9b8d8d670e
- break listitem tags to their own line (down from term tags) - add an empty line between term and listitem tags - add an empty line between consecutive varlistentry tags This change is purely cosmetical to conform to our block element formatting guidelines layed out in the FDP primer. It also silences igor(8) in the standard invocation. Translators can ignore. Obtained from: igor(8) output
775 lines
25 KiB
XML
775 lines
25 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
|
|
<!--
|
|
$FreeBSD$
|
|
-->
|
|
<preface xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
|
|
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0"
|
|
xml:id="book-preface">
|
|
<title>Preface</title>
|
|
|
|
<bridgehead xml:id="preface-audience" renderas="sect1">Intended
|
|
Audience</bridgehead>
|
|
|
|
<para>The &os; newcomer will find that the first section of this
|
|
book guides the user through the &os; installation process and
|
|
gently introduces the concepts and conventions that underpin
|
|
&unix;. Working through this section requires little more than
|
|
the desire to explore, and the ability to take on board new
|
|
concepts as they are introduced.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Once you have traveled this far, the second, far larger,
|
|
section of the Handbook is a comprehensive reference to all manner
|
|
of topics of interest to &os; system administrators. Some of
|
|
these chapters may recommend that you do some prior reading, and
|
|
this is noted in the synopsis at the beginning of each
|
|
chapter.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>For a list of additional sources of information, please see
|
|
<xref linkend="bibliography"/>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<bridgehead xml:id="preface-changes-from3" renderas="sect1">Changes
|
|
from the Third Edition</bridgehead>
|
|
|
|
<para>The current online version of the Handbook represents the
|
|
cumulative effort of many hundreds of contributors over the past
|
|
10 years. The following are some of the significant changes since
|
|
the two volume third edition was published in 2004:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="dtrace"/> has been added with information
|
|
about the powerful &dtrace; performance analysis tool.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="filesystems"/> has been added with
|
|
information about non-native file systems in &os;, such as ZFS
|
|
from &sun;.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="audit"/> has been added to cover the new
|
|
auditing capabilities in &os; and explain its use.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="virtualization"/> has been added with
|
|
information about installing &os; on virtualization
|
|
software.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="bsdinstall"/> has been added to cover
|
|
installation of &os; using the new installation utility,
|
|
<application>bsdinstall</application>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<bridgehead xml:id="preface-changes-from2" renderas="sect1">Changes
|
|
from the Second Edition (2004)</bridgehead>
|
|
|
|
<para>The third edition was the culmination of over two years of
|
|
work by the dedicated members of the &os; Documentation
|
|
Project. The printed edition grew to such a size that it was
|
|
necessary to publish as two separate volumes. The following are
|
|
the major changes in this new edition:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="config-tuning"/> has been expanded with new
|
|
information about the ACPI power and resource management, the
|
|
<command>cron</command> system utility, and more kernel tuning
|
|
options.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="security"/> has been expanded with new
|
|
information about virtual private networks (VPNs), file system
|
|
access control lists (ACLs), and security advisories.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="mac"/> is a new chapter with this edition.
|
|
It explains what MAC is and how this mechanism can be used to
|
|
secure a &os; system.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="disks"/> has been expanded with new
|
|
information about USB storage devices, file system snapshots,
|
|
file system quotas, file and network backed filesystems, and
|
|
encrypted disk partitions.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A troubleshooting section has been added to <xref
|
|
linkend="ppp-and-slip"/>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="mail"/> has been expanded with new
|
|
information about using alternative transport agents, SMTP
|
|
authentication, UUCP, <application>fetchmail</application>,
|
|
<application>procmail</application>, and other advanced
|
|
topics.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="network-servers"/> is all new with this
|
|
edition. This chapter includes information about setting up
|
|
the <application>Apache HTTP Server</application>,
|
|
<application>ftpd</application>, and setting up a server for
|
|
µsoft; &windows; clients with
|
|
<application>Samba</application>. Some sections from <xref
|
|
linkend="advanced-networking"/> were moved here to improve
|
|
the presentation.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="advanced-networking"/> has been expanded
|
|
with new information about using &bluetooth; devices with
|
|
&os;, setting up wireless networks, and Asynchronous Transfer
|
|
Mode (ATM) networking.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A glossary has been added to provide a central location
|
|
for the definitions of technical terms used throughout the
|
|
book.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A number of aesthetic improvements have been made to the
|
|
tables and figures throughout the book.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<bridgehead xml:id="preface-changes" renderas="sect1">Changes from
|
|
the First Edition (2001)</bridgehead>
|
|
|
|
<para>The second edition was the culmination of over two years of
|
|
work by the dedicated members of the &os; Documentation Project.
|
|
The following were the major changes in this edition:</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Talk a little about justification and other stylesheet changes? -->
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A complete Index has been added.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>All ASCII figures have been replaced by graphical
|
|
diagrams.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A standard synopsis has been added to each chapter to
|
|
give a quick summary of what information the chapter
|
|
contains, and what the reader is expected to know.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The content has been logically reorganized into three
|
|
parts: <quote>Getting Started</quote>, <quote>System
|
|
Administration</quote>, and
|
|
<quote>Appendices</quote>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="install"/> was completely rewritten with
|
|
many screenshots to make it much easier for new users to
|
|
grasp the text.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="basics"/> has been expanded to contain
|
|
additional information about processes, daemons, and
|
|
signals.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="ports"/> has been expanded to contain
|
|
additional information about binary package
|
|
management.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="x11"/> has been completely rewritten with
|
|
an emphasis on using modern desktop technologies such as
|
|
<application>KDE</application> and
|
|
<application>GNOME</application> on &xfree86; 4.X.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="boot"/> has been expanded.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="disks"/> has been written from what used
|
|
to be two separate chapters on <quote>Disks</quote> and
|
|
<quote>Backups</quote>. We feel that the topics are easier
|
|
to comprehend when presented as a single chapter. A section
|
|
on RAID (both hardware and software) has also been
|
|
added.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="serialcomms"/> has been completely
|
|
reorganized and updated for &os; 4.X/5.X.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="ppp-and-slip"/> has been substantially
|
|
updated.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Many new sections have been added to <xref
|
|
linkend="advanced-networking"/>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="mail"/> has been expanded to include more
|
|
information about configuring
|
|
<application>sendmail</application>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="linuxemu"/> has been expanded to include
|
|
information about installing
|
|
<application>&oracle;</application> and
|
|
<application>&sap.r3;</application>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The following new topics are covered in this second
|
|
edition:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="config-tuning"/>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><xref linkend="multimedia"/>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<bridgehead xml:id="preface-overview"
|
|
renderas="sect1">Organization of This Book</bridgehead>
|
|
|
|
<para>This book is split into five logically distinct sections.
|
|
The first section, <emphasis>Getting Started</emphasis>, covers
|
|
the installation and basic usage of &os;. It is expected that
|
|
the reader will follow these chapters in sequence, possibly
|
|
skipping chapters covering familiar topics. The second section,
|
|
<emphasis>Common Tasks</emphasis>, covers some frequently used
|
|
features of &os;. This section, and all subsequent sections,
|
|
can be read out of order. Each chapter begins with a succinct
|
|
synopsis that describes what the chapter covers and what the
|
|
reader is expected to already know. This is meant to allow the
|
|
casual reader to skip around to find chapters of interest. The
|
|
third section, <emphasis>System Administration</emphasis>, covers
|
|
administration topics. The fourth section, <emphasis>Network
|
|
Communication</emphasis>, covers networking and server topics.
|
|
The fifth section contains appendices of reference
|
|
information.</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Part I - Introduction -->
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="introduction"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Introduces &os; to a new user. It describes the
|
|
history of the &os; Project, its goals and development
|
|
model.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="bsdinstall"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Walks a user through the entire installation process of
|
|
&os; 9.<replaceable>x</replaceable> and later using
|
|
<application>bsdinstall</application>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="install"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Walks a user through the entire installation process of
|
|
&os; 8.<replaceable>x</replaceable> and earlier using
|
|
<application>sysinstall</application>. Some advanced
|
|
installation topics, such as installing through a serial
|
|
console, are also covered.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="basics"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Covers the basic commands and functionality of the
|
|
&os; operating system. If you are familiar with &linux;
|
|
or another flavor of &unix; then you can probably skip this
|
|
chapter.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="ports"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Covers the installation of third-party software with
|
|
both &os;'s innovative <quote>Ports Collection</quote> and
|
|
standard binary packages.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="x11"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes the X Window System in general and using X11
|
|
on &os; in particular. Also describes common desktop
|
|
environments such as <application>KDE</application> and
|
|
<application>GNOME</application>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Part II Common Tasks -->
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="desktop"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Lists some common desktop applications, such as web
|
|
browsers and productivity suites, and describes how to
|
|
install them on &os;.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="multimedia"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Shows how to set up sound and video playback support
|
|
for your system. Also describes some sample audio and video
|
|
applications.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="kernelconfig"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Explains why you might need to configure a new kernel
|
|
and provides detailed instructions for configuring,
|
|
building, and installing a custom kernel.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="printing"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes managing printers on &os;, including
|
|
information about banner pages, printer accounting, and
|
|
initial setup.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="linuxemu"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes the &linux; compatibility features of &os;.
|
|
Also provides detailed installation instructions for many
|
|
popular &linux; applications such as
|
|
<application>&oracle;</application> and
|
|
<application>&mathematica;</application>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Part III - System Administration -->
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref
|
|
linkend="config-tuning"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes the parameters available for system
|
|
administrators to tune a &os; system for optimum
|
|
performance. Also describes the various configuration files
|
|
used in &os; and where to find them.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="boot"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes the &os; boot process and explains how to
|
|
control this process with configuration options.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="security"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes many different tools available to help keep
|
|
your &os; system secure, including Kerberos, IPsec and
|
|
OpenSSH.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="jails"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes the jails framework, and the improvements of
|
|
jails over the traditional chroot support of &os;.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="mac"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Explains what Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is and
|
|
how this mechanism can be used to secure a &os;
|
|
system.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="audit"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes what &os; Event Auditing is, how it can be
|
|
installed, configured, and how audit trails can be inspected
|
|
or monitored.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="disks"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes how to manage storage media and filesystems
|
|
with &os;. This includes physical disks, RAID arrays,
|
|
optical and tape media, memory-backed disks, and network
|
|
filesystems.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="geom"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes what the GEOM framework in &os; is and how
|
|
to configure various supported RAID levels.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="filesystems"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Examines support of non-native file systems in &os;,
|
|
like the Z File System from &sun;.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref
|
|
linkend="virtualization"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes what virtualization systems offer, and how
|
|
they can be used with &os;.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="l10n"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes how to use &os; in languages other than
|
|
English. Covers both system and application level
|
|
localization.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref
|
|
linkend="updating-upgrading"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Explains the differences between &os;-STABLE,
|
|
&os;-CURRENT, and &os; releases. Describes which users
|
|
would benefit from tracking a development system and
|
|
outlines that process. Covers the methods users may take
|
|
to update their system to the latest security
|
|
release.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="dtrace"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes how to configure and use the &dtrace; tool
|
|
from &sun; in &os;. Dynamic tracing can help locate
|
|
performance issues, by performing real time system
|
|
analysis.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Part IV - Network Communications -->
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="serialcomms"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Explains how to connect terminals and modems to your
|
|
&os; system for both dial in and dial out
|
|
connections.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="ppp-and-slip"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes how to use PPP to connect to remote systems
|
|
with &os;.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="mail"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Explains the different components of an email server
|
|
and dives into simple configuration topics for the most
|
|
popular mail server software:
|
|
<application>sendmail</application>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref
|
|
linkend="network-servers"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Provides detailed instructions and example configuration
|
|
files to set up your &os; machine as a network filesystem
|
|
server, domain name server, network information system
|
|
server, or time synchronization server.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="firewalls"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Explains the philosophy behind software-based firewalls
|
|
and provides detailed information about the configuration
|
|
of the different firewalls available for &os;.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref
|
|
linkend="advanced-networking"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes many networking topics, including sharing an
|
|
Internet connection with other computers on your LAN,
|
|
advanced routing topics, wireless networking, &bluetooth;,
|
|
ATM, IPv6, and much more.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Part V - Appendices -->
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="mirrors"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Lists different sources for obtaining &os; media on
|
|
CDROM or DVD as well as different sites on the Internet
|
|
that allow you to download and install &os;.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="bibliography"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>This book touches on many different subjects that may
|
|
leave you hungry for a more detailed explanation. The
|
|
bibliography lists many excellent books that are referenced
|
|
in the text.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="eresources"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Describes the many forums available for &os; users to
|
|
post questions and engage in technical conversations about
|
|
&os;.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis><xref linkend="pgpkeys"/></emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Lists the PGP fingerprints of several &os;
|
|
Developers.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<bridgehead xml:id="preface-conv" renderas="sect1">Conventions used
|
|
in this book</bridgehead>
|
|
|
|
<para>To provide a consistent and easy to read text, several
|
|
conventions are followed throughout the book.</para>
|
|
|
|
<bridgehead xml:id="preface-conv-typographic"
|
|
renderas="sect2">Typographic Conventions</bridgehead>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis>Italic</emphasis></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>An <emphasis>italic</emphasis> font is used for
|
|
filenames, URLs, emphasized text, and the first usage of
|
|
technical terms.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>Monospace</literal></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A <literal>monospaced</literal> font is used for error
|
|
messages, commands, environment variables, names of ports,
|
|
hostnames, user names, group names, device names, variables,
|
|
and code fragments.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><application>Bold</application></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>A <application>bold</application> font is used for
|
|
applications, commands, and keys.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Var list -->
|
|
<bridgehead xml:id="preface-conv-commands" renderas="sect2">User
|
|
Input</bridgehead>
|
|
|
|
<para>Keys are shown in <keycap>bold</keycap> to stand out from
|
|
other text. Key combinations that are meant to be typed
|
|
simultaneously are shown with `<literal>+</literal>' between
|
|
the keys, such as:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<keycombo action="simul">
|
|
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
|
|
<keycap>Alt</keycap>
|
|
<keycap>Del</keycap></keycombo></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Meaning the user should type the <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>,
|
|
<keycap>Alt</keycap>, and <keycap>Del</keycap> keys at the same
|
|
time.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Keys that are meant to be typed in sequence will be separated
|
|
with commas, for example:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<keycombo action="simul">
|
|
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
|
|
<keycap>X</keycap>
|
|
</keycombo>,
|
|
<keycombo action="simul">
|
|
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
|
|
<keycap>S</keycap></keycombo></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Would mean that the user is expected to type the
|
|
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and <keycap>X</keycap> keys simultaneously
|
|
and then to type the <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and <keycap>S</keycap>
|
|
keys simultaneously.</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- How to type in key stokes, etc.. -->
|
|
<bridgehead xml:id="preface-conv-examples"
|
|
renderas="sect2">Examples</bridgehead>
|
|
|
|
<para>Examples starting with <filename>C:\></filename>
|
|
indicate a &ms-dos; command. Unless otherwise noted, these
|
|
commands may be executed from a <quote>Command Prompt</quote>
|
|
window in a modern µsoft.windows;
|
|
environment.</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><prompt>E:\></prompt> <userinput>tools\fdimage floppies\kern.flp A:</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Examples starting with &prompt.root; indicate a command that
|
|
must be invoked as the superuser in &os;. You can login as
|
|
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to type the
|
|
command, or login as your normal account and use &man.su.1; to
|
|
gain superuser privileges.</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Examples starting with &prompt.user; indicate a command that
|
|
should be invoked from a normal user account. Unless otherwise
|
|
noted, C-shell syntax is used for setting environment variables
|
|
and other shell commands.</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>top</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<bridgehead xml:id="preface-acknowledgements"
|
|
renderas="sect1">Acknowledgments</bridgehead>
|
|
|
|
<para>The book you are holding represents the efforts of many
|
|
hundreds of people around the world. Whether they sent in fixes
|
|
for typos, or submitted complete chapters, all the contributions
|
|
have been useful.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Several companies have supported the development of this
|
|
document by paying authors to work on it full-time, paying for
|
|
publication, etc. In particular, BSDi (subsequently acquired by
|
|
<link xlink:href="http://www.windriver.com">Wind River
|
|
Systems</link>) paid members of the &os; Documentation Project
|
|
to work on improving this book full time leading up to the
|
|
publication of the first printed edition in March 2000 (ISBN
|
|
1-57176-241-8). Wind River Systems then paid several additional
|
|
authors to make a number of improvements to the print-output
|
|
infrastructure and to add additional chapters to the text. This
|
|
work culminated in the publication of the second printed edition
|
|
in November 2001 (ISBN 1-57176-303-1). In 2003-2004, <link
|
|
xlink:href="http://www.freebsdmall.com">&os; Mall, Inc</link>,
|
|
paid several contributors to improve the Handbook in preparation
|
|
for the third printed edition.</para>
|
|
|
|
</preface>
|