81ada0706b
docs/7082 Fix grammar errors (Dag-Erling Coidan <dag-erli@ifi.uio.no>) admin.sgml: Add section on amd applications.sgml: Add section on installing FrontPage hardware.sgml: Add sections on CAM, P&P modems, serial consoles install.sgml: Add section on why not to remove sc0 preface.sgml: Sync versions-graph with our current temporal co-ordinates x.sgml: Add sections on missing Imake.tmpl, reversing mouse buttons docs/7083 (FAQ maintainer, dwhite) admin.sgml: Something about mounting root. With -a. Dooh! docs/7084 (FAQ maintainer, dwhite)
427 lines
18 KiB
Text
427 lines
18 KiB
Text
<!-- $Id: troubleshoot.sgml,v 1.5 1998-06-27 01:13:49 hoek Exp $ -->
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<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
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<sect>
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<heading>Troubleshooting<label id="troubleshoot"></heading>
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<sect1>
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<heading>I have bad blocks on my hard drive!<label id="awre"></heading>
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<p>With SCSI drives, the drive should be capable of re-mapping
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these automatically. However, many drives are shipped with
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this feature disabled, for some mysterious reason...
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<p>To enable this, you'll need to edit the first device page mode,
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which can be done on FreeBSD by giving the command (as root)
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<verb>
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scsi -f /dev/rsd0c -m 1 -e -P 3
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</verb>
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<p>and changing the values of AWRE and ARRE from 0 to 1:-
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<verb>
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AWRE (Auto Write Reallocation Enbld): 1
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ARRE (Auto Read Reallocation Enbld): 1
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</verb>
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<p>For other drive types, you are dependent on support from the
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operating system. Unfortunately, the ``bad144'' command that
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FreeBSD supplies for this purpose needs a considerable amount
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of work done on it. In other words, it doesn't work. If you're
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lucky, you can create a file that contains the bad blocks and
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stuff it away with a name like ".BADBLOCKS". This is how I got
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386BSD Patchkit 24 completed. <tt/NOTE/: don't do this unless
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your time is effectively free.
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<p>IDE drives are <em/supposed/ to come with built-in bad-block
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remapping; if you have documentation for your drive, you may want
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to see if this feature has been disabled on your drive. However,
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ESDI, RLL, and ST-506 drives normally do not do this.
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<p>If remapping is enabled and you are seeing bad blocks, consider
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replacing the drive. The bad blocks will only get worse as time
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goes on.
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<sect1>
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<heading>FreeBSD does not recognize my Bustek 742a EISA SCSI!</heading>
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<p>This info is specific to the 742a but may also cover other
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Buslogic cards. (Bustek = Buslogic)
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<p>There are 2 general ``versions'' of the 742a card. They are
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hardware revisions A-G, and revisions H - onwards. The revision
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letter is located after the Assembly number on the edge of the
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card. The 742a has 2 ROM chips on it, one is the BIOS chip and
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the other is the Firmware chip. FreeBSD doesn't care what
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version of BIOS chip you have but it does care about what version
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of firmware chip. Buslogic will send upgrade ROMS out if you
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call their tech support dept. The BIOS and Firmware chips are
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shipped as a matched pair. You must have the most current
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Firmware ROM in your adapter card for your hardware revision.
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<p>The REV A-G cards can only accept BIOS/Firmware sets up to
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2.41/2.21. The REV H- up cards can accept the most current
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BIOS/Firmware sets of 4.70/3.37. The difference between the
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firmware sets is that the 3.37 firmware supports ``round robin''
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<p>The Buslogic cards also have a serial number on them. If you
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have a old hardware revision card you can call the Buslogic RMA
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department and give them the serial number and attempt to
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exchange the card for a newer hardware revision. If the card is
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young enough they will do so.
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<p>FreeBSD 2.1 only supports Firmware revisions 2.21 onward. If you
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have a Firmware revision older than this your card will not be
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recognized as a Buslogic card. It may be recognized as an
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Adaptec 1540, however. The early Buslogic firmware contains an
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AHA1540 ``emulation'' mode. This is not a good thing for an EISA
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card, however.
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<p>If you have an old hardware revision card and you obtain the 2.21
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firmware for it, you will need to check the position of jumper W1
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to B-C, the default is A-B.
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<p>The 742a EISA cards never had the ``>16MB'' problem mentioned in
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the section <ref id="bigram" name="on >16 MB machines">. This is a
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problem that occurs with the Vesa-Local Buslogic SCSI cards.
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<sect1>
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<heading>
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My HP Netserver's SCSI controller is not detected!
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</heading>
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<p>This is basically a known problem. The EISA on-board SCSI controller
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in the HP Netserver machines occupies EISA slot number 11, so all
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the ``true'' EISA slots are in front of it. Alas, the address space
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for EISA slots >= 10 collides with the address space assigned to PCI,
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and FreeBSD's auto-configuration currently cannot handle this
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situation very well.
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<p>So now, the best you can do is to pretend there is no address
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range clash :), by bumping the kernel option <tt/EISA_SLOTS/
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to a value of 12.
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Configure and compile a kernel, as described in the
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<url url="../handbook/kernelconfig.html"
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name="Handbook entry on configuring the kernel">.
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<p>Of course, this does present you with a chicken-and-egg problem when
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installing on such a machine. In order to work around this
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problem, a special hack is available inside <em>UserConfig</em>.
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Do not use the ``visual'' interface, but the plain command-line
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interface there. Simply type
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<verb>
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eisa 12
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quit
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</verb>
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<p>at the prompt, and install your system as usual. While it's
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recommended you compile and install a custom kernel anyway,
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<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?dset" name="dset">
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now also understands to save this value.
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<p>Hopefully, future versions will have a proper fix for this problem.
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<p><tt/NOTE:/ You can not use a <bf/dangerously dedicated/ disk with
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an HP Netserver. See <ref id="dedicate" name="this note"> for
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more info.
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<sect1>
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<heading>What's up with this CMD640 IDE controller?</heading>
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<p>It's broken. It cannot handle commands on both channels
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simultaneously.
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<p>There's a workaround available now and it is enabled automatically
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if your system uses this chip. For the details refer to the
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manual page of the disk driver (man 4 wd).
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<p>If you're already running FreeBSD 2.2.1 or 2.2.2 with a
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CMD640 IDE controller and you want to use the second channel,
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build a new kernel with <tt/options "CMD640"/ enabled. This
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is the default for 2.2.5 and later.
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<sect1>
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<heading>I keep seeing messages like ``<tt/ed1: timeout/''.</heading>
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<p>This is usually caused by an interrupt conflict (e.g., two boards
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using the same IRQ). FreeBSD prior to 2.0.5R used to be tolerant
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of this, and the network driver would still function in the
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presence of IRQ conflicts. However, with 2.0.5R and later, IRQ
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conflicts are no longer tolerated. Boot with the -c option and
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change the ed0/de0/... entry to match your board.
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<p>If you're using the BNC connector on your network card, you may
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also see device timeouts because of bad termination. To check this,
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attach a terminator directly to the NIC (with no cabel) and see if
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the error messages go away.
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<p>Some NE2000 compatible cards will give this error if there is
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no link on the UTP port or if the cable is disconnected.
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<sect1>
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<heading>When I mount a CDROM, I get ``Incorrect super block''.</heading>
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<p>You have to tell
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<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount" name="mount">
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the type of the device that you want to mount. By default,
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<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount" name="mount">
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will assume the filesystem is of type ``<tt/ufs/''. You want to mount
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a CDROM filesystem, and you do this by specifying the ``<tt/-t cd9660/''
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option to <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount"
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name="mount">. This does, of course, assume that the
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CDROM contains an ISO 9660 filesystem, which is what most CDROMs
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have. As of 1.1R, FreeBSD automatically understands the Rock Ridge
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(long filename) extensions as well.
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<p>As an example, if you want to mount the CDROM device,
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``<tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>'', under <tt>/mnt</tt>, you would execute:
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<verb>
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mount -t cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt
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</verb>
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<p>Note that your device name (``<tt>/dev/cd0c</tt>'' in this
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example) could be different, depending on the CDROM interface.
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Note that the ``<tt/-t cd9660/'' option just causes the
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``<tt/mount_cd9660/'' command to be executed, and so the
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above example could be shortened to:
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<verb>
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mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt
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</verb>
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<sect1>
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<heading>When I mount a CDROM, I get ``Device not configured''.</heading>
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<p>This generally means that there is no CDROM in the CDROM drive,
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or the drive is not visible on the bus. Feed the drive
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something, and/or check its master/slave status if it is
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IDE (ATAPI). It can take a couple of seconds for a CDROM drive
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to notice that it's been fed, so be patient.
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<p>Sometimes a SCSI CD-ROM may be missed because it hadn't enough time
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to answer the bus reset. In you have a SCSI CD-ROM please try to
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add the following symbol into your kernel configuration file
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and recompile.
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<verb>
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options "SCSI_DELAY=15"
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</verb>
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<sect1>
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<heading>My printer is ridiculously slow. What can I do ?</heading>
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<p>If it's parallel, and the only problem is that it's terribly
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slow, try setting your printer port into ``polled'' mode:
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<verb>
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lptcontrol -p
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</verb>
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<p>Some newer HP printers are claimed not to work correctly in
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interrupt mode, apparently due to some (not yet exactly
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understood) timing problem.
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<sect1>
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<heading>My programs occasionally die with ``Signal 11'' errors.</heading>
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<p>This can be caused by bad hardware (memory, motherboard, etc.).
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Try running a memory-testing program on your PC. Note that, even
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though every memory testing program you try will report your
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memory as being fine, it's possible for slightly marginal memory
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to pass all memory tests, yet fail under operating conditions
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(such as during bus mastering DMA from a SCSI controller like the
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Adaptec 1542, when you're beating on memory by compiling a kernel,
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or just when the system's running particularly hot).
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<p>The SIG11 FAQ (listed below) points up slow memory as being the
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most common problem. Increase the number of wait states in your
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BIOS setup, or get faster memory.
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<p>For me the guilty party has been bad cache RAM or a bad on-board
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cache controller. Try disabling the on-board (secondary) cache in
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the BIOS setup and see if that solves the problem.
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<p>There's an extensive FAQ on this at
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<url url="http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/" name="the SIG11 problem FAQ">
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<sect1>
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<heading>When I boot, the screen goes black and loses sync!</heading>
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<p>This is a known problem with the ATI Mach 64 video card.
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The problem is that this card uses address <tt/2e8/, and
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the fourth serial port does too. Due to a bug (feature?) in the
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<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio" name="sio.c">
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driver it will touch this port even if you don't have the
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fourth serial port, and <bf/even/ if you disable sio3 (the fourth
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port) which normally uses this address.
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<p>Until the bug has been fixed, you can use this workaround:
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<enum>
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<item>Enter <tt/-c/ at the bootprompt. (This will put the kernel
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into configuration mode).
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<item>Disable <tt/sio0/, <tt/sio1/, <tt/sio2/ and <tt/sio3/
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(all of them). This way the sio driver doesn't get activated
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-> no problems.
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<item>Type exit to continue booting.
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</enum>
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<p>If you want to be able to use your serial ports,
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you'll have to build a new kernel with the following
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modification: in <tt>/usr/src/sys/i386/isa/sio.c</tt> find the
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one occurrence of the string <tt/0x2e8/ and remove that string
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and the preceding comma (keep the trailing comma). Now follow
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the normal procedure of building a new kernel.
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<p>Even after applying these workarounds, you may still find that
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X Window does not work properly. Some newer ATI Mach 64 video
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cards (notably ATI Mach Xpression) do not run with the current
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version of <tt/XFree86/; the screen goes black when you start
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X Window, or it works with strange problems. You can get
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a beta-version of a new X-server that works better, by looking at
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<url url="http://www.xfree86.org" name="the XFree86 site">
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and following the links to the new beta release. Get the
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following files:
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<p><tt>AccelCards, BetaReport, Cards, Devices, FILES, README.ati,
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README.FreeBSD, README.Mach64, RELNOTES, VGADriver.Doc,
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X312BMa64.tgz</tt>
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<p>Replace the older files with the new versions and make sure you
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run <htmlurl
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url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?manpath=xfree86&query=xf86config"
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name="xf86config"> again.
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<sect1>
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<heading>
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I have 128 MB of RAM but the system only uses 64 MB.
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<label id="reallybigram">
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</heading>
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<p>Due to the manner in which FreeBSD gets the memory size from the
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BIOS, it can only detect 16 bits worth of Kbytes in size (65535
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Kbytes = 64MB) (or less... some BIOSes peg the memory size to 16M).
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If you have more than 64MB, FreeBSD will attempt to detect it;
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however, the attempt may fail.
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<p>To work around this problem, you need to use the
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kernel option specified below. There is a way to get complete
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memory information from the BIOS, but we don't have room in the
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bootblocks to do it. Someday when lack of room in the bootblocks
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is fixed, we'll use the extended BIOS functions to get the full
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memory information...but for now we're stuck with the kernel
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option.
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<tt>
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options "MAXMEM=<n>"
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</tt>
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<p>Where <tt/n/ is your memory in Kilobytes. For a 128 MB machine,
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you'd want to use <tt/131072/.
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<sect1>
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<heading>FreeBSD 2.0 panics with ``kmem_map too small!''</heading>
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<p><tt /Note/ The message may also be ``mb_map too small!''
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<p>The panic indicates that the system ran out of virtual memory for
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network buffers (specifically, mbuf clusters). You can increase
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the amount of VM available for mbuf clusters by adding:
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<p><tt>options "NMBCLUSTERS=<n>"</tt>
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<p>to your kernel config file, where <n> is a number in the
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range 512-4096, depending on the number of concurrent TCP
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connections you need to support. I'd recommend trying 2048 - this
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should get rid of the panic completely. You can monitor the
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number of mbuf clusters allocated/in use on the system with
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<htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?netstat"
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name="netstat -m">. The default value for NMBCLUSTERS is
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<tt/512 + MAXUSERS * 16/.
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<sect1>
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<heading>``CMAP busy panic'' when rebooting with a new kernel.</heading>
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<p>The logic that attempts to detect an out of date
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<tt>/var/db/kvm_*.db</tt> files sometimes fails and using a
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mismatched file can sometimes lead to panics.
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<p>If this happens, reboot single-user and do:
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<verb>
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rm /var/db/kvm_*.db
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</verb>
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<sect1>
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<heading>ahc0: brkadrint, Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0</heading>
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<p>This is a conflict with an Ultrastor SCSI Host Adapter.
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<p>During the boot process enter the kernel configuration menu and
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disable <htmlurl url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?uha(4)"
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name="uha0">, which is causing the problem.
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<sect1>
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<heading>Sendmail says ``mail loops back to myself''</heading>
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<p>This is answered in the sendmail FAQ as follows:-
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<verb>
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* I'm getting "Local configuration error" messages, such as:
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553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself
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554 <user@domain.net>... Local configuration error
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How can I solve this problem?
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You have asked mail to the domain (e.g., domain.net) to be
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forwarded to a specific host (in this case, relay.domain.net)
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by using an MX record, but the relay machine doesn't recognize
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itself as domain.net. Add domain.net to /etc/sendmail.cw
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(if you are using FEATURE(use_cw_file)) or add "Cw domain.net"
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to /etc/sendmail.cf.
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</verb>
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<p>The current version of the <url
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url="ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq"
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name="sendmail FAQ"> is no longer maintained with the sendmail
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release. It is however regularly posted to
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<url url="news:comp.mail.sendmail" name="comp.mail.sendmail">,
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<url url="news:comp.mail.misc" name="comp.mail.misc">,
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<url url="news:comp.mail.smail" name="comp.mail.smail">,
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<url url="news:comp.answers" name="comp.answers">, and
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<url url="news:news.answers" name="news.answers">.
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You can also receive a copy via email by sending a message to
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<url url="mailto:mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu"
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name="mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu"> with the command "send
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usenet/news.answers/mail/sendmail-faq" as the body of the
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message.
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<sect1>
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<heading>Full screen applications on remote machines misbehave!
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</heading>
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<p>The remote machine may be setting your terminal type
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to something other than the <tt>cons25</tt> terminal type used
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by the FreeBSD console.
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<p>There are a number of work-arounds for this problem:
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<itemize>
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<item>After logging on to the remote machine, set your TERM shell
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variable to either <tt>ansi</tt> or <tt>sco</tt>.
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<item>Use a VT100 emulator like <htmlurl
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url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ports.cgi?screen-" name="screen">
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locally. <tt>screen</tt> offers you the ability to run
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multiple concurrent sessions from one terminal, and is a neat
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program in its own right.
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<item>Install the <tt>cons25</tt> terminal database entry on
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the remote machine.
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<item>Fire up X and login to the remote machine from an
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<tt>xterm</tt>.
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</itemize>
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</sect>
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