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Glen Barber 241300a95c Remove reference to atacontrol(8). 
PR:		189833
Submitted by:	Paul J Murphy <paul@inetstat.net>
Patched by:	<venture37@geeklan.co.uk>
Approved by:	re (implicit)
Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
2014-05-26 00:18:22 +00:00

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /><title>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" /><link rev="made" href="doc@FreeBSD.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><meta name="description" content="The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the 10.0-STABLE development line. This document lists applicable security advisories that were issued since the last release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also presented." /></head><body><div class="article"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="idp61490720"></a>FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE Release Notes</h1></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="orgname">The FreeBSD Project</span></h3></div></div><div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="copyright">Copyright © 2013-2014 The FreeBSD Documentation
Project</p></div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="legalnotice"><a id="trademarks"></a><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">FreeBSD is a registered trademark of
the FreeBSD Foundation. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">IBM, AIX, OS/2,
PowerPC, PS/2, S/390, and ThinkPad are
trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the
United States, other countries, or both. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">IEEE, POSIX, and 802 are registered
trademarks of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Inc. in the United States. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Intel, Celeron, EtherExpress, i386,
i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United
States and other countries. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">SPARC, SPARC64, and
UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc in the United
States and other countries. SPARC International, Inc owns all of the
SPARC trademarks and under licensing agreements allows the proper use
of these trademarks by its members. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Many of the designations used by
manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed
as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document,
and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the
designations have been followed by the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">&#8482;</span>&#8221;</span> or the
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">®</span>&#8221;</span> symbol. </p></div></div><div>Last modified on 2014-01-14 by hrs.</div><div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="abstract"><div class="abstract-title">Abstract</div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The release notes for FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE contain
a summary of the changes made to the FreeBSD base system on the
10.0-STABLE development line. This document lists
applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
release, as well as significant changes to the FreeBSD kernel and
userland. Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
presented. </p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><div class="toc-title">Table of Contents</div><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#intro">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#new">2. What's New</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#upgrade">3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="intro"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">This document contains the release notes for FreeBSD
10.0-RELEASE. It describes recently added, changed, or
deleted features of FreeBSD. It also provides some notes on
upgrading from previous versions of FreeBSD. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The latest, up-to-date version of the release notes are
available online at <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/10.0R/relnotes.html</a></code>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">This distribution of FreeBSD
10.0-RELEASE is a release distribution. It can be
found at <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="uri"><a class="uri" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/</a></code> or
any of its mirrors. More information on obtaining this (or other)
release distributions of FreeBSD can be found in the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mirrors.html" target="_top"><span class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Obtaining
FreeBSD</span>&#8221;</span> appendix</a> to the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="../../../../doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD Handbook</a>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">All users are encouraged to consult the release errata before
installing FreeBSD. The errata document is updated with
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">late-breaking</span>&#8221;</span> information discovered late in the
release cycle or after the release. Typically, it contains
information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections to
documentation. An up-to-date copy of the errata for FreeBSD
10.0-RELEASE can be found on the FreeBSD Web site. </p></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="new"></a>2. What's New</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">This section describes the most user-visible new or changed
features in FreeBSD since 9.2-RELEASE. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Typical release note items document recent security advisories
issued after 9.2-RELEASE, new drivers or hardware support, new
commands or options, major bug fixes, or contributed software
upgrades. They may also list changes to major ports/packages or
release engineering practices. Clearly the release notes cannot
list every single change made to FreeBSD between releases; this
document focuses primarily on security advisories, user-visible
changes, and major architectural improvements. </p><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="security"></a>2.1. Security Advisories</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Problems described in the following security advisories have
been fixed. For more information, consult the individual
advisories available from
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://security.FreeBSD.org/" target="_top">FreeBSD
Security Information</a>. </p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Advisory</th><th>Date</th><th>Topic</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-13:14.openssh.asc" target="_top">SA-13:14.openssh</a></td><td>19 November 2013</td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">OpenSSH AES-GCM memory corruption
vulnerability </p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:01.bsnmpd.asc" target="_top">SA-14:01.bsnmpd</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">bsnmpd remote denial of service vulnerability </p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:02.ntpd.asc" target="_top">SA-14:02.ntpd</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">ntpd distributed reflection Denial of Service vulnerability </p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:03.openssl.asc" target="_top">SA-14:03.openssl</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities </p></td></tr><tr><td><a class="link" href="http://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-14:04.bind.asc" target="_top">SA-14:04.bind</a></td><td>14 January 2014</td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">BIND remote denial of service vulnerability </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel"></a>2.2. Kernel Changes</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Capsicum has been enabled in the kernel by default, allowing
sandboxing of several programs that work within the
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">capabilities mode</span>&#8221;</span>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] The drm2(4) Radeon GPU
driver, which works for GPUs up-to Radeon HD 6000 and partially
supports the Radeon HD 7000 family, has been added. This driver
was ported from Linux 3.8. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=254885">[r254885]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The use of unmapped VMIO buffers
eliminates the need to perform TLB shootdown for mapping on
buffer creation and reuse, greatly reducing the amount of IPIs
for shootdown on big-SMP machines and eliminating up to 25-30%
of the system time on i/o intensive workloads. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=248508">[r248508]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64] The maximum amount of memory
the FreeBSD kernel can address has been increased from 1TB to
4TB. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=254466">[r254466]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> kernel debugger now has an
output capture facility. Input and output from <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> can
now be captured to a memory buffer for later inspection using
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysctl&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sysctl</span>(8)</span></a> or a textdump. The new
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="command">capture</code> command controls this feature. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> debugger now supports a simple
scripting facility, which supports a set of named scripts
consisting of a set of <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> commands. These commands can
be managed from within <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> or with the use of the new
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(8)</span></a> utility. More details can be found in the
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ddb&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ddb</span>(4)</span></a> manual page. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] Support was added for
the new Intel on-CPU Bull Mountain random number
generator, found on IvyBridge and supposedly later CPUs,
accessible with the RDRAND instruction. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=240135">[r240135]</a></p><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-virtualization"></a>2.2.1. Virtualization support</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64] The BSD Hypervisor,
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> is included with FreeBSD. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(8)</span></a> requires
Intel CPUs with VT-x and Extended Page Table (EPT) support.
These features are on all Nehalem models and beyond (e.g.
Nehalem and newer), but not on the lower-end Atom CPUs. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=245652">[r245652]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> support has been added.
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio</span>(4)</span></a> is the name for the paravirtualization
interface developed for the Linux KVM, but since adopted to
other virtual machine hypervisors (with the notable exception
of Xen). This work brings in a BSD-licensed clean-room
implementation of the virtio kernel drivers for disk IO
(<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_blk&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_blk</span>(4)</span></a> and <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_scsi&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_scsi</span>(4)</span></a>), network IO
(<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vtnet&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vtnet</span>(4)</span></a>), memory ballooning (<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=virtio_balloon&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">virtio_balloon</span>(4)</span></a>),
and PCI. Tested with on Qemu/KVM, VirtualBox, and
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bhyve</span>(4)</span></a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=227652">[r227652]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] Paravirtualized
drivers which support Microsoft Hyper-V have been imported and
made part of the amd64 GENERIC kernel. For i386, these
drivers are not part of GENERIC, so the following lines must
be added to <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/boot/loader.conf</code> to load
these drivers: <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255524">[r255524]</a></p><pre class="programlisting">hv_ata_pci_disengage_load="YES"
hv_netsvc_load="YES"
hv_utils_load="YES"
hv_vmbus_load="YES"</pre><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Alternatively, the Hyper-V drivers can be added to the
i386 kernel by adding <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="literal">device hyperv</code> to the
kernel config, and then recompiling the kernel. Please refer
to <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/HyperV" target="_top">FreeBSD
and Microsoft Windows Server Hyper-V support</a> for full
instructions on how to set up Hyper-V support under
FreeBSD. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been added.
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vmx&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vmx</span>(4)</span></a> is a VMware VMXNET3 ethernet driver ported from
OpenBSD. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=254738">[r254738]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] Xen PVHVM
virtualization is now part of the GENERIC kernel. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255744">[r255744]</a></p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="kernel-arm"></a>2.2.2. ARM support</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Raspberry PI support has been added.
Refer to these <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=164" target="_top">setup
instructions</a> and this <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://www.raspberrypi.org/quick-start-guide" target="_top">quick
start guide</a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=239922">[r239922]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The default ABI on ARM is now the ARM
EABI. This brings a number of improvements and allows future
support for VFP and Thumb-2. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=253396">[r253396]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">ARM support has been greatly improved,
including support for ARMv6 and ARMv7, SMP and thread-local
storage (TLS). Additionally support for some newer SoC like
the MV78x60 and OMAP4 was added. See the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-arm/2012-August/003757.html" target="_top">announcement</a>
for further details. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=239268">[r239268]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Superpages support on ARM has been
added. Superpages support provides improved performance and
scalability by allowing TLB translations to dynamically cover
large physical memory regions. All ARMv6 and ARMv7-based
platforms can take advantage of this feature. See the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/ARMSuperpages" target="_top">ARM
Superpages status</a> page for further details. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=254918">[r254918]</a></p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="proc"></a>2.2.3. Hardware Support</h4></div></div></div><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="mm"></a>2.2.3.1. Multimedia Support</h5></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Support for version 2.0 of the USB
Audio reference design has been added. New devices should
support higher bandwidth, increased sampling frequency and
wider dynamic range. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=240609">[r240609]</a></p></div><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-if"></a>2.2.3.2. Network Interface Support</h5></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The firmware for the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mxge&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">mxge</span>(4)</span></a>
driver has been to 1.4.55. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=236212">[r236212]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=re&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">re</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been overhauled to fix a
number of issues. This driver now has Wake On LAN (WOL)
support. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been overhauled to fix a
number of outstanding issues. It also now works on all
architectures. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wpi&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">wpi</span>(4)</span></a> driver has
been updated to include a number of stability fixes. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cxgbe&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cxgbe</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been
updated to support 40G/10G Ethernet NICs based on Chelsio's
Terminator 5 (T5) ASIC. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=248925">[r248925]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The iw_cxgbe driver has been
added. This is an experimental iWARP/RDMA driver (kernel
verbs only) for Chelsio's T4 and T5 based cards. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=256694">[r256694]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The Open Fabrics Enterprise
Distribution (OFED) and OFED Infiniband core has been
updated to the same version as supplied by Linux version
3.7 <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255932">[r255932]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The Mellanox Infiniband driver has
been updated to firmware version 2.30.3200 for ConnectX3
NICs. Support has been added for ConnectX3 VPI NICs, where
each port can be used as Infiniband 56 GB/s or Ethernet 40
GB/s. Support has been added for dynamically loading kernel
modules for Infiniband core (ibcore) and IP over Infiniband
(ipoib). <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255932">[r255932]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> has been added.
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> is a framework for high-performance
direct-to-hardware packet IO, offering low latency and high
PPS rates to userland applications while bypassing any
kernel-side packet processing. With <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=netmap&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">netmap</span>(4)</span></a> it is
trivially possible to fully saturate a 10 Gbps network
interface with minimal packet sizes. For more information,
see: <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/" target="_top">Netmap
Project</a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=227614">[r227614]</a></p></div></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="net-proto"></a>2.2.4. Network Protocols</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> has been rewritten to make
addresses more sane from the viewpoint of routing daemons such
as quagga/zebra. It also brings support for a single redundant
address on the subnet (carpdev), switching state with
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a>, better locking and using modern kernel
interfaces to allocate multicast memberships. Configuration
of the CARP protocol via <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ifconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ifconfig</span>(8)</span></a> has changed, as well
as the format of CARP events submitted to <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=devd&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">devd</span>(8)</span></a>. See
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> for more information. The arpbalance feature of
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=carp&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">carp</span>(4)</span></a> is currently not supported anymore. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=228571">[r228571]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pf&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pf</span>(4)</span></a> firewall now supports
fine-grain locking and better utilization on multi-CPU
machines, resulting in significant improvements in
performance. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=240233">[r240233]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Support for up to 65536 routing tables
has been introduced. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=250700">[r250700]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Support for setting/matching
differentiated services codepoints (DSCP) in IP header has
been added to <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ipfw&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ipfw</span>(8)</span></a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=248552">[r248552]</a></p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="disks"></a>2.2.5. Disks and Storage</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=aac&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">aac</span>(4)</span></a> driver now supports volumes
larger than 2TB in size. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=hptrr&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">hptrr</span>(4)</span></a> driver has been updated to
version 1.2 from Highpoint. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvme&amp;sektion=4"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvme</span>(4)</span></a> has been added and provides
NVM Express support. NVM Express is an optimized register
interface, command set and feature set of PCI Express
(PCIe)-based Solid-State Drives (SSDs). For more information,
see <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://www.nvmexpress.org/" target="_top">nvmexpress.org</a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=240616">[r240616]</a></p></div><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs"></a>2.2.6. File Systems</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">A new kernel-based iSCSI target and
initiator has been added. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255570">[r255570]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">UFS filesystems can now be enlarged with
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=growfs&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">growfs</span>(8)</span></a> while mounted read-write. This is especially
useful for virtual machines, allowing the addition of more
harddrive space without interruption of service. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=243246">[r243246]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">A state of the art FUSE implementation
is now part of the base system. It allows the use of nearly
all fusefs file systems. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=241519">[r241519]</a></p><div class="sect4"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="fs-zfs"></a>2.2.6.1. ZFS</h5></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> now supports installing
ZFS on the root file system. It includes a single
configuration menu that allows you to select all of the
required details, including which drives to use, what ZFS
RAID level to use (taking into consideration the selected
number of drives), GPT or MBR, GELI encryption, forcing 4K
sectors, pool name, etc. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=256361">[r256361]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Support for L2ARC compression has been
added to ZFS. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=252140">[r252140]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The zio nop-write improvement from
Illumos was imported into FreeBSD. To reduce I/O, nop-write
skips overwriting data if the (cryptographically secure)
checksum of new data matches the checksum of existing data.
It also saves space if snapshots are in use. This
improvement only works on datasets with enabled compression,
disabled deduplication and sha256 checksums. ZFS will now
compare the checksums of incoming writes to the checksum of
the existing on-disk data and avoid issuing any write I/O
for data that has not changed. This will reduce I/O as well
as space usage because if the old block is referenced by
a snapshot, both copies of the block are kept even though
both contain the same data. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=243524">[r243524]</a></p></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="userland"></a>2.3. Userland Changes</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">On platforms where <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> is the default
system compiler (such as i386, amd64, arm), GCC and GNU libstdc++ are no
longer built by default. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and libc++ from LLVM are used on
these platforms by instead. GCC 4.2.1 and libstdc++ are still built
and used by default on pc98 and all other platforms where <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a>
is not the default system compiler. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255321">[r255321]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=clang&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">clang</span>(1)</span></a> and llvm have been updated to
version 3.3 release. Please refer to <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://llvm.org/releases/3.3/tools/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.html" target="_top">
Clang 3.3 Release Notes</a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=251662">[r251662]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">BIND</span> has been
removed from the base system. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=unbound&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">unbound</span>(8)</span></a>, which is
maintained by NLnet Labs, has been imported to support local DNS
resolution functionality with DNSSEC. Note that it is not a
replacement of <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">BIND</span> and the latest
versions of <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">BIND</span> is still available
in the Ports Collection.
With this change, nslookup and dig are no longer a part of the
base system. Users should instead use <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=host&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">host</span>(1)</span></a> and
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=drill&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">drill</span>(1)</span></a> Alternatively, nslookup and dig can be obtained by
installing <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">dns/bind-tools</code> port. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255949">[r255949]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">sysinstall has been removed from the base
system. Auxiliary libraries and tools used by sysinstall such
as libdisk, libftpio, and sade have also been removed.
sysinstall has been replaced by <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdinstall&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdinstall</span>(8)</span></a> and
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bsdconfig&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bsdconfig</span>(8)</span></a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=225937">[r225937]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-version&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-version</span>(1)</span></a> has been added.
This tool makes a best effort to determine the version and patch
level of the installed kernel and userland. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=256106">[r256106]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">GNU patch has been removed from the base
system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=patch&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">patch</span>(1)</span></a>
program. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=255191">[r255191]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">GNU sort has been removed from the base
system, and replaced by a BSD-licensed <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sort&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sort</span>(1)</span></a>
program. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=241511">[r241511]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Berkeley yacc (byacc) has been imported
from <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://invisible-island.net/byacc/" target="_top">invisible
island</a>. This brings bison compatibilities to
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a> while preserving full backwards compatibility with
previous version of <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=yacc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">yacc</span>(1)</span></a>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=235723">[r235723]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lex&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lex</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced by flex
2.5.37. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=250881">[r250881]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=make&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">make</span>(1)</span></a> has been replaced with the
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">Portable</span>&#8221;</span> BSD make tool (bmake) from
NetBSD. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=250699">[r250699]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Support for usernames up to 32
characters. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=243023">[r243023]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=adduser&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">adduser</span>(8)</span></a> utility now supports
a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-M</code> option to set the mode of a new user's
home directory. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">BSD-licensed versions of <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ar</span>(1)</span></a> and <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ranlib&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ranlib</span>(1)</span></a>,
based on <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, have replaced the GNU Binutils
versions of these utilities. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">BSD-licensed versions of <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">bc</span>(1)</span></a> and <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">dc</span>(1)</span></a> have
replaced their GNU counterparts. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chflags&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chflags</span>(1)</span></a> now supports
a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-v</code> flag for verbose output and
a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-f</code> flag to ignore errors with the same
semantics as (for example) <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=chmod&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">chmod</span>(1)</span></a>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">For compatibility with other implementations, <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cp&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cp</span>(1)</span></a> now
supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-a</code> flag, which is equivalent to
specifying the <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-RrP</code> flags. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">BSD-licensed version of <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cpio&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cpio</span>(1)</span></a> based on
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=libarchive&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">libarchive</span>(3)</span></a>, has replaced the GNU cpio. Note that the
GNU cpio is still installed as
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">gcpio</code>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=env&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">env</span>(1)</span></a> program now supports <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-u
<em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code> which will completely
unset the given variable <em xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> by
removing it from the environment, instead of just setting it to
a null value. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fdopendir&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fdopendir</span>(3)</span></a> library function has been
added. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(3)</span></a> library now supports HTTP
1.1 If-Modified-Since behavior. The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fetch&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">fetch</span>(1)</span></a> program now
supports <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-i <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code>
which will only download the specified HTTP URL if the content
is newer than <em xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">find</span>(1)</span></a> has been enhanced by the addition of a number
of primaries that were present in GNU find but not FreeBSD
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">find</span>(1)</span></a>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kgdb&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">kgdb</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a new <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="command">add-kld</code>
command to make it easier to debug crash dumps with kernel
modules. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ls</span>(1)</span></a> program now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-D</code>
option to specify a date format string to be used with the long
format (<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-l</code>) output. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nc</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-O</code> switch to
disable the use of TCP options. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nc&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nc</span>(1)</span></a>'s <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-o</code> switch has been deprecated.
It will be removed in a future release. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping6&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ping6</span>(8)</span></a> utility now returns <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="literal">2</code>
when the packet transmission was successful but no responses
were received (this is the same behavior as <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ping&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">ping</span>(8)</span></a>).
It returned a non-zero value before this change. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=realpath&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">realpath</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports
a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-q</code> flag to suppress warnings; it now also
accepts multiple paths on its command line. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">sh</span>(1)</span></a> has many bug fixes, some new features, and will
now refuse to parse some invalid scripts. Additionally, it now
has filename completion and defaults to the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">emacs</span>&#8221;</span>
editing mode. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=split&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">split</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-n</code>
flag to split a file into a certain number of chunks. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-Z</code>
flag to enable <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">compress</span>(1)</span></a>-style
compression/decompression. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">--numeric-owner</code> flag to ignore user/group names
on create and extract. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports the
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-S</code> flag to sparsify files on extraction. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tar</span>(1)</span></a> utility now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-s</code>
flag to substitute filenames based on the specified regular
expression. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tcgetsid&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tcgetsid</span>(3)</span></a> library function has been added to
return the process group ID for the session leader for the
controlling terminal. It is defined in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
(POSIX). </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=top&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">top</span>(1)</span></a> now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-P</code> flag to
provide per-CPU usage statistics. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> is now working properly on 64-bit
architectures. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute</span>(8)</span></a> now has the ability to print the AS
number for each hop with the new <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-a</code> switch; a
new <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-A</code> option allows selecting a particular
WHOIS server. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute6&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">traceroute6</span>(8)</span></a> now supports a <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="option">-U</code> flag
to send probe packets with no upper-layer protocol, rather than
the usual UDP probe packets. </p><div class="sect3"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="rc-scripts"></a>2.3.1. <code class="filename">/etc/rc.d</code> Scripts</h4></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">rc.d/sendmail</code> now
generates and uses an SSL certificate by default when
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="literal">sendmail_enable="YES"</code>. This will allow
remote MTA to use STARTTLS to encrypt incoming email. The
certification is signed with a key that is thrown away and is
not a substitute for generating your own properly if you need
to use STARTTLS authentication. Options to control the
certificate generation is documented in
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">rc.d/sendmail</code>. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=256773">[r256773]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The followoing <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> scripts have been added: </p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> Script</th><th>Function</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="filename">ctld</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">iSCSI target daemon startup
script </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">iscsictl</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">iSCSI initiator management utility
startup script </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">iscsid</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">iSCSI initiatior daemon startup
script </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">kfd</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Kerberos ticket forwarding daemon
startup script </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">local_unbound</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Unbound startup script for the local
caching resolver </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">postrandom</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Generates a new entropy file at system
boot </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swap</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Replaces <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">swap1</code>;
enable swap at system boot </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swaplate</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Enables swap with <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">late</span>&#8221;</span>
set at system boot </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">utx</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">User accounting database startup and
shutdown script </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The following <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> scripts have been removed: </p><div class="informaltable"><table border="0"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><a class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rc</span>(8)</span></a> Script</th><th><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Reason </p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="filename">encswap</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Replaced by <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">swap</code> and
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">swaplate</code> </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">named</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Removed with
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">BIND</span> </p></td></tr><tr><td><code class="filename">swap1</code></td><td><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Replaced by <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">swap</code> and
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">swaplate</code> </p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="contrib"></a>2.4. Contributed Software</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=jemalloc&amp;sektion=3"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">jemalloc</span>(3)</span></a> has been updated to
3.4.0. See <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="link" href="http://www.facebook.com/jemalloc/" target="_top">this
link</a> for more details. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=251300">[r251300]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">AMD</span> has been
updated from 6.0.10 to 6.1.5. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">awk</span> has been updated
to the 20121220 release. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">CVS</span> has been
removed from the base system, but is still available from Ports
Collection. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=251794">[r251794]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Subversion has been imported into the base
system and is installed as <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">svnlite</span>.
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">svnlite</span> should only be used for
checking out the FreeBSD source trees and committing, and does not
replace the full Subversion port. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=251886">[r251886]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">file</span> has been
updated to 5.11. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=234449">[r234449]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">hostapd</span> has
been updated from 0.5.8 to 0.5.10. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=252726">[r252726]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">IPFilter</span> has been updated to
5.1.2. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">less</span> has been
updated to v458. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=250592">[r250592]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">ncurses</span> has been updated to
5.7-20081102. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">OpenSSH</span> has been
updated to 6.4. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">OpenPAM</span> has
been updated to the Micrampelis release. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=236109">[r236109]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">sendmail</span> has been
updated from 8.14.1 to 8.14.7. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The timezone database has been updated from
the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">tzdata2008h</span> release to
the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">tzdata2009m</span> release. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The stdtime part of libc, <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zdump&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zdump</span>(8)</span></a> and <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zic&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">zic</span>(8)</span></a> have
been updated from the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">tzcode2004a</span>
release to the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">tzcode2009h</span> release.
If you have upgraded from source or via the
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>, then please run <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tzsetup&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">tzsetup</span>(8)</span></a> to
install a new <code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/etc/localtime</code>. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">WPA Supplicant</span>
has been updated to 2.0. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=252726">[r252726]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">xz</span> has been updated
from snapshot as of 12 April 2010 to 5.0.0. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> has been updated
to 2.1.2. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=258231">[r258231]</a></p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional"><a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=nvi&amp;sektion=1"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">nvi</span>(1)</span></a> supports wide-character
locales. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=254225">[r254225]</a></p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="ports"></a>2.5. Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The pkg_add, pkg_create, pkg_delete,
pkg_info, pkg_updating, and pkg_version utilities have been
removed. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> must now be used to install binary
packages. <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg&amp;sektion=7"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">pkg</span>(7)</span></a> is the next generation FreeBSD package
manager, also referred to as <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="quote">&#8220;<span class="quote">pkgng</span>&#8221;</span>. If upgrading
from a previous FreeBSD release, be sure to run
<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">pkg2ng</span> to convert the old package
database to the new format. <a href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&amp;revision=257444">[r257444]</a></p></div><div class="sect2"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title"><a id="releng"></a>2.6. Release Engineering and Integration</h3></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">The supported version of
the <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="application">GNOME</span> desktop environment
(<span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="package">x11/gnome2</span>) has been
updated from 2.20.1 to 2.22. </p></div></div><div class="sect1"><div xmlns="" class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="upgrade"></a>3. Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSD</h2></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">[amd64,i386] Beginning with FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE, binary
upgrades between RELEASE versions (and snapshots of the various
security branches) are supported using the <a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a>
utility. The binary upgrade procedure will update unmodified
userland utilities, as well as unmodified GENERIC or SMP kernels
distributed as a part of an official FreeBSD release. The
<a xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="citerefentry" href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=freebsd-update&amp;sektion=8"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">freebsd-update</span>(8)</span></a> utility requires that the host being
upgraded have Internet connectivity. </p><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the FreeBSD
base system from source code) from previous versions are
supported, according to the instructions in
<code xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="filename">/usr/src/UPDATING</code>. </p><div xmlns="" class="important"><h3 class="admontitle">Important: </h3><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional">Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after
backing up <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="emphasis"><em>all</em></span> data and configuration
files. </p></div></div></div><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/transitional" align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents,
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