛÌÀÚ Õ ÷ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ (ISP).</para>
<para>äÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ×ÚÇÌÑÎÅÍ ÎÁ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ. ÷ÏÔ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÁÑ
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ:</para>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="advanced-networking/net-routing"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<literallayout class="monospaced">
[Local2] <--ether--> [Local1] <--PPP--> [ISP-Serv] <--ether--> [T1-GW]
</literallayout>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
<para>èÏÓÔÙ <hostid>Local1</hostid> É <hostid>Local2</hostid> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×
ÎÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ. <hostid>Local1</hostid> ÐÏÄËÌÀÞ£Î Ë ISP ÞÅÒÅÚ
ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ PPP. üÔÏÔ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ
PPP ÐÏÄËÌÀޣΠÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ ÛÌÀÚÏ×ÏÍÕ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ
ÞÅÒÅÚ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ISP Ë éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</para>
<para>íÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÉÚ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ ÂÕÄÕÔ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ:</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
<tgroup cols="3">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>èÏÓÔ</entry>
<entry>íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</entry>
<entry>éÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>Local2</entry>
<entry>Local1</entry>
<entry>Ethernet</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Local1</entry>
<entry>T1-GW</entry>
<entry>PPP</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>þÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ <quote>ðÏÞÅÍÕ (ÉÌÉ ËÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ) × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
ÛÌÀÚÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ <hostid>Local1</hostid> ÍÙ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍ
<hostid>T1-GW</hostid>, Á ÎÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÍÓÑ?</quote>.</para>
<para>úÁÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ PPP-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ × ÓÅÔÉ
ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ Ó ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ
ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ
Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ. ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ×Ù ÕÖÅ ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁË ÄÏÓÔÉÞØ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ
<hostid>T1-GW</hostid>, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÎÅÔ ÎÕÖÄÙ × ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔÏÞÎÏÊ ÔÏÞËÅ ÐÒÉ
ÐÏÓÙÌËÅ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ISP.</para>
<para>÷ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ ÁÄÒÅÓ <hostid
role="ipaddr">X.X.X.1</hostid> ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÄÒÅÓÁ
ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÛÌÀÚÁ. ôÏÇÄÁ (ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÔÏÇÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ)
ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ËÌÁÓÓÁ C ×ÁÛÅÊ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÂÙÌÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÏ
ËÁË <hostid role="ipaddr">10.20.30</hostid>, Á ×ÁÛ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
<hostid role="ipaddr">10.9.9</hostid>, ÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÂÕÄÕÔ
ÔÁËÉÅ:</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
<tgroup cols="2">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>èÏÓÔ</entry>
<entry>íÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>Local2 (10.20.30.2)</entry>
<entry>Local1 (10.20.30.1)</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>Local1 (10.20.30.1, 10.9.9.30)</entry>
<entry>T1-GW (10.9.9.1)</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÌÅÇËÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ
ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. ÷ ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ <hostid>Local2</hostid> ÍÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌÉ ÔÁËÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>defaultrouter="10.20.30.1"</programlisting>
<para>üÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ É ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.route.8;:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>route add default 10.20.30.1</userinput></screen>
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁÍÉ
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ
&man.route.8;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>èÏÓÔÙ Ó Ä×ÏÊÎÙÍ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ</title>
<indexterm><primary>ÈÏÓÔÙ Ó Ä×ÏÊÎÙÍ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ</primary></indexterm>
<para>åÓÔØ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÔÉÐ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ, É ÜÔÏ
ÓÌÕÞÁÊ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÈÏÓÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × Ä×ÕÈ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ. ôÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÉ,
ÌÀÂÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÁÑ ËÁË ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÛÌÀÚ (× ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÏÓØ PPP-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ), ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÈÏÓÔÏÍ Ó Ä×ÏÊÎÙÍ
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÔÅÒÍÉÎ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ
ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÅÊÓÑ × Ä×ÕÈ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ.</para>
<para>÷ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ Õ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ Ä×Á ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ Ethernet, ËÁÖÄÙÊ
ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÑÈ. ëÁË ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Õ ÍÏÖÎÏ
ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ Ethernet-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏÍ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
ÁÌÉÁÓÏ× × ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.ifconfig.8;. ÷ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ Ä×Á
ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ Ethernet, × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ
ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔ ÓÅÔÉ, ÎÏ Ä×Å ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ.</para>
<para>÷ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ
ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ ÜÔÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÁ ËÁË ÛÌÀÚ (×ÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ) ×
ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ. ôÁËÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ, ÐÒÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÅÔ ×
ÒÏÌÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÑÍÉ, ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ
ÎÕÖÎÏ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÆÉÌØÔÒÁÃÉÉ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÉÌÉ
ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ × ÏÄÎÏÍ ÉÌÉ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑÈ.</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÌÁ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÍÉ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ FreeBSD ÎÁ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ
ÜÔÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÇÌÁ×Å, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ
ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="network-dedicated-router">
<title>ðÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ</title>
<indexterm><primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ</primary></indexterm>
<para>óÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ. óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÙ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ É
ÈÏÒÏÛÁÑ ÉÎÖÅÎÅÒÎÁÑ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ðÒÏÅËÔÕ FreeBSD ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ ÜÔÕ
ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï FreeBSD. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ,
ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ × <literal>YES</literal> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
&man.rc.conf.5;:</para>
<programlisting>gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway</programlisting>
<para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ &man.sysctl.8;-ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
<varname>net.inet.ip.forwarding</varname> ×
<literal>1</literal>. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÀ,
×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÂÒÏÓÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ × <literal>0</literal>.</para>
<para>÷ÁÛÅÍÕ ÎÏ×ÏÍÕ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÕ ÎÕÖÎÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁÈ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ,
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÎÁÔØ, ËÕÄÁ ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌÁÔØ ÔÒÁÆÉË. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÅÔØ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ,
ÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ. ó FreeBSD ÔÁËÖÅ
ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ BSD ÄÌÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ &man.routed.8;,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÕÍÅÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó RIP (ËÁË ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1, ÔÁË É ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2) É IRDP.
ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ BGP v4, OSPF v2 É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ× ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ
ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ × ÐÁËÅÔÅ <filename role="package">net/zebra</filename>. ôÁËÖÅ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ É ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÅ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÙ, ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÍÙÅ ËÁË ÂÏÌÅÅ ËÏÍÐÌÅËÓÎÏÅ
ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË
<application>&gated;</application>.</para>
<indexterm><primary>BGP</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>RIP</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>OSPF</primary></indexterm>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<sect2info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Al</firstname>
<surname>Hoang</surname>
<contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect2info>
<!-- Feb 2004 -->
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ×</title>
<sect3>
<title>òÕÞÎÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</title>
<para>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ Õ ÎÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÅÔØ:</para>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="advanced-networking/static-routes"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<literallayout class="monospaced">
INTERNET
| (10.0.0.1/24) Default Router to Internet
|
|Interface xl0
|10.0.0.10/24
+------+
| | RouterA
| | (FreeBSD gateway)
+------+
| Interface xl1
| 192.168.1.1/24
|
+--------------------------------+
Internal Net 1 | 192.168.1.2/24
|
+------+
| | RouterB
| |
+------+
| 192.168.2.1/24
|
Internal Net 2
</literallayout>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
<para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÃÅÎÁÒÉÉ, <hostid>RouterA</hostid> ÜÔÏ ÎÁÛ
ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ Ó &os;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÅÔ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ × ÓÅÔØ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ. åÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÎÁ <hostid
role="ipaddr">10.0.0.1</hostid>, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÅÍÕ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÑÔØÓÑ Ó ×ÎÅÛÎÉÍ ÍÉÒÏÍ. íÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ
<hostid>RouterB</hostid> ÕÖÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ É
ÚÎÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ (ÎÁ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ ×ÓÅ
ÐÒÏÓÔÏ; ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÎÁ <hostid>RouterB</hostid> ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ
ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ <hostid
role="ipaddr">192.168.1.1</hostid> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÛÌÀÚÁ).</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ ÍÙ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ÎÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ
<hostid>RouterA</hostid>, ÔÏ Õ×ÉÄÉÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>netstat -nr</userinput>
Routing tables
Internet:
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
default 10.0.0.1 UGS 0 49378 xl0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 0 6 lo0
10.0.0/24 link#1 UC 0 0 xl0
192.168.1/24 link#2 UC 0 0 xl1</screen>
<para>ó ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ <hostid>RouterA</hostid>
ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÉÞØ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ 2 (Internal Net 2).
ïÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÏÂÈÏÄÁ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ — ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ. óÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÀÀ ÓÅÔØ 2 Ë ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ
<hostid>RouterA</hostid> Ó <hostid
role="ipaddr">192.168.1.2</hostid> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ
ÕÚÌÁ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2</userinput></screen>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ <hostid>RouterA</hostid> ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÉÞØ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ
× ÓÅÔÉ
<hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.2.0/24</hostid>.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ðÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ</title>
<para>ðÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ × ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ×
ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
&os;. óÐÏÓÏ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ×
ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÅÇÏ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting># äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ × Internal Net 2
static_routes="internalnet2"
route_internalnet2="-net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2"</programlisting>
<para>÷ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ <literal>static_routes</literal> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ
ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁÍÉ. ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÉÍÑ
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ. ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ × <literal>static_routes</literal>
ÅÓÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ, ÜÔÏ
<replaceable>internalnet2</replaceable>. úÁÔÅÍ ÍÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÌÉ
ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
<literal>route_<replaceable>internalnet2</replaceable></literal>,
ËÕÄÁ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔØ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.route.8;. ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ ÂÙÌÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2</userinput></screen>
<para>ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
<literal>"-net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2"</literal>.</para>
<para>ëÁË ÂÙÌÏ ÓËÁÚÁÎÏ ×ÙÛÅ, ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ×
<literal>static_routes</literal> ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ÏÄÎÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ.
üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ×.
÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÅÊ <hostid
role="ipaddr">192.168.0.0/24</hostid> É <hostid
role="ipaddr">192.168.1.0/24</hostid> (ÜÔÏÔ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ ÎÅ
ÐÏËÁÚÁÎ ÎÁ ÒÉÓÕÎËÅ ×ÙÛÅ:</para>
<programlisting>static_routes="net1 net2"
route_net1="-net 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.0.1"
route_net2="-net 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.1"</programlisting>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>òÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ×</title>
<indexterm><primary>ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ×</primary></indexterm>
<para>íÙ ÕÖÅ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÌÉ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÍÙ ÚÁÄÁÅÍ ÎÁÛÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ ×Ï ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÉÒ,
ÎÏ ÎÅ ÕÐÏÍÉÎÁÌÉ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÉÒ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔ ÎÁÓ.</para>
<para>íÙ ÕÖÅ ÚÎÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ ÔÁË,
ÞÔÏ ×ÅÓØ ÔÒÁÆÉË ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (× ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÜÔÏ
ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ ËÌÁÓÓÁ C) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍÕ ÈÏÓÔÕ × ÔÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ,
ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÄÁÌØÛÅ.</para>
<para>ðÒÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÷ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ,
÷ÁÛ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔ Ó×ÏÉ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ×ÅÓØ ÔÒÁÆÉË
ÄÌÑ ÷ÁÛÅÊ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏ PPP-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÀ Ë ÷ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ.
îÏ ËÁË ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÅ ÕÚÎÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÷ÁÛ ÔÒÁÆÉË ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ
÷ÁÛÅÍÕ ISP?</para>
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ (ÐÏÄÏÂÎÁÑ ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ DNS), ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× É ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÔÏÞËÕ
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÍÁÇÉÓÔÒÁÌÉ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ. <quote>íÁÇÉÓÔÒÁÌØÀ</quote> ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ
ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÅ ËÁÎÁÌÙ, ÐÏ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÉÄÅÔ ÔÒÁÆÉË éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÓÔÒÁÎÙ É ÐÏ
×ÓÅÍÕ ÍÉÒÕ. ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÍÁÇÉÓÔÒÁÌØÎÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ËÏÐÉÀ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ
ÔÁÂÌÉÃ, ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÔÒÁÆÉË ÄÌÑ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ
ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÍÕ ÍÁÇÉÓÔÒÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ËÁÎÁÌÕ, É ÚÁÔÅÍ, ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÑÓØ ÐÏ ÃÅÐÏÞËÅ
ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÏ×, ÏÎ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
<para>úÁÄÁÞÅÊ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂßÑ×ÉÔØ ÎÁ ÍÁÇÉÓÔÒÁÌÉ Ï ÔÏÍ,
ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÚÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ (É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÁ ÎÅÇÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ)
×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ. üÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>õÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÐÏÌÁÄÏË</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>traceroute</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>éÎÏÇÄÁ Ó ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
ÓÁÊÔÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ Ë ×ÁÍ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ. îÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÓÁÍÏÊ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÞËÉ ÎÅ×ÅÒÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
&man.traceroute.8;. ïÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁ É ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÓÁÍÉ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ (ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ &man.ping.8; ÎÅ
ÓÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ).</para>
<para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ &man.traceroute.8; ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ, Ó
ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ. ïÎÁ
ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔÏÞÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÛÌÀÚÙ ÐÏ ÐÕÔÉ ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, × ËÏÎÃÅ
ËÏÎÃÏ× ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÑ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÑ Ó×ÏÀ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÉÚ-ÚÁ
ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>
<para>úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ
&man.traceroute.8;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ</primary>
<secondary>MROUTING</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>FreeBSD ÉÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ËÁË ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ Ó
ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÙÍ ÔÒÁÆÉËÏÍ, ÔÁË É ÅÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÀ. ôÁËÉÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ
ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÏÓÏÂÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ FreeBSD; ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÓÒÁÚÕ.
äÌÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ
ÜÔÏÇÏ ÂÙÌÁ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × ÑÄÒÏ:</para>
<programlisting>options MROUTING</programlisting>
<para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ, &man.mrouted.8;,
ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÁ
<filename>/etc/mrouted.conf</filename> ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÅÊ É
<acronym>DVMRP</acronym>. äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÈ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ
&man.mrouted.8;.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="network-wireless">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Eric</firstname>
<surname>Anderson</surname>
<contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>áÎÄÒÅÊ</firstname>
<surname>úÁÈ×ÁÔÏ×</surname>
<contrib>ðÅÒÅ×£Ì ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ ÑÚÙË </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>âÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>802.11</primary>
<see>ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ</see>
</indexterm>
<sect2>
<title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>
<para>âÙÌÏ ÂÙ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍ ÉÍÅÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ
ÂÅÚ ÈÌÏÐÏÔ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ËÁÂÅÌÅÍ.
FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÁË ËÌÉÅÎÔ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, É ÄÁÖÅ
× ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å <quote>ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ</quote> Ë ÎÅÊ.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>òÅÖÉÍÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ</title>
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ Ä×Á ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÇÏ
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ 802.11: BSS É IBSS.</para>
<sect3>
<title>òÅÖÉÍ BSS</title>
<para>òÅÖÉÍ BSS Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ. òÅÖÉÍ BSS ÔÁËÖÅ
ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÔÏÞÅË
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ Ë ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ
ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. ëÁÖÄÏÅ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÁÑ ÓÅÔØ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ. üÔÏ ÉÍÑ
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏÍ SSID ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
<para>ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ Ë ÜÔÉÍ ÔÏÞËÁÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ
ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ IEEE 802.11 ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ,
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ Ó×ÑÚÉ × ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ. ëÌÉÅÎÔ ÓÅÔÉ
ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÅÓÌÉ
ÚÁÄÁΠţ SSID. ëÌÉÅÎÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÌÀÂÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÅÓÌÉ
SSID ÎÅ ÚÁÄÁÎ.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>òÅÖÉÍ IBSS</title>
<para>òÅÖÉÍ IBSS, ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ad-hoc, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ
ÔÏÞËÁ-ÔÏÞËÁ. îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ Ä×Á ÔÉÐÁ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ad-hoc. ïÄÉÎ
ÉÚ ÎÉÈ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ IBSS, ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ ad-hoc ÉÌÉ
IEEE ad-hoc. üÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÐÒÅÄẠ̊ΠÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÁÍÉ IEEE 802.11. ÷ÔÏÒÏÊ
ÒÅÖÉÍ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÅÍÏÎÓÔÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ ad-hoc, ÉÌÉ Lucent ad-hoc
(ÉÌÉ, ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ, ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ ad-hoc). üÔÏ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ,
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×Á×ÛÉÊ ÄÏ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ 802.11, ÒÅÖÉÍ ad-hoc, É ÏÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ. ÷ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÍ
ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÉ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÒÅÖÉÍÏ× ad-hoc.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>òÅÖÉÍ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ</title>
<sect3>
<title>ôÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ</title>
<para>ôÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á,
ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÅ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅÍÕ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Õ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ
ËÏÎÃÅÎÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ. ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ×ÓÅ ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ
ÞÅÒÅÚ ÎÅ£. úÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÔÏÞÅË ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ
ÐÏËÒÙÔÉÑ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔØÀ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÚÏÎÙ, ÔÁËÏÊ, ËÁË ÄÏÍ, ÏÆÉÓ ÉÌÉ
ÐÁÒË.</para>
<para>ôÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÊ Ë ÓÅÔÉ: ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ
ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ É ÏÄÉÎ ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
ethernet-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
<para>ôÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÉÏÂÒÅÔÅÎÙ ÕÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÍÉ, ÌÉÂÏ
×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÕÀ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ FreeBSD É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ. îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÀÔ
ÔÏÞËÉ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ É ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó
ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ðÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ó FreeBSD</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ</primary>
<secondary>ÔÏÞËÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<sect4>
<title>ôÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</title>
<para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÕÀ ÔÏÞËÕ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÎÁ FreeBSD,
×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ
Prism. ÷ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ FreeBSD ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ
ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ (ÎÁÊÔÉ ÔÁËÏÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅÔÒÕÄÎÏ, FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ
ÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÏÓÔ (&man.bridge.4;) ÄÌÑ
ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ É
ÓÅÔØÀ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ Ë ÏÂÙÞÎÏÍÕ Ethernet-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÕ.</para>
<para>æÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÓÔØ hostap, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ FreeBSD ÄÌÑ
ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ
×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ. áÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ Prism 2 ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄ
×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.3.4 ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÊ. áÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ Prism 2.5 É Prism 3 ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 1.4.9. âÏÌÅÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ
ÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, Á ÍÏÇÕÔ É ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ. ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ
ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ &windows;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ Õ
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</title>
<para>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£Ô ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ
ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig -a</userinput>
wi0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::202:2dff:fe2d:c938%wi0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x7
inet 0.0.0.0 netmask 0xff000000 broadcast 255.255.255.255
ether 00:09:2d:2d:c9:50
media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect (DS/2Mbps)
status: no carrier
ssid ""
stationname "FreeBSD Wireless node"
channel 10 authmode OPEN powersavemode OFF powersavesleep 100
wepmode OFF weptxkey 1</screen>
<para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÎÅ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÊÔÅÓØ Ï ÄÅÔÁÌÑÈ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ,
ÞÔÏ ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÎÅÞÔÏ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÅÅ ÎÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ
ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ. åÓÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó
ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÓÔØÀ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ, É ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ
PC Card, ÔÏ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÉÍ
&man.pccardc.8; É &man.pccardd.8; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÔÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ
FreeBSD, ÞÔÏ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÚÁ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÍÏÓÔÏ×, ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ
Ó ÔÏÞËÏÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ. äÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ &man.bridge.4; ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload bridge</userinput></screen>
<para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅ
ÄÏÌÖÎÏ. åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÛÌÏ, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
×ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÄ ÄÌÑ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ &man.bridge.4; × ÑÄÒÏ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ×ÁÍ
ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÜÔÏÇÏ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ï <link
linkend="network-bridging">ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
ÍÏÓÔÏ×</link>.</para>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÌÉ Ó ÔÏÊ ÞÁÓÔØÀ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ
ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÍÏÓÔÁ, ÎÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÑÄÒÕ FreeBSD, ËÁËÉÅ
ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÔØÓÑ × ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍ ÍÏÓÔÅ. üÔÏ ÍÙ ÄÅÌÁÅÍ
ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.sysctl.8;:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.enable=1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.link.ether.bridge.config="wi0 xl0"</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1</userinput></screen>
<para>÷ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ &os;, ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ 5.2, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÕÖÎÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.link.ether.bridge=1</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.link.ether.bridge_cfg="wi0,xl0"</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1</userinput></screen>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.
óÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÔÏÞËÉ
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ:</para>
<screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig wi0 ssid <replaceable>my_net</replaceable> channel 11 media DS/11Mbps mediaopt hostap up stationname "<replaceable>FreeBSD AP</replaceable>"</userinput>
</screen>
<para>óÔÒÏÞËÁ &man.ifconfig.8; ÁËÔÉ×ÉÚÉÒÕÅÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
<devicename>wi0</devicename>, ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÅÇÏ SSID ËÁË
<replaceable>my_net</replaceable>, Á ÉÍÑ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ ËÁË
<replaceable>FreeBSD AP</replaceable>.
<option>media DS/11Mbps</option> ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÉÔ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ×
ÒÅÖÉÍ 11Mbps É ÎÕÖÅÎ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÒÁÂÏÔÁÌ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
<option>mediaopt</option>. ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>mediaopt
hostap</option> ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÉÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ × ÒÅÖÉÍ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ.
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>channel 11</option> ÚÁÄÁ£Ô ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÁÎÁÌÁ
802.11b. óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.wicontrol.8; ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÅÔ
ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ËÁÎÁÌÏ× ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÎÕÖÄ.</para>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ Õ ×ÁÓ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÁÑ
ÔÏÞËÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ. îÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÏ×ÅÔÕÅÍ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ
ÐÏ &man.wicontrol.8;, &man.ifconfig.8;, É &man.wi.4; ÄÌÑ
ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>
<para>ôÁËÖÅ ÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÐÒÏÞÔ£ÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ Ï
ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ</title>
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÔÏÞËÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ É ÎÁÞÁÌÁ Ó×ÏÀ
ÒÁÂÏÔÕ, ÏÐÅÒÁÔÏÒÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ×ÉÄÅÔØ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ×, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ
Ó ÜÔÏÊ ÔÏÞËÏÊ. ÷ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÏÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>wicontrol -l</userinput>
1 station:
00:09:b7:7b:9d:16 asid=04c0, flags=3<ASSOC,AUTH>, caps=1<ESS>, rates=f<1M,2M,5.5M,11M>, sig=38/15</screen>
<para>üÔÏ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÎÁ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑ Ó
ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÁÍÉ. ÷ÙÄÁ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÁË ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏÒ ÅÇÏ ÓÉÌÙ. åÇÏ
ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄ × dBm ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÅÄÉÎÉÃÙ ÉÚÍÅÒÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÎÙÈ
×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ</title>
<para>ëÌÉÅÎÔ × ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÔÏÞËÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ
ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ.</para>
<para>ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ
ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ, Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ
ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. ïÎÉ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÒÅÖÉÍÁÈ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ×
ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ BSS (ÒÅÖÉÍ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ
ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ) ÉÌÉ IBSS (ad-hoc ÉÌÉ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÄÎÏÒÁÎÇÏ×ÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ). ÷
ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÊ ÉÈ ÎÉÈ, ÒÅÖÉÍ
BSS, ÄÌÑ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÔÏÞËÏÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ.</para>
<sect4>
<title>ôÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</title>
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÎÏ Ö£ÓÔËÏÅ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ FreeBSD ×
ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
Ó×ÑÚÉ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ FreeBSD.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ FreeBSD ËÁË ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ</title>
<para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÚÎÁÔØ Ï ÎÅÊ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÅÝÅÊ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÍÙ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÍÓÑ
Ë ÓÅÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <replaceable>my_net</replaceable>,
É ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ÎÅÊ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÏ.</para>
<note><para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÎÏ
ÜÔÏ ÎÅÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏ. ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ×Ù ÕÚÎÁÅÔÅ, ËÁË Å£ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ,
ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÜÔÏ ÔÁË ×ÁÖÎÏ, É ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÉ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×Ó£
ÖÅ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔØ ×ÁÛÕ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ
ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ.</para></note>
<para>õÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ£ÔÓÑ ×Ï FreeBSD:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig -a</userinput>
wi0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::202:2dff:fe2d:c938%wi0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x7
inet 0.0.0.0 netmask 0xff000000 broadcast 255.255.255.255
ether 00:09:2d:2d:c9:50
media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect (DS/2Mbps)
status: no carrier
ssid ""
stationname "FreeBSD Wireless node"
channel 10 authmode OPEN powersavemode OFF powersavesleep 100
wepmode OFF weptxkey 1</screen>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ÎÁ ÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ
ÎÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig wi0 inet <replaceable>192.168.0.20</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable> ssid <replaceable>my_net</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.0.20</hostid> É <hostid
role="netmask">255.255.255.0</hostid> ÎÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ É
ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÍÁÓËÕ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. úÁÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÛÁ ÔÏÞËÁ
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÅÔ × ÒÏÌÉ ÍÏÓÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ É
ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÑÍÉ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×,
ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÈÓÑ × ÓÅÔÉ, ËÁË ÂÕÄÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÔÏÖÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
<para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÜÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÌÉ, ÔÏ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ping ÏÔ ÈÏÓÔÏ×
× ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ËÁË ÂÕÄÔÏ ×Ù ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÙ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ
ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÏ×.</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÔÏÌËÎÕÌÉÓØ Ó ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ × ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
ÓÅÔÉ, ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÁÓÓÏÃÉÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ (ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÙ) Ó ÔÏÞËÏÊ
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig wi0</userinput></screen>
<para>ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ×ÙÄÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, É ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ:</para>
<screen>status: associated</screen>
<para>åÓÌÉ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ
<literal>associated</literal>, ÜÔÏ
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÏËÁÚÁÌÉÓØ ×ÎÅ ÚÏÎÙ ÄÏÓÑÇÁÅÍÏÓÔÉ ÔÏÞËÉ
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, ×ËÌÀÞÉÌÉ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÉÌÉ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ûÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ</primary>
<secondary>ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>ûÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÍÅÅÔ ×ÁÖÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ
Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÔØ ÓÅÔØ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÚÁÝÉÝ£ÎÎÏÊ
ÏÂÌÁÓÔØÀ. äÁÎÎÙÅ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ×ÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÊ
ÏËÒÅÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×Á×ÛÉÊÓÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÈ ÓÞÉÔÁÔØ. ÷ÏÔ
ÚÄÅÓØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ. ûÉÆÒÕÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÍÙÅ ×
ÜÆÉÒ, ×Ù ÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ ÉÈ ÐÒÑÍÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÈ×ÁÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ
ÌÀÂÏÐÙÔÎÙÈ.</para>
<para>ä×ÕÍÑ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÍÙÍÉ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁÍÉ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
ÍÅÖÄÕ ×ÁÛÉÍ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ É ÔÏÞËÏÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ WEP
É &man.ipsec.4;.</para>
<sect4>
<title>WEP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>WEP</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>WEP Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÔ Wired Equivalency Protocol
(ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ óÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ðÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ). WEP Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÐÙÔËÏÊ
ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÖÅ ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÙÍÉ É ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÙÍÉ, ËÁË
ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÙÅ. ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÏÎ ÂÙÌ ×ÚÌÏÍÁÎ É ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÌÅÇËÏ
ÐÏÄÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ×ÓËÒÙÔÉÀ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ,
ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÏÐÉÒÁÔØÓÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÒÅÞØ ÉÄ£Ô Ï ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
ËÒÉÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>
<para>ïÎ ÌÕÞÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÄÌÑ
×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ WEP × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÔÏÞËÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ FreeBSD:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig wi0 inet up ssid <replaceable>my_net</replaceable> wepmode on wepkey <replaceable>0x1234567890</replaceable> media DS/11Mbps mediaopt hostap</userinput></screen>
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ WEP ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig wi0 inet <replaceable>192.168.0.20</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable> ssid <replaceable>my_net</replaceable> wepmode on wepkey <replaceable>0x1234567890</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>ïÔÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ
<replaceable>0x1234567890</replaceable> ÎÁ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÊ ËÌÀÞ.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>IPsec</title>
<para>&man.ipsec.4; Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÙÍ É ÍÏÝÎÙÍ
ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÓÅÔÉ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏ
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
ÓÅÔÉ. âÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ É ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅÍ
&man.ipsec.4; ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÂ <link
linkend="ipsec">IPsec</link> ÜÔÏÇÏ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>õÔÉÌÉÔÙ</title>
<para>éÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ É ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, É ÚÄÅÓØ ÍÙ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÅÍÓÑ
ÏÐÉÓÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ É ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>
<sect4>
<title>ðÁËÅÔ <application>bsd-airtools</application></title>
<para>ðÁËÅÔ <application>bsd-airtools</application> ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
ÓÏÂÏÊ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏ×, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ
ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÍÅÔ ×ÚÌÏÍÁ WEP-ËÌÀÞÁ,
ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ É ÔÏÍÕ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÅ.</para>
<para>õÔÉÌÉÔÙ <application>bsd-airtools</application> ÍÏÖÎÏ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename
role="package">net-mgmt/bsd-airtools</filename>. éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ
Ï ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × çÌÁ×Å <xref linkend="ports"/>
ÜÔÏÇÏ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>
<para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <command>dstumbler</command> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ,
ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ É ×ÙÄÁÞÉ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ
ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ Ë ÛÕÍÕ. åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ Ó ÔÒÕÄÏÍ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ
ÔÏÞËÕ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, <command>dstumbler</command> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ ×ÁÍ
ÎÁÞÁÔØ.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
ÓÅÔÉ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ <quote>dweputils</quote>
(<command>dwepcrack</command>, <command>dwepdump</command> É
<command>dwepkeygen</command>), ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ
ÐÏÎÑÔØ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ WEP ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ × ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>õÔÉÌÉÔÙ <command>wicontrol</command>,
<command>ancontrol</command> É
<command>raycontrol</command></title>
<para>üÔÏ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÄÌÑ
ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅÍ
ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ × ÓÅÔÉ. ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ ÍÙ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÌÉ
&man.wicontrol.8;, ÔÁË ËÁË ÎÁÛÉÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏÍ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÂÙÌ
ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ <devicename>wi0</devicename>. åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÏÔ Cisco, ÜÔÉÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ
<devicename>an0</devicename>, É ÔÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ &man.ancontrol.8;.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>ifconfig</command></title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ifconfig</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ &man.ifconfig.8; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÉÚ ÔÅÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÞÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ£Ô &man.wicontrol.8;, ÏÄÎÁËÏ
ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ × ÎÅÊ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
&man.ifconfig.8; ÄÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× É ÏÐÃÉÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ
ÓÔÒÏËÉ.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ</title>
<sect4>
<title>ôÏÞËÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ</title>
<para>åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ BSS (ËÁË ÔÏÞËÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ), Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÅ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÞÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ Prism 2, 2.5
ÉÌÉ 3). ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÍÏÖÎÏ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ × &man.wi.4;.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ 802.11b</title>
<para>ðÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ Ó×ÑÚÉ 802.11b ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×Ï FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ. âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×,
ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å Prism, Spectrum24, Hermes, Aironet É Raylink,
ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
IBSS (ad-hoc, ÏÄÎÏÒÁÎÇÏ×ÁÑ ÓÅÔØ É BSS).</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ 802.11a É 802.11g</title>
<para>äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á &man.ath.4; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ 802.11a É 802.11g.
åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ËÁÒÔÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÞÉÐÓÅÔÅ Atheros, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
ÜÔÏÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ.</para>
<para>ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ, ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÈ
ÓÈÅÍÁÔÉËÕ Ó×ÏÉÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ× ÓÏÏÂÝÅÓÔ×Õ open source, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
ÜÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÙÍ ÓÅËÒÅÔÏÍ. óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,
Õ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× FreeBSD É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ
Ä×Á ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ: ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÄÏÌÇÉÍ É ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ
ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÖÉÎÉÒÉÎÇÁ, ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ
ÄÌÑ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ µsoft.windows;. âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ×
FreeBSD ×ÙÂÒÁÌÉ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ.</para>
<para>âÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÑ ÕÓÉÌÉÑÍ âÉÌÌÁ ðÏÌÁ (wpaul), ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ
Ó FreeBSD 5.3-RELEASE ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ <quote>ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÁÑ</quote>
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS).
FreeBSD NDISulator (ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË Project Evil)
ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &windows; ÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË É × &windows;. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
ÎÏ×Á, ÎÏ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÔÅÓÔÏ× ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÏ.</para>
<indexterm><primary>NDIS</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË NDIS</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ &windows;</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Microsoft Windows</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>Microsoft Windows</primary>
<secondary>ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>KLD (ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÙÊ ÏÂßÅËÔ ÑÄÒÁ)</primary></indexterm>
<!-- We should probably omit the expanded name, and add a <see> entry
for it. Whatever is done must also be done to the same indexterm in
linuxemu/chapter.xml -->
<para>äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ NDISulator ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÒÉ ×ÅÝÉ:</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>éÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÑÄÒÁ</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>âÉÎÁÒÎÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &windowsxp;
(ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ <filename>.SYS</filename>)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>æÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ &windowsxp;
(ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ <filename>.INF</filename>)</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ ÍÉÎÉ ÐÏÒÔÁ
&man.ndis.4;. ðÏÄ <username>root</username>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/modules/ndis</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>make && make install</userinput></screen>
<para>ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔÅ ÍÅÓÔÏÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÊ ËÁÒÔÙ. ïÂÙÞÎÏ
ÉÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÅÍ × ËÏÍÐÌÅËÔ CD ÉÌÉ ÎÁ Web-ÓÁÊÔÅ
ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁ. ÷ ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÙ
<filename>W32DRIVER.SYS</filename> É
<filename>W32DRIVER.INF</filename>.</para>
<para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÛÁÇ ÜÔÏ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÑ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ×
ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÙÊ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÑÄÒÁ. þÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÚÁÊÄÉÔÅ ×
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ <filename>if_ndis</filename> É Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ
<username>root</username> ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÔÕÄÁ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ
&windows;:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/sys/modules/if_ndis</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp <replaceable>/path/to/driver/W32DRIVER.SYS</replaceable> ./</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp <replaceable>/path/to/driver/W32DRIVER.INF</replaceable> ./</userinput></screen>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ <command>ndiscvt</command> ÄÌÑ
ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ
<filename>ndis_driver_data.h</filename> ÐÅÒÅÄ ÓÂÏÒËÏÊ
ÍÏÄÕÌÑ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ndiscvt -i <replaceable>W32DRIVER.INF</replaceable> -s <replaceable>W32DRIVER.SYS</replaceable> -o ndis_driver_data.h</userinput></screen>
<para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ <option>-i</option> É <option>-s</option> ÚÁÄÁÀÔ
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ É ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ. íÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ
ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-o ndis_driver_data.h</option>, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ
<filename>Makefile</filename> ÐÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ ÍÏÄÕÌÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÆÁÊÌÕ.</para>
<note>
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁÍ &windows; ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ
ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ
<command>ndiscvt</command> <option>-f</option>. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ
Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &man.ndiscvt.8; ÚÁ
ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
</note>
<para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÓÏÂÅÒÉÔÅ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make && make install</userinput></screen>
<para>äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ
ÍÏÄÕÌÉ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload ndis</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload if_ndis</userinput></screen>
<para>ðÅÒ×ÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÍÉÎÉ-ÐÏÒÔÁ NDIS,
×ÔÏÒÁÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ. ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ
&man.dmesg.8; ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÍÅÔ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ. åÓÌÉ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÛÌÏ
ÈÏÒÏÛÏ, ×Ù×ÏÄ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÉÍ:</para>
<screen>ndis0: <Wireless-G PCI Adapter> mem 0xf4100000-0xf4101fff irq 3 at device 8.0 on pci1
ndis0: NDIS API version: 5.0
ndis0: Ethernet address: 0a:b1:2c:d3:4e:f5
ndis0: 11b rates: 1Mbps 2Mbps 5.5Mbps 11Mbps
ndis0: 11g rates: 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps</screen>
<para>îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
<devicename>ndis0</devicename> ËÁË ÌÀÂÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÅ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <devicename>wi0</devicename>);
× ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÁÑ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÜÔÏÊ
ÇÌÁ×Ù.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="network-bluetooth">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Pav</firstname>
<surname>Lucistnik</surname>
<contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
<affiliation>
<address><email>pav@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>Bluetooth</title>
<indexterm><primary>Bluetooth</primary></indexterm>
<sect2>
<title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>
<para>Bluetooth Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÅÊ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ ÎÁ ÒÁÓÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ 10 ÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÎÁ
ÞÁÓÔÏÔÅ 2.4 ççÃ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÌÅÖÉÔ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ. ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÔÁËÉÅ
ÓÅÔÉ ÆÏÒÍÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÅ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÙ,
ëðë É ÌÜÐÔÏÐÙ. ÷ ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ Wi-Fi, ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÏÊ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÊ
ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÉ, Bluetooth ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÉÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ,
ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ ÔÉÐÁ FTP, ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÇÏÌÏÓÁ, ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÀ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ.</para>
<para>óÔÅË ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ× Bluetooth ×Ï &os; ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÉ
Netgraph (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë &man.netgraph.4;). ûÉÒÏËÉÊ ÓÐÅËÔÒ USB-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
Bluetooth ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ &man.ng.ubt.4;. õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
Bluetooth ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ Broadcom BCM2033 ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ &man.ng.bt3c.4;. õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Bluetooth, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ É UART-ÐÏÒÔÙ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁÍÉ &man.sio.4;,
&man.ng.h4.4; É &man.hcseriald.8;. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÍÙÈ ÞÅÒÅÚ USB.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á</title>
<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× Bluetooth ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ
ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ ÑÄÒÁ. ðÅÒÅÄ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÄÇÒÕÚÉÔØ
ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ × ÑÄÒÏ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kldload ng_ubt</userinput></screen>
<para>åÓÌÉ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï × ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÏ, ÔÏ
ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÊÔÅ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>ng_ubt_load="YES"</programlisting>
<para>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ×ÁÛÅ USB-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï. îÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ (ÉÌÉ × ÖÕÒÎÁÌÅ
syslog) ÐÏÑ×ÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ:</para>
<screen>ubt0: vendor 0x0a12 product 0x0001, rev 1.10/5.25, addr 2
ubt0: Interface 0 endpoints: interrupt=0x81, bulk-in=0x82, bulk-out=0x2
ubt0: Interface 1 (alt.config 5) endpoints: isoc-in=0x83, isoc-out=0x3,
wMaxPacketSize=49, nframes=6, buffer size=294</screen>
<note>
<para>óÔÅË ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ× Bluetooth ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ×Ï &os; 6.0, É ×Ï
&os; 5.X, ÐÅÒÅÄ 5.5. üÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ &man.devd.8;
×Ï &os; 5.5, 6.1 É × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ.</para>
<para>óËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
<filename>/usr/share/examples/netgraph/bluetooth/rc.bluetooth</filename>
× ËÁËÏÅ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, × ÆÁÊÌ
<filename>/etc/rc.bluetooth</filename>. üÔÏÔ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ É ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Bluetooth-ÓÔÅËÁ. ðÅÒÅÄ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ, ÈÏÔÑ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ) ÜÔÏ ÎÅ
ÆÁÔÁÌØÎÏ. ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÓÔÅËÁ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.bluetooth start ubt0</userinput>
BD_ADDR: 00:02:72:00:d4:1a
Features: 0xff 0xff 0xf 00 00 00 00 00
<3-Slot> <5-Slot> <Encryption> <Slot offset>
<Timing accuracy> <Switch> <Hold mode> <Sniff mode>
<Park mode> <RSSI> <Channel quality> <SCO link>
<HV2 packets> <HV3 packets> <u-law log> <A-law log> <CVSD>
<Paging scheme> <Power control> <Transparent SCO data>
Max. ACL packet size: 192 bytes
Number of ACL packets: 8
Max. SCO packet size: 64 bytes
Number of SCO packets: 8</screen>
</note>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Host Controller Interface (HCI)</title>
<indexterm><primary>HCI</primary></indexterm>
<para>Host Controller Interface (HCI) ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÄÌÑ
ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÏÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔÞÉËÁ É ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÏÍ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ
ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÄÁÎÎÙÍ Ï ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÅÇÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÍ.
üÔÏÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÕÎÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë
ÐÅÒÅÄÁÀÝÉÍ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍ Bluetooth. õÒÏ×ÅÎØ HCI ÎÁ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
ÏÂÍÅÎÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ É ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ Ó ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÏÍ HCI × ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
Bluetooth. äÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ Host Controller Transport Layer (ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ
ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÛÉÎÙ) ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÏÂÏÉÍ ÓÌÏÑÍ HCI ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÂÍÅÎÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ
ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÒÕÇ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÍ.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÏÚÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ ÕÚÅÌ Netgraph ÔÉÐÁ
<emphasis>hci</emphasis>. HCI-ÕÚÅÌ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÕÚÌÕ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Bluetooth (×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÐÏÔÏË) É Ë ÕÚÌÕ L2CAP (ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÐÏÔÏË).
÷ÓÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ Ó HCI ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÕÚÌÅ HCI, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÎÁ ÕÚÌÅ
ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á. ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÉÍÅÎÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÕÚÌÁ HCI
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ <quote>devicehci</quote>. äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ &man.ng.hci.4;.</para>
<para>ïÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÏÊ ÚÁÄÁÞ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ
Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× × ÒÁÄÉÕÓÅ RF-ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÓÔÉ. üÔÁ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
<emphasis>ÏÐÒÏÓÏÍ</emphasis> (inquiry). ïÐÒÏÓ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ,
Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó HCI, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ &man.hccontrol.8;.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ËÁË ÎÁÊÔÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Bluetooth.
óÐÉÓÏË ÔÁËÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎ × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÓÅËÕÎÄ.
úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÂÕÄÕÔ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÔØ ÎÁ ÏÐÒÏÓ, ÅÓÌÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ
ÏÎÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ <emphasis>ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÓÔÉ</emphasis>
(discoverable).</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>hccontrol -n ubt0hci inquiry</userinput>
Inquiry result, num_responses=1
Inquiry result #0
BD_ADDR: 00:80:37:29:19:a4
Page Scan Rep. Mode: 0x1
Page Scan Period Mode: 00
Page Scan Mode: 00
Class: 52:02:04
Clock offset: 0x78ef
Inquiry complete. Status: No error [00]</screen>
<para><literal>BD_ADDR</literal> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÕÎÉËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
Bluetooth, ×ÒÏÄÅ MAC-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×. üÔÏÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ
ÄÌÑ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ. áÄÒÅÓÕ BD_ADDR ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÉÔØ
ÕÄÏÂÎÏÅ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÉÍÑ. æÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/bluetooth/hosts</filename>
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÁÈ Bluetooth. ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÉÍÑ, ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÏÅ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÍÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>hccontrol -n ubt0hci remote_name_request 00:80:37:29:19:a4</userinput>
BD_ADDR: 00:80:37:29:19:a4
Name: Pav's T39</screen>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÏÐÒÏÓ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å, ÎÏ ×ÁÛ
ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÏÚÎÁÎ ËÁË <quote>your.host.name (ubt0)</quote>.
éÍÑ, ÎÁÚÎÁÞÁÅÍÏÅ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ × ÌÀÂÏÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ.</para>
<para>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ Bluetooth ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÕÓÌÕÇÉ ÐÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍ ÔÉÐÁ
ÔÏÞËÁ-ÔÏÞËÁ (ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ä×Á ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Bluetooth)
ÉÌÉ ÔÏÞËÁ-ËÏ-ÍÎÏÇÉÍ-ÔÏÞËÁÍ. ÷ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ Bluetooth. ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>hccontrol -n ubt0hci read_connection_list</userinput>
Remote BD_ADDR Handle Type Mode Role Encrypt Pending Queue State
00:80:37:29:19:a4 41 ACL 0 MAST NONE 0 0 OPEN</screen>
<para>éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (<emphasis>connection handle</emphasis>)
ÐÏÌÅÚÅÎ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÅËÒÁÔÉÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
ÎÅÔ ÎÕÖÄÙ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ. óÔÅË ÂÕÄÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÔØ
ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>hccontrol -n ubt0hci disconnect 41</userinput>
Connection handle: 41
Reason: Connection terminated by local host [0x16]</screen>
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ <command>hccontrol help</command>
ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ HCI-ËÏÍÁÎÄ. âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ËÏÍÁÎÄ
HCI ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÐÒÁ× ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)</title>
<indexterm><primary>L2CAP</primary></indexterm>
<para>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol)
ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÕÓÌÕÇÉ ÐÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ, ËÁË ÏÒÉÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÔÁË É ÂÅÚ ÏÒÉÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ, ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁÍ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ
ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÍÕÌØÔÉÐÌÅËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ ÐÏ
ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ É ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÂÏÒËÅ. L2CAP ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁÍ ÂÏÌÅÅ
×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ É ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØ É ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
L2CAP ÄÌÉÎÏÊ ÄÏ 64 ëÂÁÊÔ.</para>
<para>L2CAP ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ËÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÉ <emphasis>ËÁÎÁÌÏ×</emphasis>. ëÁÎÁÌÏÍ
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÒÁÄÉÏËÁÎÁÌÕ.
ëÁÖÄÙÊ ËÁÎÁÌ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÍÕ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ ÐÏ ÐÒÉÎÃÉÐÕ
ÍÎÏÇÉÅ-Ë-ÏÄÎÏÍÕ. îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÁÎÁÌÏ× ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎÙ Ë ÏÄÎÏÍÕ É
ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ, ÎÏ ËÁÎÁÌ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎ Ë ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍ
ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁÍ. ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÁËÅÔ L2CAP, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍÙÊ ËÁÎÁÌÏÍ, ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ. îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÁÎÁÌÏ×
ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÎÏ É ÔÏ ÖÅ ÒÁÄÉÏÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ ÕÚÅÌ Netgraph ÔÉÐÁ
<emphasis>l2cap</emphasis>. õÚÅÌ L2CAP ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÕÚÌÕ
Bluetooth HCI (ÎÉÖÅÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ) É ÕÚÌÁÍ Bluetooth-ÓÏËÅÔÏ× (×ÙÛÅÓÔÏÑÝÉÅ).
ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÕÚÌÁ L2CAP ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÑ
<quote>devicel2cap</quote>. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏ &man.ng.l2cap.4;.</para>
<para>ðÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ &man.l2ping.8;, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ Bluetooth ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÅ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÍÙÅ ÉÍ,
ÔÁË ÞÔÏ <literal>0 bytes</literal> × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ - ÜÔÏ
ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>l2ping -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4</userinput>
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=0 time=48.633 ms result=0
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=1 time=37.551 ms result=0
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=2 time=28.324 ms result=0
0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=3 time=46.150 ms result=0</screen>
<para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.l2control.8; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ Ó ÕÚÌÁÍÉ L2CAP. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÐÉÓÏË
ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ (ËÁÎÁÌÏ×) É ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÒÁÄÉÏÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_channel_list</userinput>
L2CAP channels:
Remote BD_ADDR SCID/ DCID PSM IMTU/ OMTU State
00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 66/ 64 3 132/ 672 OPEN
&prompt.user; <userinput>l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_connection_list</userinput>
L2CAP connections:
Remote BD_ADDR Handle Flags Pending State
00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 41 O 0 OPEN</screen>
<para>åÝ£ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉÞÅÓËÉÍ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ &man.btsockstat.1;.
ïÎÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ
&man.netstat.1;, ÎÏ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁÍÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÒÁÂÏÔÏÊ × ÓÅÔÉ
Bluetooth. ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÎÉÖÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ É Ó &man.l2control.8; ×ÙÛÅ.</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>btsockstat</userinput>
Active L2CAP sockets
PCB Recv-Q Send-Q Local address/PSM Foreign address CID State
c2afe900 0 0 00:02:72:00:d4:1a/3 00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 66 OPEN
Active RFCOMM sessions
L2PCB PCB Flag MTU Out-Q DLCs State
c2afe900 c2b53380 1 127 0 Yes OPEN
Active RFCOMM sockets
PCB Recv-Q Send-Q Local address Foreign address Chan DLCI State
c2e8bc80 0 250 00:02:72:00:d4:1a 00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 3 6 OPEN</screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ RFCOMM</title>
<indexterm><primary>RFCOMM</primary></indexterm>
<para>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ RFCOMM ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÔ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ
L2CAP. ïÎ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ETSI-ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÅ TS 07.10. RFCOMM ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
ÓÏÂÏÊ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÔÒÁÎÓÐÏÒÔÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ, Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÐÏ
ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ 9 ÃÅÐÅÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× RS-232 (EIATIA-232-E).
ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ RFCOMM ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÄÏ 60 ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ (ËÁÎÁÌÏ×
RFCOMM) ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ Bluetooth.</para>
<para>÷ ÒÁÍËÁÈ RFCOMM ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ Ä×Á
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ (ËÏÎÅÞÎÙÅ ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ
ÔÏÞËÉ) Ó ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏÍ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÉÍÉ. RFCOMM ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ
ÄÌÑ ÓÏËÒÙÔÉÑ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×,
× ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÎÉ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ. ëÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔ ÐÏ ÓÕÔÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
Bluetooth-Ó×ÑÚØÀ ÏÔ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á Ë ÄÒÕÇÏÍÕ (ÐÒÑÍÏÅ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ).</para>
<para>RFCOMM ÉÍÅÅÔ ÄÅÌÏ Ó ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÒÑÍÏÇÏ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÉÌÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ É ÍÏÄÅÍÏÍ × ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ. RFCOMM
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË ÍÏÄÕÌÉ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ
ÞÅÒÅÚ ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÕÀ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÀ Bluetooth Ó ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ É
ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅ ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ.</para>
<para>÷Ï &os; ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ RFCOMM ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÓÏËÅÔÏ×
Bluetooth.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Pairing of Devices</title>
<indexterm><primary>pairing</primary></indexterm>
<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ Ó×ÑÚØ Bluetooth ÎÅ ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÌÀÂÏÅ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÝÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÌÀÂÙÍ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ. õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï Bluetooth
(ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÊ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎ) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ
ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ (× ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÕÓÌÕÇÕ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ
ÐÏ ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÌÉÎÉÉ). Bluetooth-ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ
ÞÅÒÅÚ <emphasis>PIN-ËÏÄÙ</emphasis>. PIN-ËÏÄ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÉÚ ÓÅÂÑ
ASCII-ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÄÌÉÎÏÊ ÄÏ 16 ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÏÂÑÚÁÎ ××ÅÓÔÉ ÏÄÉÎ É
ÔÏÔ ÖÅ PIN-ËÏÄ ÎÁ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ. ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÎ ××ÅÄ£Ô PIN-ËÏÄ,
ÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÀÔ <emphasis>ËÌÀÞ Ó×ÑÚÉ</emphasis>. ðÏÓÌÅ
ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÌÀÞ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÈÒÁΣΠÌÉÂÏ × ÓÁÍÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å, ÌÉÂÏ ÎÁ
ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÍ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÅ. ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚ ÏÂÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
ÒÁÎÅÅ ÓÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ËÌÀÞ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. ðÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÁ, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ ×ÙÛÅ,
ÎÏÓÉÔ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ <emphasis>ÐÏÄÇÏÎËÉ ÐÁÒÙ</emphasis> (pairing). úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ,
ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ËÌÀÞ Ó×ÑÚÉ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÉÚ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ, ÔÏ ÐÏÄÂÏÒ ÐÁÒÙ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ
ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÅÎ.</para>
<para>úÁ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÕ ×ÓÅÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ÎÁ Bluetooth-ÁÕÔÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÀ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ
ÄÁÅÍÏÎ &man.hcsecd.8;. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
<filename>/etc/bluetooth/hcsecd.conf</filename>. ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ,
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÇÏ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÓÏÔÏ×ÏÍ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÅ Ó Ñ×ÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÍ PIN-ËÏÄÏÍ
<quote>1234</quote> ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎ ÎÉÖÅ:</para>
<programlisting>device {
bdaddr 00:80:37:29:19:a4;
name "Pav's T39";
key nokey;
pin "1234";
}</programlisting>
<para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÄÌÉÎÙ, ÎÁ PIN-ËÏÄÙ ÎÅ ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ.
îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, Bluetooth-ÇÁÒÎÉÔÕÒÙ) ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ
ÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ PIN-ËÏÄ. ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <option>-d</option>
ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ &man.hcsecd.8; ËÁË ÎÅÆÏÎÏ×ÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÌÅÇÞÁÅÔ
ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÊ. úÁÄÁÊÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÎÏÇÏ ËÌÀÞÁ ÎÁ
ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å É ÉÎÉÃÉÉÒÕÊÔÅ Bluetooth-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ÜÔÉÍ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ. õÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÄÉÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÙ É
ÚÁÐÒÏÓÉÔØ PIN-ËÏÄ. ÷×ÅÄÉÔÅ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÊ ËÏÄ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
<filename>hcsecd.conf</filename>. ôÅÐÅÒØ ×ÁÛ ðë É ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
ÓÐÁÒÅÎÙ. áÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÃÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
ÐÁÒÙ ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å.</para>
<para>÷Ï &os; 5.5, 6.1 É × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ, ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ Ë <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ÞÔÏÂÙ
<application>hcsecd</application> ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÌÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ:</para>
<programlisting>hcsecd_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>îÉÖÅ ÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×ÙÄÁÞÉ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <application>hcsecd</application>:</para>
<programlisting>hcsecd[16484]: Got Link_Key_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4
hcsecd[16484]: Found matching entry, remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4, name 'Pav's T39', link key doesn't exist
hcsecd[16484]: Sending Link_Key_Negative_Reply to 'ubt0hci' for remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4
hcsecd[16484]: Got PIN_Code_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4
hcsecd[16484]: Found matching entry, remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4, name 'Pav's T39', PIN code exists
hcsecd[16484]: Sending PIN_Code_Reply to 'ubt0hci' for remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)</title>
<indexterm><primary>SDP</primary></indexterm>
<para>ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× SDP ÄÁ£Ô ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÍ
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÕÓÌÕÇ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÎÙÍÉ
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÜÔÉÈ ÕÓÌÕÇ. ÷ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÏ×
ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÉÐ ËÌÁÓÓÁ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ É ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï
ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÅ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÅ, ÔÒÅÂÕÅÍÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ.</para>
<para>SDP ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ SDP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ É SDP-ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ.
óÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ
ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ. ëÁÖÄÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ Ï ÕÓÌÕÇÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÏÄÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÅ. ëÌÉÅÎÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÉÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÏÂ
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÅ, ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍ SDP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ, ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÑ SDP-ÚÁÐÒÏÓ.
åÓÌÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÏÅ Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ, ÒÅÛÁÔ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏÍ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÔËÒÙÔØ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÅ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÅÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ. SDP ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÌÕÇ É ÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÄÁ£Ô ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×.</para>
<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ SDP-ËÌÉÅÎÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÐÏÉÓË ÕÓÌÕÇ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
ÖÅÌÁÅÍÙÈ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉË ÕÓÌÕÇ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ
×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÔÉÐÏ× ÕÓÌÕÇ, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ SDP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ,
ÎÅ ÉÍÅÑ ÎÉËÁËÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁÈ. ôÁËÏÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ
×ÓÅÈ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <emphasis>ÏÂÚÏÒÏÍ</emphasis>
(browsing).</para>
<para>Bluetooth SDP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ &man.sdpd.8; É ËÌÉÅÎÔ Ó ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ &man.sdpcontrol.8; ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ × ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÕÀ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ
&os;. ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ
ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÎÁ SDP-ÏÂÚÏÒ.</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec browse</userinput>
Record Handle: 00000000
Service Class ID List:
Service Discovery Server (0x1000)
Protocol Descriptor List:
L2CAP (0x0100)
Protocol specific parameter #1: u/int/uuid16 1
Protocol specific parameter #2: u/int/uuid16 1
Record Handle: 0x00000001
Service Class ID List:
Browse Group Descriptor (0x1001)
Record Handle: 0x00000002
Service Class ID List:
LAN Access Using PPP (0x1102)
Protocol Descriptor List:
L2CAP (0x0100)
RFCOMM (0x0003)
Protocol specific parameter #1: u/int8/bool 1
Bluetooth Profile Descriptor List:
LAN Access Using PPP (0x1102) ver. 1.0
</screen>
<para>... É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ
ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÏ× (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÁÎÁÌ RFCOMM). ÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÇÄÅ-ÔÏ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÙ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ
Bluetooth ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× É ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÔØ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ
ÓÐÉÓÏË. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÅÎ ÐÏÉÓË ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÊ ÕÓÌÕÇÉ. ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ
ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÓÌÕÖÂÙ OBEX Object Push
(OPUSH):</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec search OPUSH</userinput></screen>
<para>÷Ï &os; ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ Bluetooth ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ &man.sdpd.8;. ÷Ï &os; 5.5, 6.1 É × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÈ, ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>sdpd_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ <application>sdpd</application> ÄÁÅÍÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ
Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/sdpd start</userinput></screen>
<para>÷Ï &os; 6.0, É ×Ï &os; 5.X ÐÅÒÅÄ 5.5,
<application>sdpd</application> ÎÅ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ × ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ïÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sdpd</userinput></screen>
<para>ðÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ, ÖÅÌÁÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ
Bluetooth ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÍ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ, ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ SDP. ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ — &man.rfcomm.pppd.8;.
ðÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÏÎÏ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÕÅÔ Bluetooth LAN ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ SDP.</para>
<para>óÐÉÓÏË ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×, ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ SDP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ,
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎ ÐÕÔÅÍ ×ÙÄÁÞÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒ SDP ÞÅÒÅÚ
ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÎÁÌ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sdpcontrol -l browse</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>äÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏ ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÌÉÎÉÉ Ó×ÑÚÉ (DUN) É ÐÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ
PPP (LAN)</title>
<para>íÏÄÕÌØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ Ë ÓÅÔÉ (DUN - Dial-Up
Networking) × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ Ó ÍÏÄÅÍÁÍÉ É ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÍÉ
ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÁÍÉ. üÔÏÔ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÐÏËÒÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÉ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÊ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎ ÉÌÉ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏÍ
× ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÂÅÓÐÒÏ×ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ
ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ
ÕÓÌÕÇÅ;</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÊ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎ ÉÌÉ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉ£ÍÁ
×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>íÏÄÕÌØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÕ PPP (Network Access with
PPP - LAN) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÈ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ì÷ó ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á;</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ì÷ó ÄÌÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×;</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Ó×ÑÚØ ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ðë (ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ PPP ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ
ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÎÁÌÁ Ó×ÑÚÉ).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>÷Ï &os; ÏÂÁ ÓÌÕÞÁÑ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
&man.ppp.8; É &man.rfcomm.pppd.8; - ÜÔÏ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÞÉË, ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÀÝÉÊ
RFCOMM-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Bluetooth × ÎÅÞÔÏ, Ó ÞÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ PPP. ðÅÒÅÄ
ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÍÏÄÕÌØ, × ÆÁÊÌÅ
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ
PPP-ÍÅÔËÁ. ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ Ë
&man.rfcomm.pppd.8;.</para>
<para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ &man.rfcomm.pppd.8; ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ
ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÑ RFCOMM-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ë ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÍÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ Ó BD_ADDR
00:80:37:29:19:a4 ÎÁ DUN RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌÅ. òÅÁÌØÎÙÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌÁ
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÞÅÒÅÚ SDP. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ, É × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ &man.rfcomm.pppd.8; ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ SDP-ÚÁÐÒÏÓ. äÌÑ ÎÁÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌÁ ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÍ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ &man.sdpcontrol.8;.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rfcomm_pppd -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -c -C dun -l rfcomm-dialup</userinput></screen>
<para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ Network Access with PPP (LAN),
ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ &man.sdpd.8;. ÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ
ÄÌÑ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× LAN. ðÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÓÐÒÁ×ËÅ ÐÏ
&man.rfcomm.pppd.8;. îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ RFCOMM PPP ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÁ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍ ÎÏÍÅÒÅ ËÁÎÁÌÁ RFCOMM. óÅÒ×ÅÒ RFCOMM PPP Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÕÅÔ Bluetooth LAN ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ SDP ÄÁÅÍÏÎ.
÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ RFCOMM PPP.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rfcomm_pppd -s -C 7 -l rfcomm-server</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>OBEX Object Push (OPUSH) Profile</title>
<indexterm><primary>OBEX</primary></indexterm>
<para>OBEX Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ
ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ ÍÏÂÉÌØÎÙÍÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ. ÷ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÏÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×
ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÑÈ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÉÎÆÒÁËÒÁÓÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ
ÎÏÕÔÂÕËÁÍÉ ÉÌÉ ëðë, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌËÉ ×ÉÚÉÔÎÙÈ
ËÁÒÔÏÞÅË ÉÌÉ ËÁÌÅÎÄÁÒÎÙÈ ÐÌÁÎÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ ÓÏÔÏ×ÙÍÉ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÁÍÉ É
ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ Ó ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ
ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁÍÉ.</para>
<para>óÅÒ×ÅÒ É ËÌÉÅÎÔ OBEX ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ × ×ÉÄÅ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÅÇÏ
ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁ <application>obexapp</application>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ
× ×ÉÄÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ <filename role="package">comms/obexapp</filename>.</para>
<para>ëÌÉÅÎÔ OBEX ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉ£ÍÁ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ× Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
OBEX. ïÂßÅËÔÏÍ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÉÚÉÔÎÁÑ ËÁÒÔÏÞËÁ ÉÌÉ
ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ. ëÌÉÅÎÔ OBEX ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÎÏÍÅÒ RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌÁ, ÕËÁÚÁ×
×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÅÇÏ ÉÍÑ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ. ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ: IrMC,
FTRN É OPUSH. ëÁÎÁÌ RFCOMM ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÎÏÍÅÒÏÍ. îÉÖÅ ÄÁ£ÔÓÑ
ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ OBEX, ÇÄÅ Ó ÓÏÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÁ ÚÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÂßÅËÔ Ó
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å, Á ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÏÂßÅËÔ (×ÉÚÉÔÎÁÑ ËÁÒÔÏÞËÁ)
ÐÅÒÅÄÁ£ÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÓÏÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÁ.</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>obexapp -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -C IrMC</userinput>
obex> get telecom/devinfo.txt devinfo-t39.txt
Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)
obex> put new.vcf
Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)
obex> di
Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)</screen>
<para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ OBEX Push, ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ &man.sdpd.8;. äÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎ
ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÓÔÕÐÁÀÝÉÅ ÏÂßÅËÔÙ.
ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÙÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
<filename>/var/spool/obex</filename>. îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ OBEX
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÁ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍ ÎÏÍÅÒÅ ËÁÎÁÌÁ RFCOMM. OBEX ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ OBEX Object Push ÞÅÒÅÚ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ SDP. ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ
OBEX-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>obexapp -s -C 10</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ðÒÏÆÉÌØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ (SPP)</title>
<para>ðÒÏÆÉÌØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ (SPP - Serial Port Profile) ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÀ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ
RS232 (ÉÌÉ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÇÏ). üÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÆÉÌØ ÐÏËÒÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÌÕÞÁÉ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ
ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÕÎÁÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ Ó Bluetooth × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÚÁÍÅÎÙ
ËÁÂÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÀ, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÁÂÓÔÒÁËÃÉÑ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>
<para>õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.rfcomm.sppd.1; ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÅÔ ÐÒÏÆÉÌØ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ. ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ. ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÎÉÖÅ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ, ËÁË ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ
Ë ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÕ Serial Port ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÅ
ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÅ RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌ - &man.rfcomm.sppd.1; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÅÇÏ Ó
ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÞÅÒÅÚ SDP. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÜÔÏ,
ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ RFCOMM-ËÁÎÁÌ Ñ×ÎÏ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t /dev/ttyp6</userinput>
rfcomm_sppd[94692]: Starting on /dev/ttyp6...</screen>
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÓÅ×ÄÏ-ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁË
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cu -l ttyp6</userinput></screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>òÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</title>
<sect3>
<title>õÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÎÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ</title>
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ Bluetooth-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ
ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÅÊ. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ËÏÇÄÁ &os; ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÏÅ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, ÏÎÁ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÉ É ÓÔÁÔØ ×ÅÄÕÝÉÍ
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ. õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ, ÎÅ ÓÍÏÇÕÔ
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÅÊ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ,
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÅÊ. îÁ
ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÏÌÅÊ ÐÒÉ
ÐÏÍÏÝÉ HCI-ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>hccontrol -n ubt0hci write_node_role_switch 0</userinput></screen>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>þÔÏ-ÔÏ ÉÄ£Ô ÎÅ ÔÁË, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ, ÞÔÏ × ÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ
ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ?</title>
<para>äÁ, ÍÏÖÎÏ. ÷ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁ,
<application>hcidump</application> ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ × ×ÉÄÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ
<filename role="package">comms/hcidump</filename>. õÔÉÌÉÔÁ
<application>hcidump</application> ÐÏÈÏÖÁ ÎÁ &man.tcpdump.1;. ïÎÁ
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÇÏ
Bluetooth-ÐÁËÅÔÏ× É ÓÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ Bluetooth × ÆÁÊÌ.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="network-bridging">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Steve</firstname>
<surname>Peterson</surname>
<contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÌ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>íÏÓÔÙ</title>
<sect2>
<title>÷×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ</title>
<indexterm><primary>ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ IP</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÏÓÔ</primary></indexterm>
<para>éÎÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ ÏÄÎÕ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÓÅÔØ (ÔÁËÕÀ, ËÁË
ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔ Ethernet) ÎÁ Ä×Á ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÅÔÉ ÂÅÚ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ
ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÅÊ IP É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ
ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÏ×. õÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÑÅÔ Ä×Å ÓÅÔÉ ÎÁ ÔÁËÏÊ ÍÁÎÅÒ,
ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <quote>ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÍÏÓÔÏÍ</quote> (<quote>bridge</quote>).
óÉÓÔÅÍÁ FreeBSD Ó Ä×ÕÍÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍÉ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÔØ × ÒÏÌÉ
ÍÏÓÔÁ.</para>
<para>íÏÓÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÉÚÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ MAC (ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×
Ethernet) ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÉÚ Ó×ÏÉÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÈ.
ïÎ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÔÒÁÆÉË ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÓÅÔÑÍÉ, ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ
ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔÅÌÑ É ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔÅÌÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÑÈ.</para>
<para>ðÏ ÍÎÏÇÉÍ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍ ÍÏÓÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ, ËÁË ËÏÍÍÕÔÁÔÏÒ Ethernet
Ó ÍÁÌÙÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>óÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÏÓÔÙ</title>
<para>îÁ ÓÅÇÏÄÎÑÛÎÉÊ ÄÅÎØ ÅÓÔØ Ä×Å ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
ÍÏÓÔ.</para>
<sect3>
<title>âÏÌØÛÏÊ ÔÒÁÆÉË × ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÅ</title>
<para>ðÅÒ×ÁÑ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×ÁÛÁ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÓÅÔØ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÖÅÎÁ
ÔÒÁÆÉËÏÍ, ÎÏ ÐÏ ËÁËÉÍ-ÔÏ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍ ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÔØ ÓÅÔØ
ÎÁ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ É ÓÏÅÄÉÎÑÔØ ÉÈ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ.</para>
<para>äÁ×ÁÊÔÅ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ ÇÁÚÅÔÕ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ
ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÓËÉÊ É ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÏÔÄÅÌÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÏÄÎÏÊ É ÔÏÊ ÖÅ
ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ × ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÓËÏÍ ÏÔÄÅÌÅ ×ÓÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
<hostid>A</hostid> ÄÌÑ ÓÌÕÖ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÆÁÊÌÁÍ, Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÄÅÌÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ <hostid>B</hostid>. äÌÑ
ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÅÔØ Ethernet, Á ×ÙÓÏËÁÑ
ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÎÁ ÓÅÔØ ÚÁÍÅÄÌÑÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÓËÏÇÏ ÏÔÄÅÌÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÂÒÁÎÙ ×
ÏÄÎÏÍ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÅ ÓÅÔÉ, Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÄÅÌÁ ×
ÄÒÕÇÏÍ, ÔÏ Ä×Á ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÍÏÓÔÏÍ. ôÏÌØËÏ
ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÔÒÁÆÉË, ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× Ó
<quote>ÄÒÕÇÏÊ</quote> ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÍÏÓÔÁ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØÓÑ × ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÓÅÔØ,
ÔÅÍ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÓÎÉÖÁÑ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>óÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÜËÒÁÎ Ó ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÆÉÌØÔÒÁÃÉÉ/ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ
ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ</title>
<indexterm><primary>ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÜËÒÁÎ</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>NAT</primary></indexterm>
<para>÷ÔÏÒÏÊ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁΣÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÅÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ×
ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÜËÒÁÎÁ ÂÅÚ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÉ
ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (NAT).</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÚÑÔØ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÕÀ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÀ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÁ
Ë Ó×ÏÅÍÕ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ ÐÏ ËÁÎÁÌÕ DSL ÉÌÉ ISDN. äÌÑ ÎÅ£ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ
×ÙÄÅÌÉÌ 13 ÇÌÏÂÁÌØÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÈ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÄÌÑ ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ × ÓÅÔÉ 10
ÐÅÒÓÏÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×. ÷ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ
ÜËÒÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÅÎÏ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÁ ÐÏÄÓÅÔÉ.</para>
<indexterm><primary>ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>DSL</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>ISDN</primary></indexterm>
<para>âÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÍÏÓÔÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ É ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ
ÍÅÖÄÕ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁÍÉ DSL/ISDN ÂÅÚ ËÁËÉÈ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ Ó
IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÍÏÓÔÁ</title>
<sect3>
<title>÷ÙÂÏÒ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ</title>
<para>äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÍÏÓÔÁ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ Ä×Á ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ.
ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ
ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÍÏÓÔÁ. ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ &man.bridge.4; ÄÌÑ
×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ Ï ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÈ.</para>
<para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ, ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ É ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ
Ä×Á ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÑÄÒÁ</primary>
<secondary>BRIDGE</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÍÏÓÔÁ × ÑÄÒÅ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ</para>
<programlisting>options BRIDGE</programlisting>
<para>× ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ, É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ</title>
<indexterm><primary>ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒ</primary></indexterm>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÏÓÔ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ
<literal>IPFIREWALL</literal>.
ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="firewalls"/>, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÕÀ ÏÂÝÕÀ
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÍÏÓÔÁ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ.</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔØ ÐÒÏÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ-IP ÐÁËÅÔÏ× (ÔÁËÉÈ,
ËÁË ARP) ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÏÓÔ, ÔÏ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ,
ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ. üÔÏ ÏÐÃÉÑ
<literal>IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT</literal>. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ
ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÅ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ
ÎÁ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×. ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÕ
ÏÐÃÉÀ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÐÏÎÉÍÁÅÔÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ
ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ</title>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÏÓÔ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÍÁÛÉÎÙ,
ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÕÀ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØ, ÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × ÆÁÊÌ
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÏÐÃÉÀ <literal>DUMMYNET</literal>. äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÞÅÒÐÎÕÔØ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ
&man.dummynet.4;.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>÷ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÍÏÓÔÁ</title>
<para>äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ</para>
<programlisting>net.link.ether.bridge.enable=1</programlisting>
<para>× ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ
ÍÏÓÔÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, É ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
<programlisting>net.link.ether.bridge.config=<replaceable>if1</replaceable>,<replaceable>if2</replaceable></programlisting>
<para>ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ ÍÏÓÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× (ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ
<replaceable>if1</replaceable> É <replaceable>if2</replaceable> ÎÁ
ÉÍÅÎÁ Ä×ÕÈ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×). åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
ÐÒÏÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÏÓÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÆÉÌØÔÒÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ &man.ipfw.8;,
×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ:</para>
<programlisting>net.link.ether.bridge.ipfw=1</programlisting>
<para>äÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ &os;, ÐÒÅÄÛÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ &os; 5.2-RELEASE, ÎÕÖÎÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>
<programlisting>net.link.ether.bridge=1
net.link.ether.bridge_cfg=<replaceable>if1</replaceable>,<replaceable>if2</replaceable>
net.link.ether.bridge_ipfw=1</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ</title>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÎÁ ÍÏÓÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ
&man.ssh.1; ÉÚ ÓÅÔÉ, ÔÏ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÉÔØ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÉÚ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ. ïÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÏÂÏÉÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ
ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÊ ÉÄÅÅÊ.</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÍÏÓÔÏ×, ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ
ÂÏÌÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÌÀÂÙÍÉ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÍÉ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑÍÉ. ó
ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÔÏÞËÉ ÚÒÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ
spanning tree.</para>
<para>óÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÏÓÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ × ÚÁÍÅÒÁÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
&man.ping.8;, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÍÑ ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ
ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁÍÉ.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="network-diskless">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Jean-François</firstname>
<surname>Dockès</surname>
<contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÌ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Alex</firstname>
<surname>Dupre</surname>
<contrib>òÅÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÌ É ÕÌÕÞÛÉÌ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑÍÉ</title>
<indexterm><primary>ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÂÅÚ ÄÉÓËÁ</primary></indexterm>
<para>íÁÛÉÎÁ Ó FreeBSD ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ É ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÂÅÚ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ
ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ <acronym>NFS</acronym>.
ëÒÏÍÅ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÎÉËÁËÉÅ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ
× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ôÁËÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÌÅÇËÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ
ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔÙ ÕÖÅ ÇÏÔÏ×Ù:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>éÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ Ä×Á ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÏ
ÓÅÔÉ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><acronym>PXE</acronym>: óÉÓÔÅÍÁ &intel; Preboot eXecution
Environment Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÒÍÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ðúõ, ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ ×
ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÉÌÉ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÉÅ ÐÌÁÔÙ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏ &man.pxeboot.8; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ðÏÒÔ <application>Etherboot</application> (<filename
role="package">net/etherboot</filename>) ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÔ ËÏÄ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÔØÓÑ × ðúõ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ. ëÏÄ
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÏÛÉÔ × ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ PROM ÎÁ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÅ,
ÌÉÂÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎ Ó ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ (ÉÌÉ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÁ), ÉÌÉ Ó
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &ms-dos;. ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ðÒÉÍÅÒÎÙÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ
(<filename>/usr/share/examples/diskless/clone_root</filename>)
ÏÂÌÅÇÞÁÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ
ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ. óËÒÉÐÔ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË, ÎÏ ÏÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ×ÁÍ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ×
<filename>/etc</filename>, ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÀÔ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
× ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÍ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÅ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ðÏÄËÁÞËÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÁ ÎÕÖÎÁ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÆÁÊÌ <acronym>NFS</acronym> ÌÉÂÏ
ÎÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ. ðÒÉ
ÜÔÏÍ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÙ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ, É ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÕÄÏ×ÌÅÔ×ÏÒÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÉÈ ×ËÕÓÏ×. äÁÌÅÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ
ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÕÐÏÒ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÔÕ É
ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ Ó ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ FreeBSD.
ïÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÁËÉÅ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>âÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÅ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ
ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ <filename>/</filename> × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ
ÞÔÅÎÉÑ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ <filename>/usr</filename> ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÔÏÖÅ
× ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ.</para>
<para>ëÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÐÉÅÊ
ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FreeBSD (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ), Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ, ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÎÙÍÉ ËÅÍ-ÔÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ ÉÌÉ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÏÎÁ
ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ.</para>
<para>þÁÓÔÉ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÐÅÒÅËÒÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ
&man.md.4;.
ìÀÂÙÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÙ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁÈ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ñÄÒÏ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÅÔÓÑ É ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ
<application>Etherboot</application> ÉÌÉ <acronym>PXE</acronym>,
É × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÉÚ
ÜÔÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<caution>
<para>ëÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ, ÜÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎÁ. ïÎÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ×
ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎÎÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÓÅÔÉ, Á ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ
ÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ.</para>
</caution>
<para>÷ÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÂÙÌÁ ÐÒÏÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ Ó
ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ &os; 5.2.1-RELEASE.</para>
<sect2>
<title>ïÂÝÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ</title>
<para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ,
ÎÏ × ÔÏ ÖÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÌÅÇËÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÕ. éÎÏÇÄÁ ÓÌÏÖÎÏ
ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÐÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ.
îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏ-ÒÁÚÎÏÍÕ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÑÔØ
ÓÅÂÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ ÂÙ×ÁÀÔ ÚÁÇÁÄÏÞÎÙ ÉÌÉ ×Ï×ÓÅ
ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>÷ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÎÁÎÉÑ, ËÁÓÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ
×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÈ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏ×, ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÅÓÔÉ
ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ëÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ
ËÁË ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÉÍÑ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ. äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ <acronym>DHCP</acronym>
ÉÌÉ BOOTP. <acronym>DHCP</acronym> ÜÔÏ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÅ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ
BOOTP, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÅ ÖÅ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ× É ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ
ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.</para>
<para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ BOOTP.
óÅÒ×ÅÒÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ &man.bootpd.8; ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
&os;.</para>
<para>ôÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, Õ <acronym>DHCP</acronym> ÅÓÔØ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï
ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ× ÎÁÄ BOOTP (ÌÕÞÛÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <acronym>PXE</acronym>, ÐÌÀÓ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Á, ÎÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÅÓÑ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ë ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍ
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑÍ), É ÍÙ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ
<acronym>DHCP</acronym>, Ó ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÎÙÍÉ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÍÉ
ÄÌÑ &man.bootpd.8;, ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ. ðÒÉÍÅÒ
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔ
<application>ISC DHCP</application> (ÒÅÌÉÚ
3.0.1.r12 ÂÙÌ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÎÁ ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ëÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÏÄÎÕ
ÉÌÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ <acronym>TFTP</acronym>
ÉÌÉ <acronym>NFS</acronym>. ÷ÙÂÏÒ ÍÅÖÄÕ
<acronym>TFTP</acronym> ÉÌÉ <acronym>NFS</acronym>
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÍÅÓÔÁÈ.
þÁÓÔÏ ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÝÁÑÓÑ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÜÔÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÌÑ
ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ: <acronym>TFTP</acronym> ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, É ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ
ÉÍÅÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ. <acronym>NFS</acronym>
ÎÕÖÎÙ ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÙÅ ÐÕÔÉ Ë ÆÁÊÌÁÍ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ
ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔÏÞÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ É ÑÄÒÏ. ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÁÖÎÙÈ ×ÁÒÉÁÃÉÊ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><acronym>PXE</acronym> ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔ &man.pxeboot.8;,
Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ
ÔÒÅÔØÅÊ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ &os;. &man.loader.8; ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï
ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, É ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔ
ÉÈ × ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÏ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ
ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÑÄÒÁ
<filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><application>Etherboot</application>, ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔ ÑÄÒÏ, Ó ÍÅÎØÛÅÊ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÏÊ. ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ
ÓÏÂÒÁÔØ ÑÄÒÏ ÓÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para><acronym>PXE</acronym> É <application>Etherboot</application>
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ï ÈÏÒÏÛÏ; ÔÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÑÄÒÏ
ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ &man.loader.8; ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ
ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ, ÍÅÔÏÄ <acronym>PXE</acronym>
ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÉÔÅÌÅÎ.</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ <acronym>BIOS</acronym> É ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ËÁÒÔÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ
<acronym>PXE</acronym>, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ.
<acronym>NFS</acronym> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ ÔÁËÖÅ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.diskless.8;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ</title>
<sect3>
<title>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ISC DHCP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>DHCP</primary>
<secondary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>óÅÒ×ÅÒ <application>ISC DHCP</application> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ
ËÁË ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ BOOTP, ÔÁË É ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ <acronym>DHCP</acronym>.</para>
<para><application>ISC DHCP 3.0</application>
ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÒÔ <filename
role="package">net/isc-dhcp3-server</filename>
ÉÌÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁËÅÔ.</para>
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ <application>ISC DHCP</application> ÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ
ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ
<filename>/usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename>). ÷ÏÔ
ÐÒÏËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÇÄÅ ÈÏÓÔ <hostid>margaux</hostid>
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ <application>Etherboot</application>, Á ÈÏÓÔ
<hostid>corbieres</hostid> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
<acronym>PXE</acronym>:</para>
<programlisting>
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
authoritative;
option domain-name "example.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.4.1;
option routers 192.168.4.1;
subnet 192.168.4.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
use-host-decl-names on; <co id="co-dhcp-host-name"/>
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.4.255;
host margaux {
hardware ethernet 01:23:45:67:89:ab;
fixed-address margaux.example.com;
next-server 192.168.4.4; <co id="co-dhcp-next-server"/>
filename "/data/misc/kernel.diskless"; <co id="co-dhcp-filename"/>
option root-path "192.168.4.4:/data/misc/diskless"; <co id="co-dhcp-root-path"/>
}
host corbieres {
hardware ethernet 00:02:b3:27:62:df;
fixed-address corbieres.example.com;
next-server 192.168.4.4;
filename "pxeboot";
option root-path "192.168.4.4:/data/misc/diskless";
}
}
</programlisting>
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="co-dhcp-host-name">
<para>üÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ <application>dhcpd</application> ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ
ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÅËÌÁÒÁÃÉÊ <literal>host</literal> ËÁË ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÄÌÑ
ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ. áÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÂÙÌÏ ÂÙ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
<literal>option host-name
<replaceable>margaux</replaceable></literal> ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÏÂßÑ×ÌÅÎÉÊ
<literal>host</literal>.</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-dhcp-next-server">
<para>äÉÒÅËÔÉ×Á <literal>next-server</literal> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
<acronym>TFTP</acronym> ÉÌÉ <acronym>NFS</acronym>,
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÉÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÑÄÒÁ
(ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ <acronym>DHCP</acronym>).</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-dhcp-filename">
<para>äÉÒÅËÔÉ×Á <literal>filename</literal> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ <application>Etherboot</application> ÉÌÉ
<acronym>PXE</acronym> ÂÕÄÕÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÛÁÇÁ
×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ. ïÎ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ.
<application>Etherboot</application> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎ
ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <acronym>NFS</acronym> ÉÌÉ
<acronym>TFTP</acronym>. &os; ÐÏÒÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
<acronym>NFS</acronym>. <acronym>PXE</acronym> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
<acronym>TFTP</acronym>, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÚÄÅÓØ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ
ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÕÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ× (ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁ×ÉÓÅÔØ ÏÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË
<acronym>TFTP</acronym> ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÎÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÏ).
ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, <acronym>PXE</acronym> ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ
<filename>pxeboot</filename>, Á ÎÅ ÑÄÒÏ. óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ
<filename>pxeboot</filename> ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ
<filename class="directory">/boot</filename> &os; CD-ROM
(ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ &man.pxeboot.8; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ
<filename>GENERIC</filename> ÑÄÒÏ, ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ
ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ Ó ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ CD-ROM).</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-dhcp-root-path">
<para>ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>root-path</literal> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÐÕÔØ Ë
ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, × ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÎÏÔÁÃÉÉ
<acronym>NFS</acronym>. ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
<acronym>PXE</acronym>, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ IP ÈÏÓÔÁ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ,
ÅÓÌÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÑÄÒÁ BOOTP ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ. úÁÔÅÍ
<acronym>NFS</acronym> ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÁË ÖÅ,
ËÁË É <acronym>TFTP</acronym>.</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ BOOTP</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>BOOTP</primary>
<secondary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>äÁÌÅÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÁ ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
<application>bootpd</application> (ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ).
ïÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØÓÑ ×
<filename>/etc/bootptab</filename>.</para>
<para>ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÔÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ <application>Etherboot</application>
ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎ Ó ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ
<literal>NO_DHCP_SUPPORT</literal> ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ BOOTP, É ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ <acronym>PXE</acronym>
<emphasis>ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ</emphasis> <acronym>DHCP</acronym>.
åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÏÞÅ×ÉÄÎÙÍ
ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×ÏÍ <application>bootpd</application> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÇÏ
ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ × ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
<programlisting>
.def100:\
:hn:ht=1:sa=192.168.4.4:vm=rfc1048:\
:sm=255.255.255.0:\
:ds=192.168.4.1:\
:gw=192.168.4.1:\
:hd="/tftpboot":\
:bf="/kernel.diskless":\
:rp="192.168.4.4:/data/misc/diskless":
margaux:ha=0123456789ab:tc=.def100
</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ðÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
<application>Etherboot</application></title>
<indexterm>
<primary>Etherboot</primary>
</indexterm>
<para><ulink url="http://etherboot.sourceforge.net">óÁÊÔ
Etherboot</ulink> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ <ulink
url="http://etherboot.sourceforge.net/doc/html/userman/t1.html">
ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ</ulink>, × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÕÀ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
Linux, ÎÏ ÎÅÓÏÍÎÅÎÎÏ, ÏÎÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁ. äÁÌÅÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ËÒÁÔËÏ
ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
<application>Etherboot</application> × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ FreeBSD.</para>
<para>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÁËÅÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÒÔ <filename
role="package">net/etherboot</filename>.</para>
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ
<application>Etherboot</application> (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
<acronym>TFTP</acronym> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <acronym>NFS</acronym>) ÐÕÔÅÍ
ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>Config</filename>
× ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×
<application>Etherboot</application>.</para>
<para>÷ ÎÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÕÀ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ. äÌÑ
ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ× (PROM ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ &ms-dos;) ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ÐÏ <application>Etherboot</application>.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÊ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ, ×ÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ × ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄ ÎÁ
ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ÇÄÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ <application>Etherboot</application>, ÚÁÔÅÍ
ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>src</filename> × ÄÅÒÅ×Å
<application>Etherboot</application> É ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ:</para>
<screen>
&prompt.root; <userinput>gmake bin32/<replaceable>devicetype</replaceable>.fd0</userinput>
</screen>
<para><replaceable>devicetype</replaceable> ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÔÉÐÁ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ
Ethernet ÎÁ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÆÁÊÌÕ
<filename>NIC</filename> × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ
ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ
<replaceable>devicetype</replaceable>.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>úÁÇÒÕÚËÁ Ó <acronym>PXE</acronym></title>
<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, &man.pxeboot.8; ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔ ÑÄÒÏ ÞÅÒÅÚ
<acronym>NFS</acronym>. ïÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÄÌÑ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÅÇÏ <acronym>TFTP</acronym> ÐÕÔÅÍ
ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ <literal>LOADER_TFTP_SUPPORT</literal> ×
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>. óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ ×
ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>åÓÔØ Ä×Á ÎÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ
<filename>make.conf</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙ ÄÌÑ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ Ó ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌØÀ:
<literal>BOOT_PXELDR_PROBE_KEYBOARD</literal>, É
<literal>BOOT_PXELDR_ALWAYS_SERIAL</literal>.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <acronym>PXE</acronym> ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ
×ÁÍ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ <literal>Boot from
network</literal> (ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ) × ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁÈ
<acronym>BIOS</acronym>, ÉÌÉ ÎÁÖÁÔØ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÕÀ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ ×Ï
×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ PC.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× <acronym>TFTP</acronym> É <acronym>NFS</acronym></title>
<indexterm>
<primary>TFTP</primary>
<secondary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>NFS</primary>
<secondary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ <acronym>PXE</acronym> ÉÌÉ
<application>Etherboot</application>, ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÅ ÄÌÑ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ <acronym>TFTP</acronym>, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ
<application>tftpd</application> ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÍ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>óÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, ÆÁÊÌÙ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ
<application>tftpd</application>, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
<filename>/tftpboot</filename>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × ×ÁÛ <filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> ÔÁËÕÀ
ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ:</para>
<programlisting>tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd -l -s /tftpboot</programlisting>
<note>
<para>âÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍ <acronym>PXE</acronym>
ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ <acronym>TCP</acronym>-×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ
<acronym>TFTP</acronym>. ÷ ÔÁËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ×ÔÏÒÕÀ
ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ, ÚÁÍÅÎÑÀÝÕÀ
<literal>dgram udp</literal> ÎÁ <literal>stream
tcp</literal>.</para>
</note>
</step>
<step>
<para>óÏÏÂÝÉÔÅ <application>inetd</application> Ï ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ
ÐÅÒÅÞÉÔÁÔØ Ó×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ.
æÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ
<option>inetd_enable="YES"</option> ÄÌÑ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/inetd restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>tftpboot</filename> × ÌÀÂÏÍ
ÍÅÓÔÅ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ. ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÍÅÓÔÏÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ ËÁË ×
<filename>inetd.conf</filename>, ÔÁË É ×
<filename>dhcpd.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>÷Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ×ÁÍ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ
<acronym>NFS</acronym> É ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ
<acronym>NFS</acronym>.</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<para>äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ×
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>nfs_server_enable="YES"</programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>üËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎ
ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ, ÄÏÂÁ×É×
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × <filename>/etc/exports</filename> (ÐÏÄÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ
ÔÏÞËÕ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <replaceable>margaux
corbieres</replaceable>
ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ):</para>
<programlisting><replaceable>/data/misc</replaceable> -alldirs -ro <replaceable>margaux corbieres</replaceable></programlisting>
</step>
<step>
<para>úÁÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ <application>mountd</application> ÐÅÒÅÞÉÔÁÔØ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ. îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÌÏÓØ ÎÁ
ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÛÁÇÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ <acronym>NFS</acronym> × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ÔÏ
×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/etc/rc.d/mountd restart</userinput></screen>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ðÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</primary>
<secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÑÄÒÁ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <application>Etherboot</application>, ×ÁÍ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ
ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÓÏ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ (×ÄÏÂÁ×ÏË Ë ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ):</para>
<programlisting>
options BOOTP # Use BOOTP to obtain IP address/hostname
options BOOTP_NFSROOT # NFS mount root filesystem using BOOTP info
</programlisting>
<para>÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
<literal>BOOTP_NFSV3</literal>, <literal>BOOT_COMPAT</literal>
É <literal>BOOTP_WIRED_TO</literal>
(ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>NOTES</filename>).</para>
<para>üÔÉ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÓÌÏÖÉÌÉÓØ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÞÅÓËÉ, É ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ
××ÅÓÔÉ × ÚÁÂÌÕÖÄÅÎÉÅ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ ÎÅÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <acronym>DHCP</acronym> É BOOTP × ÑÄÒÅ (×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ BOOTP
ÉÌÉ <acronym>DHCP</acronym> use).</para>
<para>ðÏÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>) É
ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ ×
<filename>dhcpd.conf</filename>.</para>
<note><para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <acronym>PXE</acronym>, ÓÂÏÒËÁ ÑÄÒÁ
Ó ×ÙÛÅÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ
(ÈÏÔÑ ÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÁ). ÷ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÔ Ë
×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÀ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á <acronym>DHCP</acronym> ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÑÄÒÁ, Ó ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÒÉÓËÏÍ ÎÅÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ
É ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ, ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÈ &man.pxeboot.8; × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÓÏÂÙÈ
ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ. ðÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
ÐÏÂÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ. éÎÁÞÅ ×ÁÍ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
× ËÌÉÅÎÔ-ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>rc.conf</filename>.</para>
</note>
<note><para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ Ó
<application>Etherboot</application>, × ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï hints. ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
× ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ (ÓÍ. ÆÁÊÌ
ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÅ× <filename>NOTES</filename>):</para>
<programlisting>hints "GENERIC.hints"</programlisting>
</note>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>ðÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÁ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ËÏÒÎÅ×ÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ</primary>
<secondary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>÷ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ
ÒÁÂÏÞÉÈ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÊ, × ÍÅÓÔÏÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÉ, ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÍ ËÁË
<literal>root-path</literal> ×
<filename>dhcpd.conf</filename>.</para>
<sect4>
<title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÙ
<command>make world</command></title>
<para>üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ (ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÕÀ) ×
<envar>DESTDIR</envar>. ÷ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ,
ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÓËÒÉÐÔ:</para>
<programlisting>#!/bin/sh
export DESTDIR=/data/misc/diskless
mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}
cd /usr/src; make buildworld && make buildkernel
cd /usr/src/etc; make distribution</programlisting>
<para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> É
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÎÙÅ ×
<envar>DESTDIR</envar>, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ×ÁÛÉÍÉ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ</title>
<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ, ÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ, ÍÏÖÎÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ <acronym>NFS</acronym>.</para>
<sect4>
<title>ðÏÄËÁÞËÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ <acronym>NFS</acronym></title>
<para>îÁ ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ
<acronym>NFS</acronym>. ðÏÄËÁÞËÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÁ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ
ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×, ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÀÝÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÐÒÉÇÏÄÎÕÀ ÄÌÑ
ÚÁÐÉÓÉ É ÓÏÚÄÁÀÝÉÈ ÎÁ ÎÅÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ. äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ
ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=<replaceable>/path/to/swapfile</replaceable> bs=1k count=1 oseek=<replaceable>100000</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>äÌÑ ÁËÔÉ×ÁÃÉÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌ
<filename>rc.conf</filename> ÓÔÒÏËÕ</para>
<programlisting>swapfile=<replaceable>/path/to/swapfile</replaceable></programlisting>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>òÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ</title>
<sect4>
<title>òÁÂÏÔÁ Ó <filename>/usr</filename>, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
ÞÔÅÎÉÑ</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</primary>
<secondary>/usr ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>åÓÌÉ ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÞÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÕÓË X, ×ÁÍ
ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÄÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÌÑ
<application>XDM</application>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÏÛÉÂÏË × <filename>/usr</filename>.</para>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÅ-FreeBSD ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ</title>
<para>åÓÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ Ó ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÐÏÄ
ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ FreeBSD, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ FreeBSD, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÅ × ÎÕÖÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÏ,
ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ <command>tar</command> ÉÌÉ
<command>cpio</command>.</para>
<para>÷ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÏ
ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ × <filename>/dev</filename> ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÏÊ
ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÏÓÔÉ ÃÅÌÙÈ ÞÉÓÅÌ ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÒÛÅÇÏ/ÍÌÁÄÛÅÇÏ ÞÉÓÅÌ. òÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ
ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÜËÓÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ Ó ÎÅ-FreeBSD
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ Ó FreeBSD É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
&man.devfs.5; ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÏ
ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
</sect4>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="network-isdn">
<title>ISDN</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ISDN</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>ðÏÌÅÚÎÙÍ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏÍ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÉ ISDN É ÅÇÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÍ
ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <ulink
url="http://www.alumni.caltech.edu/~dank/isdn/">
óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ äÜÎÁ ëÅÇÅÌÁ (Dan Kegel) Ï ISDN</ulink>.</para>
<para>âÙÓÔÒÏÅ ××ÅÄÅÎÉÅ × ISDN:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÖÉ×£ÔÅ × å×ÒÏÐÅ, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÉÚÕÞÉÔØ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
ÏÂ ISDN-ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÈ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ISDN × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ
Ó éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ ÐÏ ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÍÕ, ÎÅ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÍÕ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÀ, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÈ
ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁÈ. üÔÏ ÄÁÓÔ ×ÁÍ ÓÁÍÕÀ ÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÇÉÂËÏÓÔØ É ÎÁÉÍÅÎØÛÅÅ
ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÐÒÉ ÓÍÅÎÅ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÅÔÅ Ä×Å ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÅÓØ Ë
éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÅ ISDN-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó×ÏÊ
×ÙÂÏÒ ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÍ ÍÏÓÔÅ/ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÅ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>óÔÏÉÍÏÓÔØ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÆÁËÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÂÏÒÅ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ.
äÁÌÅÅ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÄÅÛÅ×ÏÇÏ ÄÏ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÄÏÒÏÇÏÇÏ
×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ.</para>
<sect2 id="network-isdn-cards">
<sect2info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Hellmuth</firstname>
<surname>Michaelis</surname>
<contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect2info>
<title>áÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ISDN</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ISDN</primary>
<secondary>ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>òÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ISDN ×Ï FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔ DSS1/Q.931
(ÉÌÉ å×ÒÏ-ISDN) ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×.
ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ, ÐÒÏÛÉ×ËÉ
ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÉÇÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ; ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÀÄÁ
×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ISDN Primary Rate (PRI).</para>
<para>ðÁËÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ <application>isdn4bsd</application> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁÍ ISDN ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ IP ÐÏ×ÅÒÈ DHLC,
ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÇÏ PPP; ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ PPP ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÑÄÒÁ Ó
<literal>isppp</literal>, ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ &man.sppp.4;, ÉÌÉ
ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÇÏ
&man.ppp.8;. ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÇÏ &man.ppp.8; ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ä×ÕÈ É ÂÏÌØÛÅÇÏ ÞÉÓÌÁ B-ËÁÎÁÌÏ× ISDN. ôÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÅ ËÁË Á×ÔÏÏÔ×ÅÔÞÉË, É ÍÎÏÇÏ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ, ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÊ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÎÁ 300 âÏÄ.</para>
<para>÷Ï FreeBSD ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ×ÏÚÒÁÓÔÁÀÝÅÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ISDN ÄÌÑ
ðë, É ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÊ å×ÒÏÐÅ
É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÞÁÓÔÑÈ Ó×ÅÔÁ.</para>
<para>éÚ ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ISDN ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ Infineon (ÂÙ×ÛÉÊ Siemens) ISAC/HSCX/IPAC
ISDN, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ISDN Ó ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÁÍÉ ÏÔ Cologne Chip (ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ
ÛÉÎÙ ISA), ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ PCI Ó ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÁÍÉ Winbond W6692, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ Ó ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ Tiger300/320/ISAC É ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×,
ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÆÉÒÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÎÁÂÏÒÁÈ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË AVM Fritz!Card
PCI V.1.0 É AVM Fritz!Card PnP.</para>
<para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÉÚ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ISDN ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ AVM B1
(ISA É PCI) ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ BRI É AVM T1 PCI ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ PRI.</para>
<para>äÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ <application>isdn4bsd</application> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ×
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/usr/share/examples/isdn/</filename> ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
FreeBSD ÉÌÉ ÎÁ <ulink url="http://www.freebsd-support.de/i4b/">ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÊ
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ isdn4bsd</ulink>, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÙ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ ÓÏ×ÅÔÙ,
ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÏÛÉÂËÁÍ É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÎÁ <ulink
url="http://people.FreeBSD.org/~hm/">ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÐÏ
isdn4bsd</ulink>.</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ
ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ× ISDN, ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ISDN ÄÌÑ
PC ÉÌÉ ËÁËÉÈ-ÔÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÕÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑÈ
<application>isdn4bsd</application>, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, Ó×ÑÖÉÔÅÓØ Ó
&a.hm;.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÑ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ, ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ É
ÕÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÅÉÓÐÒÁ×ÎÏÓÔÅÊ <application>isdn4bsd</application>,
ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ &a.isdn.name;.</para>
<para><literal>subscribe freebsd-isdn</literal></para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ôÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ISDN</title>
<para>ôÅÒÍÉÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ (TA) ÄÌÑ ISDN ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔ ÔÕ ÖÅ ÒÏÌØ, ÞÔÏ É
ÍÏÄÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ÔÅÌÅÆÏÎÎÙÈ ÌÉÎÉÊ.</para>
<indexterm><primary>ÍÏÄÅÍ</primary></indexterm>
<para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï TA ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ AT-ËÏÍÁÎÄ Hayes-ÍÏÄÅÍÏ×,
É ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÚÁÍÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÍÏÄÅÍÏ×.</para>
<para>TA ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É ÍÏÄÅÍÙ, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ
ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ É ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ
×ÙÛÅ, ÞÅÍ Õ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÓÔÁÒÏÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ. ÷ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ <link
linkend="ppp">PPP</link> ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ, ËÁË É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
ÍÏÄÅÍÁ. ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÚÁÄÁÌÉ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
ÐÏÒÔÁ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ×ÙÓÏËÏÊ.</para>
<indexterm><primary>PPP</primary></indexterm>
<para>çÌÁ×ÎÙÍ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ TA ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ
éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ PPP. ôÁË
ËÁË ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IP ÉÓÔÏÝÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÂÏÌØÛÅ, ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï
ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÏ× ÎÅ ÈÏÞÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÍ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ.
âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÖÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏ× ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÅ
×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×.</para>
<para>TA ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÁÅÍÏÎ PPP, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÉÚ-ÚÁ
ÅÇÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ É ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ FreeBSD ÌÅÇËÏ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÎÁ ISDN, ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÖÅ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ PPP. ïÄÎÁËÏ, × ÔÏÖÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÔ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ PPP, ÏÔÒÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ É ÚÄÅÓØ.</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <link
linkend="ppp">PPP</link> ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÑÄÒÁ, Á ÎÅ <link
linkend="userppp">ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ PPP</link>.</para>
<para>éÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ TA ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó FreeBSD:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Motorola BitSurfer É Bitsurfer Pro</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Adtran</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ TA, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÔÏÖÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ,
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÉ TA ÐÒÉÌÁÇÁÀÔ ×ÓÅ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ
ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ AT-ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ.</para>
<para>ëÁË É × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÍÏÄÅÍÏ× ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ TA Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔØ × ÈÏÒÏÛÅÍ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÅ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ
ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ.</para>
<para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ ÕÞÅÂÎÉË <ulink
url="&url.articles.serial-uart;/index.html">ðÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
×Ï FreeBSD</ulink> ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ × ÄÅÔÁÌÑÈ ÐÏÎÑÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É ÏÓÏÚÎÁÔØ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÍÉ É
ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ.</para>
<para>TA, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÊ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ (ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÍ) ÐÏÒÔÏÍ
PC, ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÁÓ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØÀ 115.2 ëÂÉÔ/Ó, ÈÏÔÑ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ Õ ×ÁÓ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ 128 ëÂÉÔ/Ó. þÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
128 ëÂÉÔ/Ó, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ISDN, ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ TA Ë ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÕ.</para>
<para>îÅ ÏÂÍÁÎÙ×ÁÊÔÅ ÓÅÂÑ, ÄÕÍÁÑ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏËÕÐËÁ ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÏÇÏ TA ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ
ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÓÔÉ/ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÓÔÉ. ÷ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÅ TA ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
ÕÖÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ PC. ÷ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉ
ÜÔÏÍ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔÓÑ - ÜÔÏ ÜËÏÎÏÍÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
ËÁÂÅÌÑ É ÜÌÅËÔÒÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÒÏÚÅÔËÉ.</para>
<para>óÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÊ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ Ó TA ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÔÁË ÖÅ ÂÙÓÔÒ, ËÁË É
ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ, Á ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÏÄ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ
ËÌÁÓÓÁ 386 Ó FreeBSD, ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ.</para>
<para>÷ÙÂÏÒ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ/TA ÉÌÉ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ × ÂÏÌØÛÅÊ ÓÔÅÐÅÎÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÌÉÇÉÏÚÎÙÍ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏÍ. ðÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ
ÐÏ×ÏÄÕ × ÓÐÉÓËÁÈ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ ÂÙÌÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÄÉÓËÕÓÓÉÑ. òÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÐÏÉÓËÁÔØ
× <ulink url="&url.base;/search/index.html">ÁÒÈÉ×ÁÈ</ulink> ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÅ
ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>ïÔÄÅÌØÎÙÅ ÍÏÓÔÙ/ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ ISDN</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ISDN</primary>
<secondary>ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ ÓÔÏÑÝÉÅ ÍÏÓÔÙ/ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>íÏÓÔÙ ÉÌÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ ISDN ÎÅ ÔÁË ÕÖ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙ ÄÌÑ FreeBSD
ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. äÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÇÏ
ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ É ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÍÏÓÔÏ×, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ,
ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁÍ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÑÍ.</para>
<para>÷ ËÏÎÔÅËÓÔÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ É ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÍÏÓÔ ÂÕÄÕÔ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÁË ×ÚÁÉÍÏÚÁÍÅÎÑÅÍÙÅ.</para>
<para>÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÐÁÄÅÎÉÅÍ ÃÅÎ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÅ ÍÏÓÔÙ/ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ ISDN, ÏÎÉ
ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÑÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÍÉ. íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ ISDN ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
ÓÏÂÏÊ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÕÀ ËÏÒÏÂÏÞËÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ×
×ÁÛÕ ÓÅÔØ Ethernet, É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó×ÑÚØ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÍÏÓÔÏÍ/ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏÍ.
÷Ó£ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏ PPP É ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁÍ
×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÏ × ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ.</para>
<para>íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ ÏÂÌÁÄÁÅÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅÊ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔØÀ, ÞÅÍ
ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ TA, ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÐÏÌÎÏÅ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
ISDN.</para>
<para>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ Ó ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁÍÉ É ÍÏÓÔÁÍÉ ISDN Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ,
ÞÔÏ ÉÈ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÄ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏÍ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ,
ÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÂÓÕÄÉÔØ Ó ÎÉÍ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ.</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ Ä×Á ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
ÄÏÍÁÛÎÀÀ ÓÅÔØ Ó ÓÅÔØÀ ÏÆÉÓÁ, ÜÔÏ ÓÁÍÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ Ó ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÍÉ
ÉÚÄÅÒÖËÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÅ. ôÁË ËÁË ×Ù ÐÏËÕÐÁÅÔÅ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ
ÏÂÏÉÈ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÂÙÔØ Õ×ÅÒÅÎÙ, ÞÔÏ Ó×ÑÚØ ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ.</para>
<para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ ÉÌÉ ÓÅÔÉ
ÐÏÄÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÃÅÎÔÒÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÏÆÉÓÁ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÁËÁÑ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ:</para>
<example>
<title>ïÆÉÓ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÑÑ ÓÅÔØ</title>
<indexterm><primary>10 base 2</primary></indexterm>
<para>óÅÔØ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ × ÔÏÐÏÌÏÇÉÉ ÏÂÝÅÊ ÛÉÎÙ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å 10 base 2 Ethernet
(<quote>thinnet</quote> - <quote>ÔÏÎËÉÊ Ethernet</quote>). ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ Ë ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍÕ ËÁÂÅÌÀ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÔÒÁÎÓÉ×ÅÒÁ AUI/10BT, ÅÓÌÉ
ÜÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ.</para>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="advanced-networking/isdn-bus"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<literallayout class="monospaced">---òÁÂÏÞÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑ Sun
|
---íÁÛÉÎÁ Ó FreeBSD
|
---Windows 95
|
ïÔÄÅÌØÎÙÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ
|
ëÁÎÁÌ ISDN BRI</literallayout>
</textobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>10 Base 2 Ethernet</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÏÆÉÓ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÏÄÉÎ
ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÕ ×Ù
×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÉÔÕÀ ÐÁÒÕ Ó ÐÅÒÅËÒÅÓÔÎÙÍ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍ.</para>
</example>
<example>
<title>ãÅÎÔÒÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÆÉÓ ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÁÑ ÓÅÔØ</title>
<indexterm><primary>10 base T</primary></indexterm>
<para>óÅÔØ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ × ÔÏÐÏÌÏÇÉÉ Ú×ÅÚÄÙ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å 10 Base T Ethernet
(<quote>×ÉÔÁÑ ÐÁÒÁ</quote>).</para>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="advanced-networking/isdn-twisted-pair"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<literallayout class="monospaced"> -------óÅÒ×ÅÒ Novell
| H |
| ---Sun
| |
| U ---FreeBSD
| |
| ---Windows 95
| B |
|___---ïÔÄÅÌØÎÏ ÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ
|
ëÁÎÁÌ ISDN BRI</literallayout>
</textobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>óÈÅÍÁ ÓÅÔÉ Ó ISDN</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</example>
<para>ïÄÎÉÍ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏ×/ÍÏÓÔÏ×
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÉÍÅÔØ 2 <emphasis>ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ
ÎÅÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÙÈ</emphasis> ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ PPP Ë 2 ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍ ÓÁÊÔÁÍ
<emphasis>ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ</emphasis>. üÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å
TA, ËÒÏÍÅ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÄÏÒÏÇÉÈ) ÍÏÄÅÌÅÊ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈ ÐÏ Ä×Á
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÁ. îÅ ÐÕÔÁÊÔÅ ÜÔÏ Ó ÂÁÌÁÎÓÉÒÏ×ËÏÊ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ,
MPP É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para>
<para>üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏËÁÚÁÔØÓÑ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ
Õ ×ÁÓ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÅ ISDN-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÏÆÉÓÅ, É ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
ÉÍ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ËÁÎÁÌ
ISDN ÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ. íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ, ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÊ × ÏÆÉÓÅ, ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ËÁÎÁÌÕ B (64 ëÂÉÔ/Ó) ÄÌÑ
éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ,
É ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ËÁÎÁÌ B ÄÌÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ
ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. ÷ÔÏÒÏÊ ËÁÎÁÌ B ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ, ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ
É ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÍÙÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ (MPP É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ) ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó
ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ËÁÎÁÌÏÍ B ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
<indexterm><primary>IPX/SPX</primary></indexterm>
<para>íÏÓÔ Ethernet ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
ÔÒÁÆÉË IP. ÷Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØ IPX/SPX É ÌÀÂÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="network-natd">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Chern</firstname>
<surname>Lee</surname>
<contrib>ôÅËÓÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>äÁÅÍÏÎ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (natd)</title>
<sect2 id="network-natoverview">
<title>ïÂÚÏÒ</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><application>natd</application></primary>
</indexterm>
<para>äÁÅÍÏÎ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (Network Address
Translation) ×Ï FreeBSD, ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ËÁË &man.natd.8;, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ IP-ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ
ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔÅÌÑ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ É ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÜÔÉ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
× ÐÏÔÏËÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×. &man.natd.8; ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÜÔÏ, ÍÅÎÑÑ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ
ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔÅÌÑ É ÐÏÒÔ ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ
ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ, ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
É ÐÅÒÅÓÌÁÔØ ÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÌÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ.</para>
<indexterm>
<primary>ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>NAT</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>þÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ NAT ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ
óÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="network-natsetup">
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</title>
<para>éÚ-ÚÁ ÉÓÞÅÒÐÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× × IPv4 É Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ
ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ×ÙÓÏËÏÓËÏÒÏÓÔÎÙÈ ËÁÎÁÌÏ× Ó×ÑÚÉ, ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË
ËÁÂÅÌØÎÏÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÉÌÉ DSL, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ × ÒÅÛÅÎÉÉ ÐÏ óÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÍÕ
éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÒÁÓÔ£Ô. ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× ÞÅÒÅÚ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ É IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ
&man.natd.8; ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ.</para>
<para>þÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ Õ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÁÑ Ë ËÁÂÅÌØÎÏÍÕ
ËÁÎÁÌÕ ÉÌÉ ËÁÎÁÌÕ DSL Ó ÏÄÎÉÍ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ É ÅÓÔØ ÖÅÌÁÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
ÜÔÏÔ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÊ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ×
éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÍ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ FreeBSD, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÁÑÓÑ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÔØ
× ÒÏÌÉ ÛÌÀÚÁ. üÔÁ ÛÌÀÚÏ×ÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÍÅÔØ Ä×Á ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ
ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ—ÏÄÉÎ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÕ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, Á
ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ì÷ó. ÷ÓÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ËÏÎÃÅÎÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÉÌÉ ËÏÍÍÕÔÁÔÏÒ.</para>
<note>
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÐÏÄÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÕÀ ÓÅÔØ Ë
Internet ÞÅÒÅÚ ÛÌÀÚ &os;. üÔÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÛÌÀÚ c
Ä×ÕÍÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍÉ ËÁÒÔÁÍÉ.</para>
</note>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="advanced-networking/natd"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<literallayout class="monospaced"> _______ __________ ________
| | | | | |
| Hub |-----| Client B |-----| Router |----- Internet
|_______| |__________| |________|
|
____|_____
| |
| Client A |
|__________|</literallayout>
</textobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>óÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÓÅÔÉ</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
<para>ðÏÄÏÂÎÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ × éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ. ïÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÈ Ë ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ
ÓÅÔÉ ÍÁÛÉÎ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ Ë éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ. ïÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó
éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÜÔÏÊ <quote>ÛÌÀÚÏ×ÏÊ</quote> ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="network-natdkernconfiguration">
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>ÑÄÒÏ</primary>
<secondary>ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ:</para>
<programlisting>options IPFIREWALL
options IPDIVERT</programlisting>
<para>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
<programlisting>options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT
options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE</programlisting>
<para>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÉÅ
ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>
<programlisting>gateway_enable="YES" <co id="co-natd-gateway-enable"/>
firewall_enable="YES" <co id="co-natd-firewall-enable"/>
firewall_type="OPEN" <co id="co-natd-firewall-type"/>
natd_enable="YES"
natd_interface="<replaceable>fxp0</replaceable>" <co id="co-natd-natd-interface"/>
natd_flags="" <co id="co-natd-natd-flags"/></programlisting>
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs="co-natd-gateway-enable">
<para>õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÔØ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÛÌÀÚÁ. ÷ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1</command>
ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô Ë ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÍÕ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÕ.</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-natd-firewall-enable">
<para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ
ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>/etc/rc.firewall</filename>.</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-natd-firewall-type">
<para>úÄÅÓØ ÚÁÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÂÒÁÎÄÍÁÕÜÒÁ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ. ðÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
<filename>/etc/rc.firewall</filename> ÄÌÑ ÎÁÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ
ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÏ×.</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-natd-natd-interface">
<para>õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÅÒÅÚ ËÁËÏÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
(ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÊ Ë éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ).</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs="co-natd-natd-flags">
<para>ìÀÂÙÅ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ, ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ
ÄÁÅÍÏÎÕ &man.natd.8;.</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
<para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ×ÙÛÅÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× × ÆÁÊÌÅ
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
<command>natd -interface fxp0</command>. üÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ É
×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ.</para>
<note>
<para>åÓÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ &man.natd.8; ÎÁÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÏ
ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ. ÷
ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÍÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÞÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>natd_flags="-f /etc/natd.conf"</programlisting>
<para>æÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/natd.conf</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÐÏ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ × ÓÔÒÏËÅ. ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÄÌÑ
ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ ÉÚ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÁËÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ:</para>
<programlisting>redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667
redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.3:80 80</programlisting>
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ
ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÏ &man.natd.8; ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ
<option>-f</option>.</para>
</note>
<para>ëÁÖÄÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ É ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ × ì÷ó ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÉÚ
ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÞÁÓÔÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÏ × <ulink
url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1918.txt">RFC 1918</ulink>, Á ×
ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ
Ó <application>natd</application> ÉÚ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
<para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ <hostid>A</hostid> É <hostid>B</hostid> × ì÷ó
ÉÍÅÀÔ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ <hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.0.2</hostid> É <hostid
role="ipaddr">192.168.0.3</hostid>, Á ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ó natd ×
ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÍÅÅÔ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ <hostid
role="ipaddr">192.168.0.1</hostid>. íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ
ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× <hostid>A</hostid> É <hostid>B</hostid> ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ
ÍÁÛÉÎÁ Ó <application>natd</application>, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ <hostid
role="ipaddr">192.168.0.1</hostid>. ÷ÎÅÛÎÉÊ, ÉÌÉ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ-ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ
ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ó <application>natd</application> ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÏÓÏÂÙÈ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ &man.natd.8;.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="network-natdport-redirection">
<title>ðÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</title>
<para>íÉÎÕÓÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ &man.natd.8; Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ×
ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ
ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÉÚ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ. ëÌÉÅÎÔÙ × ì÷ó ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ×Ï ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ ÍÉÒ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ. üÔÏ
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÓÌÕÖ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÈ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ ×
ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. ðÒÏÓÔÙÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
ÐÏÒÔÏ× éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ó <application>natd</application> ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ
ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
<para>ðÕÓÔØ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ IRC ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ <hostid>A</hostid>,
Á Web-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ <hostid>B</hostid>. þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÏ, ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÁ ÐÏÒÔÁÈ 6667 (IRC) É 80 (Web),
ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.</para>
<para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ &man.natd.8; ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
<option>-redirect_port</option> Ó ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ.
óÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ:</para>
<programlisting> -redirect_port proto targetIP:targetPORT[-targetPORT]
[aliasIP:]aliasPORT[-aliasPORT]
[remoteIP[:remotePORT[-remotePORT]]]</programlisting>
<para>÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÔÁËÉÍÉ:</para>
<programlisting> -redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.2:6667 6667
-redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.3:80 80</programlisting>
<para>ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÙ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ
<emphasis>tcp</emphasis> ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
<para>áÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ <option>-redirect_port</option> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ
ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÏ× ÐÏÒÔÏ×, Á ÎÅ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
<replaceable>tcp 192.168.0.2:2000-3000 2000-3000</replaceable> ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÅ ÎÁ ÐÏÒÔÁÈ ÏÔ 2000 ÄÏ 3000,
ÎÁ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÏÔ 2000 ÄÏ 3000 ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ <hostid>A</hostid>.</para>
<para>üÔÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÐÒÉ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ
&man.natd.8;, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ ÉÈ × ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
<literal>natd_flags=""</literal> ÆÁÊÌÁ
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ÌÉÂÏ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔØ ÞÅÒÅÚ
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÈ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ
Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÐÏ &man.natd.8;</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="network-natdaddress-redirection">
<title>ðÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ</title>
<indexterm><primary>ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ</primary></indexterm>
<para>ðÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IP,
É ÏÎÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ. ÷ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ &man.natd.8; ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÎÁÚÎÁÞÉÔØ ËÁÖÄÏÍÕ ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ ì÷ó Ó×ÏÊ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ. úÁÔÅÍ
&man.natd.8; ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÏÔ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÁËÅÔÙ,
ÚÁÍÅÎÑÑ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ×ÎÅÛÎÉÅ, É ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ×ÅÓØ
ÔÒÁÆÉË, ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÍÕ ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ
ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ. üÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÍ NAT. ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÐÕÓÔØ
IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ <hostid role="ipaddr">128.1.1.1</hostid>, <hostid
role="ipaddr">128.1.1.2</hostid> É <hostid
role="ipaddr">128.1.1.3</hostid> ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÔ ÛÌÀÚÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ
<application>natd</application>. <hostid
role="ipaddr">128.1.1.1</hostid> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÛÌÀÚÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ <application>natd</application>,
ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË <hostid role="ipaddr">128.1.1.2</hostid> É <hostid
role="ipaddr">128.1.1.3</hostid> ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ
Ë ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍ ì÷ó <hostid>A</hostid> É <hostid>B</hostid>.</para>
<para>óÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ ÄÌÑ <option>-redirect_address</option> ÔÁËÏ×:</para>
<programlisting>-redirect_address localIP publicIP</programlisting>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
<tgroup cols="2">
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>localIP</entry>
<entry>÷ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>publicIP</entry>
<entry>÷ÎÅÛÎÉÊ IP, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ËÌÉÅÎÔÕ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÔÁË:</para>
<programlisting>-redirect_address 192.168.0.2 128.1.1.2
-redirect_address 192.168.0.3 128.1.1.3</programlisting>
<para>ëÁË É ÄÌÑ <option>-redirect_port</option>, ÜÔÉ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÔÁËÖÅ
ÐÏÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ × ÓÔÒÏËÕ <literal>natd_flags=""</literal> ÆÁÊÌÁ
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ
ÆÁÊÌ. ðÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÎÅÔ ÎÕÖÄÙ × ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ×,
ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÅ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ
IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.</para>
<para>÷ÎÅÛÎÉÅ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ó <application>natd</application> ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÂÙÔØ ÁËÔÉ×ÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ É Ñ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÓÉÎÏÎÉÍÁÍÉ ÄÌÑ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ.
ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë &man.rc.conf.5;, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="network-plip">
<title>IP ÐÏ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ (PLIP)</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PLIP</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>IP ÐÏ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ</primary>
<see>PLIP</see>
</indexterm>
<para>PLIP ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÎÁÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó TCP/IP ÐÏ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ. üÔÏ
ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÍÁÛÉÎ ÂÅÚ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÁ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÙ.
÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÍÙ ÏÂÓÕÄÉÍ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ËÁÂÅÌÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ (laplink).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ä×ÕÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ PLIP.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect2 id="network-create-parallel-cable">
<title>óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ËÁÂÅÌÑ</title>
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÉÏÂÒÅÓÔÉ ËÁÂÅÌØ ÄÌÑ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å
ÍÁÇÁÚÉÎÏ×, ÔÏÒÇÕÀÝÉÈ ËÏÍÐÌÅËÔÕÀÝÉÍÉ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÔÅ, ÉÌÉ ÖÅ
ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÔØ, ËÁË ÏÎ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ, ÔÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ
ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁÂÅÌØ ÉÚ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÎÏÇÏ ËÁÂÅÌÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>
<table frame="none">
<title>òÁÓÐÁÊËÁ ËÁÂÅÌÑ ÄÌÑ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ
ÒÁÂÏÔÙ</title>
<tgroup cols="5">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>A-name</entry>
<entry>A-End</entry>
<entry>B-End</entry>
<entry>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>
<entry>Post/Bit</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><literallayout>DATA0
-ERROR</literallayout></entry>
<entry><literallayout>2
15</literallayout></entry>
<entry><literallayout>15
2</literallayout></entry>
<entry>Data</entry>
<entry><literallayout>0/0x01
1/0x08</literallayout></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literallayout>DATA1
+SLCT</literallayout></entry>
<entry><literallayout>3
13</literallayout></entry>
<entry><literallayout>13
3</literallayout></entry>
<entry>Data</entry>
<entry><literallayout>0/0x02
1/0x10</literallayout></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literallayout>DATA2
+PE</literallayout></entry>
<entry><literallayout>4
12</literallayout></entry>
<entry><literallayout>12
4</literallayout></entry>
<entry>Data</entry>
<entry><literallayout>0/0x04
1/0x20</literallayout></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literallayout>DATA3
-ACK</literallayout></entry>
<entry><literallayout>5
10</literallayout></entry>
<entry><literallayout>10
5</literallayout></entry>
<entry>Strobe</entry>
<entry><literallayout>0/0x08
1/0x40</literallayout></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literallayout>DATA4
BUSY</literallayout></entry>
<entry><literallayout>6
11</literallayout></entry>
<entry><literallayout>11
6</literallayout></entry>
<entry>Data</entry>
<entry><literallayout>0/0x10
1/0x80</literallayout></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>GND</entry>
<entry>18-25</entry>
<entry>18-25</entry>
<entry>GND</entry>
<entry>-</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="network-plip-setup">
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ PLIP</title>
<para>ðÒÅÖÄÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ laplink-ËÁÂÅÌØ. úÁÔÅÍ
ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ ÏÂÏÉÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÈ × ÑÄÒÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ
ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ &man.lpt.4;:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>grep lp /var/run/dmesg.boot</userinput>
lpt0: <Printer> on ppbus0
lpt0: Interrupt-driven port</screen>
<para>õÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÒÔÏÍ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÐÏ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑÍ.
æÁÊÌ <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>
ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>
<programlisting>hint.ppc.0.at="isa"
hint.ppc.0.irq="7"</programlisting>
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÓÔÒÏËÕ
<literal>device plip</literal>, ÉÌÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎ ÌÉ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÑÄÒÁ
<filename>plip.ko</filename>. ÷ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó
ÓÅÔØÀ ÐÏ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÒÔÕ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.ifconfig.8;.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig plip0</userinput>
plip0: flags=8810<POINTOPOINT,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500</screen>
<para>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ËÁÂÅÌØ laplink Ë ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁÍ ÎÁ ÏÂÏÉÈ
ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÈ.</para>
<para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ Ó ÏÂÅÉÈ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÑ ËÁË
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <username>root</username>. ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ÈÏÓÔ <hostid>host1</hostid>, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
&os; 4.X, Ó ÈÏÓÔÏÍ <hostid>host2</hostid> ÐÏÄ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
&os; 5.X:</para>
<programlisting> host1 <-----> host2
IP Address 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2</programlisting>
<para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ <hostid>host1</hostid>,
×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ×:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig plip0 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2</userinput></screen>
<para>îÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ <hostid>host2</hostid>,
×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ×:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig lp0 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1</userinput></screen>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ,
ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÐÏ &man.lp.4; É &man.lpt.4; ÄÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ
ÄÅÔÁÌÅÊ.</para>
<para>÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÏÂÁ ÈÏÓÔÁ ×
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>127.0.0.1 localhost.my.domain localhost
10.0.0.1 host1.my.domain host1
10.0.0.2 host2.my.domain</programlisting>
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÍÕ ÈÏÓÔÕ É
×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
ping. ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ <hostid>host1</hostid>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig lp0</userinput>
lp0: flags=8851<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.1 --> 10.0.0.2 netmask 0xff000000
&prompt.root; <userinput>netstat -r</userinput>
Routing tables
Internet:
Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
host2 host1 UH 0 0 lp0
&prompt.root; <userinput>ping -c 4 host2</userinput>
PING host2 (10.0.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.774 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.530 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=2.556 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=2.714 ms
--- host2 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 2.530/2.643/2.774/0.103 ms</screen>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="network-ipv6">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Aaron</firstname>
<surname>Kaplan</surname>
<contrib>ðÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÌ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Tom</firstname>
<surname>Rhodes</surname>
<contrib>òÅÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÉÚÁÃÉÀ É ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ×Î£Ó </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Brad</firstname>
<surname>Davis</surname>
<contrib>òÁÓÛÉÒÉÌ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>IPv6</title>
<para>IPv6 (ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ IPng <quote>IP next generation</quote> -
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ÐÏËÏÌÅÎÉÅ IP) Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ
ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ IP (ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÔÁËÖÅ <acronym>IPv4</acronym>). ëÁË É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ *BSD, FreeBSD ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÜÔÁÌÏÎÎÕÀ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÀ IPv6 ÏÔ
KAME. ôÁË ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ FreeBSD ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÍ,
ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó IPv6. üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£Î
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ É ÚÁÐÕÓËÕ × ÒÁÂÏÔÕ IPv6.</para>
<para>÷ ÎÁÞÁÌÅ 1990-È ÌÀÄÉ ÓÔÁÌÉ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÉÔØÓÑ Ï ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÉÓÓÑËÁÀÝÅÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÍ
ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Å IPv4. ðÒÉÎÉÍÁÑ ×Ï ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÔÅÍÐÙ ÒÏÓÔÁ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, ÉÍÅÌÉÓØ
ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>îÅÈ×ÁÔËÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×. óÅÇÏÄÎÑ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁËÁÑ ÂÏÌØÛÁÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ, ÔÁË ËÁË
ÓÔÁÌÉ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÔØÓÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÄÌÑ ÞÁÓÔÎÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ (RFC1918)
(<hostid role="ipaddr">10.0.0.0/8</hostid>,
<hostid role="ipaddr">172.16.0.0/12</hostid> É <hostid
role="ipaddr">192.168.0.0/24</hostid>) É ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÑ
ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (<acronym>NAT</acronym> - Network
Address Translation).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ôÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÑÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÓÞÕÒ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍÉ. üÔÏ ×Ó£ ÅÝ£
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ ÓÅÇÏÄÎÑ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>IPv6 ÒÅÛÁÅÔ ÜÔÉ É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>128-ÂÉÔÎÏÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï. äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, ÔÅÏÒÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.
üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÐÌÏÔÎÏÓÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ × 6.67 * 10^27 ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IPv6 ÎÁ
Ë×ÁÄÒÁÔÎÙÊ ÍÅÔÒ ÎÁÛÅÊ ÐÌÁÎÅÔÙ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>íÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÈÒÁÎÉÔØ × Ó×ÏÉÈ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁÈ ÔÏÌØËÏ
ÁÇÒÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÓÅÔÅÊ, ÞÔÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÅÔ ÓÒÅÄÎÉÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÄÏ 8192 ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>éÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÈ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ IPv6, ÔÁËÉÈ,
ËÁË:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ (<ulink
url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2462.txt">RFC2462</ulink>)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>çÒÕÐÐÏ×ÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ (<quote>ÏÄÉÎ Ë ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍ ÉÚ
ÍÎÏÇÉÈ</quote>)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ïÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>IPsec (IP security - ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÙÊ IP)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>õÐÒÏÝ£ÎÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÁ</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>íÏÂÉÌØÎÙÊ <acronym>IP</acronym></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>íÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÙ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ IPv6-×-IPv4</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ïÂÚÏÒ IPv6 ÎÁ ÓÁÊÔÅ <ulink
url="http://playground.sun.com/pub/ipng/html/ipng-main.html">playground.sun.com</ulink></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://www.kame.net">KAME.net</ulink></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><ulink url="http://www.6bone.net">6bone.net</ulink></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect2>
<title>ïÓÎÏ×Ù ÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÉ IPv6</title>
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IPv6: ÏÄÎÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÙÅ (Unicast),
ÇÒÕÐÐÏ×ÙÅ (Anycast) É ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÙÅ (Multicast).</para>
<para>áÄÒÅÓÁ ÔÉÐÁ Unicast ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ×ÓÅÍ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙ. ðÁËÅÔ, ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ
ÔÁËÏÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔ × ÔÏÞÎÏÓÔÉ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÜÔÏÍÕ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ.</para>
<para>áÄÒÅÓÁ ÔÉÐÁ Anycast ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÅÏÔÌÉÞÉÍÙ ÏÔ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× Unicast,
ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÕÀÔ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×. ðÁËÅÔ, ÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÔÁËÏÍÕ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ,
ÐÏÐÁÄ£Ô × ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÉÊ (ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ ÍÅÔÒÉËÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ) ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ.
áÄÒÅÓÁ Anycast ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁÍÉ.</para>
<para>áÄÒÅÓÁ ÔÉÐÁ Multicast ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÀÔ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×. ðÁËÅÔ,
ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ ÔÁËÏÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÅÔ ×ÓÅÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ×, ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ë
ÇÒÕÐÐÅ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ×ÅÝÁÎÉÑ.</para>
<note>
<para>ûÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ IPv4 (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ <hostid
role="ipaddr">xxx.xxx.xxx.255</hostid>) ×ÙÒÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ
ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ×ÅÝÁÎÉÑ IPv6.</para>
</note>
<table frame="none">
<title>úÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ IPv6</title>
<tgroup cols="4">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>IPv6 ÁÄÒÅÓ</entry>
<entry>äÌÉÎÁ ÐÒÅÆÉËÓÁ (ÂÉÔÙ)</entry>
<entry>ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>
<entry>úÁÍÅÔËÉ</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><hostid role="ip6addr">::</hostid></entry>
<entry>128 ÂÉÔ</entry>
<entry>ÎÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ</entry>
<entry>cf. <hostid role="ipaddr">0.0.0.0</hostid> ×
IPv4</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid role="ip6addr">::1</hostid></entry>
<entry>128 ÂÉÔ</entry>
<entry>loopback ÁÄÒÅÓ</entry>
<entry>cf. <hostid role="ipaddr">127.0.0.1</hostid> ×
IPv4</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid
role="ip6addr">::00:xx:xx:xx:xx</hostid></entry>
<entry>96 ÂÉÔ</entry>
<entry>×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ IPv4</entry>
<entry>îÉÖÎÉÅ 32 ÂÉÔÁ ÜÔÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ IPv4. ôÁËÖÅ
ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <quote>IPv4 ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍ IPv6
ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ</quote></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid
role="ip6addr">::ff:xx:xx:xx:xx</hostid></entry>
<entry>96 ÂÉÔ</entry>
<entry>áÄÒÅÓ IPv6, ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ IPv4</entry>
<entry>îÉÖÎÉÅ 32 ÂÉÔÁ ÜÔÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ IPv4.
äÌÑ ÈÏÓÔÏ×, ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ IPv6.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid role="ip6addr">fe80::</hostid> - <hostid
role="ip6addr">feb::</hostid></entry>
<entry>10 ÂÉÔ</entry>
<entry>link-local</entry>
<entry>cf. loopback ÁÄÒÅÓ × IPv4</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid role="ip6addr">fec0::</hostid> - <hostid
role="ip6addr">fef::</hostid></entry>
<entry>10 ÂÉÔ</entry>
<entry>site-local</entry>
<entry> </entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid role="ip6addr">ff::</hostid></entry>
<entry>8 ÂÉÔ</entry>
<entry>ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ</entry>
<entry> </entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid role="ip6addr">001</hostid> (ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
2)</entry>
<entry>3 ÂÉÔ</entry>
<entry>global unicast</entry>
<entry>÷ÓÅ global unicast ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÐÒÉÓ×ÁÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ
ÐÕÌÁ. ðÅÒ×ÙÅ ÔÒÉ ÂÉÔÁ
<quote>001</quote>.</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>þÔÅÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IPv6</title>
<para>ëÁÎÏÎÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÆÏÒÍÁ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ × ×ÉÄÅ <hostid
role="ip6addr">x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x</hostid>, ÇÄÅ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ
<quote>x</quote> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ 16-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÙÍ ÞÉÓÌÏÍ × ÛÅÓÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÅÒÉÞÎÏÊ
ÆÏÒÍÅ. ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, <hostid
role="ip6addr">FEBC:A574:382B:23C1:AA49:4592:4EFE:9982</hostid></para>
<para>þÁÓÔÏ × ÁÄÒÅÓÅ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ, ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÕÌÑÍÉ,
ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÏÄÎÁ ÔÁËÁÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÁ ÄÏ
<quote>::</quote>. ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÄÏ ÔÒÅÈ ×ÅÄÕÝÉÈ <quote>0</quote>
ÎÁ ÛÅÓÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÅÒÉÞÎÕÀ ÞÅÔ×ÅÒËÕ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÏÐÕÝÅÎÙ.
ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, <hostid role="ip6addr">fe80::1</hostid>
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ËÁÎÏÎÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÅ <hostid
role="ip6addr">fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001</hostid>.</para>
<para>÷ ÔÒÅÔØÅÊ ÆÏÒÍÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ 32 ÂÉÔÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÍ
(ÄÅÓÑÔÉÞÎÏÍ) ÓÔÉÌÅ IPv4 Ó ÔÏÞËÁÍÉ <quote>.</quote> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÅÌÅÊ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <hostid
role="ip6addr">f2002::10.0.0.1</hostid> ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
(ÛÅÓÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÅÒÉÞÎÏÍÕ) ËÁÎÏÎÉÞÅÓËÏÍÕ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÀ <hostid
role="ip6addr">2002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0a00:0001</hostid>,
ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ, × Ó×ÏÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ, ÒÁ×ÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ <hostid
role="ip6addr">2002::a00:1</hostid>.</para>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÞÉÔÁÔÅÌØ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÎÑÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÚÁÐÉÓØ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig</userinput></screen>
<programlisting>rl0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1
ether 00:00:21:03:08:e1
media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX )
status: active</programlisting>
<para><hostid role="ip6addr">fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0</hostid>
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÍ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ. ïÎ
ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ MAC ÁÄÒÅÓÁ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× IPv6
ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <ulink
url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3513.txt">RFC3513</ulink>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ</title>
<para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÄÒÕÇÉÍ
ÈÏÓÔÁÍ É ÓÅÔÑÍ IPv6:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>ðÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÏÍÕ 6bone</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ðÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÅÔØ IPv6 ÏÔ ×ÙÛÅÓÔÏÑÝÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÁÃÉÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>ôÕÎÎÅÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ 6-×-4 (<ulink
url="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3068.txt">RFC3068</ulink>)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔ <filename
role="package">net/freenet6</filename>, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ
ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>úÄÅÓØ ÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÍ ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë 6bone, ÔÁË ËÁË ÎÁ
ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÜÔÏ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÙÍ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ.</para>
<para>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÚÇÌÑÎÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÓÁÊÔ <ulink
url="http://www.6bone.net/">6bone</ulink> É ÎÁÊÄÉÔÅ ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÕÀ Ë ×ÁÍ ÔÏÞËÕ
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë 6bone. îÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍÕ É ÐÒÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÕÄÁÞÅ ×ÁÍ
ÄÁÄÕÔ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ GRE (gif).</para>
<para>÷ÏÔ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ &man.gif.4;:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig gif0 create</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig gif0</userinput>
gif0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1280
&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig gif0 tunnel <replaceable>MY_IPv4_ADDR MY_IPv4_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig gif0 inet6 alias <replaceable>MY_ASSIGNED_IPv6_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR MY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÓÌÏ×Á, ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍÉ ÂÕË×ÁÍÉ, ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ
×ÁÍ ÄÁÌ ×ÙÛÅÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÕÚÅÌ 6bone.</para>
<para>ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÓÑ ÔÕÎÎÅÌØ. ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ
&man.ping6.8; Ó ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ <hostid role="ip6addr">ff02::1%gif0</hostid>.
÷Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ Ä×Á ÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ.</para>
<note>
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÉÎÔÒÉÇÏ×ÁÎÙ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ <hostid
role="ip6addr">ff02:1%gif0</hostid>, ÓËÁÖÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÁÄÒÅÓ
ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ×ÅÝÁÎÉÑ. <literal>%gif0</literal> ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ Ó ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏÍ
<devicename>gif0</devicename>. ôÁË ËÁË ÍÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÍ
<command>ping</command> ÎÁÄ ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÏÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ×ÅÝÁÎÉÑ, ÔÏ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ
ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔØ.</para>
</note>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ Ë ×ÁÛÅÊ ×ÙÛÅÓÔÏÑÝÅÊ ÔÏÞËÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ
6bone ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>route add -inet6 default -interface gif0</userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ping6 -n <replaceable>MY_UPLINK</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>traceroute6 www.jp.FreeBSD.org</userinput>
(3ffe:505:2008:1:2a0:24ff:fe57:e561) from 3ffe:8060:100::40:2, 30 hops max, 12 byte packets
1 atnet-meta6 14.147 ms 15.499 ms 24.319 ms
2 6bone-gw2-ATNET-NT.ipv6.tilab.com 103.408 ms 95.072 ms *
3 3ffe:1831:0:ffff::4 138.645 ms 134.437 ms 144.257 ms
4 3ffe:1810:0:6:290:27ff:fe79:7677 282.975 ms 278.666 ms 292.811 ms
5 3ffe:1800:0:ff00::4 400.131 ms 396.324 ms 394.769 ms
6 3ffe:1800:0:3:290:27ff:fe14:cdee 394.712 ms 397.19 ms 394.102 ms</screen>
<para>üÔÁ ×ÙÄÁÞÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ë ÍÁÛÉÎÅ. ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
ÓÕÍÅÔØ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔØ ÓÁÊÔÁ IPv6 <ulink
url="http://www.kame.net">www.kame.net</ulink> É Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÔÁÎÃÕÀÝÕÀ
ÞÅÒÅÐÁÈÕ — × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ IPv6, ËÁË,
ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <filename role="package">www/mozilla</filename> ÉÌÉ
<application>Konqueror</application>,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÈÏÄÉÔ × <filename role="package">x11/kdebase3</filename>,
ÉÌÉ <filename role="package">www/epiphany</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>DNS × ÍÉÒÅ IPv6</title>
<para>äÌÑ IPv6 ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ Ä×Á ÔÉÐÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ DNS. IETF
ÏÂßÑ×ÉÌ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ A6 ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÛÉÍÉ. óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÏÍ ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ AAAA.</para>
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ AAAA ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ. îÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ×ÁÛÅÍÕ
ÉÍÅÎÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ IPv6 ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ:</para>
<programlisting>MYHOSTNAME AAAA MYIPv6ADDR</programlisting>
<para>Ë ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÏÍÕ ÆÁÊÌÕ DNS ÚÏÎÙ. ÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ
ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔÅ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÏÎÙ <acronym>DNS</acronym>, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ <acronym>DNS</acronym>. éÍÅÀÝÉÅÓÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
<application>bind</application> (×ÅÒÓÉÊ 8.3 É 9) É
<filename role="package">dns/djbdns</filename> (Ó ÐÁÔÞÅÍ IPv6)
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ AAAA.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>÷ÎÅÓÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ×
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename></title>
<sect3>
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ËÌÉÅÎÔÏ× IPv6</title>
<para>üÔÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÏÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÁÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÓÅÔÉ ËÁË ËÌÉÅÎÔ, Á ÎÅ ËÁË ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ.
äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× ÞÅÒÅÚ &man.rtsol.8;
ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ, ×ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÜÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
<programlisting>ipv6_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>äÌÑ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎÉÑ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ÔÁËÏÇÏ ËÁË <hostid
role="ip6addr">2001:471:1f11:251:290:27ff:fee0:2093</hostid>,
ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ <devicename>fxp0</devicename>, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ:</para>
<programlisting>ipv6_ifconfig_fxp0="2001:471:1f11:251:290:27ff:fee0:2093"</programlisting>
<para>äÌÑ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
<hostid role="ip6addr">2001:471:1f11:251::1</hostid>,
ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ Ë
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>ipv6_defaultrouter="2001:471:1f11:251::1"</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ/ÛÌÀÚÁ IPv6</title>
<para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÙÄÁÌ
ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <ulink
url="http://www.6bone.net/">6bone</ulink>, É ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ. äÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÎÉÖÅÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÅ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.</para>
<para>úÁÄÁÊÔÅ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÔÕÎÎÅÌØÎÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× (Generic Tunneling
interfaces), ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
<devicename>gif0</devicename>:</para>
<programlisting>gif_interfaces="gif0"</programlisting>
<para>äÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ Ó ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÁ
<replaceable>MY_IPv4_ADDR</replaceable> Ë ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÔÏÞËÅ
<replaceable>REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR</replaceable>:</para>
<programlisting>gifconfig_gif0="<replaceable>MY_IPv4_ADDR REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR</replaceable>"</programlisting>
<para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ IPv6 ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÙÌ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎ ÄÌÑ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ Ë ÔÕÎÎÅÌÀ IPv6, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ:</para>
<programlisting>ipv6_ifconfig_gif0="<replaceable>MY_ASSIGNED_IPv6_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR</replaceable>"</programlisting>
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ×ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÜÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ
ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ IPv6. üÔÏ ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÑ IPv6:</para>
<programlisting>ipv6_defaultrouter="<replaceable>MY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR</replaceable>"</programlisting>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÔÕÎÎÅÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ IPv6</title>
<para>åÓÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÍÅÖÄÕ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÅÔØÀ É
ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÍ ÍÉÒÏÍ, ÔÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ:</para>
<programlisting>ipv6_gateway_enable="YES"</programlisting>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>òÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× É Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ
ÈÏÓÔÏ×</title>
<para>üÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ &man.rtadvd.8; ÄÌÑ
ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ IPv6 ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.</para>
<para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ &man.rtadvd.8; ×ÁÍ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ×
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
<programlisting>rtadvd_enable="YES"</programlisting>
<para>÷ÁÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ IPv6. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ &man.rtadvd.8;
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <devicename>fxp0</devicename>:</para>
<programlisting>rtadvd_interfaces="fxp0"</programlisting>
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÍÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ,
<filename>/etc/rtadvd.conf</filename>. ÷ÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ:</para>
<programlisting>fxp0:\
:addrs#1:addr="2001:471:1f11:246::":prefixlen#64:tc=ether:</programlisting>
<para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <devicename>fxp0</devicename> ÎÁ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù
ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.</para>
<para>úÁÔÅÍ, ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <hostid
role="ip6addr">2001:471:1f11:246::</hostid> ÎÁ ÐÒÅÆÉËÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ
ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ.</para>
<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÁÑ ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ <hostid
role="netmask">/64</hostid>, ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÎÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ.
éÎÁÞÅ, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ <literal>prefixlen#</literal>
ÎÁ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="network-atm">
<sect1info>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Harti</firstname>
<surname>Brandt</surname>
<contrib>ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ </contrib>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</sect1info>
<title>áÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ (ATM)</title>
<sect2>
<title>ëÌÁÓÓÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ IP ÞÅÒÅÚ ATM (PVC)</title>
<para>ëÌÁÓÓÉÞÅÓËÉÊ IP ÞÅÒÅÚ ATM (<acronym>CLIP</acronym>)
ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÅÊÛÉÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÁÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ
ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ (Asynchronous Transfer Mode, ATM) Ó IP. ïÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ Ó ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÙÍÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ
(switched connections, SVC) É Ó ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ
(permanent connections, PVC). ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ
ËÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÓÅÔØ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å PVC.</para>
<sect3>
<title>ðÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÙÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ</title>
<para>ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ <acronym>CLIP</acronym> Ó
PVC ÜÔÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÍÕ × ÓÅÔÉ Ó
×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÍ PVC. èÏÔÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÁ, ÏÎÁ ÎÅÐÒÁËÔÉÞÎÁ
ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×. ÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ,
ÞÔÏ × ÓÅÔÉ ÅÓÔØ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ, ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÊ Ë
<acronym role="Asynchronous Transfer Mode">ATM</acronym>
ÓÅÔÉ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ËÁÒÔÙ <acronym
role="Asynchronous Transfer Mode">ATM</acronym> ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ.
ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÛÁÇ ÜÔÏ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× É <acronym
role="Asynchronous Transfer Mode">ATM</acronym> ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ
ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁÍÉ. íÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ:</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>èÏÓÔ</entry>
<entry>IP ÁÄÒÅÓ</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><hostid>hostA</hostid></entry>
<entry><hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.173.1</hostid></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid>hostB</hostid></entry>
<entry><hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.173.2</hostid></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid>hostC</hostid></entry>
<entry><hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.173.3</hostid></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid>hostD</hostid></entry>
<entry><hostid role="ipaddr">192.168.173.4</hostid></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>äÌÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ ÎÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ
ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ATM ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÀ ÍÅÖÄÕ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÐÁÒÏÊ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×:</para>
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<colspec colwidth="1*"/>
<thead>
<row>
<entry>ëÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÙ</entry>
<entry>VPI.VCI ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><hostid>hostA</hostid> - <hostid>hostB</hostid></entry>
<entry>0.100</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid>hostA</hostid> - <hostid>hostC</hostid></entry>
<entry>0.101</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid>hostA</hostid> - <hostid>hostD</hostid></entry>
<entry>0.102</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid>hostB</hostid> - <hostid>hostC</hostid></entry>
<entry>0.103</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid>hostB</hostid> - <hostid>hostD</hostid></entry>
<entry>0.104</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><hostid>hostC</hostid> - <hostid>hostD</hostid></entry>
<entry>0.105</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<para>úÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ VPI É VCI ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÍ ËÏÎÃÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ
ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ, ÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÉÑ ÍÙ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ù.
úÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ATM ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÏÍ
ÈÏÓÔÅ:</para>
<screen>hostA&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.1 up</userinput>
hostB&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.2 up</userinput>
hostC&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.3 up</userinput>
hostD&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig hatm0 192.168.173.4 up</userinput></screen>
<para>ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÑ, ÞÔÏ ATM ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
<devicename>hatm0</devicename> ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÈÏÓÔÁÈ. ôÅÐÅÒØ PVC
ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÎÁ <hostid>hostA</hostid> (ÍÙ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ,
ÞÔÏ ATM ËÏÍÍÕÔÁÔÏÒÙ ÕÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ, ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ Ó×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ
Ó ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÁ ËÏÍÍÕÔÁÔÏÒ ÚÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏ
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ).</para>
<screen>hostA&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 100 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostA&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 101 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostA&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 102 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostB&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.1 hatm0 0 100 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostB&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 103 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostB&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 104 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostC&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.1 hatm0 0 101 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostC&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 103 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostC&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 105 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostD&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.1 hatm0 0 102 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostD&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 104 llc/snap ubr</userinput>
hostD&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm add 192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 105 llc/snap ubr</userinput></screen>
<para>ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ UBR ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÔÉÐ,<!--traffic
contracts--> ÅÓÌÉ ATM ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÏ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
ÉÍÑ ÔÉÐÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÍÉ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ. ðÏÍÏÝØ ÐÏ
&man.atmconfig.8; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig help natm add</userinput></screen>
<para>ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.atmconfig.8;.</para>
<para>ôÁ ÖÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. äÌÑ <hostid>hostA</hostid>
ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>
<programlisting>network_interfaces="lo0 hatm0"
ifconfig_hatm0="inet 192.168.173.1 up"
natm_static_routes="hostB hostC hostD"
route_hostB="192.168.173.2 hatm0 0 100 llc/snap ubr"
route_hostC="192.168.173.3 hatm0 0 101 llc/snap ubr"
route_hostD="192.168.173.4 hatm0 0 102 llc/snap ubr"</programlisting>
<para>ôÅËÕÝÉÊ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ ×ÓÅÈ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏ× <acronym>CLIP</acronym>
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>
<screen>hostA&prompt.root; <userinput>atmconfig natm show</userinput></screen>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>