950 lines
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950 lines
45 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org" />
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<title>FreeBSD/sparc64 6.4-RELEASE Installation Instructions</title>
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79" />
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<link rel="STYLESHEET" type="text/css" href="docbook.css" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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</head>
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<body class="ARTICLE" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084"
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alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="ARTICLE">
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<div class="TITLEPAGE">
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<h1 class="TITLE"><a id="AEN2" name="AEN2">FreeBSD/sparc64 6.4-RELEASE Installation
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Instructions</a></h1>
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<h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Project</h3>
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<p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 The
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FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
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<hr />
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</div>
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<blockquote class="ABSTRACT">
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<div class="ABSTRACT"><a id="AEN14" name="AEN14"></a>
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<p>This article gives some brief instructions on installing FreeBSD/sparc64 6.4-RELEASE,
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with particular emphasis given to obtaining a FreeBSD distribution. Some notes on
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troubleshooting and frequently-asked questions are also given.</p>
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</div>
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</blockquote>
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<div class="SECT1">
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<hr />
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<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="INSTALL" name="INSTALL">1 Installing FreeBSD</a></h2>
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<p>This section documents the process of installing a new distribution of FreeBSD. These
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instructions pay particular emphasis to the process of obtaining the FreeBSD 6.4-RELEASE
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distribution and to beginning the installation procedure. The <a
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href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install.html"
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target="_top">“Installing FreeBSD”</a> chapter of the <a
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href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/" target="_top">FreeBSD
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Handbook</a> provides more in-depth information about the installation program itself,
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including a guided walkthrough with screenshots.</p>
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<p>If you are upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, please see <a
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href="#UPGRADING">Section 3</a> for instructions on upgrading.</p>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<hr />
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<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="GETTING-STARTED" name="GETTING-STARTED">1.1 Getting
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Started</a></h3>
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<p>Probably the most important pre-installation step that can be taken is that of reading
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the various instruction documents provided with FreeBSD. A roadmap of documents
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pertaining to this release of FreeBSD can be found in <tt
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class="FILENAME">README.TXT</tt>, which can usually be found in the same location as this
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file; most of these documents, such as the release notes and the hardware compatibility
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list, are also accessible in the Documentation menu of the installer.</p>
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<p>Note that on-line versions of the FreeBSD <a
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href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/" target="_top">FAQ</a> and <a
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href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
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target="_top">Handbook</a> are also available from the <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/"
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target="_top">FreeBSD Project Web site</a>, if you have an Internet connection.</p>
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<p>This collection of documents may seem daunting, but the time spent reading them will
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likely be saved many times over. Being familiar with what resources are available can
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also be helpful in the event of problems during installation.</p>
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<p>The best laid plans sometimes go awry, so if you run into trouble take a look at <a
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href="#TROUBLE">Section 4</a>, which contains valuable troubleshooting information. You
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should also read an updated copy of <tt class="FILENAME">ERRATA.TXT</tt> before
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installing, since this will alert you to any problems which have reported in the interim
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for your particular release.</p>
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<div class="IMPORTANT">
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<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
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<p><b>Important:</b> While FreeBSD does its best to safeguard against accidental loss of
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data, it's still more than possible to <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">wipe
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out your entire disk</i></span> with this installation if you make a mistake. Please do
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not proceed to the final FreeBSD installation menu unless you've adequately backed up any
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important data first.</p>
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</blockquote>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<hr />
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<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN39" name="AEN39">1.2 Hardware Requirements</a></h3>
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<p>FreeBSD for the UltraSPARC supports the platforms described in <tt
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class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt>.</p>
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<p>You will need a dedicated disk for FreeBSD/sparc64. It is not possible to share a disk
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with another operating system at this time.</p>
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<p>If you are not familiar with configuring hardware for FreeBSD, you should be sure to
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read the <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> file; it contains important information
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on what hardware is supported by FreeBSD.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<hr />
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<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="FLOPPIES" name="FLOPPIES">1.3 Floppy Disk Image
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Instructions</a></h3>
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<p>Floppy disk based install is not supported on FreeBSD/sparc64.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<hr />
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<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="START-INSTALLATION" name="START-INSTALLATION">1.4 Installing
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FreeBSD from CDROM or the Internet</a></h3>
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<p>Most sparc64 systems are set up to boot automatically from disk. To install FreeBSD,
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you need to boot over the network or from a CDROM, which requires you to break into the
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PROM (OpenFirmware).</p>
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<p>To do this, reboot the system, and wait until the boot message appears. It depends on
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the model, but should look about like:</p>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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Sun Blade 100 (UltraSPARC-IIe), Keyboard Present
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Copyright 1998-2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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OpenBoot 4.2, 128 MB memory installed, Serial #51090132.
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Ethernet address 0:3:ba:b:92:d4, Host ID: 830b92d4.
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</pre>
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<p>If your system proceeds to boot from disk at this point, you need to press <b
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class="KEYCAP">L1</b>+<b class="KEYCAP">A</b> or <b class="KEYCAP">Stop</b>+<b
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class="KEYCAP">A</b> on the keyboard, or send a <tt class="COMMAND">BREAK</tt> over the
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serial console (using for example <tt class="COMMAND">~#</tt> in <a
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href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tip&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
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<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tip</span>(1)</span></a> or <a
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href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cu&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE"><span
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class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">cu</span>(1)</span></a>) to get to the
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PROM prompt. It looks like this:</p>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">ok </samp> <a id="PROMPT-SINGLE"
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name="PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a>
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<samp class="PROMPT">ok {0}</samp> <a id="PROMPT-SMP"
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name="PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a>
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</pre>
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<div class="CALLOUTLIST">
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<dl compact="COMPACT">
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<dt><a href="#PROMPT-SINGLE"><b>(1)</b></a></dt>
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<dd>This is the prompt used on systems with just one CPU.</dd>
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<dt><a href="#PROMPT-SMP"><b>(2)</b></a></dt>
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<dd>This is the prompt used on SMP systems, the digit indicates the number of the active
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CPU.</dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<p>At this point, place the CDROM into your drive, and from the PROM prompt, type <tt
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class="COMMAND">boot cdrom</tt>.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT2">
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<hr />
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<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN214" name="AEN214">1.5 Detail on various installation
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types</a></h3>
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<p>Once you've gotten yourself to the initial installation screen somehow, you should be
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able to follow the various menu prompts and go from there. If you've never used the
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FreeBSD installation before, you are also encouraged to read some of the documentation in
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the Documentation submenu as well as the general “Usage” instructions on the
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first menu.</p>
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<div class="NOTE">
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<blockquote class="NOTE">
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<p><b>Note:</b> If you get stuck at a screen, press the <b class="KEYCAP">F1</b> key for
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online documentation relevant to that specific section.</p>
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</blockquote>
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</div>
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<p>If you've never installed FreeBSD before, or even if you have, the
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“Standard” installation mode is the most recommended since it makes sure that
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you'll visit all the various important checklist items along the way. If you're much more
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comfortable with the FreeBSD installation process and know <span class="emphasis"><i
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class="EMPHASIS">exactly</i></span> what you want to do, use the “Express” or
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“Custom” installation options. If you're upgrading an existing system, use
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the “Upgrade” option.</p>
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<p>The FreeBSD installer supports the direct use of floppy, DOS, tape, CDROM, FTP, NFS
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and UFS partitions as installation media; further tips on installing from each type of
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media are listed below.</p>
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<div class="SECT3">
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<hr />
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<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN253" name="AEN253">1.5.1 Installing from a Network
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CDROM</a></h4>
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<p>If you simply wish to install from a local CDROM drive then see <a
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href="#START-INSTALLATION">Section 1.4</a>. If you don't have a CDROM drive on your
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system and wish to use a FreeBSD distribution CD in the CDROM drive of another system to
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which you have network connectivity, there are also several ways of going about it:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>If you would be able to FTP install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM drive in some
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FreeBSD machine, it's quite easy: You ensure an FTP server is running and then simply add
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the following line to the password file (using the <a
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href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vipw&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
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<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">vipw</span>(8)</span></a>
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command):</p>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/sbin/nologin
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</pre>
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<p>On the machine on which you are running the install, go to the Options menu and set
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Release Name to <tt class="LITERAL">any</tt>. You may then choose a Media type of <tt
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class="LITERAL">FTP</tt> and type in <tt class="FILENAME">ftp://<tt
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class="REPLACEABLE"><i>machine</i></tt></tt> after picking “URL” in the ftp
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sites menu.</p>
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<div class="WARNING">
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<blockquote class="WARNING">
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<p><b>Warning:</b> This may allow anyone on the local network (or Internet) to make
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“anonymous FTP” connections to this machine, which may not be desirable.</p>
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</blockquote>
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</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>If you would rather use NFS to export the CDROM directly to the machine(s) you'll be
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installing from, you need to first add an entry to the <tt
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class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file (on the machine with the CDROM drive). The
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example below allows the machine <tt class="HOSTID">ziggy.foo.com</tt> to mount the CDROM
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directly via NFS during installation:</p>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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/cdrom -ro ziggy.foo.com
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</pre>
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<p>The machine with the CDROM must also be configured as an NFS server, of course, and if
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you're not sure how to do that then an NFS installation is probably not the best choice
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for you unless you're willing to read up on <a
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href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rc.conf&sektion=5&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
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<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">rc.conf</span>(5)</span></a> and
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configure things appropriately. Assuming that this part goes smoothly, you should be able
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to enter: <tt class="FILENAME"><tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>cdrom-host</i></tt>:/cdrom</tt>
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as the path for an NFS installation when the target machine is installed, e.g. <tt
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class="FILENAME">wiggy:/cdrom</tt>.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT3">
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<hr />
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<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN285" name="AEN285">1.5.2 Installing from Floppies</a></h4>
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<p>If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported hardware or just
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because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must first prepare some floppies for the
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install.</p>
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<p>First, make your boot floppies as described in <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section
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1.3</a>.</p>
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<p>Second, peruse <a href="#LAYOUT">Section 2</a> and pay special attention to the
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“Distribution Format” section since it describes which files you're going to
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need to put onto floppy and which you can safely skip.</p>
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<p>Next you will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB floppies as it takes to hold all files
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in the <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> (binary distribution) directory. If you're preparing
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these floppies under DOS, then these floppies <span class="emphasis"><i
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class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> be formatted using the MS-DOS <tt
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class="FILENAME">FORMAT</tt> command. If you're using Windows, use the Windows File
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Manager format command.</p>
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<div class="IMPORTANT">
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<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
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<p><b>Important:</b> Frequently, floppy disks come “factory preformatted”.
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While convenient, many problems reported by users in the past have resulted from the use
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of improperly formatted media. Re-format them yourself, just to make sure.</p>
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</blockquote>
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</div>
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<p>If you're creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine, a format is still not a
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bad idea though you don't need to put a DOS filesystem on each floppy. You can use the <a
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href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=disklabel&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
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<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">disklabel</span>(8)</span></a> and
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<a
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href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
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<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">newfs</span>(8)</span></a>
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commands to put a UFS filesystem on a floppy, as the following sequence of commands
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illustrates:</p>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">fdformat -f 1440 fd0</kbd>
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">disklabel -w fd0 floppy3</kbd>
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">newfs -i 65536 /dev/fd0</kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>After you've formatted the floppies for DOS or UFS, you'll need to copy the files onto
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them. The distribution files are sized so that a floppy disk will hold a single file.
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Each distribution should go into its own subdirectory on the floppy, e.g.: <tt
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class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.inf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.aa</tt>, <tt
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class="FILENAME">a:\bin\bin.ab</tt>, ...</p>
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<div class="IMPORTANT">
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<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
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<p><b>Important:</b> The <tt class="FILENAME">bin.inf</tt> file also needs to go on the
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first floppy of the <tt class="FILENAME">bin</tt> set since it is read by the
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installation program in order to figure out how many additional pieces to look for when
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fetching and concatenating the distribution. When putting distributions onto floppies,
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the <tt class="FILENAME">distname.inf</tt> file <span class="emphasis"><i
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class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> occupy the first floppy of each distribution set.</p>
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</blockquote>
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</div>
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<p>Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select “Floppy” and
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you'll be prompted for the rest.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT3">
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<hr />
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<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN354" name="AEN354">1.5.4 Installing from QIC/SCSI
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Tape</a></h4>
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<p>When installing from tape, the installation program expects the files to be simply
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tar'ed onto it, so after fetching all of the files for the distributions you're
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interested in, simply use <a
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href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tar&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
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<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">tar</span>(1)</span></a> to get
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them onto the tape with a command something like this:</p>
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<pre class="SCREEN">
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd <tt
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class="REPLACEABLE"><i>/where/you/have/your/dists</i></tt></kbd>
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<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">tar cvf /dev/sa0 <tt
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class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist1</i></tt> .. <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>dist2</i></tt></kbd>
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</pre>
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<p>When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you leave enough
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room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed to choose) to accommodate the
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<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">full</i></span> contents of the tape you've
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created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of installation
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requires quite a bit of temporary storage. You should expect to require as much temporary
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storage as you have stuff written on tape.</p>
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<div class="NOTE">
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<blockquote class="NOTE">
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<p><b>Note:</b> When going to do the installation, the tape must be in the drive <span
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class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> booting from the boot floppies.
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The installation “probe” may otherwise fail to find it.</p>
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</blockquote>
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</div>
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<p>Now create a boot floppy as described in <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> and
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proceed with the installation.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="SECT3">
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<hr />
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<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FTPNFS" name="FTPNFS">1.5.5 Installing over a Network using FTP
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or NFS</a></h4>
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<p>After making the boot floppies as described in the first section, you can load the
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rest of the installation over a network using one of 3 types of connections: serial port,
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parallel port, or Ethernet.</p>
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<div class="SECT4">
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<hr />
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<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN379" name="AEN379">1.5.5.1 Serial Port</a></h5>
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<p>SLIP support is rather primitive, and is limited primarily to hard-wired links, such
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as a serial cable running between two computers. The link must be hard-wired because the
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SLIP installation doesn't currently offer a dialing capability. If you need to dial out
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with a modem or otherwise dialog with the link before connecting to it, then the PPP
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utility should be used instead.</p>
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<p>If you're using PPP, make sure that you have your Internet Service Provider's IP
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address and DNS information handy as you'll need to know it fairly early in the
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installation process. You may also need to know your own IP address, though PPP supports
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dynamic address negotiation and may be able to pick up this information directly from
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your ISP if they support it.</p>
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<p>You will also need to know how to use the various “AT commands” for
|
|
dialing out with your particular brand of modem as the PPP dialer provides only a very
|
|
simple terminal emulator.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT4">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN385" name="AEN385">1.5.5.2 Parallel Port</a></h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD or Linux machine is available, you might
|
|
also consider installing over a “laplink” style parallel port cable. The data
|
|
rate over the parallel port is much higher than what is typically possible over a serial
|
|
line (up to 50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation. It's not typically
|
|
necessary to use “real” IP addresses when using a point-to-point parallel
|
|
cable in this way and you can generally just use RFC 1918 style addresses for the ends of
|
|
the link (e.g. <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.1</tt>, <tt class="HOSTID">10.0.0.2</tt>,
|
|
etc).</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="IMPORTANT">
|
|
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
|
|
<p><b>Important:</b> If you use a Linux machine rather than a FreeBSD machine as your
|
|
PLIP peer, you will also have to specify <code class="OPTION">link0</code> in the TCP/IP
|
|
setup screen's “extra options for ifconfig” field in order to be compatible
|
|
with Linux's slightly different PLIP protocol.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT4">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN396" name="AEN396">1.5.5.3 Ethernet</a></h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>FreeBSD supports most common Ethernet cards; a table of supported cards is provided as
|
|
part of the FreeBSD Hardware Notes (see <tt class="FILENAME">HARDWARE.TXT</tt> in the
|
|
Documentation menu on the boot floppy or the top level directory of the CDROM). If you
|
|
are using one of the supported PCMCIA Ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in
|
|
<span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">before</i></span> the laptop is powered on.
|
|
FreeBSD does not, unfortunately, currently support “hot insertion” of PCMCIA
|
|
cards during installation.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the <code
|
|
class="OPTION">netmask</code> value for your subnet and the name of your machine. Your
|
|
system administrator can tell you which values are appropriate to your particular network
|
|
setup. If you will be referring to other hosts by name rather than IP address, you'll
|
|
also need a name server and possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's
|
|
your provider's IP address) to use in talking to it. If you want to install by FTP via an
|
|
HTTP proxy (see below), you will also need the proxy's address.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you do not know the answers to these questions then you should really probably talk
|
|
to your system administrator <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">first</i></span>
|
|
before trying this type of installation. Using a randomly chosen IP address or netmask on
|
|
a live network is almost guaranteed not to work, and will probably result in a lecture
|
|
from said system administrator.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Once you have a network connection of some sort working, the installation can continue
|
|
over NFS or FTP.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT4">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN407" name="AEN407">1.5.5.4 NFS installation tips</a></h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the FreeBSD distribution
|
|
files you want onto a server somewhere and then point the NFS media selection at it.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If this server supports only “privileged port” access (this is generally
|
|
the default for Sun and Linux workstations), you may need to set this option in the
|
|
Options menu before installation can proceed.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you have a poor quality Ethernet card which suffers from very slow transfer rates,
|
|
you may also wish to toggle the appropriate Options flag.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>In order for NFS installation to work, the server must also support “subdir
|
|
mounts”, e.g. if your FreeBSD distribution directory lives on <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">wiggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, then <tt
|
|
class="HOSTID">wiggy</tt> will have to allow the direct mounting of <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</tt>, not just <tt class="FILENAME">/usr</tt>
|
|
or <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/archive/stuff</tt>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>In FreeBSD's <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/exports</tt> file this is controlled by the
|
|
<code class="OPTION">-alldirs</code> option. Other NFS servers may have different
|
|
conventions. If you are getting <tt class="LITERAL">Permission Denied</tt> messages from
|
|
the server then it's likely that you don't have this properly enabled.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT4">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h5 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN424" name="AEN424">1.5.5.5 FTP Installation tips</a></h5>
|
|
|
|
<p>FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a reasonably up-to-date
|
|
version of FreeBSD. A full menu of reasonable choices for almost any location in the
|
|
world is provided in the FTP site menu during installation.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in this menu, or you are
|
|
having troubles getting your name server configured properly, you can also specify your
|
|
own URL by selecting the “URL” choice in that menu. A URL can contain a
|
|
hostname or an IP address, so something like the following would work in the absence of a
|
|
name server:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="SCREEN">
|
|
ftp://216.66.64.162/pub/FreeBSD/releases/sparc64/4.2-RELEASE
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>There are three FTP installation modes you can use:</p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>FTP: This method uses the standard “Active” mode for transfers, in which
|
|
the server initiates a connection to the client. This will not work through most
|
|
firewalls but will often work best with older FTP servers that do not support passive
|
|
mode. If your connection hangs with passive mode, try this one.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>FTP Passive: This sets the FTP "Passive" mode which prevents the server from opening
|
|
connections to the client. This option is best for users to pass through firewalls that
|
|
do not allow incoming connections on random port addresses.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>FTP via an HTTP proxy: This option instructs FreeBSD to use HTTP to connect to a proxy
|
|
for all FTP operations. The proxy will translate the requests and send them to the FTP
|
|
server. This allows the user to pass through firewalls that do not allow FTP at all, but
|
|
offer an HTTP proxy. You must specify the hostname of the proxy in addition to the FTP
|
|
server.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>In the rare case that you have an FTP proxy that does not go through HTTP, you can
|
|
specify the URL as something like:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="SCREEN">
|
|
<kbd class="USERINPUT">ftp://foo.bar.com:<tt
|
|
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt>/pub/FreeBSD</kbd>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>In the URL above, <tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>port</i></tt> is the port number of the
|
|
proxy FTP server.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT2">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN475" name="AEN475">1.6 Question and Answer Section for
|
|
UltraSPARC Architecture Users</a></h3>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT1">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="LAYOUT" name="LAYOUT">2 Distribution Format</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>A typical FreeBSD distribution directory looks something like this (exact details may
|
|
vary depending on version, architecture, and other factors):</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="SCREEN">
|
|
ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict kernel
|
|
ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc manpages
|
|
HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css packages
|
|
HARDWARE.TXT base compat22 filename.txt ports
|
|
INSTALL.HTM boot compat3x floppies proflibs
|
|
INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x games src
|
|
README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto info tools
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>These same files are contained in the first CDROM of a multi-disk set, but they are
|
|
laid out slightly differently on the disk. On most architectures, the installation CDROM
|
|
also contains a “live filesystem” in addition to the distribution files. The
|
|
live filesystem is useful when repairing or troubleshooting an existing FreeBSD
|
|
installation (see <a href="#TROUBLE">Section 4</a> for how to use this).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> directory will be of particular interest to
|
|
users who are unable to boot from the CDROM media (but are able to read the CDROM by
|
|
other means). It is easy to generate a set of 1.44MB boot floppies from the <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">floppies</tt> directory (see <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section 1.3</a> for
|
|
instructions on how to do this) and use these to start an installation from CDROM, FTP,
|
|
or NFS. The rest of the data needed during the installation will be obtained
|
|
automatically based on your selections. If you've never installed FreeBSD before, you
|
|
also want to read the entirety of this document (the installation instructions) file.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you're trying to do some other type of installation or are merely curious about how
|
|
a distribution is organized, what follows is a more thorough description of some of these
|
|
items in more detail:</p>
|
|
|
|
<ol type="1">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files contain
|
|
documentation (for example, this document is contained in both <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">INSTALL.TXT</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">INSTALL.HTM</tt>) and should
|
|
be read before starting an installation. The <tt class="FILENAME">*.TXT</tt> files are
|
|
plain text, while the <tt class="FILENAME">*.HTM</tt> files are HTML files that can be
|
|
read by almost any Web browser. Some distributions may contain documentation in other
|
|
formats as well, such as PDF or PostScript.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><tt class="FILENAME">docbook.css</tt> is a Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) file used by
|
|
some Web browsers for formatting the HTML documentation.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">catpages</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">crypto</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dict</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">doc</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">games</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">info</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpages</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">proflibs</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">src</tt> directories contain the
|
|
primary distribution components of FreeBSD itself and are split into smaller files for
|
|
easy packing onto floppies (should that be necessary).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">compat1x</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat20</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">compat21</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">compat22</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">compat3x</tt>, and <tt class="FILENAME">compat4x</tt> directories
|
|
contain distributions for compatibility with older releases and are distributed as single
|
|
gzip'd tar files - they can be installed during release time or later by running their
|
|
<tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> scripts.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">floppies/</tt> subdirectory contains the floppy installation
|
|
images; further information on using them can be found in <a href="#FLOPPIES">Section
|
|
1.3</a>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">packages</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">ports</tt> directories
|
|
contain the FreeBSD Packages and Ports Collections. Packages may be installed from the
|
|
packages directory by running the command:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="SCREEN">
|
|
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sysinstall configPackages</kbd>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>Packages can also be installed by feeding individual filenames in <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">packages</tt>/ to the <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pkg_add&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
|
|
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">pkg_add</span>(1)</span></a>
|
|
command.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The Ports Collection may be installed like any other distribution and requires about
|
|
190MB unpacked. More information on the ports collection may be obtained from <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/" target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</a> or
|
|
locally from <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/share/doc/handbook</tt> if you've installed the
|
|
<tt class="FILENAME">doc</tt> distribution.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Last of all, the <tt class="FILENAME">tools</tt> directory contains various DOS tools
|
|
for discovering disk geometries, installing boot managers and the like. It is purely
|
|
optional and provided only for user convenience.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<p>A typical distribution directory (for example, the <tt class="FILENAME">info</tt>
|
|
distribution) looks like this internally:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="SCREEN">
|
|
CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh
|
|
info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">CHECKSUM.MD5</tt> file contains MD5 signatures for each file,
|
|
should data corruption be suspected, and is purely for reference. It is not used by the
|
|
actual installation and does not need to be copied with the rest of the distribution
|
|
files. The <tt class="FILENAME">info.a*</tt> files are split, gzip'd tar files, the
|
|
contents of which can be viewed by doing:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="SCREEN">
|
|
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</kbd>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>During installation, they are automatically concatenated and extracted by the
|
|
installation procedure.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.inf</tt> file is also necessary since it is read by the
|
|
installation program in order to figure out how many pieces to look for when fetching and
|
|
concatenating the distribution. When putting distributions onto floppies, the <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">.inf</tt> file <span class="emphasis"><i
|
|
class="EMPHASIS">must</i></span> occupy the first floppy of each distribution set!</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">info.mtree</tt> file is another non-essential file which is
|
|
provided for user reference. It contains the MD5 signatures of the <span
|
|
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">unpacked</i></span> distribution files and can be
|
|
later used with the <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mtree&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
|
|
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">mtree</span>(8)</span></a> program
|
|
to verify the installation permissions and checksums against any possible modifications
|
|
to the file. When used with the <tt class="FILENAME">base</tt> distribution, this can be
|
|
an excellent way of detecting trojan horse attacks on your system.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Finally, the <tt class="FILENAME">install.sh</tt> file is for use by those who want to
|
|
install the distribution after installation time. To install the info distribution from
|
|
CDROM after a system was installed, for example, you'd do:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre class="SCREEN">
|
|
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">cd /cdrom/info</kbd>
|
|
<samp class="PROMPT">#</samp> <kbd class="USERINPUT">sh install.sh</kbd>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT1">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="UPGRADING" name="UPGRADING">3 Upgrading FreeBSD</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>These instructions describe a procedure for doing a binary upgrade from an older
|
|
version of FreeBSD.</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="WARNING">
|
|
<blockquote class="WARNING">
|
|
<p><b>Warning:</b> While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure does its best to safeguard against
|
|
accidental loss of data, it is still more than possible to <span class="emphasis"><i
|
|
class="EMPHASIS">wipe out your entire disk</i></span> with this installation! Please do
|
|
not accept the final confirmation request unless you have adequately backed up any
|
|
important data files.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="IMPORTANT">
|
|
<blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
|
|
<p><b>Important:</b> These notes assume that you are using the version of <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
|
|
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
|
|
supplied with the version of FreeBSD to which you intend to upgrade. Using a mismatched
|
|
version of <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
|
|
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a> is
|
|
almost guaranteed to cause problems and has been known to leave systems in an unusable
|
|
state. The most commonly made mistake in this regard is the use of an old copy of <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
|
|
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
|
|
from an existing installation to upgrade to a newer version of FreeBSD. This is <span
|
|
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> recommended.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="WARNING">
|
|
<blockquote class="WARNING">
|
|
<p><b>Warning:</b> Binary upgrades to FreeBSD 6.4-RELEASE from FreeBSD 4-STABLE are not
|
|
supported at this time. There are some files present in a FreeBSD 4-STABLE whose presence
|
|
can be disruptive, but are not removed by a binary upgrade. One notable example is that
|
|
an old <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/include/g++</tt> directory will cause C++ programs to
|
|
compile incorrectly (or not at all).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>These upgrade instructions are provided for the use of users upgrading from relatively
|
|
recent FreeBSD 6.4-STABLE snapshots.</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT2">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN704" name="AEN704">3.1 Introduction</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected by the user with those
|
|
corresponding to the new FreeBSD release. It preserves standard system configuration
|
|
data, as well as user data, installed packages and other software.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged to study this section in its
|
|
entirety before commencing an upgrade. Failure to do so may result in a failed upgrade or
|
|
loss of data.</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT3">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN708" name="AEN708">3.1.1 Upgrade Overview</a></h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>Upgrading of a distribution is performed by extracting the new version of the
|
|
component over the top of the previous version. Files belonging to the old distribution
|
|
are not deleted.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>System configuration is preserved by retaining and restoring the previous version of
|
|
the following files:</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><tt class="FILENAME">Xaccel.ini</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">XF86Config</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">adduser.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">aliases</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">aliases.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">amd.map</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">crontab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.cshrc</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">csh.login</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">csh.logout</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">cvsupfile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dhclient.conf</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">disktab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">dm.conf</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">dumpdates</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">exports</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">fbtab</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">fstab</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">ftpusers</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">gettytab</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">gnats</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">group</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">hosts</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.allow</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">hosts.equiv</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">hosts.lpd</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">inetd.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">localtime</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">login.access</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">login.conf</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">mail</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">mail.rc</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">make.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">manpath.config</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">master.passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">motd</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">namedb</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">networks</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">newsyslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">nsmb.conf</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">nsswitch.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pam.conf</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">passwd</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">periodic</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">ppp</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">profile</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">pwd.db</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">rc.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.conf.local</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">rc.firewall</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">rc.local</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">remote</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">resolv.conf</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">rmt</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">sendmail.cf</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">sendmail.cw</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">services</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">shells</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">skeykeys</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">spwd.db</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ssh</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">syslog.conf</tt>, <tt class="FILENAME">ttys</tt>, <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">uucp</tt></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The versions of these files which correspond to the new version are moved to <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">/etc/upgrade/</tt>. The system administrator may peruse these new
|
|
versions and merge components as desired. Note that many of these files are
|
|
interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to copy all site-specific data from the
|
|
current files into the new.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>During the upgrade procedure, the administrator is prompted for a location into which
|
|
all files from <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/</tt> are saved. In the event that local
|
|
modifications have been made to other files, they may be subsequently retrieved from this
|
|
location.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT2">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN782" name="AEN782">3.2 Procedure</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular attention is given to items
|
|
which substantially differ from a normal installation.</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT3">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN785" name="AEN785">3.2.1 Backup</a></h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>User data and system configuration should be backed up before upgrading. While the
|
|
upgrade procedure does its best to prevent accidental mistakes, it is possible to
|
|
partially or completely destroy data and configuration information.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT3">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN788" name="AEN788">3.2.2 Mount Filesystems</a></h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>The disklabel editor is entered with the nominated disk's filesystem devices listed.
|
|
Prior to commencing the upgrade, the administrator should make a note of the device names
|
|
and corresponding mountpoints. These mountpoints should be entered here. <span
|
|
class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">Do not</i></span> set the “newfs flag”
|
|
for any filesystems, as this will cause data loss.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT3">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN793" name="AEN793">3.2.3 Select Distributions</a></h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>When selecting distributions, there are no constraints on which must be selected. As a
|
|
general rule, the <tt class="LITERAL">base</tt> distribution should be selected for an
|
|
update, and the <tt class="LITERAL">man</tt> distribution if manpages are already
|
|
installed. Other distributions may be selected beyond those originally installed if the
|
|
administrator wishes to add additional functionality.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT3">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h4 class="SECT3"><a id="FSTAB" name="FSTAB">3.2.4 After Installation</a></h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>Once the installation procedure has completed, the administrator is prompted to
|
|
examine the new configuration files. At this point, checks should be made to ensure that
|
|
the system configuration is valid. In particular, the <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.conf</tt> and <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/fstab</tt> files should
|
|
be checked.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT2">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN803" name="AEN803">3.3 Upgrading from Source Code</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>Those interested in an upgrade method that allows more flexibility and sophistication
|
|
should take a look at <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html"
|
|
target="_top">The Cutting Edge</a> in the FreeBSD Handbook. This procedure involves
|
|
rebuilding all of FreeBSD from source code. It requires reliable network connectivity,
|
|
extra disk space, and time, but has advantages for networks and other more complex
|
|
installations. This is roughly the same procedure as is used for track the -STABLE or
|
|
-CURRENT development branches.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><tt class="FILENAME">/usr/src/UPDATING</tt> contains important information on updating
|
|
a FreeBSD system from source code. It lists various issues resulting from changes in
|
|
FreeBSD that may affect an upgrade.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT1">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h2 class="SECT1"><a id="TROUBLE" name="TROUBLE">4 Troubleshooting</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT2">
|
|
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="REPAIRING" name="REPAIRING">4.1 Repairing an Existing FreeBSD
|
|
Installation</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>FreeBSD features a “fixit” option in the top menu of the <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
|
|
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
|
|
installation program. It provides a shell with common programs from the FreeBSD base
|
|
system; this environment is useful for repairing or troubleshooting an existing FreeBSD
|
|
installation. To use fixit mode, you will also need either the <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> floppy, generated in the same fashion as the boot
|
|
floppies, or the “live filesystem” CDROM. In multi-disk FreeBSD
|
|
distributions, the live filesystem image is typically located on the installation disk.
|
|
Note that some UNIX system administration experience is required to use the fixit
|
|
option.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Generally, there are two ways of invoking fixit mode. Users who can boot from the
|
|
FreeBSD installation CDROM, should do so and then choose the “fixit” item
|
|
from the main <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
|
|
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
|
|
menu. Then select the “CDROM/DVD” option from the fixit menu.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Users who cannot boot from CDROM, but can boot from floppy disk, require a few more
|
|
steps. In addition to the <tt class="FILENAME">boot.flp</tt> and <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">kern<tt class="REPLACEABLE"><i>X</i></tt>.flp</tt> disks required for
|
|
installation, create the <tt class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> floppy disk, in the same way
|
|
as the other floppy disks. Follow the instructions for booting the installation program
|
|
from floppy disk until reaching the main <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
|
|
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
|
|
menu. At that point, choose the “fixit” item from the main <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sysinstall&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+6.4-RELEASE">
|
|
<span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class="REFENTRYTITLE">sysinstall</span>(8)</span></a>
|
|
menu. Then select the “Floppy” option from the fixit menu, and insert the <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">fixit.flp</tt> floppy disk when prompted to do so.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The CDROM and floppy fixit environments are similar, but not identical. Both offer a
|
|
shell with a variety of commands available for checking, repairing and examining
|
|
filesystems and their contents. The CDROM version of fixit provides all of the commands
|
|
and programs available in the FreeBSD base system, through the live filesystem. By
|
|
contrast, the floppy fixit environment can only offer a subset of commands due to space
|
|
constraints.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>In the floppy version of fixit, some standalone utilities can be found in <tt
|
|
class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> or <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/stand</tt>. In the CDROM
|
|
version of fixit, these same programs can be found in <tt class="FILENAME">/stand</tt> or
|
|
<tt class="FILENAME">/mnt2/rescue</tt> (as well as the rest of the programs from the live
|
|
filesystem, which can be found under <tt class="FILENAME">/mnt</tt>).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="SECT2">
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h3 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN847" name="AEN847">4.2 Common Installation Problems for
|
|
UltraSPARC Architecture Users</a></h3>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related documents, can be
|
|
downloaded from <a href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>
|
|
|
|
<p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the <a
|
|
href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a> before contacting <<a
|
|
href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
|
|
|
|
<p align="center"><small>For questions about this documentation, e-mail <<a
|
|
href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>>.</small></p>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
|