597 lines
25 KiB
Text
597 lines
25 KiB
Text
<!-- Copyright (c) 2002, Hiten Pandya, Victoria Chan, All rights reserved.
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1. Redistributions of source code (SGML DocBook) must retain the above
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THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
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AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
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CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED
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OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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-->
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<!--
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Written by Victoria Chan <vkchan@kendryl.net>. The original document can
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be found at: http://www.kendryl.net/jdk13-1.html.
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V4.1-Based Extension//EN" [
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<!ENTITY % man PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Manual Page Entities//EN">
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<!--
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URL Entities. These are in place, to allow wrapping long URLs to the 80th
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column.
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-->
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<!ENTITY wwwurl "http://www.FreeBSD.org">
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<!ENTITY ftpurl "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org">
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<!ENTITY sunurl "http://www.sun.com">
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<!ENTITY tomcaturl "http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat">
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<!-- The Download URL is too long! :-) -->
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<!ENTITY tomcat403 "http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat-4.0/release/v4.0.3/bin/">
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%man;
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]>
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<article>
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<!-- START of Article Metadata -->
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<articleinfo>
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<title>Java and Jakarta Tomcat on FreeBSD</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Victoria</firstname>
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<surname>Chan</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address><email>vkchan@kendryl.net</email></address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Hiten</firstname>
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<surname>Pandya</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address><email>hiten@uk.FreeBSD.org</email></address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<copyright>
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<year>2002</year>
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<holder role="mailto:vkchan@kendryl.net">Victoria Chan</holder>
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<holder role="mailto:hiten@uk.FreeBSD.org">Hiten Pandya</holder>
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</copyright>
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<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
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<abstract>
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<para>This document is presented in hopes of making it easier for anyone that
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needs to get Java up and running on FreeBSD,
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with the least amount of aggravation. Plan on spending a whole day on
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such a project as it will take time to assemble all the pieces and
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compile them individually, and then as a whole. It also shows how to
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install the famous Jakarta Tomcat Servlet and
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JSP container on the FreeBSD operating system.</para>
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</abstract>
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</articleinfo>
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<!-- END of Article Metadata-->
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<sect1>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>The Java programming language was birthed on
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<literal>May 23rd 1995</literal>. One would expect that after all this
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time, Java applications would be easy to install and ready to run from a
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single package, or port on FreeBSD, thus making it available for the
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<quote>masses</quote>. This is not the case, unfortunately, as the Java
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distribution is held very closely by Sun Microsystems, and prohibits re-distribution.
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All Java Applets must be compiled from source code, together with the Java
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Development Kit from Sun Microsystems. All these ingredients
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must be blended together in the right order, assembled, and compiled by
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the end user. With such distribution philosophies at heart, it is my
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opinion that Java will always be developer or hacker use only. I certainly
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found this to be true when I needed to serve up some
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<filename>.jsp</filename> pages for a client on my web server, and needed
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to get <filename role="package">www/jakarta-tomcat</filename> to work with
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<filename role="package">www/apache13</filename> on my FreeBSD system.</para>
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<para>The Tomcat portion of the install is very straight forward, but the
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difficulty I had was getting Java Development Kit up and running for
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FreeBSD 4.x, as Sun Microsystems only supplies Binaries for Linux,
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Solaris, and Windows NT.
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This means that I had to compile my own JDK for FreeBSD. I began by
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searching for documentation on the Internet. I quickly found that there
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is more source code than I need along with patches to the source code, but very
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little documentation of what to do after obtaining everything.</para>
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<para>In this article, you will find how to install the Java Development Kit
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for FreeBSD, and how to get up and running with Tomcat. A
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<xref linkend="ref"> section is also provided for further reading.</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1>
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<title>The Java Environment</title>
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<para>Ensure that you have the current ports collection as
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<command>make</command> it will fail if it attempts to build
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older source. You can upgrade your entire ports collection by
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using <application>CVSup</application>. See <ulink
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url="&wwwurl;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cvsup.html"></ulink>
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for more information. You can also download the ports you need manually
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from <ulink url="&ftpurl;/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/ports/"></ulink>
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to get you going.</para>
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<note>
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<para>You will need the <literal>Linux Emulation</literal> (Linux-ABI)
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enabled in your kernel configuration. Simply add the following option
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to your kernel configuration file and recompile it. Instructions for
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building a kernel can be found in the FreeBSD Handbook.</para>
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<programlisting>options COMPAT_LINUX</programlisting>
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<para>The above option will add Linux-ABI support to your kernel, when
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it is recompiled.</para>
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</note>
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<para>The list of dependencies below, are required to be installed manually
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in a certain order. Dependencies that are automatically downloaded are not
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listed here.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">java/jdk13</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">java/linux-jdk13</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">archivers/gtar</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">archivers/bzip2</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">archivers/unzip</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">archivers/zip</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>You will need to get the following:</para>
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<procedure>
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<step>
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<para>Download <filename>bsd-jdk131-patches-5.tar.gz</filename> from
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<ulink url="http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsddom/java/jdk13.html"></ulink>
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and place it under <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Next get out your web browser and head on over to
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<ulink url="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/download-linux.html"></ulink>
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and find SDK downloads. Click on the <quote>continue</quote> button
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below <quote>GNUZIP Tar Shell Script</quote>. Be sure you read every
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word of the license page before you click on the <quote>Accept</quote>
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button! You will be brought to a page titled <quote>Download Java(TM) 2
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SDK, Standard Edition 1.3.1_02</quote>. Scroll to the bottom and click on
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the <quote>HTTP download</quote> button. When the <quote>File Download</quote>
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box comes up, be sure to click on the <quote>Open</quote> button rather than the
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<quote>Save</quote> button. You will be presented with another
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<quote>File Download</quote> box - this time choose <quote>Save</quote>
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and you will be able to save j2sdk-1_3_1_02-linux-i386.bin.
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Place it in /usr/ports/distfiles.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Go to <ulink url="http://www.sun.com/software/java2/download.html"></ulink>.
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In the table under <literal>Produce Description</literal>, named
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<literal>Java 2 SDK 1.3.1</literal>, go to the right-hand cell and
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click <quote>download</quote>. You will be taken to the <quote>Sign On</quote>
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page, where you must sign in if you already have an account, or
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register for access. Once you have signed on, you will be taken to the
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<quote>Legal</quote> page, where you must accept the license agreement;
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scroll down (reading the license) and click on the <quote>Continue</quote>
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button. Next page, is the <quote>Receipt</quote> page. This is where you
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will save you order number. You will be able to choose the location
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that is nearest to you. Click on <quote>Java 2 SDK, Standard
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Edition, version 1.3.1</quote>. Save the
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<filename>j2sdk-1_3_1-src.tar.gz</filename> to the
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<filename>/usr/ports/distfiles/</filename> directory.</para>
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</step>
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</procedure>
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<note><para>It is very important for you to read the License Agreement which
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has been issued by Sun Microsystems Corp. There are several restrictions
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in place on the use of Java, which you must address. The FreeBSD Project
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does not take any responsibilities for your actions.</para>
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<para>Do not discard any of the downloaded files, as they will be needed for
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building some of the native ports for FreeBSD, which are discussed later
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on.</para>
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</note>
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<para>Now that you have assembled all the source files and ports, you need
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to start by building
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<filename role="package">java/linux-jdk13</filename>:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/archivers/gtar; make all install clean</screen>
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/archivers/unzip; make all install clean</screen>
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/archivers/zip; make all install clean</screen>
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<para>And finally:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/java/linux-jdk13</screen>
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<screen>&prompt.root; make all install clean</screen>
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<para>Once you have built
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<filename role="package">java/linux-jdk13</filename>, you need to test
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it, to make sure it works as intended. To do that:
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/linux-jdk1.3.1/bin</screen>
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<screen>&prompt.root; ./java-version</screen>
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<para>The output of the above command should be as follows:</para>
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<programlisting>java version "1.3.1_02"
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Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.3.1_02-b02)
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Classic VM (build 1.3.1_02-b02, green threads, nojit)</programlisting>
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<para>If you did not get the correct response, you need to:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/java/linux-jdk13</screen>
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<screen>&prompt.root; make deinstall</screen>
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<para>And make sure that <filename>/usr/local</filename> does not contain a
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<filename>linux-jdk1.3.1</filename> directory. If you find a fragment of
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the directory, delete it. Repeat the <literal>build and install</literal>
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process for <filename role="package">java/linux-jdk13</filename>.</para>
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<para>To make the native <literal>Java Development Kit 1.3.1</literal> for
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FreeBSD, do the following:</para>
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<procedure>
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<step>
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<para>Make sure you have the <filename>j2sdk-1_3_1-src.tar.gz</filename>
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file in your <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>. This file is
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needed for applying the <quote>patch-sets</quote> discussed below.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>You will need to download the <literal>patch set</literal>
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for building the port. The patch-set file is called
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<filename>bsd-jdk131-patches-6.tar.gz</filename>. You should also make sure
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the integrity of the files by matching it with the following
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<acronym>MD5</acronym> checksum. The patch-set is called
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<literal>Patch-set 6</literal>.</para>
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<programlisting>
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MD5 (bsd-jdk131-patches-6.tar.gz) = 9cade10b81d6034fdd2176bef32bdbf9
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</programlisting>
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<para>The patch-set is available from:
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<ulink url="http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsddom/java/index.html"></ulink></para>
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</step>
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</procedure>
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<para>The last procedure discussed above (building the native
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<literal>jdk</literal>) will take some time.</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1>
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<title>Jakarta Tomcat Setup</title>
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<sect2>
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<title>Overview</title>
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<para>Java is becoming an even more popular
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for making diverse and scalable platform independent
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solutions. One of the most growing needs of Java is in the
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<literal>ASP (Application Service Provider)</literal> market.
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Java serves as the perfect solution for these types
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of markets, with the following advantages:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Platform Independence</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Industry Wide Commitment</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Scalability</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Reliable Performance</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Distributed, Multi-threaded, Secure etc.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>A very important and growing technology which has emerged
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from Java is <acronym>JSP</acronym> (JavaServer Pages).</para>
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<para><acronym>JSP</acronym> (JavaServer Pages) is a server-side technology
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introduced by <literal>Sun Microsystems Corp.</literal>, which provides a
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quick simple way to generate dynamic content from within
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<acronym>HTML</acronym> pages. It uses <acronym>XML</acronym> tags
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along with Java scriptlets to encapsulate and separate the logic from
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the design and display. When a <acronym>JSP</acronym> page is
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invoked, it is dynamically converted into a Servlet and processed by the
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server to produce the resulting <acronym>HTML/XML</acronym> page for
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the client. When <acronym>JSP</acronym> is used in conjunction with
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JavaBeans, it is possible to produce very diverse and scalable applications,
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which may be combined with the strength and performance of FreeBSD.</para>
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<para><application>Tomcat</application> is an open-source implementation
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of the Java Servlets and JavaServer Pages technologies, developed under the
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Jakarta project at the Apache Software Foundation.
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Tomcat implements a new Servlet framework (called Catalina) that is
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based on completely new architecture with the Servlet 2.3 and
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<acronym>JSP</acronym> 1.2 specifications. It includes many
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additional features that make it a useful platform for developing
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and deploying web applications and web services. In a nutshell,
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Tomcat is an application server written in 100% Pure Java.</para>
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<para>Tomcat is used for many purposes, and is not limited to Application
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Servers. It provides and open platform to develop extensible web and
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content management services. When Tomcat is used with an optimized
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FreeBSD system, it can provide highly reliable and fast pacing services.</para>
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<para>Please refer to the <xref linkend="ref"> section for more
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information on Tomcat and <acronym>JSP</acronym>. The next section
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will demonstrate how to build the <quote>Tomcat Environment</quote>
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for FreeBSD. The version of Tomcat used in this guide is
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<literal>4.0.3</literal>. This version contains
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major bug fixes, and the following updates/changes:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>JSP 1.2 Specification</literal></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>Java Servlet 2.3 Specification</literal></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>Full backward compatibility with the Java Servlet
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2.2 and JSP 1.1 Specification</literal></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>The Tomcat environment for FreeBSD</title>
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<para>It is very simple to install Tomcat on a FreeBSD machine, after
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setting up the necessary Java environment, which
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we have previously completed.</para>
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<para>In-order to setup Tomcat on FreeBSD, follow the below
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procedure:</para>
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<procedure>
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<step>
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<para>Follow the above steps to setup the necessary
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Java environment.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Set an environment variable <envar>JAVA_HOME</envar> which,
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points to the directory where you have installed the JDK (the below
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example points to a native build of the JDK):</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; setenv JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.3.1 (for C Shells)</screen>
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<screen>&prompt.root; export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.3.1 (for Bourne Shells)</screen>
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<para>This environment variable should be made permanent by adding it
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into either <filename>.profile</filename> or <filename>.cshrc</filename>,
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depending on the shell you are using. This variable is very crucial for
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the functioning of all the Java based programs, including Tomcat itself.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Download the Tomcat <quote>binary distribution</quote> from
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the Jakarta website, which is located at
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<literal><ulink url="&tomcat403"></ulink></literal>. The file to
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download is called <filename>jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3.tar.gz</filename>.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>The compressed and archived file we downloaded in the previous
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step uses special <quote>GNU Extensions</quote>. In-order to untar
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and uncompress the file, we will need to install
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<literal>GNU Tar (<filename role="package">archivers/gtar</filename>)</literal>,
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by doing the following:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/archivers & & make all install clean</screen>
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</step>
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|
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<step>
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<para>Un-tar and Un-compress the
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<filename>jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3.tar.gz</filename> file into the
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<filename>/usr/local</filename> directory and rename the directory
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to <filename>tomcat-4.0</filename> for ease of reference:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local</screen>
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<screen>&prompt.root; gtar zxvf jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3.tar.gz</screen>
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<screen>&prompt.root; ls jakarta*</screen>
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<screen>jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3</screen>
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<screen>&prompt.root; mv jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3 tomcat-4.0</screen>
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|
|
|
<para>You can remove the
|
|
<filename>jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3.tar.gz</filename> at your preference.</para>
|
|
</step>
|
|
</procedure>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para><literal>Installation by using the source code is currently out of
|
|
scope for this document. Please refer to the following files for
|
|
addition information on building from source, available from your
|
|
Tomcat distribution directory:</literal></para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><filename>/usr/local/tomcat-4.0/README.txt</filename></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><filename>/usr/local/tomcat-4.0/BUILDING.txt</filename></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Operating Tomcat - Basics</title>
|
|
<para>Now that we have finished installing Tomcat. The following
|
|
example shows how to start the Tomcat server:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/tomcat-4.0/bin</screen>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; ./startup.sh (for starting Tomcat)</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>You can test if your Tomcat server has started by visiting the
|
|
following URL: <literal>http://127.0.0.1:8080</literal> or
|
|
<literal>http://localhost:8080</literal>. To stop Tomcat:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/tomcat-4.0/bin</screen>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; ./shutdown.sh</screen> <para>(for stopping Tomcat)</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>The <filename>startup.sh</filename> and
|
|
<filename>shutdown.sh</filename> are frontends to the
|
|
<filename>catalina.sh</filename> executable script in the same directory;
|
|
if you would like to start Tomcat automatically at boot-time run:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/etc/rc.d</screen>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; ln -s /usr/local/tomcat-4.0/bin/catalina.sh</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Edit the <filename>catalina.sh</filename>, and add the following
|
|
at the beginning of the file (after the comment box):</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.3.1</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>If your port <literal>8080</literal> is occupied by some other
|
|
service, you can change it by editing the <filename>server.xml</filename>
|
|
in your Tomcat's <filename>conf/</filename> directory. In the
|
|
example below, the port will be changed to 80, assuming there is no
|
|
service running on that port.</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/tomcat-4.0/conf</screen>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; fgrep -n 8080 server.xml</screen>
|
|
|
|
<screen>~65: By default, a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector is established on port 8080.</screen>
|
|
|
|
<screen>~89: port="8080" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"</screen>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; cat server.xml | sed s/8080/80/ > server.xml</screen>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="ref" xreflabel="reference">
|
|
<title>Reference</title>
|
|
<informaltable>
|
|
<tgroup cols="1">
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink url="&wwwurl;/java">The FreeBSD Java Project</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink url="http://java.sun.com">JavaSoft. Home of Java</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink
|
|
url="&sunurl;/software/communitysource/java2/licensing.html">The
|
|
Sun Community Source Licensing for Java</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink url="&tomcaturl">Jakarta Tomcat Homepage</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink url="http://java.sun.com/docs/index.html">J2SE
|
|
Documentation</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink url="&wwwurl;/ports/java.html">FreeBSD Ports - Java
|
|
Section</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</informaltable>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Conclusion</title>
|
|
<para>Finally, we are at the end of the article and have a working version of
|
|
Tomcat. We hope that you have learned the basics of installing and
|
|
building the Java Development Kit on FreeBSD, along with installation
|
|
of the Tomcat binary distribution application server released by the
|
|
Apache Software Foundation. The <xref linkend="ref"> section
|
|
contains pointers to additional resources on this topic, some which
|
|
are in print, some which are on the World Wide Web, or both.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The most important thing is drive space. I suggest having
|
|
<literal>700MB</literal> or more free space in <filename>/usr</filename>.
|
|
I hope this article has helped you in some small way. For
|
|
questions, comments, compliments, or rants, please direct them to
|
|
<ulink url="mailto:vkchan@kendryl.net">Victoria Chan</ulink>.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</article>
|