906 lines
18 KiB
Text
906 lines
18 KiB
Text
0:00:11.849,0:00:14.669
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welcome everybody welcome to BSD v. GPL
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0:00:14.669,0:00:19.259
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first I'd like to thank the organizers and the volunteers
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0:00:19.259,0:00:20.609
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making the New York City BSDCon possible
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0:00:20.609,0:00:23.579
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and my employer OmniTI
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0:00:23.579,0:00:24.830
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for sponsoring my talk
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0:00:24.830,0:00:26.789
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I had to get that in
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0:00:26.789,0:00:29.169
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a couple years ago I was invited to give a talk here
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0:00:29.169,0:00:31.990
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that was quite a lot of fun to give and
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0:00:31.990,0:00:33.990
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seemed to be well received. Fortunately they were
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0:00:33.990,0:00:37.110
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fool hardy enough to invite me back again
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0:00:37.110,0:00:41.860
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but as we know sequels really measure up so the
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0:00:41.860,0:00:44.890
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official title of this is not the sequel to ""BSD is Dying""
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0:00:44.890,0:00:51.790
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but don't worry it's just as short as the first one
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0:00:51.790,0:00:54.530
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BSD v. GPL the great debate
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the ongoing conflict between users of the BSD
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0:00:57.990,0:01:00.880
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and GPL licenses
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0:01:00.880,0:01:02.290
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well what is the debate
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0:01:02.290,0:01:03.430
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do you mean like
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0:01:03.430,0:01:04.799
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gosh Jason
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0:01:04.799,0:01:07.000
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I didn't know there was a debate between
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0:01:07.000,0:01:10.990
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the BSD and GPL licenses
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0:01:10.990,0:01:13.130
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or like dull Jason
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0:01:13.130,0:01:14.220
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everyone knows that
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0:01:14.220,0:01:15.869
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BSD has already won
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0:01:20.220,0:01:22.360
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well for the sake of argument
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0:01:22.360,0:01:25.250
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let's assume that we're talking about the former
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0:01:25.250,0:01:27.480
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so back to the debate
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0:01:27.480,0:01:30.680
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which license is more free
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0:01:30.680,0:01:33.430
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it depends a lot on how you define freedom
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0:01:33.430,0:01:37.000
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is it a tool used to guarantee the freedom of the code
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for everyone
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0:01:38.560,0:01:39.900
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or is it a mechanism
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providing select freedoms
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to a select group of users
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0:01:52.420,0:01:56.980
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I'll let you make that judgment for yourselves
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0:01:56.980,0:01:59.540
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but first let's step back in time a moment
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0:01:59.540,0:02:01.570
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look at the origins of the BSD
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0:02:01.570,0:02:03.440
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and GPL licenses
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0:02:03.440,0:02:10.040
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which should help us better understand
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their goals and philosophies.
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0:02:12.420,0:02:15.079
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I know boo
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0:02:15.079,0:02:20.049
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Even though work on the ancestors of UNIX dates back to 1974
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it took roughly fifteen years to get to a point
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where these licenses became a necessity back in 1995
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0:02:26.959,0:02:28.299
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Richard Stallman
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a member of the staff at MIT
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0:02:30.909,0:02:31.840
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had a dispute
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0:02:31.840,0:02:34.769
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with the company named UniPress
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0:02:34.769,0:02:37.419
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another developer named James Gosling
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had developed the first version of Emacs written in C
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0:02:43.759,0:02:47.809
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After Stallman had incorporated parts of Goslings Emacs
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into GNU Emacs
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0:02:48.809,0:02:53.079
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Gosling sold the rights to UniPress
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UniPress threatened Stallman
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against further redistribution of the Gosling
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0:02:58.569,0:03:01.169
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so he rewrote the effected portions
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0:03:01.169,0:03:04.819
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and released a new version under a copyleft license
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0:03:04.819,0:03:08.449
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call Emacs General Public License
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0:03:08.449,0:03:10.220
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the June 1988 issue
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0:03:10.220,0:03:12.159
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of the GNU bulletin
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0:03:12.159,0:03:15.669
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first mentioned that GNU general public license
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0:03:15.669,0:03:18.449
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but even then his earliest announcement foreshadowed
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an underlying theme that forms the great debate
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0:03:27.009,0:03:29.599
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Switching gears
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0:03:29.599,0:03:31.449
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switching gears we find ourselves
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in the summer of 1989
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soaking up the summer rays in the computer lab
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0:03:36.010,0:03:38.889
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of CSRG of Cal Berkeley
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0:03:38.889,0:03:41.019
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The Berkeley Software Distribution
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0:03:41.019,0:03:44.859
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already had thousands of copies distributed to users
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0:03:44.859,0:03:46.769
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Because the releases included the source code
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0:03:46.769,0:03:48.519
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to AT&T Unix
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0:03:48.519,0:03:50.799
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as well as Berkeley's improvements
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users were required to purchase
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0:03:52.480,0:03:55.619
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an AT&T source license
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0:03:55.619,0:03:57.079
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Demand had built up
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for a version of BSD Unix
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that didn't require an AT&T source license
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0:04:02.650,0:04:05.269
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So BSD developers were able to put together a release
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free of AT&T code
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0:04:07.039,0:04:10.609
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that included the BSD originated TCP/IP networking
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0:04:10.609,0:04:13.979
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stack and supported utilities
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0:04:13.979,0:04:17.339
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This version was officially known as
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Networking Release 1 or NET/1
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0:04:18.339,0:04:20.359
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and was released under a liberal license
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where the user could redistribute the code
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modified or unmodified
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in source or binary form
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with no accounting of royalties to Berkeley
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Even with these liberal terms
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hundreds of organizations step forward to pay the $1000 fee
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for copies of the official NET/1 media
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0:04:41.590,0:04:45.989
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By 1991 the free software community had considerable
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momentum with the success of the GNU
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compiler collection in userland tools
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Berkeley's own networking release 2
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GPLv2 and the Lesser General Public License
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0:04:56.180,0:04:58.419
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and the Linux kernel
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a fledgling knockoff of MINIX
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created by a student
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at the University of Helsinki
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Come 1992 the BSD community was buckling up for a wild right
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Unix Systems Laboratories
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a subsidiary of AT&T
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filed suit against BSDI
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claiming that their derivative of Berkeley's NET/2
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infringed on the official the AT&T copyrights
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By 1994
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the lawsuit was settled
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largely in favor of BSDI and Cal Berkeley
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0:05:32.520,0:05:38.819
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But the impact of BSD adoption was substantial
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Hello!!
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New users gravitated to the Linux and GNU alternative
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in droves resulting in increased acceptance
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of Stallman's GPL license and GNU manifesto with
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A little bit of history under our belt we can begin to take
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a deeper look at the goals of each license
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and the means it uses
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0:06:02.479,0:06:06.699
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and I means it uses to reach those ends
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0:06:06.699,0:06:09.909
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Certainly these two licenses share some common goals
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they're both OSI approved licenses
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and suitable
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for a variety of software projects
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0:06:16.870,0:06:20.459
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Both licenses require attribution to remain intact
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typically in the form of a copyright notice within the
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license. Every developer reserves the right to point
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a completed works and take credit for their efforts
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admittedly some may choose not to
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We don't have any MySQL developers in here. do we?
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Both licenses
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both licenses convey freedoms to the user
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to use the code as he or she sees fit
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to read and learn from the code
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use the resulting binaries
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to develop your own applications
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0:06:54.470,0:06:59.960
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and stick it to your favorite three letter agencies
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0:06:59.960,0:07:02.619
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both licenses allow users
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to redistribute
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source code in binary forms
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0:07:06.979,0:07:08.930
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provided certain conditions are met
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0:07:08.930,0:07:11.949
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We'll come back to this in a few moments
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0:07:11.949,0:07:14.969
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Both licenses provide some basic disclaimers
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as a layer of protection for the developer
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against claims of liability
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0:07:21.159,0:07:22.949
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for any direct
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indirect
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incidental
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exemplary
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0:07:27.999,0:07:30.659
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That is a really hard one to get a picture of
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0:07:30.659,0:07:37.289
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or consequential damages
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Including but not limited to
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procurement of substitute goods and services
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loss of use,
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loss of data,
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loss of profits,
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or business interruption
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I'd like to say that I did this slide before this week
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anyone who knows me knows that's not true
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As we've seen both BSD and GPL licenses share
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some common freedoms
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0:08:28.599,0:08:31.839
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but as we know the devil's in the details
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I'd actually like to ask for audience participation
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in the following slides
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0:08:35.600,0:08:36.719
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this is my own experiment
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to help gauge the communities familiarity with the licenses
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I'm going to read off a phrase and I would like
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you all to tell me which license it is applicable too
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ok lets begin
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freedom for everyone
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even businesses
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BSD
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anti-capitalist socialism
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GPL
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0:09:00.560,0:09:02.210
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thank you
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0:09:02.210,0:09:04.540
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that's correct
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easy compliance BSD
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force code
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to remain open
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GPL
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world domination
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BSD
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perhaps FreeBSD
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I'll give you half credit
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shut up and hack. FreeBSD. thank you
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brief and simple
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BSD
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0:09:33.620,0:09:40.190
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complex and obtuse. FreeBSD
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0:09:42.200,0:09:44.250
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somebody hacked
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0:09:44.390,0:09:47.300
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This is not the ASP graph this is something
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0:09:47.300,0:09:49.800
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someone pointed to online it represents the word count
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0:09:49.800,0:09:55.800
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in each version of the BSD and GPL licenses
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0:10:01.790,0:10:06.270
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BSD actually goes to as you move the fourth and third classes
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0:10:11.340,0:10:15.120
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take that as you will
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0:10:15.120,0:10:17.080
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I mentioned previously that both include
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0:10:17.080,0:10:19.260
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some conditions regarding distribution
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0:10:19.260,0:10:22.860
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this in particular is where you see a real
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0:10:22.860,0:10:23.370
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diversion philosophies
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0:10:23.370,0:10:26.439
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The GPL license includes a number of terms and conditions
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0:10:26.439,0:10:28.880
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intent on restricting the sale, use
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0:10:28.880,0:10:31.130
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and redistribution of the effect it works
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0:10:31.130,0:10:34.190
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let's look at the examples
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0:10:34.190,0:10:34.689
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First
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0:10:34.689,0:10:37.610
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your allowed to copy and distribute the program source code
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0:10:37.610,0:10:39.090
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so long as you include
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0:10:39.090,0:10:40.920
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the copyright notice
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0:10:40.920,0:10:43.040
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the disclaimer of warranty
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0:10:43.040,0:10:46.460
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and any notices that refer to the license
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0:10:46.460,0:10:52.230
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I wasn't sure that anybody would get this
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0:10:52.230,0:10:55.840
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You may also charge a fee for packaging or
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0:10:55.840,0:10:57.690
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transferal of the work
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0:10:57.690,0:11:02.750
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or offer warranty protection for a fee
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0:11:02.750,0:11:07.330
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Which you may not sell the software
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0:11:07.330,0:11:10.279
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Second, you can copy or distribute any derivative works
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0:11:10.279,0:11:13.010
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providing you meet the following conditions
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0:11:13.010,0:11:17.860
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Any modified files most prominently displayed notice that
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0:11:17.860,0:11:23.160
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the files are changed it must be licensed as a whole and
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0:11:23.160,0:11:26.740
|
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no charge to any third parties and the program reads commands
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0:11:26.740,0:11:28.800
|
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interactively when run it must display an announcement
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0:11:28.800,0:11:35.800
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including a copyright notice and disclaimer of warrenty
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0:11:37.570,0:11:40.860
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Third, you may copy or distribute the code in binary form
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0:11:40.860,0:11:43.140
|
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provided you meet these conditions
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0:11:43.140,0:11:46.190
|
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you include the corresponding source code
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0:11:46.190,0:11:49.860
|
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and a written offer
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0:11:49.860,0:11:52.380
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valid for at least three years
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0:11:52.380,0:11:57.720
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to avoid any third party with a copy of the source code
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0:11:57.720,0:12:04.720
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For a fee not to exceed the cost of distributing the source code
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0:12:06.120,0:12:08.820
|
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there are other restrictions as well we have covered
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0:12:08.820,0:12:09.690
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the most intrusive ones
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0:12:09.690,0:12:16.690
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the other is man to the power of relevant gesturing
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0:12:17.680,0:12:21.500
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To be fair the BSD licenses and without its own restrictions
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0:12:21.500,0:12:26.620
|
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most of the mainstream BSD distributions such as FreeBSD,
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0:12:26.620,0:12:30.620
|
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NetBSD and DragonFly BSD
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0:12:30.620,0:12:31.950
|
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for further too cause BSD license when you code
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0:12:31.950,0:12:34.420
|
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the only BSD project goes one step further is using
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0:12:34.420,0:12:38.600
|
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the BSD like a modified ISC license with no extra causes
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0:12:38.600,0:12:42.010
|
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but again even these have a number restrictions
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0:12:42.010,0:12:42.980
|
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on users freedoms
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0:12:42.980,0:12:44.500
|
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Here's an exhaustive list
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0:12:44.500,0:12:51.500
|
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of these restrictions.
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0:12:58.040,0:13:02.640
|
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The more free licenses is the easier it is to comply with
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0:13:02.640,0:13:05.190
|
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Conversely the more complex a license becomes
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0:13:05.190,0:13:10.240
|
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the more likely it is that violations to occur
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0:13:10.240,0:13:13.250
|
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The software freedom law center
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0:13:13.250,0:13:20.150
|
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offers legal representation
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0:13:20.150,0:13:23.220
|
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the free and open source software projects
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0:13:23.220,0:13:27.820
|
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The web site will lead you to believe that they defend
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0:13:27.820,0:13:28.590
|
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the rights of all free software projects
|
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|
|
0:13:28.590,0:13:30.830
|
|
But the quick review the press releases shows that every
|
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0:13:30.830,0:13:35.560
|
|
single case that have accepted has been related to the GPL
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|
|
0:13:35.560,0:13:38.040
|
|
In fact many of you may remember last year
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|
0:13:38.040,0:13:41.570
|
|
when one of the Linux free licensed developers
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|
|
0:13:41.570,0:13:43.519
|
|
realizes straight further Open BSD strive into the GPL
|
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0:13:46.840,0:13:48.250
|
|
which is fine
|
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|
|
0:13:48.250,0:13:52.860
|
|
But they also removed copyright license notification
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|
|
0:13:52.860,0:13:55.020
|
|
The software freedom also stepped in
|
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|
|
0:13:55.020,0:13:58.570
|
|
in convince Linux developers to correct their mistakes
|
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|
|
0:13:58.570,0:14:02.570
|
|
But not until a storm of controversy was unleashed
|
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|
|
0:14:02.570,0:14:06.700
|
|
causing hardship among the Linux and BSD communities
|
|
|
|
0:14:06.700,0:14:10.170
|
|
The press releases carefully worded
|
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|
|
0:14:10.170,0:14:14.980
|
|
to make it sound
|
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|
|
0:14:14.980,0:14:16.749
|
|
to make it sound like they were betting
|
|
|
|
0:14:16.749,0:14:20.360
|
|
the open FreeBSD license for compatibility
|
|
|
|
0:14:20.360,0:14:25.420
|
|
Rather than explaining how the Linux developers had
|
|
infringed on its copyright
|
|
|
|
0:14:25.420,0:14:31.830
|
|
does anyone else smell something? fun?
|
|
|
|
0:14:31.830,0:14:35.030
|
|
Because copyrights and software laws are so complex
|
|
|
|
0:14:35.030,0:14:38.830
|
|
The number of mess cropped up regarding BSD and GPL licenses
|
|
|
|
0:14:38.830,0:14:40.640
|
|
I'd like to conclude my talk
|
|
|
|
0:14:40.640,0:14:43.740
|
|
by clearing up the theories
|
|
|
|
0:14:43.740,0:14:45.010
|
|
Myth #1
|
|
|
|
0:14:45.010,0:14:47.390
|
|
The GPL license is more free
|
|
|
|
0:14:47.390,0:14:49.610
|
|
Although places restrictions on users
|
|
|
|
0:14:49.610,0:14:51.540
|
|
the aggregate of freedom caused by
|
|
|
|
0:14:51.540,0:14:54.420
|
|
forcing users to publish their changes
|
|
|
|
0:14:54.420,0:14:59.390
|
|
results in a greater level of freedom
|
|
|
|
0:14:59.390,0:15:01.880
|
|
Fact: More restrictions always means less free
|
|
|
|
0:15:01.880,0:15:03.579
|
|
Whether you are original developer
|
|
|
|
0:15:03.579,0:15:04.620
|
|
or end user the GPL always places
|
|
|
|
0:15:04.620,0:15:08.710
|
|
additional restrictions on your copying,
|
|
|
|
0:15:08.710,0:15:09.910
|
|
modification or
|
|
|
|
0:15:09.910,0:15:12.950
|
|
redistribution of the effected works
|
|
|
|
0:15:12.950,0:15:14.520
|
|
Myth#2
|
|
|
|
0:15:14.520,0:15:16.830
|
|
BSD code can be stolen
|
|
|
|
0:15:16.830,0:15:20.350
|
|
GPL can claim because the company can take the code
|
|
|
|
0:15:20.350,0:15:22.110
|
|
and make their changes proprietary
|
|
|
|
0:15:22.110,0:15:23.439
|
|
that is somehow lessens
|
|
|
|
0:15:23.439,0:15:29.000
|
|
the freeness of the original code.
|
|
|
|
0:15:29.000,0:15:31.450
|
|
Fact: This is completing harder bullshit
|
|
|
|
0:15:31.450,0:15:34.450
|
|
The original code is always as free as original
|
|
|
|
0:15:34.450,0:15:35.060
|
|
developer chooses it to be
|
|
|
|
0:15:35.060,0:15:40.760
|
|
Not even corporations can subvert rights of other users
|
|
|
|
0:15:40.760,0:15:41.130
|
|
to the BSD license code
|
|
|
|
0:15:41.130,0:15:42.600
|
|
Myth#3
|
|
|
|
0:15:42.600,0:15:45.060
|
|
Sir Richard Stallman is a socialist
|
|
|
|
0:15:45.060,0:15:48.670
|
|
intent on destroying commercial software companies
|
|
|
|
0:15:48.670,0:15:49.830
|
|
Fact:
|
|
|
|
0:15:53.780,0:15:56.310
|
|
Richard Stallman is actually communist
|
|
|
|
0:15:56.310,0:16:00.380
|
|
intent on destroying commercial software companies
|
|
|
|
0:16:00.380,0:16:03.380
|
|
Socialism actually promotes state ownership of
|
|
|
|
0:16:03.380,0:16:03.920
|
|
means of production
|
|
|
|
0:16:03.920,0:16:05.090
|
|
rather
|
|
|
|
0:16:05.090,0:16:07.090
|
|
Stallman believes in the class of state
|
|
|
|
0:16:07.090,0:16:07.870
|
|
what he makes about the rules
|