5421dc303f
- Add trademark tags as needed, generally on first use in each article. - Add an attribution to the legal section mentioning all trademarks referenced. - Always use correct case for trademarks. - Don't join trademarks with other words, e.g. using hyphens. trademark.ent: - Commonly used trademarks are defined as entities for ease of use. - All trademark attributions are defined as entities for ease of use. Approved by: ceri (mentor)
437 lines
16 KiB
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437 lines
16 KiB
Text
<!-- Copyright (c) 2001 The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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Redistribution and use in source (SGML DocBook) and 'compiled' forms
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THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE FREEBSD DOCUMENTATION PROJECT "AS
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IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
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THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NIK CLAYTON BE LIABLE FOR ANY
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DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V4.1-Based Extension//EN" [
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<!ENTITY % man PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Manual Page Entities//EN">
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%man;
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<!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../../share/sgml/legalnotice.sgml">
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<!ENTITY % trademarks PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Trademark Entities//EN">
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%trademarks;
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]>
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<article>
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<articleinfo>
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<title>Integration of Check Point <trademark class='registered'>VPN-1</trademark>/<trademark class='registered'>Firewall-1</trademark> and FreeBSD IPsec</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Jon</firstname>
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<surname>Orbeton</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address><email>jono@securityreports.com</email></address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Matt</firstname>
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<surname>Hite</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address><email>mhite@hotmail.com</email></address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
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<copyright>
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<year>2001, 2002, 2003</year>
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<holder role="mailto:jono@securityreports.com">Jon Orbeton</holder>
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</copyright>
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&legalnotice;
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<legalnotice id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
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&tm-attrib.freebsd;
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&tm-attrib.check-point;
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&tm-attrib.general;
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</legalnotice>
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<abstract>
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<para>This document explains how to configure a <acronym>VPN</acronym>
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tunnel between FreeBSD and Check Point's
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<trademark class='registered'>VPN-1</trademark>/
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<trademark class='registered'>Firewall-1</trademark>. Other
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documents provide similar information, but do not contain instructions
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specific to VPN-1/Firewall-1 and its integration with FreeBSD. These
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documents are listed at the conclusion of this paper for further
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reference.</para>
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</abstract>
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</articleinfo>
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<sect1 id="prerequisites">
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<title>Prerequisites</title>
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<para>The following is a diagram of the machines and networks referenced
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in this document.</para>
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="networks">
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</imageobject>
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<textobject>
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<literallayout class="monospaced">External Interface External Interface
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208.229.100.6 216.218.197.2
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+--> Firewall-1 <--> Internet <--> FreeBSD GW <--+
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FW-1 Protected Nets Internal Nets
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199.208.192.0/24 192.168.10.0/24</literallayout>
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</textobject>
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<textobject>
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<phrase>FW-1 net and FreeBSD net</phrase>
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</textobject>
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</mediaobject>
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<para>The FreeBSD gateway <acronym>GW</acronym> serves as a firewall and
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<acronym>NAT</acronym> device for <quote>internal nets.</quote></para>
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<para>The FreeBSD kernel must be compiled to support IPsec. Use the
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following kernel options to enable IPsec support in your kernel:</para>
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<programlisting>options IPSEC
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options IPSEC_ESP
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options IPSEC_DEBUG</programlisting>
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<para>For instructions on building a custom kernel, refer to the
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<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig.html">FreeBSD
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handbook</ulink>. Please note that <acronym>IP</acronym>
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protocol 50 (<acronym>ESP</acronym>) and <acronym>UDP</acronym>
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port <literal>500</literal> must be open between the <trademark class='registered'>Firewall-1</trademark>
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host and the FreeBSD <acronym>GW</acronym>.</para>
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<para>Also, <application>racoon</application> must be installed to support
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key exchange. <application>Racoon</application> is part of the FreeBSD
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ports collection in <filename role="package">security/racoon</filename>.
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The <application>racoon</application> configuration file will be covered
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later in this document.</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="object">
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<title>Firewall-1 Network Object Configuration</title>
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<para>Begin by configuring the Firewall-1 Policy. Open the Policy Editor
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on the Firewall-1 Management server and create a new
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<quote>Workstation</quote> Network Object representing FreeBSD
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<acronym>GW</acronym>.</para>
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<programlisting>General Tab:
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Set name and IP address
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VPN Tab:
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Encryption Schemes Defined: IKE ---> Edit
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IKE Properties:
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Key Negotiation Encryption Methods: 3DES
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Authentication Method:
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Pre-Shared Secret ---> Edit</programlisting>
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<para>Select the Firewall Object and set a pre-shared secret.
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(Do not use our example.)</para>
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<programlisting>Support Aggressive Mode: Checked
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Supports Subnets: Checked</programlisting>
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<para>After setting the pre-shared secret in the Firewall-1 Network Object
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definition, place this secret in the
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<filename>/usr/local/etc/racoon/psk.txt</filename> file on FreeBSD
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<acronym>GW</acronym>. The format for <filename>psk.txt</filename>
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is:</para>
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<programlisting>208.229.100.6 rUac0wtoo?</programlisting>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="rulecfg">
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<title>Firewall-1 VPN Rule Configuration</title>
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<para>Next, create a Firewall-1 rule enabling encryption between the
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FreeBSD <acronym>GW</acronym> and the Firewall-1 protected network.
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In this rule, the network services permitted through the
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<acronym>VPN</acronym> must be defined.</para>
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<programlisting>Source | Destination | Service | Action | Track
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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FreeBSD GW | FW-1 Protected Net | VPN services | Encrypt | Long
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FW-1 Protected Net| FreeBSD GW | | |</programlisting>
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<para><quote>VPN services</quote> are any services (i.e.
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<command>telnet</command>, <acronym>SSH</acronym>,
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<acronym>NTP</acronym>, etc.) which remote hosts are permitted to access
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through the <acronym>VPN</acronym>. Use caution when permitting
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services; hosts connecting through a <acronym>VPN</acronym> still
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represent a potential security risk. Encrypting the traffic between the
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two networks offers little protection if a host on either side of the
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tunnel has been compromised.</para>
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<para>Once the rule specifying data encryption between the FreeBSD
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<acronym>GW</acronym> and the Firewall-1 protected network has been
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configured, review the <quote>Action Encrypt</quote> settings.</para>
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<programlisting>Encryption Schemes Defined: IKE ---> Edit
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Transform: Encryption + Data Integrity (ESP)
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Encryption Algorithm: 3DES
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Data Integrity: MD5
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Allowed Peer Gateway: Any or Firewall Object
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Use Perfect Forward Secrecy: Checked</programlisting>
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<para>The use of Perfect Forward Secrecy (<acronym>PFS</acronym>) is
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optional. Enabling <acronym>PFS</acronym> will add another layer of
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encryption security, but does come at the cost of increased
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<acronym>CPU</acronym> overhead. If <acronym>PFS</acronym> is not used,
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uncheck the box above and comment out the
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<literal>pfs_group 1</literal> line in the
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<filename>racoon.conf</filename> file on FreeBSD <acronym>GW</acronym>.
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An example <filename>racoon.conf</filename> file is provided later in
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this document.</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="policy">
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<title>FreeBSD <acronym>VPN</acronym> Policy Configuration</title>
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<para>At this point, the <acronym>VPN</acronym> policy on FreeBSD
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<acronym>GW</acronym> must be defined. The &man.setkey.8; tool performs
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this function.</para>
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<para>Below is an example shell script which will flush &man.setkey.8; and
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add your <acronym>VPN</acronym> policy rules.</para>
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<programlisting>#
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# /etc/vpn1-ipsec.sh
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#
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# IP addresses
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#
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# External Interface External Interface
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# 208.229.100.6 216.218.197.2
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# | |
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# +--> Firewall-1 <--> Internet <--> FreeBSD GW <--+
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# | |
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# FW-1 Protected Nets Internal Nets
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# 199.208.192.0/24 192.168.10.0/24
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#
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# Flush the policy
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#
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setkey -FP
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setkey -F
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#
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# Configure the Policy
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#
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setkey -c << END
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spdadd 216.218.197.2/32 199.208.192.0/24 any -P out ipsec
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esp/tunnel/216.218.197.2-208.229.100.6/require;
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spdadd 199.208.192.0/24 216.218.197.2/32 any -P in ipsec
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esp/tunnel/208.229.100.6-216.218.197.2/require;
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END
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#</programlisting>
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<para>Execute the &man.setkey.8; commands:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sh /etc/vpn1-ipsec.sh</userinput></screen>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="racoon">
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<title>FreeBSD <application>Racoon</application> Configuration</title>
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<para>To facilitate the negotiation of IPsec keys on the FreeBSD
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<acronym>GW</acronym>, the
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<filename role="package">security/racoon</filename> port must be
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installed and configured.</para>
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<para>The following is a <application>racoon</application> configuration
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file suitable for use with the examples outlined in this document.
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Please make sure you fully understand this file before using it in a
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production environment.</para>
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<programlisting># racoon.conf for use with Check Point VPN-1/Firewall-1
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#
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# search this file for pre_shared_key with various ID key.
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#
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path pre_shared_key "/usr/local/etc/racoon/psk.txt" ;
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log debug;
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#
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# "padding" defines some parameter of padding. You should not touch these.
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#
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padding
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{
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maximum_length 20; # maximum padding length.
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randomize off; # enable randomize length.
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strict_check off; # enable strict check.
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exclusive_tail off; # extract last one octet.
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}
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listen
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{
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#isakmp ::1 [7000];
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#isakmp 0.0.0.0 [500];
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#admin [7002]; # administrative port by kmpstat.
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#strict_address; # required all addresses must be bound.
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}
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#
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# Specification of default various timers.
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#
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timer
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{
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#
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# These values can be changed per remote node.
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#
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counter 5; # maximum trying count to send.
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interval 20 sec; # maximum interval to resend.
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persend 1; # the number of packets per a send.
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#
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# timer for waiting to complete each phase.
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#
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phase1 30 sec;
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phase2 15 sec;
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}
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remote anonymous
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{
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exchange_mode aggressive,main; # For Firewall-1 Aggressive mode
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#my_identifier address;
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#my_identifier user_fqdn "";
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#my_identifier address "";
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#peers_identifier address "";
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#certificate_type x509 "" "";
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nonce_size 16;
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lifetime time 10 min; # sec,min,hour
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lifetime byte 5 MB; # B,KB,GB
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initial_contact on;
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support_mip6 on;
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proposal_check obey; # obey, strict or claim
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proposal {
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encryption_algorithm 3des;
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hash_algorithm md5;
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authentication_method pre_shared_key;
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dh_group 2 ;
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}
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}
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sainfo anonymous
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{
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pfs_group 1;
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lifetime time 10 min;
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lifetime byte 50000 KB;
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encryption_algorithm 3des;
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authentication_algorithm hmac_md5;
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compression_algorithm deflate ;
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}</programlisting>
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<para>Ensure that the <filename>/usr/local/etc/racoon/psk.txt</filename>
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file contains the pre-shared secret configured in the <quote>Firewall-1
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Network Object Configuration</quote> section of this document and has
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mode <literal>600</literal> permissions.</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 600 /usr/local/etc/racoon/psk.txt</userinput></screen>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="startingvpn">
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<title>Starting the <acronym>VPN</acronym></title>
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<para>You are now ready to launch <application>racoon</application> and
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test the <acronym>VPN</acronym> tunnel. For debugging purposes, open
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the Firewall-1 Log Viewer and define a log filter to isolate entries
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pertaining to FreeBSD <acronym>GW</acronym>. You may also find it
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helpful to &man.tail.1; the <application>racoon</application>
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log:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>tail -f /var/log/racoon.log</userinput></screen>
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<para>Start <application>racoon</application> using the following
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command:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>/usr/local/sbin/racoon -f /usr/local/etc/racoon/racoon.conf</userinput></screen>
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<para>Once <application>racoon</application> has been launched,
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&man.telnet.1; to a host on the Firewall-1 protected network.</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>telnet -s 192.168.10.3 199.208.192.66 22</userinput></screen>
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<para>This command attempts to connect to the &man.ssh.1; port on <hostid
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role="ipaddr">199.208.192.66</hostid>, a machine in the Firewall-1
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protected network. The <option>-s</option> switch indicates the source
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interface of the outbound connection. This is particularly important
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when running <acronym>NAT</acronym> and <acronym>IPFW</acronym> on
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FreeBSD <acronym>GW</acronym>. Using <literal>-s</literal> and
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specifying an explicit source address prevents <acronym>NAT</acronym>
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from mangling the packet prior to tunneling.</para>
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<para>A successful <application>racoon</application> key exchange will
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output the following to the <filename>racoon.log</filename> log
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file:</para>
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<programlisting>pfkey UPDATE succeeded: ESP/Tunnel 216.218.197.2->208.229.100.6
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pk_recvupdate(): IPSec-SA established: ESP/Tunnel 216.218.197.2->208.229.100.6
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get pfkey ADD message IPsec-SA established: ESP/Tunnel 208.229.100.6->216.218.197.2</programlisting>
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<para>Once key exchange completes (which takes a few seconds), an
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&man.ssh.1; banner will appear. If all went well, two <quote>Key
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Install</quote> messages will be logged in the Firewall-1 Log
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Viewer.</para>
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<programlisting>Action | Source | Dest. | Info.
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Key Install | 216.218.197.2 | 208.229.100.6 | IKE Log: Phase 1 (aggressive) completion.
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Key Install | 216.218.197.2 | 208.229.100.6 | scheme: IKE methods</programlisting>
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<para>Under the information column, the full log detail will read:</para>
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<programlisting>IKE Log: Phase 1 (aggressive) completion. 3DES/MD5/Pre shared secrets Negotiation Id:
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scheme: IKE methods: Combined ESP: 3DES + MD5 + PFS (phase 2 completion) for host:</programlisting>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="References">
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<title>References</title>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/ipsec.html">
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The FreeBSD Handbook: IPsec</ulink></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><ulink url="http://www.kame.net">KAME Project</ulink></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><ulink url="http://www.x-itec.de/projects/tuts/ipsec-howto.txt">
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FreeBSD IPsec mini-HOWTO</ulink></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect1>
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</article>
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