206 lines
6 KiB
Text
206 lines
6 KiB
Text
<!--
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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$FreeBSD$
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Original revision: 1.18
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-->
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<chapter id="introduction">
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<chapterinfo>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Murray</firstname>
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<surname>Stokely</surname>
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<contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Jeroen</firstname>
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<surname>Ruigrok van der Werven</surname>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</chapterinfo>
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<title>簡介</title>
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<sect1 id="introduction-devel">
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<title>在 FreeBSD 開發程式</title>
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<para>好了我們開始吧！我想你的 FreeBSD 已經安裝好了，而且已經準備好要用它寫點程式了吧？
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但是要從哪裡開始呢？&os; 有提供寫程式的程式或環境嗎？
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身為 programer 的我可以做什麼呢？</para>
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<para>本章試著回答你一些問題，當然，單就 programming 程度來說可分很多種層次，
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有的人只是單純當興趣，有的則是他的專業，
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本章主要內容是針對程式初學者，
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當然，對於那些不熟 &os; 的程式開發者而言，本文件內容也是十分實用的。</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="introduction-bsdvision">
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<title>The BSD Vision</title>
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<para>為了讓你寫出來的程式在 &unix; like系統上具有良好的使用性、效能和穩定性，
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我們必須跟你介紹一些程式概念(original software tools ideology)。 </para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="introduction-archguide">
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<title>程式架構指南</title>
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<para>我們想介紹的概念如下</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>在整個程式還沒寫完前，不要增加新的功能。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>另外一個重點就是，讓你自己選擇你的程式將會具有何種功能，
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而不是讓別人決定，不想要去滿足全世界的需求，除非你想讓你的程式具有擴充性或相容性。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>千萬記住：在沒有相關經驗時，參考範例程式碼所寫出來的程式，
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會比自己憑空寫出來的好。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>當你寫的程式沒辦法完全解決問題時，最好的方法就是不要試著要去解決它。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>若用 10% 的心力就能輕鬆完成 90% 的工作份量，就用這個簡單法子吧。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>盡可能地簡化問題的複雜。</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>提供機制(mechanism)，而非原則(policy)。
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比方說，把使用者介面選擇權交由使用者來決定。</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>以上摘自 Scheifler & Gettys 的 "X Window System" 論文</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="introduction-layout">
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<title><filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename> 的架構</title>
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<para>完整的 FreeBSD 原始碼都在公開的 CVS repository 中。
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通常 FreeBSD 原始碼都會裝在 <filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename>，
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而且包含下列子目錄：</para>
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<para>
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<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
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<tgroup cols="2">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Directory</entry>
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<entry>Description</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">bin/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for files in
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<filename>/bin</filename></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">contrib/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for files from contributed software.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">crypto/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Cryptographical sources</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">etc/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for files in <filename
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class="directory">/etc</filename></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">games/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for files in <filename
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class="directory">/usr/games</filename></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">gnu/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Utilities covered by the GNU Public License</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">include/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for files in <filename
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class="directory">/usr/include</filename></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename
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class="directory">kerberos5/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for Kerberos version 5</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">lib/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for files in <filename
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class="directory">/usr/lib</filename></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">libexec/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for files in <filename
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class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename
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class="directory">release/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Files required to produce a FreeBSD release</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">rescue/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Build system for the
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<filename class="directory">/rescue</filename> utilities</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">sbin/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for files in <filename
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class="directory">/sbin</filename></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">secure/</filename></entry>
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<entry>FreeSec sources</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">share/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for files in <filename
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class="directory">/usr/share</filename></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">sys/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Kernel source files</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename class="directory">tools/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Tools used for maintenance and testing of
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FreeBSD</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename
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class="directory">usr.bin/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for files in <filename
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class="directory">/usr/bin</filename></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><filename
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class="directory">usr.sbin/</filename></entry>
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<entry>Source for files in <filename
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class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename></entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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</chapter>
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