doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/contributing-ports/article.xml
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V4.5-Based Extension//EN"
"../../../share/xml/freebsd45.dtd">
<article lang='en'>
<articleinfo>
<title>Contributing to the FreeBSD Ports Collection</title>
<abstract>
<title>Abstract</title>
<para>This article describes the ways in which an individual
can contribute to the FreeBSD Ports Collection.</para>
</abstract>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Sam</firstname>
<surname>Lawrance</surname>
</author>
<author>
<firstname>Mark</firstname>
<surname>Linimon</surname>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
&tm-attrib.general;
</legalnotice>
<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
<releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>
</articleinfo>
<indexterm><primary>contributing to ports</primary></indexterm>
<sect1>
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>The Ports Collection is a perpetual work in progress. We
want to provide our users with an easy to use, up to date, high
quality repository of third party software. We need people to
donate some of their time and effort to help us achieve this
goal.</para>
<para>Anyone can get involved, and there are lots of different
ways to do so. Contributing to ports is an excellent way to
help <quote>give&nbsp;back</quote> something to the project.
Whether you are looking for an ongoing role, or a fun challenge
for a rainy day, we would love to have your help!</para>
<para>As a volunteer, what you do is limited only by what you want
to do. However, we do ask that you are aware of what other
members of the &os; community will expect of you. You may want
to take this into account before deciding to volunteer.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="what-contribute">
<title>What you can do to help</title>
<para>There are a number of easy ways you can contribute to
keeping the ports tree up to date and in good working
order:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Find some cool or useful software and
<link linkend="create-port"> create a port</link> for
it.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>There are a large number of ports that have no
maintainer. Become a maintainer and
<link linkend="adopt-port">adopt a port</link>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If you have created or adopted a port, be
aware of <link linkend="maintain-port">what you need to do
as a maintainer</link>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>When you are looking for a quick challenge you
could <link linkend="fix-broken">fix a bug or a broken
port</link>.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="create-port">
<title>Creating a new port</title>
<para>There is a separate document available to help guide you
through creating (and upgrading) a port called the <ulink
url="&url.books.porters-handbook;">Porter's Handbook</ulink>.
The Porter's Handbook is the best reference to working with the
ports system. It provides details about how the ports system
operates and discusses recommended practices.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="adopt-port">
<title>Adopting an unmaintained port</title>
<sect2>
<title>Choosing an unmaintained port</title>
<para>Taking over maintainership of ports that are
unmaintained is a great way to get involved. Unmaintained
ports are only updated and fixed when somebody volunteers to
work on them. There are a large number of unmaintained
ports. It is a good idea to start with adopting a port that
you use regularly.</para>
<para>Unmaintained ports have their
<makevar>MAINTAINER</makevar> set to
<literal>ports@FreeBSD.org</literal>. A list of unmaintained
ports and their current errors and problem reports can be seen
at the <ulink
url="http://portsmon.FreeBSD.org/portsconcordanceformaintainer.py?maintainer=ports%40FreeBSD.org">&os;
Ports Monitoring System</ulink>.</para>
<para>Some ports affect a large number of others due to
dependencies and slave port relationships. Generally, we
want people to have some experience before they maintain such
ports.</para>
<para>You can find out whether or not a port has dependencies
or slave ports by looking at a master index of ports called
<filename>INDEX</filename>. (The name of the file varies
by release of &os;; for instance,
<filename>INDEX-8</filename>.) Some ports have conditional
dependencies that are not included in a default
<filename>INDEX</filename> build. We expect you to be able to
recognize such ports by looking through other ports'
<filename>Makefile</filename>s.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>How to adopt the port</title>
<para>First make sure you understand your
<link linkend="maintain-port">responsibilities as a
maintainer</link>. Also read the
<ulink url="&url.books.porters-handbook;">Porter's
Handbook</ulink>. <emphasis>Please do not commit yourself
to more than you feel you can comfortably
handle.</emphasis></para>
<para>You may request maintainership of any unmaintained port
as soon as you wish. Simply set <makevar>MAINTAINER</makevar>
to your own email address and send a PR (Problem Report) with
the change. If the port has build errors or needs updating,
you may wish to include any other changes in the same PR.
This will help because many committers are less willing to
assign maintainership to someone who does not have a known
track record with &os;. Submitting PRs that fix build errors
or update ports are the best ways to establish one.</para>
<para>File your PR with category <literal>ports</literal> and
class <literal>change-request</literal>. A committer will
examine your PR, commit the changes, and finally close the
PR. Sometimes this process can take a little while
(committers are volunteers, too :).</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="maintain-port">
<title>The challenge for port maintainers</title>
<para>This section will give you an idea of why ports need to be
maintained and outline the responsibilities of a port
maintainer.</para>
<sect2 id="why-maintenance">
<title>Why ports require maintenance</title>
<para>Creating a port is a once-off task. Ensuring that a
port is up to date and continues to build and run requires
an ongoing maintenance effort. Maintainers are the people
who dedicate some of their time to meeting these goals.</para>
<para>The foremost reason ports need maintenance is to bring
the latest and greatest in third party software to the &os;
community. An additional challenge is to keep individual
ports working within the Ports Collection framework as it
evolves.</para>
<para>As a maintainer, you will need to manage the following
challenges:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>New software versions and updates.</title>
<para>New versions and updates of existing ported
software become available all the time, and these need
to be incorporated into the Ports Collection in order
to provide up-to-date software.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Changes to dependencies.</title>
<para>If significant changes are made to the dependencies
of your port, it may need to be updated so that it will
continue to work correctly.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Changes affecting dependent ports.</title>
<para>If other ports depend on a port that you maintain,
changes to your port may require coordination with
other maintainers.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Interaction with other users, maintainers and
developers.</title>
<para>Part of being a maintainer is taking on a support
role. You are not expected to provide general support
(but we welcome it if you choose to do so). What you
should provide is a point of coordination for
&os;-specific issues regarding your ports.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Bug hunting.</title>
<para>A port may be affected by bugs which are specific
to &os;. You will need to investigate, find, and fix
these bugs when they are reported. Thoroughly testing
a port to identify problems before they make their way
into the Ports Collection is even better.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Changes to ports infrastructure and policy.</title>
<para>Occasionally the systems that are used to build
ports and packages are updated or a new recommendation
affecting the infrastructure is made. You should be
aware of these changes in case your ports are affected
and require updating.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<formalpara>
<title>Changes to the base system.</title>
<para>&os; is under constant development. Changes to
software, libraries, the kernel or even policy changes
can cause flow-on change requirements to ports.</para>
</formalpara>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Maintainer responsibilities</title>
<sect3>
<title>Keep your ports up to date</title>
<para>This section outlines the process to follow to keep your
ports up to date.</para>
<para>This is an overview. More information about upgrading a
port is available in the
<ulink url="&url.books.porters-handbook;">
Porter's Handbook</ulink>.</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<title>Watch for updates</title>
<para>Monitor the upstream vendor for new versions,
updates and security fixes for the software.
Announcement mailing lists or news web pages are useful
for doing this. Sometimes users will contact you and
ask when your port will be updated. If you are busy
with other things or for any reason just cannot update
it at the moment, ask if they will help you by
submitting an update.</para>
<para>You may also receive automated email from the
<literal>&os; Ports Version Check</literal> informing
you that a newer version of your port's distfile is
available. More information about that system
(including how to stop future emails) will be provided
in the message.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Incorporate changes</title>
<para>When they become available, incorporate the changes
into the port. You need to be able to generate a patch
between the original port and your updated port.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Review and test</title>
<para>Thoroughly review and test your changes:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Build, install and test your port on as many
platforms and architectures as you can. It is
common for a port to work on one branch or platform
and fail on another.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Make sure your port's dependencies are complete.
The recommended way of doing this is by installing
your own ports <application>tinderbox</application>.
See <link linkend="resources">resources</link>
for more information.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Check that the packing list is up to date. This
involves adding in any new files and directories and
removing unused entries.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Verify your port using &man.portlint.1; as a
guide. See <link
linkend="resources">resources</link> for important
information about using
<application>portlint</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Consider whether changes to your port might
cause any other ports to break. If this is the
case, coordinate the changes with the maintainers of
those ports. This is especially important if your
update changes the shared library version; in this
case, at the very least, the dependent ports will
need to get a <makevar>PORTREVISION</makevar> bump
so that they will automatically be upgraded by
automated tools such as
<application>portmaster</application> or
&man.portupgrade.1;.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</step>
<step>
<title>Submit changes</title>
<para>Send your update by submitting a PR with an
explanation of the changes and a patch containing the
differences between the original port and the updated
one. Please refer to <ulink
url="&url.articles.problem-reports;">Writing FreeBSD
Problem Reports</ulink> for information on how to
write a really good PR.</para>
<note>
<para>Please do not submit a &man.shar.1; archive of the
entire port; instead, use &man.diff.1;
<literal>-ruN</literal>. In this way, committers can
much more easily see exactly what changes are being
made. The Porter's Handbook section on <ulink
url="&url.books.porters-handbook;/port-upgrading.html">Upgrading</ulink>
has more information.</para>
</note>
</step>
<step>
<title>Wait</title>
<para>At some stage a committer will deal with your PR.
It may take minutes, or it may take weeks &mdash; so
please be patient.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Give feedback</title>
<para>If a committer finds a problem with your changes,
they will most likely refer it back to you. A prompt
response will help get your PR committed faster, and
is better for maintaining a thread of conversation
when trying to resolve any problems.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>And Finally</title>
<para>Your changes will be committed and your port will
have been updated. The PR will then be closed by the
committer. That's it!</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Ensure your ports continue to build correctly</title>
<para>This section is about discovering and fixing problems
that stop your ports from building correctly.</para>
<para>&os; only guarantees that the Ports Collection works on
the <literal>-STABLE</literal> branches. You should be
running <literal>7-STABLE</literal> or
<literal>8-STABLE</literal>, preferably the latter. In
theory, you should be able to get by with running the latest
release of each stable branch (since the ABIs are not
supposed to change) but if you can run the branch, that is
even better.</para>
<para>Since the majority of &os; installations run on
PC-compatible machines (what is termed the
<literal>i386</literal> architecture), we expect you to keep
the port working on that architecture. We prefer that ports
also work on the <literal>amd64</literal> architecture
running native. It is completely fair to ask for help if
you do not have one of these machines.</para>
<note>
<para>The usual failure modes for
non-<literal>i386</literal> machines are that the original
programmers assumed that, for instance, pointers are
<literal>int</literal>s, or that a relatively lax older
<application>gcc</application> compiler was being used.
More and more, application authors are reworking their
code to remove these assumptions &mdash; but if the author
is not actively maintaining their code, you may need to do
this yourself.</para>
</note>
<para>These are the tasks you need to perform to ensure your
port is able to be built:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<title>Watch for build failures</title>
<para>Regularly check the automated ports building
cluster, <ulink
url="http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org">pointyhat</ulink>,
and the <ulink url="http://www.portscout.org">distfiles
scanner</ulink> to see if any of the ports you
maintain are failing to build or fetch (see <link
linkend="resources">resources</link> for more
information about these systems). Reports of failures
may also come to you from other users or automated
systems via email.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Collect information</title>
<para>Once you are aware of a problem, collect information
to help you fix it. Build errors reported by
<literal>pointyhat</literal> are accompanied by logs
which will show you where the build failed. If the
failure was reported to you by a user, ask them to send
you information which may help in diagnosing the
problem, such as:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Build logs</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The commands and options used to build the
port (including options set in
<filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A list of packages installed on their system
as shown by &man.pkg.info.1;</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The version of &os; they are running as
shown by &man.uname.1;<command> -a</command></para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>When their ports collection was last
updated</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>When their <filename>INDEX</filename> file
was last updated</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</step>
<step>
<title>Investigate and find a solution</title>
<para>Unfortunately there is no straightforward process to
follow to do this. Remember, though: if you are stuck,
ask for help! The &a.ports; is a good place to start,
and the upstream developers are often very
helpful.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Submit changes</title>
<para>Just as with updating a port, you should now
incorporate changes, review and test, submit your
changes in a PR, and provide feedback if
required.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Send patches to upstream authors</title>
<para>In some cases, you will have to make patches to the
port to make it run on FreeBSD. Some (but not all)
upstream authors will accept such patches back into
their code for the next release. If so, this may even
help their users on other BSD-based systems as well and
perhaps save duplicated effort. Please consider sending
any applicable patches to the authors as a
courtesy.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Investigate bug reports and PRs related to your
port</title>
<para>This section is about discovering and fixing
bugs.</para>
<para>&os;-specific bugs are generally caused by assumptions
about the build and runtime environments that do not apply
to &os;. You are less likely to encounter a problem of this
type, but it can be more subtle and difficult to
diagnose.</para>
<para>These are the tasks you need to perform to ensure your
port continues to work as intended:</para>
<procedure>
<step>
<title>Respond to bug reports</title>
<para>Bugs may be reported to you through email via the
<ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi?query">
GNATS Problem Report database</ulink>. Bugs may also be
reported directly to you by users.</para>
<para>You should respond to PRs and other reports within
14 days, but please try not to take that long. Try to
respond as soon as possible, even if it is just to say
you need some more time before you can work on the
PR.</para>
<para>If you have not responded after 14 days, any
committer may commit from a PR that you have not
responded to via a
<literal>maintainer-timeout</literal>.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Collect information</title>
<para>If the person reporting the bug has not also
provided a fix, you need to collect the information that
will allow you to generate one.</para>
<para>If the bug is reproducible, you can collect most of
the required information yourself. If not, ask the
person who reported the bug to collect the information
for you, such as:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>A detailed description of their actions,
expected program behavior and actual behavior</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Copies of input data used to trigger the
bug</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Information about their build and execution
environment &mdash; for example, a list of installed
packages and the output of &man.env.1;</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Core dumps</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Stack traces</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</step>
<step>
<title>Eliminate incorrect reports</title>
<para>Some bug reports may be incorrect. For example,
the user may have simply misused the program; or their
installed packages may be out of date and require
updating. Sometimes a reported bug is not specific to
&os;. In this case report the bug to the upstream
developers. If the bug is within your capabilities to
fix, you can also patch the port so that the fix is
applied before the next upstream release.</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Find a solution</title>
<para>As with build errors, you will need to sort out a
fix to the problem. Again, remember to ask if you are
stuck!</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Submit or approve changes</title>
<para>Just as with updating a port, you should now
incorporate changes, review and test, and submit your
changes in a PR (or send a follow-up if a PR already
exists for the problem). If another user has submitted
changes in the PR, you can also send a follow-up saying
whether or not you approve the changes.</para>
</step>
</procedure>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Providing support</title>
<para>Part of being a maintainer is providing support &mdash;
not for the software in general &mdash; but for the port and
any &os;-specific quirks and problems. Users may contact
you with questions, suggestions, problems and patches. Most
of the time their correspondence will be specific to
&os;.</para>
<para>Occasionally you may have to invoke your skills in
diplomacy, and kindly point users seeking general support to
the appropriate resources. Less frequently you will
encounter a person asking why the <literal>RPM</literal>s
are not up to date or how can they get the software to run
under Foo Linux. Take the opportunity to tell them that
your port is up to date (if it is, of course!), and suggest
that they try &os;.</para>
<para>Sometimes users and developers will decide that you are
a busy person whose time is valuable and do some of the work
for you. For example, they might:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>submit a PR or send you patches to update your
port,</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>investigate and perhaps provide a fix to a PR,
or</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>otherwise submit changes to your port.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>In these cases your main obligation is to respond in a
timely manner. Again, the timeout for non-responsive
maintainers is 14 days. After this period changes may be
committed unapproved. They have taken the trouble to do
this for you; so please try to at least respond promptly.
Then review, approve, modify or discuss their changes with
them as soon as possible.</para>
<para>If you can make them feel that their contribution is
appreciated (and it should be) you will have a better chance
persuading them to do more things for you in the future
<!-- smiley -->:-).</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fix-broken">
<title>Finding and fixing a broken port</title>
<para>There are two really good places to find a port that needs
some attention.</para>
<para>You can use the <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi?query">web
interface</ulink> to the Problem Report database to search
through and view unresolved PRs. The majority of ports PRs are
updates, but with a little searching and skimming over synopses
you should be able to find something interesting to work on (the
<literal>sw-bug</literal> class is a good place to
start).</para>
<para>The other place is the <ulink
url="http://portsmon.FreeBSD.org/">&os; Ports Monitoring
System</ulink>. In particular look for unmaintained ports
with build errors and ports that are marked
<makevar>BROKEN</makevar>. It is OK to send changes for a
maintained port as well, but remember to ask the maintainer in
case they are already working on the problem.</para>
<para>Once you have found a bug or problem, collect information,
investigate and fix! If there is an existing PR, follow up to
that. Otherwise create a new PR. Your changes will be reviewed
and, if everything checks out, committed.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="mortal-coil">
<title>When to call it quits</title>
<para>As your interests and commitments change, you may find that
you no longer have time to continue some (or all) of your ports
contributions. That is fine! Please let us know if you are no
longer using a port or have otherwise lost time or interest in
being a maintainer. In this way we can go ahead and allow other
people to try to work on existing problems with the port without
waiting for your response. Remember, &os; is a volunteer
project, so if maintaining a port is no fun anymore, it is
probably time to let someone else do it!</para>
<para>In any case, the Ports Management Team
(<literal>portmgr</literal>) reserves the right to reset your
maintainership if you have not actively maintained your port in
some time. (Currently, this is set to 3 months.) By this, we
mean that there are unresolved problems or pending updates that
have not been worked on during that time.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="resources">
<title>Resources for ports maintainers and contributors</title>
<para>The <ulink url="&url.books.porters-handbook;">Porter's
Handbook</ulink> is your hitchhiker's guide to the ports
system. Keep it handy!</para>
<para><ulink url="&url.articles.problem-reports;">Writing FreeBSD
Problem Reports</ulink> describes how to best formulate and
submit a PR. In 2005 more than eleven thousand ports PRs were
submitted! Following this article will greatly assist us in
reducing the time needed to handle your PRs.</para>
<para>The <ulink
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/query-pr-summary.cgi?query">
Problem Report database</ulink>.</para>
<para><ulink url="http://pointyhat.FreeBSD.org/">Pointyhat</ulink>
is the ports build cluster. You can use Pointyhat to check port
build logs across all architectures and major releases.</para>
<para>The <ulink url="http://portsmon.FreeBSD.org/">FreeBSD Ports
Monitoring System</ulink> can show you cross-referenced
information about ports such as build errors and problem
reports. If you are a maintainer you can use it to check on the
build status of your ports. As a contributor you can use it to
find broken and unmaintained ports that need to be fixed.</para>
<para>The <ulink url="http://www.portscout.org">FreeBSD Ports
distfile scanner</ulink> can show you ports for which the
distfiles are not fetchable. You can check on your own ports or
use it to find ports that need their
<makevar>MASTER_SITES</makevar> updated.</para>
<para>The ports <application>tinderbox</application> is the most
thorough way to test a port through the entire cycle of
installation, packaging, and deinstallation. It features a
command-line interface but also can be controlled via a web
interface. Please see
<filename>ports/ports-mgmt/tinderbox</filename>. More
documentation is located at the <ulink
url="http://tinderbox.marcuscom.com/">marcuscom tinderbox home
page</ulink>.</para>
<para>&man.portlint.1; is an application which can be used to
verify that your port conforms to many important stylistic and
functional guidelines. <application>portlint</application> is a
simple heuristic application, so you should use it
<emphasis>only as a guide</emphasis>. If
<application>portlint</application> suggests changes which seem
unreasonable, consult the <ulink
url="&url.books.porters-handbook;">Porter's Handbook</ulink>
or ask for advice.</para>
<para>The &a.ports; is for general ports-related discussion. It
is a good place to ask for help. You can <ulink
url="http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo">subscribe, or
read and search the list archives</ulink>. Reading the
archives of the &a.ports-bugs; and the &a.cvs-ports; may also be
of interest.</para>
</sect1>
</article>