163 lines
5.4 KiB
Text
163 lines
5.4 KiB
Text
<!-- $Id: diskless.sgml,v 1.10 1997-08-12 09:17:44 asami Exp $ -->
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<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
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<sect><heading>Diskless Operation<label id="diskless"></heading>
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<p><em>Contributed by &a.martin;.</em>
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<tt>netboot.com/netboot.rom</tt> allow you to boot your
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FreeBSD machine over the network and run FreeBSD without
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having a disk on your client. Under 2.0 it is now
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possible to have local swap. Swapping over NFS is also
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still supported.
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Supported Ethernet cards include: Western Digital/SMC
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8003, 8013, 8216 and compatibles; NE1000/NE2000 and
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compatibles (requires recompile)
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<sect1>
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<heading>Setup Instructions</heading>
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<p><enum>
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<item> Find a machine that will be your server. This
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machine will require enough disk space to hold the
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FreeBSD 2.0 binaries and have bootp, tftp and NFS
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services available.
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Tested machines:
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<itemize>
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<item>HP9000/8xx running HP-UX 9.04 or later (pre
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9.04 doesn't work)</item>
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<item>Sun/Solaris 2.3. (you may need to get
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bootp)</item>
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</itemize>
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<item>Set up a bootp server to provide the client with
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IP, gateway, netmask.
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<tscreen><verb>
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diskless:\
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:ht=ether:\
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:ha=0000c01f848a:\
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:sm=255.255.255.0:\
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:hn:\
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:ds=192.1.2.3:\
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:ip=192.1.2.4:\
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:gw=192.1.2.5:\
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:vm=rfc1048:
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</verb></tscreen></item>
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<item>Set up a TFTP server (on same machine as bootp
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server) to provide booting information to client.
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The name of this file is <tt>cfg.X.X.X.X</tt> (or
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<tt>/tftpboot/cfg.X.X.X.X</tt>, it will try both)
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where <tt>X.X.X.X</tt> is the IP address of the
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client. The contents of this file can be any valid
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netboot commands. Under 2.0, netboot has the
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following commands:
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<tscreen><verb>
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help - print help list
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ip <X.X.X.X> - print/set client's IP address
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server <X.X.X.X> - print/set bootp/tftp server address
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netmask <X.X.X.X> - print/set netmask
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hostname <name> - print/set hostname
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kernel <name> - print/set kernel name
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rootfs <ip:/fs> - print/set root filesystem
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swapfs <ip:/fs> - print/set swap filesystem
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swapsize <size> - set diskless swapsize in Kbytes
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diskboot - boot from disk
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autoboot - continue boot process
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trans <on|off> - turn transceiver on|off
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flags [bcdhsv] - set boot flags
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</verb></tscreen>
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A typical completely diskless cfg file might contain:
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<tscreen><verb>
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rootfs 192.1.2.3:/rootfs/myclient
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swapfs 192.1.2.3:/swapfs
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swapsize 20000
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hostname myclient.mydomain
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</verb></tscreen>
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A cfg file for a machine with local swap might contain:
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<tscreen><verb>
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rootfs 192.1.2.3:/rootfs/myclient
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hostname myclient.mydomain
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</verb></tscreen>
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<item>Ensure that your NFS server has exported the root
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(and swap if applicable) filesystems to your client,
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and that the client has root access to these
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filesystems
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A typical <tt>/etc/exports</tt> file on FreeBSD might
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look like:
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<tscreen><verb>
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/rootfs/myclient -maproot=0:0 myclient.mydomain
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/swapfs -maproot=0:0 myclient.mydomain
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</verb></tscreen>
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And on HP-UX:
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<tscreen><verb>
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/rootfs/myclient -root=myclient.mydomain
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/swapfs -root=myclient.mydomain
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</verb></tscreen>
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<item>If you are swapping over NFS (completely diskless
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configuration) create a swap file for your client
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using <tt>dd</tt>. If your <tt>swapfs</tt> command has the
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arguments <tt>/swapfs</tt> and the size 20000 as in the
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example above, the swapfile for myclient will be called
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<tt>/swapfs/swap.X.X.X.X</tt> where <tt>X.X.X.X</tt>
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is the client's IP addr, eg:
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<tscreen><verb>
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# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4 bs=1k count=20000
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</verb></tscreen>
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Also, the client's swap space might contain sensitive
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information once swapping starts, so make sure to
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restrict read and write access to this file to prevent
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unauthorized access:
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<tscreen><verb>
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# chmod 0600 /swapfs/swap.192.1.2.4
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</verb></tscreen>
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<item> Unpack the root filesystem in the directory the
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client will use for its root filesystem
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(<tt>/rootfs/myclient</tt> in the example above).
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<itemize>
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<item> On HP-UX systems: The server should be
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running HP-UX 9.04 or later for HP9000/800 series
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machines. Prior versions do not allow the
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creation of device files over NFS.
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<item> When extracting <tt>/dev</tt> in
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<tt>/rootfs/myclient</tt>, beware that some
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systems (HPUX) will not create device files that
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FreeBSD is happy with. You may have to go to
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single user mode on the first bootup (press
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control-c during the bootup phase), cd
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<tt>/dev</tt> and do a "<tt>sh ./MAKEDEV
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all</tt>" from the client to fix this.
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</itemize>
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<item>Run <tt>netboot.com</tt> on the client or make an EPROM
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from the <tt>netboot.rom</tt> file
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</enum>
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<sect1>
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<heading>Using Shared <tt>/</tt> and <tt>/usr</tt> filesystems</heading>
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<p>At present there isn't an officially sanctioned way of
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doing this, although I have been using a shared <tt>/usr</tt>
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filesystem and individual <tt>/</tt> filesystems for each client.
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If anyone has any suggestions on how to do this cleanly,
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please let me and/or the &a.core; know.
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<sect1>
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<heading>Compiling netboot for specific setups</heading>
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<p>Netboot can be compiled to support NE1000/2000 cards by
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changing the configuration in
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<tt>/sys/i386/boot/netboot/Makefile</tt>. See the
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comments at the top of this file.
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