625 lines
23 KiB
Text
625 lines
23 KiB
Text
<!-- Copyright (c) 2002, Hiten Pandya, Victoria Chan, All rights reserved.
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THIS DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
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AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
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THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE
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LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF ADVISED
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OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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-->
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<!--
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Written by Victoria Chan <vkchan@kendryl.net>. The original document can
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be found at: http://www.kendryl.net/jdk13-1.html.
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook V4.1-Based Extension//EN" [
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<!ENTITY % man PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//ENTITIES DocBook Manual Page Entities//EN">
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<!--
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URL Entities. These are in place, to allow wrapping long URLs to the 80th
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column.
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-->
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<!ENTITY wwwurl "http://www.FreeBSD.org">
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<!ENTITY ftpurl "ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org">
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<!ENTITY sunurl "http://www.sun.com">
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<!ENTITY tomcaturl "http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat">
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<!-- The Download URL is too long! :-) -->
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<!ENTITY tomcat403 "http://jakarta.apache.org/builds/jakarta-tomcat-4.0/release/v4.0.3/bin/">
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%man;
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]>
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<article>
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<!-- START of Article Metadata -->
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<articleinfo>
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<title>Java and Jakarta Tomcat on FreeBSD</title>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Victoria</firstname>
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<surname>Chan</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address><email>vkchan@kendryl.net</email></address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Hiten</firstname>
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<surname>Pandya</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address><email>hiten@uk.FreeBSD.org</email></address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<copyright>
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<year>2002</year>
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<holder role="mailto:vkchan@kendryl.net">Victoria Chan</holder>
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<holder role="mailto:hiten@uk.FreeBSD.org">Hiten Pandya</holder>
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</copyright>
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<pubdate>$FreeBSD$</pubdate>
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<abstract>
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<para>This document is presented in hopes of making it easier for
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anyone that needs to get Java up and running on FreeBSD, with the
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least amount of aggravation. Plan on spending a whole day on such
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a project as it will take time to assemble all the pieces and
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compile them individually, and then as a whole. It also shows how
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to install the famous Jakarta Tomcat Servlet and JSP container on
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the FreeBSD operating system.</para>
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</abstract>
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</articleinfo>
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<!-- END of Article Metadata-->
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<sect1>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>The Java programming language was birthed on <literal>May 23rd
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1995</literal>. One would expect that after all this time, Java
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applications would be easy to install and ready to run from a single
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package, or port on FreeBSD, thus making it available for the
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<quote>masses</quote>. This is not the case, unfortunately, as
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the Java distribution is held very closely by Sun Microsystems,
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and prohibits re-distribution. All Java Applets must be compiled
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from source code, together with the Java Development Kit from Sun
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Microsystems. All these ingredients must be blended together in
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the right order, assembled, and compiled by the end user. With
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such distribution philosophies at heart, it is my opinion that
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Java will always be developer or hacker use only. I certainly
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found this to be true when I needed to serve up some
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<filename>.jsp</filename> pages for a client on my web server,
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and needed to get <filename
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role="package">www/jakarta-tomcat</filename> to work with
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<filename role="package">www/apache13</filename> on my FreeBSD
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system.</para>
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<para>The Tomcat portion of the install is very straight forward, but
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the difficulty I had was getting Java Development Kit up and
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running for FreeBSD 4.X, as Sun Microsystems only supplies
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Binaries for Linux, Solaris, and Windows NT. This means that I
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had to compile my own JDK for FreeBSD. I began by searching for
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documentation on the Internet. I quickly found that there is more
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source code than I need along with patches to the source code, but
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very little documentation of what to do after obtaining
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everything.</para>
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<para>In this article, you will find how to install the Java
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Development Kit for FreeBSD, and how to get up and running with
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Tomcat. A <xref linkend="ref"> section is also provided for
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further reading.</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1>
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<title>The Java Environment</title>
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<para>Ensure that you have the current ports collection as
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<command>make</command> it will fail if it attempts to build older
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source. You can upgrade your entire ports collection by using
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<application>CVSup</application>. See <ulink
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url="../../books/handbook/cvsup.html"></ulink>
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for more information. You can also download the ports you need
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manually from <ulink
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url="&ftpurl;/pub/FreeBSD/ports/"></ulink> to
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get you going.</para>
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<note>
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<para>You will need the <literal>Linux Emulation</literal>
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(Linux-ABI) enabled in your kernel configuration. Simply add
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the following option to your kernel configuration file and
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recompile it. Instructions for building a kernel can be found
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in the
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<ulink URL="../../books/handbook/">FreeBSD Handbook</ulink>.</para>
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<programlisting>options COMPAT_LINUX</programlisting>
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<para>The above option will add Linux-ABI support to your
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kernel, when it is recompiled.</para>
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</note>
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<para>The list of dependencies below, are required to be installed
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manually in a certain order. Dependencies that are automatically
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downloaded are not listed here.</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">java/jdk13</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">java/linux-jdk13</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">archivers/gtar</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">archivers/bzip2</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">archivers/unzip</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename role="package">archivers/zip</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>You will need to get the following:</para>
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<procedure>
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<step>
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<para>Download <filename>bsd-jdk131-patches-5.tar.gz</filename>
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from <ulink
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url="http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsddom/java/jdk13.html"></ulink>
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and place it under <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Next get out your web browser and head on over to
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<ulink url="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/download-linux.html"></ulink>
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and find SDK downloads. Click on the <quote>continue</quote>
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button below <quote>GNUZIP Tar Shell Script</quote>. Be sure
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you read every word of the license page before you click on
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the <quote>Accept</quote> button! You will be brought to a
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page titled <quote>Download Java(TM) 2 SDK, Standard Edition
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1.3.1_02</quote>. Scroll to the bottom and click on the
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<quote>HTTP download</quote> button. When the <quote>File
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Download</quote> box comes up, be sure to click on the
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<quote>Open</quote> button rather than the <quote>Save</quote>
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button. You will be presented with another <quote>File
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Download</quote> box - this time choose <quote>Save</quote>
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and you will be able to save <filename>j2sdk-1_3_1_02-linux-i386.bin</filename>.
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Place it in <filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Go to <ulink
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url="http://www.sun.com/software/java2/download.html"></ulink>.
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In the table under <literal>Produce Description</literal>,
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named <literal>Java 2 SDK 1.3.1</literal>, go to the
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right-hand cell and click <quote>download</quote>. You will
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be taken to the <quote>Sign On</quote> page, where you must
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sign in if you already have an account, or register for
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access. Once you have signed on, you will be taken to the
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<quote>Legal</quote> page, where you must accept the license
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agreement; scroll down (reading the license) and click on the
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<quote>Continue</quote> button. Next page, is the
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<quote>Receipt</quote> page. This is where you will save your
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order number. You will be able to choose the location that is
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nearest to you. Click on <quote>Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition,
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version 1.3.1</quote>. Save the
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<filename>j2sdk-1_3_1-src.tar.gz</filename> to the
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<filename>/usr/ports/distfiles/</filename> directory.</para>
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</step>
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</procedure>
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<note>
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<para>It is very important for you to read the License Agreement
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which has been issued by Sun Microsystems Corp. There are
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several restrictions in place on the use of Java, which you must
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address. The FreeBSD Project does not take any responsibilities
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for your actions.</para>
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<para>Do not discard any of the downloaded files, as they will be
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needed for building some of the native ports for FreeBSD, which
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are discussed later on.</para>
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</note>
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<para>Now that you have assembled all the source files and ports,
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you need to start by building <filename
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role="package">java/linux-jdk13</filename>:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/archivers/gtar; make all install clean
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&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/archivers/unzip; make all install clean
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&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/archivers/zip; make all install clean</screen>
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<para>And finally:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/java/linux-jdk13
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&prompt.root; make all install clean</screen>
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<para>Once you have built <filename
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role="package">java/linux-jdk13</filename>, you need to test it, to
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make sure it works as intended. To do that:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/linux-jdk1.3.1/bin
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&prompt.root; ./java -version</screen>
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<para>The output of the above command should be as follows:</para>
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<programlisting>java version "1.3.1_02"
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Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.3.1_02-b02)
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Classic VM (build 1.3.1_02-b02, green threads, nojit)</programlisting>
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<para>If you did not get the correct response, you need to:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/java/linux-jdk13
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&prompt.root; make deinstall</screen>
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<para>And make sure that <filename>/usr/local</filename> does not
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contain a <filename>linux-jdk1.3.1</filename> directory. If you
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find a fragment of the directory, delete it. Repeat the
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build and install process for <filename
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role="package">java/linux-jdk13</filename>.</para>
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<para>To make the native <literal>Java Development Kit
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1.3.1</literal> for FreeBSD, do the following:</para>
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<procedure>
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<step>
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<para>Make sure you have the
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<filename>j2sdk-1_3_1-src.tar.gz</filename> file in your
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<filename>/usr/ports/distfiles</filename>. This file is needed
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for applying the <quote>patch-sets</quote> discussed below.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>You will need to download the <literal>patch set</literal>
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for building the port. The patch-set file is called
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<filename>bsd-jdk131-patches-6.tar.gz</filename>. You should
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also make sure the integrity of the files by matching it with
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the following <acronym>MD5</acronym> checksum.</para>
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<programlisting>
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MD5 (bsd-jdk131-patches-6.tar.gz) = 9cade10b81d6034fdd2176bef32bdbf9</programlisting>
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<para>The patch-set is available from: <ulink
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url="http://www.eyesbeyond.com/freebsddom/java/index.html"></ulink></para>
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</step>
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</procedure>
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<para>The last procedure discussed above (building the native
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<literal>jdk</literal>) will take some time.</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1>
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<title>Jakarta Tomcat Setup</title>
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<sect2>
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<title>Overview</title>
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<para>Java is becoming an even more popular for making diverse
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and scalable platform independent solutions. One of the most
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growing needs of Java is in the <acronym>ASP</acronym> (Application
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Service Provider) market. Java serves as the perfect
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solution for these types of markets, with the following
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advantages:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Platform Independence</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Industry Wide Commitment</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Scalability</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Reliable Performance</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Distributed, Multi-threaded, Secure etc.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>A very important and growing technology which has emerged
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from Java is <acronym>JSP</acronym> (JavaServer Pages).</para>
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<para><acronym>JSP</acronym> (JavaServer Pages) is a server-side
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technology introduced by <literal>Sun Microsystems
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Corp.</literal>, which provides a quick simple way to generate
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dynamic content from within <acronym>HTML</acronym> pages. It
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uses <acronym>XML</acronym> tags along with Java scriptlets to
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encapsulate and separate the logic from the design and display.
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When a <acronym>JSP</acronym> page is invoked, it is dynamically
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converted into a Servlet and processed by the server to produce
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the resulting <acronym>HTML/XML</acronym> page for the client.
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When <acronym>JSP</acronym> is used in conjunction with
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JavaBeans, it is possible to produce very diverse and scalable
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applications, which may be combined with the strength and
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performance of FreeBSD.</para>
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<para><application>Tomcat</application> is an open-source
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implementation of the Java Servlets and JavaServer Pages
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technologies, developed under the Jakarta project at the Apache
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Software Foundation. Tomcat implements a new Servlet framework
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(called Catalina) that is based on completely new architecture
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with the Servlet 2.3 and <acronym>JSP</acronym> 1.2
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specifications. It includes many additional features that make
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it a useful platform for developing and deploying web
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applications and web services. In a nutshell, Tomcat is an
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application server written in 100% Pure Java.</para>
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<para>Tomcat is used for many purposes, and is not limited to
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Application Servers. It provides an open platform to develop
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extensible web and content management services. When Tomcat is
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used with an optimized FreeBSD system, it can provide highly
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reliable and fast pacing services.</para>
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<para>Please refer to the <xref linkend="ref"> section for more
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information on Tomcat and <acronym>JSP</acronym>. The next
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section will demonstrate how to build the <quote>Tomcat
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Environment</quote> for FreeBSD. The version of Tomcat used in
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this guide is <literal>4.0.3</literal>. This version contains
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major bug fixes, and the following updates/changes:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>JSP 1.2 Specification</literal></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>Java Servlet 2.3 Specification</literal></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><literal>Full backward compatibility with the Java Servlet
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2.2 and JSP 1.1 Specification</literal></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>The Tomcat environment for FreeBSD</title>
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<para>It is very simple to install Tomcat on a FreeBSD machine,
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after setting up the necessary Java environment, which we have
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previously completed.</para>
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<para>In-order to setup Tomcat on FreeBSD, follow the below
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procedure:</para>
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<procedure>
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<step>
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<para>Follow the above steps to setup the necessary Java
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environment.</para>
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</step>
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<step>
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<para>Set an environment variable <envar>JAVA_HOME</envar>
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which, points to the directory where you have installed the
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JDK (the examples below point to a native build of the
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JDK). If you are using &man.sh.1; as your shell, you can set
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<envar>JAVA_HOME</envar> with:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; export JAVA_HOME="/usr/local/jdk1.3.1"</screen>
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<para>Those who use &man.csh.1; or a compatible shell, must use a
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slightly different command:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; setenv JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.3.1</screen>
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<para>This environment variable should be made permanent by
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adding it into either <filename>.profile</filename> or
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<filename>.cshrc</filename>, depending on the shell you are
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using. This variable is very crucial for the functioning of
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all the Java based programs, including Tomcat itself.</para>
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</step>
|
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<step>
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<para>Download the Tomcat <quote>binary distribution</quote>
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from the Jakarta website, which is located at
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<literal><ulink url="&tomcat403"></ulink></literal>. The
|
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file to download is called
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<filename>jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3.tar.gz</filename>.</para>
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</step>
|
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<step>
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<para>The compressed and archived file we downloaded in the
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previous step uses special <quote>GNU Extensions</quote>.
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In-order to untar and uncompress the file, we will need to
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install <literal>GNU Tar (<filename
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role="package">archivers/gtar</filename>)</literal>, by
|
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doing the following:</para>
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|
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<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/ports/archivers/gtar && make all install clean</screen>
|
|
</step>
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|
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<step>
|
|
<para>Un-tar and Un-compress the
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<filename>jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3.tar.gz</filename> file into
|
|
the <filename>/usr/local</filename> directory and rename the
|
|
directory to <filename>tomcat-4.0</filename> for ease of
|
|
reference:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local
|
|
&prompt.root; gtar zxvf jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3.tar.gz
|
|
&prompt.root; ls jakarta*
|
|
jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3
|
|
&prompt.root; mv jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3 tomcat-4.0</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>You can remove the
|
|
<filename>jakarta-tomcat-4.0.3.tar.gz</filename> at your
|
|
preference.</para>
|
|
</step>
|
|
</procedure>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para><literal>Installation by using the source code is currently
|
|
out of scope for this document. Please refer to the following
|
|
files for addition information on building from source,
|
|
available from your Tomcat distribution
|
|
directory:</literal></para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><filename>/usr/local/tomcat-4.0/README.txt</filename></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para><filename>/usr/local/tomcat-4.0/BUILDING.txt</filename></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Operating Tomcat - Basics</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Now that we have finished installing Tomcat. The following
|
|
example shows how to start the Tomcat server:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/tomcat-4.0/bin
|
|
&prompt.root; ./startup.sh (for starting Tomcat)</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>You can test if your Tomcat server has started by visiting
|
|
the following URL: <literal>http://127.0.0.1:8080</literal> or
|
|
<literal>http://localhost:8080</literal>. To stop
|
|
Tomcat:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/tomcat-4.0/bin
|
|
&prompt.root; ./shutdown.sh</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>(for stopping Tomcat)</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <filename>startup.sh</filename> and
|
|
<filename>shutdown.sh</filename> are frontends to the
|
|
<filename>catalina.sh</filename> executable script in the same
|
|
directory; if you would like to start Tomcat automatically at
|
|
boot-time run:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/etc/rc.d
|
|
&prompt.root; ln -s /usr/local/tomcat-4.0/bin/catalina.sh</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Edit the <filename>catalina.sh</filename>, and add the
|
|
following at the beginning of the file (after the comment
|
|
box):</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.3.1</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>If your port <literal>8080</literal> is occupied by some other
|
|
service, you can change it by editing the
|
|
<filename>server.xml</filename> in your Tomcat's
|
|
<filename>conf/</filename> directory. In the example below, the
|
|
port will be changed to 80, assuming there is no service running
|
|
on that port.</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>&prompt.root; cd /usr/local/tomcat-4.0/conf
|
|
&prompt.root; fgrep -n 8080 server.xml
|
|
~65: By default, a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector is established on port 8080.
|
|
~89: port="8080" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="75"
|
|
&prompt.root; cat server.xml | sed s/8080/80/ > server.xml.new
|
|
&prompt.root; mv server.xml.new server.xml</screen>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="ref" xreflabel="reference">
|
|
<title>Reference</title>
|
|
|
|
<informaltable>
|
|
<tgroup cols="1">
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink url="&wwwurl;/java">The FreeBSD Java Project</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink url="http://java.sun.com">JavaSoft. Home of Java</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink
|
|
url="&sunurl;/software/communitysource/java2/licensing.html">The
|
|
Sun Community Source Licensing for Java</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink url="&tomcaturl">Jakarta Tomcat Homepage</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink url="http://java.sun.com/docs/index.html">J2SE
|
|
Documentation</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<ulink url="&wwwurl;/ports/java.html">FreeBSD Ports - Java
|
|
Section</ulink>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</informaltable>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Conclusion</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Finally, we are at the end of the article and have a working
|
|
version of Tomcat. We hope that you have learned the basics of
|
|
installing and building the Java Development Kit on FreeBSD,
|
|
along with installation of the Tomcat binary distribution
|
|
application server released by the Apache Software Foundation.
|
|
The <xref linkend="ref"> section contains pointers to additional
|
|
resources on this topic, some which are in print, some which are
|
|
on the World Wide Web, or both.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The most important thing is drive space. I suggest having
|
|
<literal>700MB</literal> or more free space in
|
|
<filename>/usr</filename>. I hope this article has helped you
|
|
in some small way. For questions, comments, compliments, or
|
|
rants, please direct them to <ulink
|
|
url="mailto:vkchan@kendryl.net">Victoria Chan</ulink>.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</article>
|