doc/zh_TW.UTF-8/books/handbook/preface/preface.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
     $FreeBSD$
     Original revision: r46055
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<preface xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:id="book-preface">
  <title>序</title>

  <bridgehead xml:id="preface-audience" renderas="sect1">給讀者的話</bridgehead>

  <para>若您是第一次接觸 FreeBSD 的新手，可以在本書第一部分找到 FreeBSD 的安裝方法，同時會逐步介紹 &unix;
    的基礎概念與一些常用、共通的東西。而閱讀這部分並不難，只需要您有探索的精神和接受新概念。</para>

  <para>讀完這些之後，手冊中的第二部分花很長篇幅介紹的各種廣泛主題，相當值得系統管理者去注意。
  	在閱讀這些章節的內容時所需要的背景知識，都註釋在該章的大綱裡面，若不熟的話，可在閱讀前先預習一番。</para>

  <para>延伸閱讀方面，可參閱 <xref linkend="bibliography"/>。</para>

  <bridgehead xml:id="preface-changes-from2" renderas="sect1">第三版的主要修訂</bridgehead>

  <para>您目前看到的這本手冊第三版是 FreeBSD 文件計劃的成員歷時兩年完成的心血之作。
  	新版的主要修訂部分，如下：</para>

  <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="config-tuning"/>, 設定與效能調校(Tuning)，該章節針對新內容作更新，比如：
	  ACPI 電源管理、cron、以及其他更多的 kernel tuning 選項說明內容。</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="security"/>, 系統安全篇，該章節增加了虛擬私人網路(VPN)、檔案系統的存取控制(ACL)，以及安全公告(Security
	  Advisories)的內容。</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="mac"/>, 集權式存取控制(MAC)是本版所增加的章節。本章介紹：什麼是 MAC 機制？以及如何運用它來使您的 FreeBSD 系統更安全。</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="disks"/>, 儲存設備篇，新增了像是：USB 隨身碟、檔案系統快照(snapshot)、檔案系統配額(quota)
	、檔案及網路的備援檔案系統、以及如何對硬碟分割區作加密等詳解。</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="ppp-and-slip"/>PPP 及 SLIP 一章中增加了故障排除的說明。</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="mail"/>電子郵件一章中新增有關如何使用其它的 MTA 程式、SMTP 認証、UUCP、fecthmail、procmail 的運用以及其它進階專題。</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="network-servers"/>, 網路伺服器篇，是新版中全新的一章。這一章介紹了如何架設 Apache HTTP 伺服器、FTPd，以及用於支援
	  Microsoft Windows client 的 Samba 伺服器。其中有些段落來自原先的<xref linkend="advanced-networking"/>進階網路應用一章。</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="advanced-networking"/>進階網路應用一章新增有關在 FreeBSD 中使用藍芽設備、安裝無線網路以及使用 ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
	  網路的介紹。</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>增加了一份詞彙表(Glossary)，用以說明全書中出現的術語。</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>重新美編書中所列的圖表。</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

  <bridgehead xml:id="preface-changes" renderas="sect1">第二版的主要修訂</bridgehead>

    <para>本手冊的第二版是 FreeBSD 文件計劃的成員歷時兩年完成的心血之作。第二版包含了如下的主要變動︰</para>

<!-- Talk a little about justification and other stylesheet changes? -->

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
	<para>增加完整的目錄索引。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>所有的 ASCII 圖表均改成圖檔格式的圖表。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>每個章節均加入概述，以便快速的瀏覽該章節內容摘要、讀者所欲了解的部分。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>內容架構重新組織成三大部分: <quote>開始使用 FreeBSD</quote>, <quote>系統管理</quote>, and
	<quote>附錄</quote>。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="basics"/>(<quote>&unix; 基礎概念篇</quote>)新增了 processes, daemons
	和 signals 的介紹。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="ports"/> (<quote>軟體套件管理篇</quote>)新增了介紹如何管理 binary package 套件的資訊。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="x11"/> (<quote>X Window 視窗系統篇</quote>) 經過全面改寫，著重於在 &xfree86; 4.X 上的流行 x11-wm，像是：
	  <application>KDE</application> 和 <application>GNOME</application> 。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="boot"/> (<quote>FreeBSD 開機流程篇</quote>)更新相關內容。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para><xref linkend="disks"/> (<quote>儲存設備篇(Storage)</quote>) 分別以兩個章節 <quote>Disks</quote>
        與 <quote>Backups</quote> 來撰寫。我們認為這樣子會比單一章節來得容易瞭解。還有關於 RAID(包含硬體、軟體RAID) 的段落也新增上去了。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="serialcomms"/>(<quote>Serial 通訊篇</quote>)架構重新改寫，並更新至 FreeBSD 4.X/5.X 的內容。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="ppp-and-slip"/> (<quote>PPP 及 SLIP</quote>)有相當程度的更新。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="advanced-networking"/>(<quote>進階網路應用篇</quote>)加入許多新內容。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="mail"/> (<quote>電子郵件篇</quote>)大量新增了設定 <application>sendmail</application> 的介紹。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para><xref linkend="linuxemu"/> (<quote>&linux; 相容篇</quote>) 增加許多有關安裝
	  <application>&oracle;</application> 及
	<application>&sap.r3;</application> 的介紹。</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
	<para>此外，第二版還新加章節，以介紹下列專題：</para>
	<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para><xref linkend="config-tuning"/>, 設定與效能調校(Tuning)。</para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
           <para><xref linkend="multimedia"/>, 多媒體影音娛樂(Multimedia)。</para>
	  </listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

  <bridgehead xml:id="preface-overview" renderas="sect1">本書架構</bridgehead>

  <para>本書主要分為五大部分，第一部份『開始使用』：介紹 FreeBSD 的安裝、基本操作。
  讀者可根據自己的程度，循序或者跳過一些熟悉的主題來閱讀；
  第二部分『常用操作』：介紹 FreeBSD 常用功能，這部分可以不按順序來讀。
  每章前面都會有概述，概述會描述本章節涵蓋的內容和讀者應該已知的，
  這主要是讓讀者可以挑喜歡的章節閱讀；
  第三部分『系統管理』：介紹 FreeBSD 老手所感興趣的各種專題部分；
  第四部分『網路通訊』：則包括網路和各式 Server 專題；而第五部分『附錄』：是各種有關 FreeBSD 的資源。</para>

  <variablelist>

<!-- Part I - Introduction -->

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="introduction"/>, 簡介篇</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>向新手介紹 FreeBSD。該篇說明了 FreeBSD 計劃的歷史、目標和開發模式。</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="basics"/>, &unix; 基礎概念篇</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Covers the basic commands and functionality of the
	FreeBSD operating system.  If you are familiar with &linux; or
	another flavor of &unix; then you can probably skip this
	chapter.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="ports"/>, 軟體套件管理篇</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Covers the installation of third-party software with
	both FreeBSD's innovative <quote>Ports Collection</quote> and standard
	binary packages.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="x11"/>, X Window 視窗系統篇</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Describes the X Window System in general and using
	X11 on FreeBSD in particular.  Also describes common
	desktop environments such as <application>KDE</application> and <application>GNOME</application>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

<!-- Part II Common Tasks -->

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="desktop"/>, Desktop Applications</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
        <para>Lists some common desktop applications, such as web browsers
         and productivity suites, and describes how to install them on
         FreeBSD.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="multimedia"/>, Multimedia</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
      <para>Shows how to set up sound and video playback support for your
      system.  Also describes some sample audio and video applications.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="kernelconfig"/>, Configuring the FreeBSD
      Kernel</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Explains why you might need to configure a new kernel
	and provides detailed instructions for configuring, building,
	and installing a custom kernel.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="printing"/>, 列印篇</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Describes managing printers on FreeBSD, including
	information about banner pages, printer accounting, and
	initial setup.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="linuxemu"/>, &linux; Binary Compatibility</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Describes the &linux; compatibility features of FreeBSD.
	Also provides detailed installation instructions for many
	popular &linux; applications such as <application>&oracle;</application>, <application>&sap.r3;</application>, and
	  <application>&mathematica;</application>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

<!-- Part III - System Administration -->

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref
	    linkend="config-tuning"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Describes the parameters available for system
	  administrators to tune a &os; system for optimum
	  performance.  Also describes the various configuration files
	  used in &os; and where to find them.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="boot"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Describes the &os; boot process and explains how to
	  control this process with configuration options.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="security"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Describes many different tools available to help keep
	  your &os; system secure, including Kerberos, IPsec and
	  OpenSSH.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="jails"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Describes the jails framework, and the improvements of
	  jails over the traditional chroot support of &os;.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="mac"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Explains what Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is and
	  how this mechanism can be used to secure a &os;
	  system.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="audit"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Describes what &os; Event Auditing is, how it can be
	  installed, configured, and how audit trails can be inspected
	  or monitored.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="disks"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Describes how to manage storage media and filesystems
	  with &os;.  This includes physical disks, RAID arrays,
	  optical and tape media, memory-backed disks, and network
	  filesystems.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="geom"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Describes what the GEOM framework in &os; is and how
	  to configure various supported RAID levels.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="filesystems"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Examines support of non-native file systems in &os;,
	  like the Z File System from &sun;.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref
	    linkend="virtualization"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Describes what virtualization systems offer, and how
	  they can be used with &os;.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="l10n"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Describes how to use &os; in languages other than
	  English.  Covers both system and application level
	  localization.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref
	    linkend="updating-upgrading"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Explains the differences between &os;-STABLE,
	  &os;-CURRENT, and &os; releases.  Describes which users
	  would benefit from tracking a development system and
	  outlines that process.  Covers the methods users may take
	  to update their system to the latest security
	  release.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="dtrace"/></emphasis></term>

      <listitem>
	<para>Describes how to configure and use the &dtrace; tool
	  from &sun; in &os;.  Dynamic tracing can help locate
	  performance issues, by performing real time system
	  analysis.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

<!-- Part IV - Network Communications -->

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="serialcomms"/>, Serial Communications</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Explains how to connect terminals and modems to your
  	FreeBSD system for both dial in and dial out connections.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="ppp-and-slip"/>, PPP and SLIP</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Describes how to use PPP, SLIP, or PPP over Ethernet to
	connect to remote systems with FreeBSD.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="mail"/>, Electronic Mail</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Explains the different components of an email server and
	dives into simple configuration topics for the most popular
	mail server software:
	<application>sendmail</application>.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="network-servers"/>, Network Servers</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Provides detailed instructions and example configuration
	  files to set up your FreeBSD machine as a network filesystem
	  server, domain name server, network information system
	  server, or time synchronization server.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="firewalls"/>, Firewalls</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
        <para>Explains the philosophy behind software-based firewalls and
          provides detailed information about the configuration of the
          different firewalls available for FreeBSD.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="advanced-networking"/>, Advanced Networking</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Describes many networking topics, including sharing an
	Internet connection with other computers on your LAN, advanced
	routing topics, wireless networking, bluetooth, ATM, IPv6, and
	much more.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

<!-- Part V - Appendices -->

    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="mirrors"/>, Obtaining FreeBSD </emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Lists different sources for obtaining FreeBSD media on CDROM
	or DVD as well as different sites on the Internet that allow
	you to download and install FreeBSD.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="bibliography"/>, Bibliography </emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>This book touches on many different subjects that may
	leave you hungry for a more detailed explanation.  The
	bibliography lists many excellent books that are referenced in
	the text.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="eresources"/>, Resources on the Internet</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Describes the many forums available for FreeBSD users to
	post questions and engage in technical conversations about
	FreeBSD.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis><xref linkend="pgpkeys"/>, PGP Keys</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>Lists the PGP fingerprints of several FreeBSD Developers.</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>

  <bridgehead xml:id="preface-conv" renderas="sect1">本書的編排體裁</bridgehead>

    <para>為方便閱讀本書，以下是一些本書所遵循的編排體裁：</para>

  <bridgehead xml:id="preface-conv-typographic" renderas="sect2">文字編排體裁</bridgehead>

  <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><emphasis>斜體字(Italic)</emphasis></term>
      <listitem>
	<para><emphasis>斜體字型(Italic)</emphasis> 用於：檔名、目錄、網址(URL)、
	  強調語氣、以及第一次提及的技術詞彙。</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><literal>定寬字(Monospace)</literal></term>
      <listitem>
	  <para><literal>定寬字(Monospace)</literal> 用於：
	  錯誤訊息、指令、環境變數、port 名稱、主機名稱(hostname)、帳號、群組、設備(device)名稱、變數、
	  程式碼等。</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
      <term><application>粗體字型(Bold)</application></term>
      <listitem>
	<para>以<application>粗體字</application>表示：應用程式、命令、按鍵。</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
  </variablelist>

<!-- Var list -->
  <bridgehead xml:id="preface-conv-commands" renderas="sect2">使用者輸入</bridgehead>

  <para>鍵盤輸入以 <keycap>粗體字(Bold)</keycap> 表示，以便與一般文字做區隔。
      組合鍵是指同時按下一些按鍵，我們以 `<literal>+</literal>' 來表示連接，像是：</para>

  <para>
    <keycombo action="simul">
      <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
      <keycap>Alt</keycap>
      <keycap>Del</keycap>
    </keycombo>
  </para>

  <para>也就是說，一起按 <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> 鍵、
    <keycap>Alt</keycap> 鍵，以及 <keycap>Del</keycap> 鍵。</para>

  <para>若要逐一按鍵，那麼會以逗號(,)來表示，像是：</para>

  <para>
    <keycombo action="simul">
      <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
      <keycap>X</keycap>
    </keycombo>,
    <keycombo action="simul">
      <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
      <keycap>S</keycap>
    </keycombo>
  </para>

  <para>也就是說：先同時按下 <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> 與 <keycap>X</keycap> 鍵，
    然後放開後再同時按 <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> 與 <keycap>S</keycap> 鍵。</para>

<!-- How to type in key stokes, etc.. -->
  <bridgehead xml:id="preface-conv-examples" renderas="sect2">舉個實例</bridgehead>

  <para>下面例子以 <filename>E:\&gt;</filename>
  為開頭的代表 &ms-dos; 指令部分。  若沒有特殊情況的話，這些指令應該是在 &microsoft.windows; 環境的
  <quote>命令提示字元(Command Prompt)</quote> 內執行。</para>

  <screen><prompt>E:\&gt;</prompt> <userinput>tools\fdimage floppies\kern.flp A:</userinput></screen>

  <para>例子若是先以 &prompt.root; 為開頭再接指令的話，就是指在 FreeBSD 中以 root 權限來下命令。
    你可以先以 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>登入系統並下指令，或是以你自己的帳號登入，並使用
    &man.su.1; 來取得 root 權限。</para>

  <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0</userinput></screen>

  <para>例子若是先以 &prompt.user; 為開頭再接指令的話，就是指在 FreeBSD 中以一般帳號來下命令即可。
    除非有提到其他用法，否則都是預設為 C-shell(csh/tcsh) 語法，用來設定環境變數以及下其他指令的意思。</para>

  <screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>top</userinput></screen>

  <bridgehead xml:id="preface-acknowledgements" renderas="sect1">致謝</bridgehead>

  <para>您所看到的這本書是經過數百個分散在世界各地的人所努力而來的結果。
    無論他們只是糾正一些錯誤或提交完整的章節，所有的點滴貢獻都是非常寶貴有用的。</para>

  <para>也有一些公司透過提供資金讓作者專注於撰稿、提供出版資金等模式來支持文件的寫作。
    其中，BSDi (之後併入 <link xlink:href="http://www.windriver.com">Wind River Systems</link>)
    資助 FreeBSD 文件計劃成員來專職改善這本書直到 2000 年 3 月第一版的出版。(ISBN 1-57176-241-8)
    Wind River Systems 同時資助其他作者來對輸出架構做很多改進，以及給文章增加一些附加章節。這項工作結束於
    2001 年 11 月第二版。(ISBN 1-57176-303-1)
    在 2003-2004 兩年中，<link xlink:href="http://www.freebsdmall.com">FreeBSD Mall</link> 把報酬支付給改進這本手冊以使第三版印刷版本能夠出版的志工。
</para>

</preface>