1084 lines
46 KiB
Text
1084 lines
46 KiB
Text
<!--
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The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project
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$FreeBSD$
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$FreeBSDru: frdp/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/articles/new-users/article.sgml,v 1.4 2004/07/16 15:18:37 den Exp $
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Original revision: 1.38
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE ARTICLE PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V4.1-Based Extension//EN" [
|
||
<!ENTITY % man PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Manual Page Entities//EN">
|
||
%man;
|
||
<!ENTITY % mailing-lists PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Mailing List Entities//RU">
|
||
%mailing-lists;
|
||
<!ENTITY % freebsd PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Miscellaneous FreeBSD Entities//EN">
|
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%freebsd;
|
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<!ENTITY % trademarks PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Trademark Entities//RU">
|
||
%trademarks;
|
||
]>
|
||
|
||
<article lang="ru">
|
||
<articleinfo>
|
||
<title>ðÏÓÏÂÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÉÞËÏ× ×Ï FreeBSD É &unix;</title>
|
||
|
||
<authorgroup>
|
||
<author>
|
||
<firstname>Annelise</firstname>
|
||
|
||
<surname>Anderson</surname>
|
||
|
||
<affiliation>
|
||
<address><email>andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu</email></address>
|
||
</affiliation>
|
||
</author>
|
||
</authorgroup>
|
||
|
||
<pubdate>15 Á×ÇÕÓÔÁ 1997</pubdate>
|
||
|
||
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
|
||
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
|
||
&tm-attrib.ibm;
|
||
&tm-attrib.microsoft;
|
||
&tm-attrib.netscape;
|
||
&tm-attrib.opengroup;
|
||
&tm-attrib.general;
|
||
</legalnotice>
|
||
|
||
<abstract>
|
||
<para>ðÏÚÄÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍ ×ÁÓ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ FreeBSD! üÔÏ ××ÏÄÎÏÅ ÐÏÓÏÂÉÅ
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÉÞËÏÍ × ÍÉÒÅ FreeBSD
|
||
<emphasis>É</emphasis> &unix;—ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÏÎÏ ÎÁÞΣÔÓÑ Ó ÏÓÎÏ×.
|
||
ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× FreeBSD ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 2.0.5
|
||
ÉÌÉ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÚÄÎÅÊ, ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÍÙÊ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÅÊ BSDi ÉÌÉ
|
||
FreeBSD.org, É × ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (ÎÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ) ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ (ÜÔÏ ×Ù)—É ×Ù ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÏÒÉÅÎÔÉÒÕÅÔÅÓØ × DOS/&windows;
|
||
ÉÌÉ &os2;.</para>
|
||
</abstract>
|
||
</articleinfo>
|
||
|
||
<sect1>
|
||
<title>òÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ É ×ÙÈÏÄ ÉÚ ÎÅ£</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÕÊÔÅÓØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ (ËÏÇÄÁ Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<prompt >login:</prompt>) ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÌÉ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÉÌÉ ×ÏÊÄÉÔÅ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ
|
||
<firstterm>root</firstterm>. (÷ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÕÖÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÕÞ£ÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ root; root ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔØ ÈÏÔØ ËÕÄÁ
|
||
É ÄÅÌÁÔØ ×Ó£, ÞÔÏ ÕÇÏÄÎÏ, × ÔÏÍ ÞÉÓÌÅ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÂÕÄØÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÙ!) ïÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ &prompt.user; É
|
||
&prompt.root; × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÔÅËÓÔÅ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (×ÁÛÅ
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ ÏÔ ÎÅÇÏ), ÐÒÉÞ£Í &prompt.user; ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÏÂÙÞÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, Á &prompt.root; ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ root.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÊÔÉ ÉÚ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (É ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<prompt >login:</prompt>) ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ. äÁ, ÎÁÖÉÍÁÊÔÅ <keysym>enter</keysym>
|
||
ÐÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, É ÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ &unix; ÞÕ×ÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌÅÎ Ë ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÕ
|
||
ÂÕË×—ÎÁÂÉÒÁÊÔÅ <command>exit</command>, ÎÏ ÎÅ
|
||
<command>EXIT</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/shutdown -h now</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>éÌÉ, ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/shutdown -r now</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>ÉÌÉ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/reboot</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ
|
||
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>Alt</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>Delete</keycap></keycombo>. ðÏÄÏÖÄÉÔÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
|
||
ÄÁÔØ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÏÔÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ. ÷ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ FreeBSD ÏÎÁ
|
||
ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÁ ×ÙÄÁÞÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>/sbin/reboot</command> É ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ,
|
||
ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅ ËÎÏÐËÉ ÓÂÒÏÓÁ. ÷Ù ×ÅÄØ ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×Ó£
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÎÏ×Ï, ÎÅ ÔÁË ÌÉ?</para>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1>
|
||
<title>äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ Ó ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÍÉ root</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×Ù ÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÌÉ ÎÉ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, É
|
||
ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÛÌÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË root, ÔÏ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ adduser ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
|
||
×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÏÊ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ &man.csh.1;, Á ÎÅ &man.sh.1;, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ÁÍ
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ <command>sh</command>. ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÖÉÍÁÊÔÅ
|
||
enter ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÎÑÔÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏ×. üÔÉ
|
||
ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc/adduser.conf</filename>, × ÆÏÒÍÅ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÓÏÚÄÁÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <username>jack</username> Ó
|
||
ÐÏÌÎÙÍ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ <emphasis>Jack Benimble</emphasis>. îÁÚÎÁÞØÔÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ
|
||
jack ÐÁÒÏÌØ, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ (ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ
|
||
ÜÔÏ ÄÅÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÔÕÞÁÔØ ÐÏ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÅ). ëÏÇÄÁ ×ÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÄÁÎ
|
||
×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÐÏ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÀ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ jack × ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ
|
||
<groupname>wheel</groupname></para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>Login group is ``jack''. Invite jack into other groups: <userinput>wheel</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ
|
||
<username>jack</username> É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ &man.su.1; ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ root. ôÏÇÄÁ ×ÁÓ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÏÂ×ÉÎÑÔØ ×
|
||
ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×Ù ×ÈÏÄÉÔÅ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ root.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÅËÒÁÔÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó <command>adduser</command> × ÌÀÂÏÊ
|
||
ÍÏÍÅÎÔ, ÎÁÖÁ× <keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>C</keycap></keycombo>, Á × ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÉ ××ÏÄÁ Õ ×ÁÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÛÁÎÓ
|
||
ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÄÉÔØ ÚÁ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÌÉ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ <keycap>n</keycap>
|
||
× ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÏÔÒÉÃÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ. ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÈÏÔÅÔØÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ
|
||
ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (jill?), ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
|
||
ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ jack ÉÍÅÌÓÑ ÇÏÒÑÞÉÊ ÒÅÚÅÒ× ÎÁ ÔÏÔ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ,
|
||
ÅÓÌÉ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÐÏÊÄ£Ô ÎÅ ÔÁË.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ, ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<command>exit</command> ÄÌÑ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÁ Ë ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÀ ËÏ ×ÈÏÄÕ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ É
|
||
ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÕÊÔÅÓØ × ÎÅÊ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <username>jack</username>.
|
||
÷ÏÏÂÝÅ ÇÏ×ÏÒÑ, ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÕÀ ÍÁÓÓÕ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÑ ËÁË
|
||
ÏÂÙÞÎÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÏÝØ É ÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
|
||
root.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕÖÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ É ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ ÍÏÇ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>su</command> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ root, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
|
||
×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË root É ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/etc/group</filename>, ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ jack × ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ (× ÇÒÕÐÐÕ <groupname>wheel</groupname>). ïÄÎÁËÏ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ×ÁÍ
|
||
ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÕÐÒÁÖÎÑÔØÓÑ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ &man.vi.1;, ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÍ
|
||
ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÏÍ,—ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ, &man.ee.1;,
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÍÙÊ × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<command>rmuser</command>.</para>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1>
|
||
<title>ðÒÏÓÍÏÔÒ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ÏÊÄÑ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ, ÏÇÌÑÎÉÔÅÓØ ×ÏËÒÕÇ É
|
||
ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÄÁÀÝÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁÍ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ É ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ FreeBSD.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ÏÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ É ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÄÅÌÁÀÔ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>id</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>çÏ×ÏÒÉÔ ×ÁÍ, ËÔÏ ×Ù!</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>pwd</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ðÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÇÄÅ ×Ù ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÅÓØ—ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÉÊ
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>ls</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷ÙÄÁ£Ô ÓÐÉÓÏË ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÈÓÑ × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>ls <option>-F</option></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷ÙÄÁ£Ô ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÈÓÑ × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ,
|
||
ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ <literal>*</literal> ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×,
|
||
<literal>/</literal> ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× É <literal>@</literal> ÐÏÓÌÅ
|
||
ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÓÓÙÌÏË.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>ls <option>-l</option></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷ÙÄÁ£Ô ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÏÍ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ—ÒÁÚÍÅÒ, ÄÁÔÁ
|
||
É ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>ls <option>-a</option></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷ÍÅÓÔÅ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ×ÙÄÁ£Ô É ÓÐÉÓÏË ÓËÒÙÔÙÈ
|
||
<quote>dot</quote>-ÆÁÊÌÏ× (ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ Ó ÔÏÞËÉ). åÓÌÉ ×Ù
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÅÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ root, ÔÏ <quote>dot</quote>-ÆÁÊÌÙ ×ÙÄÁÀÔÓÑ
|
||
É ÂÅÚ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÆÌÁÇÁ <option>-a</option>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>cd</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>óÍÅÎÁ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×. <command>cd
|
||
<parameter>..</parameter></command> ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ
|
||
×ÙÛÅ; ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔÏË ÐÏÓÌÅ <command>cd</command>.
|
||
<command>cd <parameter>/usr/local</parameter></command> ÐÅÒÅÊÄ£Ô ×
|
||
ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ. <command>cd <parameter>~</parameter></command>
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÊÄ£Ô × ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÞÅÌÏ×ÅËÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÏÛ£Ì ×
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ—Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, <filename>/usr/home/jack</filename>.
|
||
ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>cd
|
||
<parameter>/cdrom</parameter></command>, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ
|
||
<command>ls</command> ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÛ CDROM ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎ
|
||
É ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>view
|
||
<replaceable>filename</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ðÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÆÁÊÌ (Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ
|
||
<replaceable>filename</replaceable>) ÂÅÚ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ × ÎÅÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ.
|
||
ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>view
|
||
<parameter>/etc/fstab</parameter></command>. äÌÑ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÎÕÖÎÏ
|
||
ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ <command>:q</command>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>cat
|
||
<replaceable>filename</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷ÙÄÁ£Ô ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ <replaceable>filename</replaceable> ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎ.
|
||
ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÊ É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÅÇÏ ËÏÎÅÃ,
|
||
ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <keycap>ScrollLock</keycap> É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ
|
||
<keycap>ÓÔÒÅÌËÁ ××ÅÒÈ</keycap> ÄÌÑ Ä×ÉÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÚÁÄ; ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
|
||
ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <keycap>ScrollLock</keycap> É ÓÏ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍÉ
|
||
ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ. îÁÖÍÉÔÅ <keycap>ScrollLock</keycap> ÓÎÏ×Á ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÐÒÏËÒÕÔËÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÈÏÔÅÔØÓÑ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
|
||
<command>cat</command> Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÉÚ dot-ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ×ÁÛÅÍ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÍ
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ—<command>cat
|
||
<parameter>.cshrc</parameter></command>, <command>cat
|
||
<parameter>.login</parameter></command>, <command>cat
|
||
<parameter>.profile</parameter></command>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>.cshrc</filename> ×Ù ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔÅ ÁÌÉÁÓÙ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
|
||
ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄ <command>ls</command> (ÏÎÉ ÏÞÅÎØ ÕÄÏÂÎÙ). ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ
|
||
ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÁÌÉÁÓÙ, ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×Á× ÆÁÊÌ <filename>.cshrc</filename>. ÷Ù
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÉ ÁÌÉÁÓÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ×ÓÅÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉ×
|
||
ÉÈ × ÏÂÝÅÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÌÑ <command>csh</command>,
|
||
<filename>/etc/csh.cshrc</filename>.</para>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1>
|
||
<title>ðÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ É ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ÏÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÈ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏ× ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ. úÄÅÓØ
|
||
<replaceable>Text</replaceable> ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÐÏ ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ×ÙÂÏÒÕ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
×Ù ××ÏÄÉÔÅ—ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÉÌÉ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>apropos <replaceable>text</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷Ó£, ÞÔÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÓÔÒÏËÕ <replaceable>text</replaceable> ×
|
||
<database>ÂÁÚÅ whatis</database>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>man <replaceable>text</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>óÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÏ <replaceable>text</replaceable>. üÔÏ
|
||
ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÊ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉË ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ × &unix;-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.
|
||
<command>man <parameter>ls</parameter></command> ÐÏËÁÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ×ÓÅ
|
||
ÓÐÏÓÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>ls</command>. îÁÖÉÍÁÊÔÅ
|
||
<keycap>Enter</keycap> ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ×ÉÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÔÅËÓÔÕ,
|
||
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>B</keycap></keycombo> ÄÌÑ
|
||
×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÁ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÎÁÚÁÄ,
|
||
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>F</keycap></keycombo> ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÐÒÏÄ×ÉÖÅÎÉÑ ×ÐÅÒ£Ä, <keycap>q</keycap> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>C</keycap></keycombo> ÄÌÑ
|
||
×ÙÈÏÄÁ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>which <replaceable>text</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ðÏËÁÖÅÔ, × ËÁËÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ ÉÚ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <replaceable>text</replaceable>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>locate <replaceable>text</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷ÓÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÙ, ÇÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÓÔÒÏÞËÁ
|
||
<replaceable>text</replaceable>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>whatis <replaceable>text</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ïÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <replaceable>text</replaceable>
|
||
É Å£ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ. ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>whatis *</command>
|
||
ÒÁÓÓËÁÖÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÏÂÏ ×ÓÅÈ Ä×ÏÉÞÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>whereis <replaceable>text</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>éÝÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ <replaceable>text</replaceable> É ×ÙÄÁ£Ô ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÐÕÔØ
|
||
ÄÏ ÎÅÇÏ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÅÔØ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
|
||
<command>whatis</command> Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ ÔÉÐÁ
|
||
<command>cat</command>, <command>more</command>, <command>grep</command>,
|
||
<command>mv</command>, <command>find</command>,
|
||
<command>tar</command>, <command>chmod</command>,
|
||
<command>chown</command>, <command>date</command>, É
|
||
<command>script</command>. ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>more</command> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ
|
||
×ÁÍ ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÐÏÓÔÒÁÎÉÞÎÏ, ËÁË É × DOS, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <command>ls -l |
|
||
more</command> ÉÌÉ <command>more
|
||
<replaceable>filename</replaceable></command>. úÎÁË
|
||
<literal>*</literal> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ÏÂÝÉÊ ÛÁÂÌÏΗÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
|
||
<command>ls w*</command> ×ÙÄÁÓÔ ÐÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ Ó ÂÕË×Ù
|
||
<literal>w</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÎÅ ÏÞÅÎØ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ? ïÂÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
|
||
&man.locate.1; É &man.whatis.1; ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÔ ÏÔ ÂÁÚÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÅÖÅÎÅÄÅÌØÎÏ. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÎÁ ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ
|
||
ÎÁ ×ÙÈÏÄÎÙÅ (É ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÐÏÄ FreeBSD), ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ
|
||
ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÒÁÚ × ÄÅÎØ, ÎÅÄÅÌÀ, ÍÅÓÑÃ. úÁÐÕÓËÁÊÔÅ ÉÈ
|
||
ËÁË root É ÄÁÊÔÅ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÏÔÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ
|
||
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>periodic daily</userinput>
|
||
<lineannotation>×ÙÄÁÞÁ ÏÐÕÝÅÎÁ</lineannotation>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>periodic weekly</userinput>
|
||
<lineannotation>×ÙÄÁÞÁ ÏÐÕÝÅÎÁ</lineannotation>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>periodic monthly</userinput>
|
||
<lineannotation>×ÙÄÁÞÁ ÏÐÕÝÅÎÁ</lineannotation></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÁÄÏÅÌÏ ÖÄÁÔØ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
|
||
<keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo> ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÁ
|
||
× ÄÒÕÇÕÀ <firstterm>×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÕÀ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ</firstterm>, É ×ÏÊÄÉÔÅ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
|
||
ÓÎÏ×Á. ÷ ËÏÎÃÅ ËÏÎÃÏ×, ÜÔÏ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÁÑ É ÍÎÏÇÏÚÁÄÁÞÎÁÑ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ. ôÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ ÜÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ
|
||
×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÁÍ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎ; ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ
|
||
<command>clear</command> × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ ÄÌÑ ÏÞÉÓÔËÉ ÜËÒÁÎÁ. ðÏËÁ ÏÎÉ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ × ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
|
||
<filename>/var/mail/root</filename> É
|
||
<filename>/var/log/messages</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÔÁËÉÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ—É ËÁË ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ &unix;-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×Ù
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÅÓØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÍ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ. ðÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×Ó£, ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÞÅÇÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ root, ÜÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÅ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.
|
||
üÔÉ ÏÂÑÚÁÎÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÄÁÖÅ × ÔÅÈ ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ
|
||
ÔÏÌÓÔÙÈ ËÎÉÇÁÈ ÐÏ &unix;, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÏÔÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÀ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÍÅÎÀ × ÏËÏÎÎÙÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁÈ. ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ Ä×ÕÈ
|
||
ÌÕÞÛÉÈ ËÎÉÇ ÐÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÍÕ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ, ÌÉÂÏ Á×ÔÏÒÁ ü×É îÅÍÅÔ
|
||
<citetitle>UNIX System Administration
|
||
Handbook</citetitle> (Prentice-Hall, 1995, ISBN
|
||
0-13-15051-7)—×ÔÏÒÏÅ ÉÚÄÁÎÉÅ Ó ËÒÁÓÎÏÊ ÏÂÌÏÖËÏÊ; ÉÌÉ
|
||
Á×ÔÏÒÁ Æleen Frisch <citetitle>Essential System
|
||
Administration</citetitle> (O'Reilly & Associates, 1993,
|
||
ISBN 0-937175-80-3). ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀ ËÎÉÇÕ îÅÍÅÔ.</para>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1>
|
||
<title>òÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÅËÓÔÁ</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÅ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÙ. âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc</filename>; É ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<command>su</command> ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÏÌÎÏÍÏÞÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ root, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÈ
|
||
ÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ <command>ee</command>,
|
||
ÏÄÎÁËÏ × ÓÍÙÓÌÅ ÐÅÒÓÐÅËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÉÚÕÞÉÔØ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ
|
||
<command>vi</command>. ÷ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
|
||
<filename>/usr/src/contrib/nvi/docs/tutorial</filename> ÅÓÔØ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÙÊ
|
||
ÕÞÅÂÎÉË ÐÏ vi, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÕÖÅ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ; × ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
|
||
ÅÇÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ FTP <hostid>ftp.cdrom.com</hostid> × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
|
||
FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src/contrib/nvi/docs/tutorial.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ, ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ
|
||
ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÎÕÀ ËÏÐÉÀ. ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<command>cd /etc</command> ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÁ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/etc</filename> É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp rc.conf rc.conf.orig</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>rc.conf</filename> ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ×
|
||
<filename>rc.conf.orig</filename>, É × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
<filename>rc.conf.orig</filename> × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>rc.conf</filename> ÄÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌÁ. îÏ ÅÝ£ ÌÕÞÛÅ
|
||
ÅÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔØ (ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÔØ), ÐÏÓÌÅ ÞÅÇÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mv rc.conf rc.conf.orig</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>cp rc.conf.orig rc.conf</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>mv</command> ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÕÀ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÄÁÔÅ É ×ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ. ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
<filename>rc.conf</filename>. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÅ
|
||
ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ, ÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ <userinput>mv rc.conf rc.conf.myedit</userinput>
|
||
(ÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ), Á
|
||
ÚÁÔÅÍ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mv rc.conf.orig rc.conf</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>ÄÌÑ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÁ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÍÅÓÔÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>vi <replaceable>filename</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅÄ×ÉÇÁÊÔÅÓØ ÐÏ ÔÅËÓÔÕ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ ÓÏ ÓÔÒÅÌËÁÍÉ.
|
||
<keycap>Esc</keycap> (ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁ ÏÔÍÅÎÙ) ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÉÔ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ
|
||
<command>vi</command> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ. ÷ÏÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>x</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ËÕÒÓÏÒ</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>dd</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÃÅÌÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ (ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔÓÑ ×
|
||
ÃÅÌÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>i</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>×ÓÔÁ×ËÁ ÔÅËÓÔÁ × ÐÏÚÉÃÉÉ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>a</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>×ÓÔÁ×ËÁ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÒÁÚÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ <command>i</command> ÉÌÉ <command>a</command> ×Ù
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ××ÏÄÉÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ. <command>Esc</command> ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÉÔ ×ÁÓ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ×
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ, ÇÄÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>:w</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ×ÁÛÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË É ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>:wq</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ É ×ÙÈÏÄÁ</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>:q!</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÄÌÑ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ÂÅÚ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>/<replaceable>text</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ ÎÁ <replaceable>text</replaceable>;
|
||
<command>/<keycap>Enter</keycap></command> (ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁ ××ÏÄÁ) ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÜËÚÅÍÐÌÑÒÁ
|
||
<replaceable>text</replaceable>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>G</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÁ × ËÏÎÅÃ ÆÁÊÌÁ</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command><replaceable>n</replaceable>G</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÁ Ë ÓÔÒÏËÅ <replaceable>n</replaceable> × ÆÁÊÌÅ,
|
||
ÇÄÅ <replaceable>n</replaceable> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÉÓÌÏÍ</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>L</keycap></keycombo></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÒÉÓÏ×ËÉ ÜËÒÁÎÁ</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>b</keycap></keycombo> É
|
||
<keycombo><keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>f</keycap></keycombo></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÏÔËÉ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎ ÎÁÚÁÄ É ×ÐÅÒ£Ä, ËÁË ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó
|
||
<command>more</command> É <command>view</command>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÕÐÒÁÖÎÑÊÔÅÓØ Ó ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÏÍ <command>vi</command> × Ó×Ï£Í ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÍ
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ, ÓÏÚÄÁ× ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <command>vi
|
||
<replaceable>filename</replaceable></command>, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÑ É ÕÄÁÌÑÑ ÔÅËÓÔ,
|
||
ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÑ ÆÁÊÌ É ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÑ ÅÇÏ ÓÎÏ×Á. òÅÄÁËÔÏÒ <command>vi</command>
|
||
ÐÒÅÐÏÄÎÏÓÉÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÀÒÐÒÉÚÙ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ
|
||
ÓÌÏÖÎÙÊ, É ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔ
|
||
ÎÅÞÔÏ, ÞÅÇÏ ×Ù ÎÅ ÏÖÉÄÁÌÉ. (îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÌÀÄÑÍ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ
|
||
<command>vi</command>—ÏÎ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÍÏÝÎÙÊ, ÞÅÍ EDIT ÉÚ
|
||
DOS—ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>:r</command>.) äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
|
||
ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÅÓØ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ÎÁÖÉÍÁÊÔÅ
|
||
<keycap>Esc</keycap> ÏÄÉÎ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ, É ÎÁÞÉÎÁÊÔÅ ÓÎÏ×Á Ó ÜÔÏÇÏ
|
||
ÍÅÓÔÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÏÚÎÉËÌÉ ËÁËÉÅ-ÔÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ÞÁÓÔÏ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÊÔÅ ÔÅËÓÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<command>:w</command> É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <command>:q!</command> ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÅËÒÁÔÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ É ÎÁÞÁÔØ ×Ó£ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ (Ó ×ÁÛÅÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
|
||
<command>:w</command>), ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ <command>cd</command> × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/etc</filename>, <command>su</command> × ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ root,
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <command>vi</command> ÄÌÑ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ
|
||
<filename>/etc/group</filename> É ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ÇÒÕÐÐÕ wheel,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ ÉÍÅÌ ÐÏÌÎÏÍÏÞÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ root. ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÚÁÐÑÔÕÀ É
|
||
ÉÍÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ × ËÏÎÃÅ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
|
||
<keycap>Esc</keycap> É ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ <command>:wq</command> ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË É ×ÙÈÏÄÁ. òÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ. (÷Ù ÎÅ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÅÌ ÐÏÓÌÅ
|
||
ÚÁÐÑÔÏÊ, ×ÅÄØ ÔÁË?)</para>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1>
|
||
<title>ðÅÞÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÉÚ DOS</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒ Õ ×ÁÓ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ
|
||
×ÏÔ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÉÚ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ, ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ Å£ ÎÁ
|
||
ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÅÞÁÔØ ÉÚ DOS. ðÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ Ï ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÉ ÐÒÁ× ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÙ (×ÅÓØÍÁ ×ÁÖÎÏ). ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
|
||
×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>man chmod</command> ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
|
||
ÐÒÏÞÅÓÔØ Ï ÜÔÏÍ. ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>man chmod | col -b > chmod.txt</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>ÕÄÁÌÉÔ ËÏÄÙ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÉÔ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>chmod.txt</filename>, ÎÅ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÑ Å£ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎ. ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ
|
||
ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ dos-ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ × ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÄ a, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
|
||
<command>su</command>, ÐÅÒÅÊÄÑ Ë ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ root, É ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>ÄÌÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/mnt</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ (É ×ÁÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ root, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
|
||
ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ <command>exit</command> ÄÌÑ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÁ Ë ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ jack) ×Ù
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, ÇÄÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÌÉ <filename>chmod.txt</filename> É
|
||
ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>cp chmod.txt /mnt</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>É ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>ls /mnt</command> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <filename>/mnt</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ
|
||
ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>chmod.txt</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÅÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ÉÚ
|
||
<filename>/sbin/dmesg</filename>, ÎÁÂÒÁ×</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>/sbin/dmesg > dmesg.txt</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>É ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×Á× <filename>dmesg.txt</filename> ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ.
|
||
<command>/sbin/dmesg</command> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÐÏÎÉÍÁÔØ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ × Î£Í ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×Ó£, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÁ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ FreeBSD. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ×
|
||
ÓÐÉÓËÅ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ &a.questions; ÉÌÉ × ËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÉ USENET—ÎÁÐÏÄÏÂÉÅ
|
||
<quote>FreeBSD ÎÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÏÅÇÏ ÌÅÎÔÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÎÁËÏÐÉÔÅÌÑ, ÞÔÏ ÍÎÅ
|
||
ÄÅÌÁÔØ?</quote>—ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÀÝÉÅ ÚÁÈÏÔÑÔ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×ÙÄÁ£Ô
|
||
<command>dmesg</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ (ËÁË root) ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÇÉÂËÉÊ ÄÉÓË, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÅÇÏ
|
||
×ÙÎÕÔØ, ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/sbin/umount /mnt</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ × DOS. óËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ DOS,
|
||
×ÙÚÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÈ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ DOS EDIT, &windows; Notepad ÉÌÉ
|
||
Wordpad, ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ Ó ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÍ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÏÍ, ×ÎÅÓÉÔÅ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÏÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÌÓÑ, É ÎÁÐÅÞÁÔÁÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÉÚ DOS ÉÌÉ
|
||
Windows. îÁÄÅÅÍÓÑ, ÜÔÏ ÓÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ! ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ
|
||
×ÙÇÌÑÄÑÔ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ DOS <command>print</command>. (ëÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÉÚ FreeBSD ÎÁ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ×Ó£
|
||
ÅÝ£ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÒÉÓËÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑ.)</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÁ ÎÁ ÐÅÞÁÔØ ÉÚ FreeBSD ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ × ÓÅÂÑ
|
||
ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc/printcap</filename> É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÕÖÎÏÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ ×
|
||
<filename>/var/spool/output</filename>. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎ Ë
|
||
<hardware>lpt0</hardware> (ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ × DOS ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
|
||
<hardware>LPT1</hardware>), ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/var/spool/output</filename> É (ËÁË root) ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>lpd</filename>, ÎÁÂÒÁ×: <command>mkdir lpd</command>, ÅÓÌÉ Å£
|
||
ÅÝ£ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ. ôÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÒÅÁÇÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÏÎ ×ËÌÀÞ£Î, Á ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>lp</command> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<command>lpr</command> ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒ. âÕÄÅÔ ÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÁÐÅÞÁÔÁÎ, ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÅÇÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ, ËÁËÏ×ÁÑ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÁ ×
|
||
<ulink URL="../../books/handbook/index.html">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å
|
||
FreeBSD.</ulink></para>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1>
|
||
<title>äÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>df</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>×ÙÄÁ£Ô ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ï ÚÁÎÑÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Å É ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>ps aux</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ. <command>ps ax</command>
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔÏÕÐÏÔÒÅÂÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÏÊ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>rm <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔ <replaceable>filename</replaceable>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>rm -R <replaceable>dir</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <replaceable>dir</replaceable> É ×ÓÅ ÅÇÏ
|
||
ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ—ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÏ!</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>ls -R</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>×ÙÄÁ£Ô ÓÐÉÓÏË ÆÁÊÌÏ× × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ É ×ÓÅÈ ÅÇÏ
|
||
ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÈ; Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ, <command>ls -AFR >
|
||
where.txt</command>, ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÞÎÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ×
|
||
<filename>/</filename> É (ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ) <filename>/usr</filename> ÄÏ
|
||
ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÕÚÎÁÌ Ï ÂÏÌÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÅ ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>passwd</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÏÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ (ÉÌÉ root)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>man hier</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÁÑ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÐÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ &unix;</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <command>find</command> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÉÓËÁ
|
||
<filename>filename</filename> × <filename>/usr</filename> ÉÌÉ × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ
|
||
Å£ ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>find /usr -name "<replaceable>filename</replaceable>"</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <literal>*</literal> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÛÁÂÌÏÎÁ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ
|
||
<parameter>"<replaceable>filename</replaceable>"</parameter>
|
||
(ÜÔÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ × ËÁ×ÙÞËÁÈ). åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕËÁÖÅÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ
|
||
<command>find</command> ÎÁ ÐÏÉÓË × <filename>/</filename>, Á ÎÅ ×
|
||
<filename>/usr</filename>, ÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ(Ù) ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ
|
||
ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ CDROM É ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÅËÒÁÓÎÙÍ ÐÏÓÏÂÉÅÍ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÉÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ É ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ &unix;, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ËÎÉÇÁ Abrahams & Larson, <citetitle>Unix for the
|
||
Impatient</citetitle> (2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1996). íÁÓÓÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
|
||
ÐÏ &unix; ÅÓÔØ É × Internet. ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÚÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ <ulink
|
||
URL="http://www.geek-girl.com/unix.html">Unix Reference
|
||
Desk</ulink>.</para>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1>
|
||
<title>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÛÁÇÉ</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÐÏÄ
|
||
ÒÕËÏÊ É ÕÍÅÅÔÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓÕÍÅÔØ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ
|
||
×Ó£, ÞÔÏ ÕÇÏÄÎÏ. íÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å ÐÏ
|
||
FreeBSD (ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÅÓÔØ ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ Ö£ÓÔËÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ) É <ulink
|
||
URL="../../../../index.html">Web-ÓÁÊÔÅ FreeBSD</ulink>. îÁ CDROM, Á
|
||
ÔÁËÖÅ Web-ÓÁÊÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÐÁËÁÄÖÉ É ÐÏÒÔÙ. ÷ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å
|
||
ÒÁÓÓËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ (ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
|
||
ÐÁËÁÄÖ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ, ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>pkg_add
|
||
/cdrom/packages/All/<replaceable>packagename</replaceable></command>,
|
||
ÇÄÅ <replaceable>packagename</replaceable> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÆÁÊÌÁ Ó
|
||
ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÍ). îÁ CDROM ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÞÎÉ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ É ÐÏÒÔÏ× Ó ÉÈ ËÒÁÔËÉÍÉ
|
||
ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑÍÉ × ÆÁÊÌÁÈ <filename>cdrom/packages/index</filename>,
|
||
<filename>cdrom/packages/index.txt</filename> É
|
||
<filename>cdrom/ports/index</filename>, Á ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÙÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÍÏÖÎÏ
|
||
ÎÁÊÔÉ × <filename>/cdrom/ports/*/*/pkg/DESCR</filename>, ÇÄÅ ÚÎÁËÉ
|
||
<literal>*</literal> ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ ÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ
|
||
É ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÊ ËÎÉÇÏÊ
|
||
(ÞÔÏ Ó <command>lndir</command> É ×Ó£) ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ× Ó CDROM, ×ÏÔ
|
||
ÒÅÃÅÐÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÓÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÁÊÄÉÔÅ ÎÕÖÎÙÊ ×ÁÍ ÐÏÒÔ, ÓËÁÖÅÍ, <command>kermit</command>. îÁ CDROM
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÎÅÇÏ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ. óËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ×
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/usr/local</filename> (ÈÏÒÏÛÅÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ×Ù ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÅ, É ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ ×ÓÅÍ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ) ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cp -R /cdrom/ports/comm/kermit /usr/local</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/usr/local/kermit</filename>, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ ×ÓÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ×
|
||
ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <command>kermit</command> ÎÁ CDROM.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>,
|
||
ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÅÝ£ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ, ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>mkdir</command>.
|
||
ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ <filename>/cdrom/ports/distfiles</filename>
|
||
ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÍÅÔ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ, ÇÏ×ÏÒÑÝÅÍ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÔÏÔ ÐÏÒÔ,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÍÅÔØ. óËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>; × ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ÛÁÇ, É FreeBSD ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔ ÅÇÏ ÚÁ ×ÁÓ. ÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ Ó
|
||
<command>kermit</command>, ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <command>cd</command> ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/usr/local/kermit</filename>, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÅÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>Makefile</filename>. îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make all install</userinput></screen>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÓÑ Ë FTP ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÁÒÈÉ×ÎÙÈ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÎÕÖÎÙÈ ÅÍÕ É ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÏ ÎÁ CDROM ÉÌÉ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
|
||
<filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>. åÓÌÉ ÓÅÔØ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÝ£ ÎÅ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, É ÆÁÊÌÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÒÔÁ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
|
||
<filename>/cdrom/ports/distfiles</filename> ÎÅÔ, ×ÁÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
|
||
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ É ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename> ÞÅÒÅÚ ÄÉÓËÅÔÕ ÉÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
|
||
DOS. ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <filename>Makefile</filename> (ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ
|
||
<command>cat</command>, <command>more</command> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<command>view</command>), ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÎÑÔØ, ËÕÄÁ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ (ÎÁ
|
||
ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÁÊÔ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ) ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ É ËÁËÏÇÏ ÅÇÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ.
|
||
åÇÏ ÉÍÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÅËÁÔØÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÓÇÒÕÚËÅ × DOS, Á ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓ£ÔÅ ÅÇÏ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>, ×Ù
|
||
ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÅÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÔØ (ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <command>mv</command>) × ÅÇÏ
|
||
ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÅ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ ÍÏÇ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ. (éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ Ä×ÏÉÞÎÙÊ
|
||
ÔÉÐ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×!) úÁÔÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/usr/local/kermit</filename>, ÎÁÊÄÉÔÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ Ó
|
||
<filename>Makefile</filename> É ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ <command>make all
|
||
install</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÝ£ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÏÊ, ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÊ,
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÈ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔØ × ËÁËÏÊ-ÔÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ. åÓÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
|
||
ÞÅÇÏ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ×ÙÄÁÞÅÊ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ <errorname>can't find
|
||
unzip</errorname> ÉÌÉ ÅÍÕ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÇÏ, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
|
||
ÐÁËÁÄÖÁ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ unzip, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
|
||
<command>rehash</command> ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ FreeBSD ÐÅÒÅÞÉÔÁÔØ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÅÓÑ × ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁÈ ÐÏÉÓËÁ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÁ ÉÈ
|
||
ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅ. (åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ ÍÁÓÓÕ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ <errorname>path not
|
||
found</errorname> ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <command>whereis</command> ÉÌÉ
|
||
which, ÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ Ë ÐÅÒÅÞÎÀ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ× ×
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>.cshrc</filename>,
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÅÍÓÑ Á ×ÁÛÅÍ ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ. úÁÄÁÎÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ × &unix; ÎÅÓ£Ô
|
||
ÔÕ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÕÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ, ÞÔÏ É × DOS, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÔÅËÕÝÉÍ
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏÍ (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ) ÐÏ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÍ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ; ÅÓÌÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ, ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ
|
||
ÎÁÂÉÒÁÔØ <filename>./</filename> ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÁ
|
||
ÚÁÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÁ; ÐÒÏÂÅÌÏ× ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÌÜÛÁ ÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ.)</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÁÍÕÀ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ &netscape; Ó
|
||
ÉÈ <ulink URL="ftp://ftp.netscape.com/">FTP-ÓÁÊÔÁ</ulink>. (&netscape;
|
||
ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ X Window System.) îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ É ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÄÌÑ
|
||
FreeBSD, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ×ÏËÒÕÇ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÅÊ. ðÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>gunzip <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command> É
|
||
<command>tar xvf <replaceable>filename</replaceable></command> Ó
|
||
ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÍ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ, ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÉÔÅ ÅÇÏ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> ÉÌÉ ËÕÄÁ-ÔÏ ÅÝ£, ÇÄÅ ÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ
|
||
ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>rehash</command>, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ
|
||
ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÆÁÊÌÙ <filename>.cshrc</filename> × ÄÏÍÁÛÎÉÈ
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÈ ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÌÉ (ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÝÅ) × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/etc/csh.cshrc</filename>, ÏÂÝÅÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
|
||
<command>csh</command>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<informalexample>
|
||
<programlisting>setenv XKEYSYMDB /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XKeysymDB
|
||
setenv XNLSPATH /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/nls</programlisting>
|
||
</informalexample>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>XKeysymDB</filename> É
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>nls</filename> ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×
|
||
<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11</filename>; ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË, ÎÁÊÄÉÔÅ ÉÈ É
|
||
ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÀÄÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÉÚÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ &netscape; × ×ÉÄÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ CDROM
|
||
(ÉÌÉ FTP), ÎÅ ÚÁÍÅÎÑÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/usr/local/bin/netscape</filename>
|
||
ÎÏ×ÙÍ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÍ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ netscape; ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÓËÒÉÐÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÓ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ. ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ
|
||
ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÕÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÂÉÎÁÒÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ×
|
||
<filename>netscape.bin</filename> É ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ Ä×ÏÉÞÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, Á
|
||
ÉÍÅÎÎÏ <filename>/usr/local/netscape/netscape</filename>.</para>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1>
|
||
<title>÷ÁÛÅ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÅ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ÁÛ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÏÊ ×ÁÖÎÏÊ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÇÏ
|
||
ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ. ÷ DOS ÏÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÏÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ command.com. ïÂÏÌÏÞËÁ
|
||
ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÃÉÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ××ÏÄÉÔÅ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ,
|
||
É ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ó ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÊ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
|
||
÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÉÓÁÔØ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÈÏÖÉ ÎÁ
|
||
.bat-ÆÁÊÌÙ DOS: ÜÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ
|
||
ÂÅÚ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÕÞÁÓÔÉÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó FreeBSD ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ Ä×Á ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ:
|
||
<command>csh</command> É <command>sh</command>.
|
||
<command>csh</command> ÈÏÒÏÛ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ
|
||
ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÉÓÁÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÑÚÙËÅ ÏÂÏÌÏÞÅË <command>sh</command> (ÉÌÉ
|
||
<command>bash</command>). ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ, ËÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ
|
||
Õ ×ÁÓ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ, ÎÁÂÒÁ× <command>echo $SHELL</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ïÂÏÌÏÞËÁ <command>csh</command> ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÁÑ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ
|
||
<command>tcsh</command> ÍÏÖÅÔ ×Ó£, ÞÔÏ ÕÍÅÅÔ <command>csh</command> É
|
||
ÅÝ£ ÂÏÌØÛÅ. ïÎÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÛÌÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁÍÉ
|
||
ÓÏ ÓÔÒÅÌËÁÍÉ É ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ. ÷ Î£Í ÅÓÔØ Á×ÔÏÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÅ ÉͣΠÆÁÊÌÏ×
|
||
ÐÏ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÀ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ ÔÁÂÕÌÑÃÉÉ (× <command>csh</command> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁ <keycap>Esc</keycap>) É ÏÎ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ,
|
||
× ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ×Ù ÂÙÌÉ ÒÁÎÅÅ, ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <command>cd -</command>. ôÁËÖÅ
|
||
× <command>tcsh</command> ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÌÅÇÞÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÅ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ.
|
||
üÔÏ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÕÐÒÏÝÁÅÔ ÖÉÚÎØ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ÏÔ ÔÒÉ ÛÁÇÁ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<procedure>
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ËÁË ÐÏÒÔ ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÁÄÖ, ËÁË ×Ù ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
|
||
ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÅ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÐÏÒÔÏÍ ÉÌÉ ÐÁËÁÄÖÅÍ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
|
||
<command>rehash</command> É <command>which tcsh</command>
|
||
(ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÅ <command>tcsh</command>) ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ.</para>
|
||
</step>
|
||
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>òÁÂÏÔÁÑ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ root, ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/etc/shells</filename>, ÄÏÂÁ×É× × ÎÅÇÏ ÓÔÒÏËÕ Ó ÎÏ×ÏÊ
|
||
ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÏÊ, × ÎÁÛÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÜÔÏ
|
||
<filename>/usr/local/bin/tcsh</filename>, É ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ.
|
||
(îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÚÁ ×ÁÓ.)</para>
|
||
</step>
|
||
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>÷ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>chsh</command> ÄÌÑ ÓÍÅÎÙ
|
||
ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ×ÁÍÉ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ ÎÁ <command>tcsh</command>, ÌÉÂÏ
|
||
ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ <command>tcsh</command> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÄÌÑ ÓÍÅÎÙ
|
||
×ÁÛÅÊ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ ÂÅÚ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏÇÏ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
|
||
</step>
|
||
</procedure>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>íÅÎÑÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ root ÎÁ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ,
|
||
ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÝÅÅÓÑ ÏÔ <command>sh</command> ÉÌÉ <command>csh</command>,
|
||
× ÒÁÎÎÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ FreeBSD É ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ &unix; ÏÐÁÓÎÏ; ×Ù
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÌÉÛÉÔØÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×
|
||
ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ. òÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
<command>su -m</command> ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÔÁÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ root, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÄÁÓÔ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ <command>tcsh</command>, ÎÏ ×Ù ÂÕÄÅÔÅ Ñ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ root, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ. ÷Ù
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÙÍ, ÄÏÂÁ×É× × ×ÁÛ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>.tcshrc</filename> × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÌÉÁÓÁ ÐÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>alias su su -m</programlisting>
|
||
</note>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ <command>tcsh</command> ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ
|
||
<filename>/etc/csh.cshrc</filename> É
|
||
<filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>, ËÁË É <command>csh</command>. üÔÁ
|
||
ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>.login</filename> ÉÚ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ
|
||
ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÇÏ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>.cshrc</filename>, ÅÓÌÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ
|
||
×Ù ÎÅ ÓÏÚÄÁÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>.tcshrc</filename>. üÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ
|
||
ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>.cshrc</filename> ×
|
||
<filename>.tcshrc</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ËÏÇÄÁ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ
|
||
<command>tcsh</command>, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏËÉ. ÷ÓÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÏ
|
||
<command>tcsh</command>, ÎÏ ×Ó£ ÖÅ ×ÏÔ ÓÔÒÏËÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔÓÑ × ×ÁÛ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌ <filename>.tcshrc</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄ
|
||
×Ù ÕÖÅ ÎÁÂÒÁÌÉ, ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ É × ËÁËÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ ×Ù ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÅÓØ.
|
||
ïÎÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÙÄÁ£Ô <literal>></literal>, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÅÓØ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, É <literal>#</literal>, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÅÓØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ
|
||
root, ÏÄÎÁËÏ tsch ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>set prompt = "%h %t %~ %# "</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÁ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÁ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ, ÞÔÏ É
|
||
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÁ ÅÓÔØ, ÌÉÂÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏËÉ "if($?prompt) then", ÅÓÌÉ Å£ ÎÅÔ. úÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÓÔÁÒÕÀ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏËÕ; ×Ù ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ Ë ÎÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔ£ÔŠţ.
|
||
îÅ ÚÁÂÕÄØÔÅ Ï ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁÈ É ËÁ×ÙÞËÁÈ. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÔÁÔØ
|
||
<filename>.tcshrc</filename>, ÎÁÂÒÁ×
|
||
<command>source .tcshrc</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅÞÅÎØ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
|
||
ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ, ÎÁÂÒÁ× <command>env</command> × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.
|
||
÷ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ, ËÒÏÍÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÞÅÇÏ, ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÙ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ
|
||
ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÐÏÓÔÒÁÎÉÞÎÏÊ ×ÙÄÁÞÉ É ÔÉÐ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ. ëÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ,
|
||
ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ ÐÒÉ ×ÈÏÄÅ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ É ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
|
||
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÎÅ ÏÂÌÁÄÁÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ,
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>setenv TERM vt100</command>.</para>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1>
|
||
<title>ïÓÔÁÌØÎÏÅ</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>òÁÂÏÔÁÑ ËÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ root, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÒÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÐÏ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ <command>/sbin/umount /cdrom</command>, ×ÙÔÁÝÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÉÚ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ,
|
||
×ÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÄÉÓË É ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<command>/sbin/mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0a /cdrom</command>, ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ <hardware>cd0a</hardware> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
|
||
ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÁ CDROM. óÁÍÙÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ FreeBSD ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ×ÁÍ
|
||
ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ CDROM ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ
|
||
<command>/sbin/mount /cdrom</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÖÉ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ—ÏÎÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÍ
|
||
ÄÉÓËÅ FreeBSD ÉÚ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ CDROM—ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÎÅÈ×ÁÔËÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á.
|
||
ôÏ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÜÔÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ Ë ÒÅÌÉÚÕ.
|
||
÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏÉÇÒÁÔØ × ÉÇÒÙ Ó CDROM. ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>lndir</command>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ Ó X Window
|
||
System, É ÓÌÕÖÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ, ÇÄÅ ÉÓËÁÔØ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ,
|
||
ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ <filename>/cdrom</filename>,
|
||
Á ÎÅ × <filename>/usr</filename> É Å£ ÐÏÄËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÈ, ÇÄÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ. ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÕ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ
|
||
<command>man lndir</command>.</para>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1>
|
||
<title>ðÏÖÅÌÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔÓÑ</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÜÔÏ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï, ÍÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÏ ÚÎÁÔØ, ×
|
||
ËÁËÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ ÏÎÏ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÏ ÎÅÐÏÎÑÔÎÏ É ÞÔÏ ÕÐÕÝÅÎÏ ÉÚ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ, ÐÏ ×ÁÛÅÍÕ
|
||
ÍÎÅÎÉÀ, ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÏ ÃÅÎÎÏÇÏ. íÏÉ ÂÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÎÏÓÔÉ Eugene W. Stark,
|
||
ÐÒÏÆÅÓÓÏÒÕ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÔÉËÉ × SUNY-Stony Brook, É John Fieber ÚÁ ÃÅÎÎÙÅ
|
||
ÓÏ×ÅÔÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Annelise Anderson,
|
||
<email>andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu</email></para>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
</article>
|