doc/ja_JP.eucJP/man/man4/ip.4

.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"     @(#)ip.4	8.2 (Berkeley) 11/30/93
.\"	%Id: ip.4,v 1.9 1997/03/19 19:47:33 bde Exp %
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\" WORD: source routing	»ØÄê·ÐÏ©À©¸æ [IPv6]
.Dd November 30, 1993
.Dt IP 4
.Os BSD 4.2
.Sh ̾¾Î
.Nm ip
.Nd ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë
.Sh ½ñ¼°
.Fd #include <sys/types.h>
.Fd #include <sys/socket.h>
.Fd #include <netinet/in.h>
.Ft int
.Fn socket AF_INET SOCK_RAW proto
.Sh ÀâÌÀ
.Tn IP 
¤Ï¡¢¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥ß¥ê¤¬ÍѤ¤¤ë¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥Ý¡¼¥ÈÁؤÎ
¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ç¤¹¡£
.Tn IP
¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤¿¡¢¤è¤ê¹â°Ì¤Î¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë (Î㤨¤Ð¡¢
.Tn TCP
¤ä
.Tn UDP
)
¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.Tn IP
¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ç¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÀßÄê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤Þ¤¿¡¢¿·¤·¤¤¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤äÆÃÊ̤ÊÍÑÅӤΥ¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò
³«È¯¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.Dq raw ¥½¥±¥Ã¥È
¤òÄ̤·¤Æ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Pp
.Tn IP ¥ì¥Ù¥ë
¤Î
.Xr setsockopt 2
¤Ê¤é¤Ó¤Ë
.Xr getsockopt 2
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Dv IP_OPTIONS 
¤Ï¡¢Á÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤ë³Æ¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤Î
.Tn IP
¥Ø¥Ã¥ÀÃæ¤ËËä¤á¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë
.Tn IP
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÄ󶡤·¤¿¤ê¡¢¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤Î
¥Ø¥Ã¥ÀÉô¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¸¡ºº¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë
»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Tn IP
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥Õ¥¡¥ß¥ê¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¥¿¥¤¥×¤Ç
»È¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
Á÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤ë
.Tn IP
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡¢
.Tn IP
¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Î»ÅÍÍ (RFC-791) ¤Ç·è¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢1 ¤ÄÎã³°¤¬
¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
»ØÄê·ÐÏ©À©¸æ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÍѤΥ¢¥É¥ì¥¹¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤
¥ê¥¹¥È¤ÎÀèƬ¤Ë¡¢ºÇ½é¤Ë¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤¬Ä̲᤹¤ë¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ
¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹¡£
ºÇ½é¤Ë¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤¬Ä̲᤹¤ë¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¥ê¥¹¥È¤«¤é
¼è¤ê½Ð¤µ¤ì¡¢»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤ëÁ°¤ËŬÀÚ¤ÊÂ礭¤µ¤Ëľ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
°ÊÁ°¤Ë»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Ä¹¤µ 0 ¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Æ
¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
.Bd -literal
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, NULL, 0);
.Ed
.Pp
.Dv IP_TOS 
¤ª¤è¤Ó
.Dv IP_TTL 
¤Ï¡¢
.Dv SOCK_STREAM 
¤ª¤è¤Ó
.Dv SOCK_DGRAM 
¤ÇÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë
.Tn IP
¥Ø¥Ã¥ÀÆâ¤Î¡¢
¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¥¿¥¤¥× (type-of-service) ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤ÈÀ¸Â¸»þ´Ö (time-to-live) 
¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
Î㤨¤Ð¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Bd -literal
int tos = IPTOS_LOWDELAY;       /* <netinet/in.h> »²¾È */
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, &tos, sizeof(tos));
int ttl = 60;                   /* ºÇÂçÃÍ¤Ï 255 */
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl));
.Ed
.Pp
¤â¤·¡¢
.Dv IP_RECVDSTADDR
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬
.Dv SOCK_DGRAM 
¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤ÇÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢
.Xr recvmsg 2
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë¤Ï¡¢
.Tn UDP
¥À¥¤¥¢¥°¥é¥àÍѤÎÁ÷¤êÀè¤Î
.Tn IP
¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÊÖ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
msghdr ¹½Â¤ÂΤΠmsg_control ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï
.Tn IP
¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î¸å¤Ë³¤¤¤¿ cmsghdr ¹½Â¤ÂΤÎÆþ¤Ã¤¿¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤Ø¤Î
¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
cmsghdr ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÃͤò»ý¤Á¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Bd -literal
cmsg_len = sizeof(struct in_addr)
cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IP
cmsg_type = IP_RECVDSTADDR
.Ed
.Pp
.Dv IP_PORTRANGE 
¤Ï¡¢¥Ý¡¼¥ÈÈÖ¹æ¤ÎÈϰϤòÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤³¤ÎÈÏ°Ï¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Ý¡¼¥ÈÈÖ¹æ¤Î¤¦¤Á¤Î¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤¬¡¢
¥Ý¡¼¥ÈÈÖ¹æ¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿ (0 ¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿) ¥½¥±¥Ã¥ÈÍѤËÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÃͤò¼è¤êÆÀ¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Bl -tag -width IP_PORTRANGE_DEFAULT
.It Dv IP_PORTRANGE_DEFAULT
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤ÎÈϰϤΥݡ¼¥ÈÈÖ¹æÃͤò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Ä̾ï¤Ï
.Dv IPPORT_RESERVED
¤«¤é
.Dv IPPORT_USERRESERVED
¤Ç¤¹¡£
¤³¤ÎÃͤϡ¢sysctl ¤ÎÀßÄê¡¢
.Sy net.inet.ip.portrange.first
¤ª¤è¤Ó
.Sy net.inet.ip.portrange.last
¤òÄ̤·¤ÆÄ´À°¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
.It Dv IP_PORTRANGE_HIGH
¤Ï¡¢Â礭¤ÊÃͤÎÈϰϤΥݡ¼¥ÈÈÖ¹æ¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Ä̾ï¤Ï
.Dv IPPORT_HIFIRSTAUTO
¤ª¤è¤Ó
.Dv IPPORT_HILASTAUTO
¤Ç¤¹¡£
¤³¤ÎÃͤϡ¢sysctl¤ÎÀßÄê¡¢
.Sy net.inet.ip.portrange.hifirst
¤ª¤è¤Ó
.Sy net.inet.ip.portrange.hilast
¤òÄ̤·¤ÆÄ´À°¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
.It Dv IP_PORTRANGE_LOW
¤Ï¡¢¾®¤µ¤ÊÃͤÎÈϰϤΥݡ¼¥ÈÈÖ¹æ¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Ä̾ï¤Ï¡¢
.Ux
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¾å¤ÇÆø¢¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë»ÈÍѤ¬¸ÂÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤³¤ÎÃͤÎÈϰϤϡ¢Ä̾ï
.Dv IPPORT_RESERVED
¤«¤é
.Li 1
¤Þ¤Ç¤Ç¡¢¹ß½ç¤Ëʤó¤Ç¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ÎÃͤÎÈÏ°Ï¤Ï sysctl ¤Ç¤ÏÀßÄê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
.El
.Ss ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó
.Pp
.Tn IP 
¤Î¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¤Ï
.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
¤ª¤è¤Ó
.Dv SOCK_RAW
·¿¤Î
.Dv AF_INET
¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ç¡¢¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¥É¥é¥¤¥Ð¤¬¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È
¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Î¤ß¤Ç¹Ô¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Pp
.Dv IP_MULTICAST_TTL 
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢Á÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥°¥é¥à¤Î
À¸Â¸»þ´Ö (TTL) ÃͤòÊѹ¹¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤ÎÃͤòÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç
¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¤ÎÈϰϤòÀ©¸æ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Bd -literal
u_char ttl;	/*  0 ¤«¤é 255 ¤ÎÈÏ°Ï¡£ ¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃÍ¤Ï 1 */
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl));
.Ed
.Pp
TTL Ãͤ¬ 1 ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¡¢¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤òĶ¤¨¤Æ
žÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
TTL Ãͤ¬ 0 ¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¤É¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë¤âÁ÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤¬¡¢
¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥°¥é¥à¤òÁ÷¤Ã¤¿¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬Á÷¤êÀè¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë°¤·¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢
Á÷¿®¤ò¹Ô¤¦¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤¬¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ñ¥Ã¥¯¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð 
(²¼µ­»²¾È)¡¢¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë¤ÏÁ÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
TTL Ãͤ¬ 1 ¤è¤êÂ礭¤¤¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¡¢¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë
¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¥ë¡¼¥¿¤¬Àܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¡¢Â¾¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ËžÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Pp
Ê£¿ô¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤Ï¡¢³Æ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È
Á÷¿®¤Ï¡¢ºÇ½é¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤«¤é¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Dv IP_MULTICAST_IF 
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦¤È¡¢»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤¿¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤«¤é¤Î¼¡¤ÎÁ÷¿®¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥ÈÃͤò½ñ¤­¤«¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Bd -literal
struct in_addr addr;
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &addr, sizeof(addr));
.Ed
.Pp
¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢"addr" ¤Ï¡¢¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¤¤¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î
.Tn IP 
¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ç¤¹¡£¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¡¢
.Dv INADDR_ANY 
¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¡¢¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤ò¼¨¤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ª¤è¤Ó¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥ÈǽÎϤÎ
̵ͭ¤Ï¡¢
.Dv SIOCGIFCONF
¤ª¤è¤Ó
.Dv SIOCGIFFLAGS
ioctl ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë¤ÇÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
ÉáÄ̤Υ¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤¦É¬ÍפÏ
¤Ê¤¤¤Ï¤º¤Ç¤¹¡£
.Pp
¤â¤·¡¢¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥°¥é¥à¤¬Á÷¤ê¸µ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¼«¿È¤¬
°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥°¥ë¡¼¥× (Á÷¤êÀè¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¾å¤Ë¤¢¤ë) 
¤ËÁ÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Ø¤ÎÇÛÁ÷ÍѤˡ¢
¤½¤Î¥À¥¤¥¢¥°¥é¥à¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¬ IP Áؤˤè¤Ã¤Æ¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ð¥Ã¥¯
¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Dv IP_MULTICAST_LOOP
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢Á÷¿®¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ëº£¸å¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥°¥é¥à¤ò¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ð¥Ã¥¯
¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤òÀ©¸æ¤¹¤ë¸¢¸Â¤òÌÀ¼¨Åª¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Bd -literal
u_char loop;	/* 0 = ̵¸ú, 1 = Í­¸ú (¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È) */
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, sizeof(loop));
.Ed
.Pp
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢¼«¿È¤¬Á÷¿®¤·¤¿¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ëºÝ¤Î¥ª¡¼¥Ð¥Ø¥Ã¥É¤ò
·Ú¸º¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢1 ¤Ä¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë 1 ¤Ä¤·¤«¼ÂÂΤò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó
(Î㤨¤Ð¡¢¥ë¡¼¥¿¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó) ¤Î¥Ñ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥ó¥¹¤ò¸þ¾å¤µ¤»¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤³¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢1 ¤Ä¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¾å¤ÇÊ£¿ô¤Î¼ÂÂΤò»ý¤ÁÆÀ¤ë¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó
(Î㤨¤Ð¡¢²ñµÄ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à) ¤ä¡¢
Á÷¿®¸µ¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬Á÷¿®Àè¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë°¤µ¤Ê¤¤¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó (Î㤨¤Ð¡¢
»þ¹ïÌ䤤¹ç¤ï¤»¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à) ¤Ç¤Ï»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
.Pp
TTL ¤Î½é´üÃͤò 1 ¤è¤êÂ礭¤¯¤·¤ÆÁ÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¡¢
Á÷¿®¸µ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤È¤ÏÊ̤Υ¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¾å¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤éÁ÷¿®¸µ
¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤ËÇÛÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
¤¿¤À¤·¡¢Á÷¿®¸µ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤Êý¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¾å¤Ç¡¢
¤³¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬°¸Àè¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤¹¡£
¥ë¡¼¥×¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÇÛÁ÷¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ï
²¿¤Î¸úÎϤâ»ý¤Á¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
.Pp
¤¢¤ë¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤«¤éÁ÷¿®¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥°¥é¥à¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬¤½¤Î¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹¡£
¤¢¤ë¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Ë²Ã¤ï¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.Dv IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP 
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Bd -literal
struct ip_mreq mreq;
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &mreq, sizeof(mreq));
.Ed
.Pp
¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡¢
.Fa mreq
¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¹½Â¤ÂΤǤ¹¡£
.Bd -literal
struct ip_mreq {
    struct in_addr imr_multiaddr; /* ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤Î IP ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ */
    struct in_addr imr_interface; /* ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ */
}
.Ed
.Pp
¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤òÁªÂò¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.Dv imr_interface 
¤Ï
.Dv INADDR_ANY 
¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥Û¥¹¥È¤¬¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Û¡¼¥à¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ì¤Ð¡¢
ÆÃÄê¤Î¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥­¥ã¥¹¥È²Äǽ¤Ê¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Î
.Tn IP
¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ë»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹¡£
¥á¥ó¥Ð¥·¥Ã¥×¤Ï¡¢1 ¤Ä¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤Ë·ë¤Ó¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¡¢¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥Û¡¼¥à¥Û¥¹¥È¾å¤ÇÆ°ºî¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¡¢
1 ¤Ä°Ê¾å¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¾å¤ÇƱ°ì¤Î¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ËÆþ¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë
¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
1 ¤Ä¤Î¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤ËºÇÂç
.Dv IP_MAX_MEMBERSHIPS
(¸½ºß¤Ç¤Ï 20) ¸Ä¤Î¥á¥ó¥Ð¥·¥Ã¥×¤òÀßÄê¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Pp
¥á¥ó¥Ð¤«¤éÈ´¤±¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢°Ê²¼¤Î´Ø¿ô¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Bd -literal
struct ip_mreq mreq;
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP, &mreq, sizeof(mreq));
.Ed
.Pp
¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢
.Fa mreq
¤Ï¥á¥ó¥Ð¤Ë²Ã¤ï¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë»È¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤ÈƱ¤¸Ãͤ¬Æþ¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤òÊĤ¸¤¿¤ê
¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤¬½ªÎ»¤·¤¿¤ê¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¥á¥ó¥Ð¤«¤éÈ´¤±¤Þ¤¹¡£
.\"-----------------------
.Ss "raw IP ¥½¥±¥Ã¥È"
.Pp
raw
.Tn IP
¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡¢¥³¥Í¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»ý¤¿¤Ê¤¤¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ç¡¢
Ä̾ï¤Ï
.Xr sendto 2
¤ä
.Xr recvfrom 2
¥³¡¼¥ë¤È°ì½ï¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤¿¤À¤·¡¢
.Xr connect 2
¥³¡¼¥ë¤Ï¡¢
¤³¤ì¤«¤éή¤ì¤Æ¤¯¤ë¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ÎÁ÷¤êÀè¤òÄê¤á¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤â»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
(¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢
.Xr read 2
¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï
.Xr recv 2
¡¢¤ª¤è¤Ó
.Xr write 2
¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï
.Xr send 2
¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¡¼¥ë¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£)
.Pp
.Fa proto
¤¬ 0 ¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤ÎÁ÷¿®¤Ë¤Ï¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î
¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ç¤¢¤ë
.Dv IPPROTO_RAW
¤¬»È¤ï¤ì¡¢¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ë¸þ¤«¤Ã¤ÆÁ÷¤é¤ì¤Æ¤­¤¿¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤À¤±¤¬
¼õ¿®¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Fa proto
¤¬ 0 ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¡¢¤½¤Î¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤ÎÈֹ椬Á÷¿®¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¾å¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¡¢
¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÆþÎϥѥ±¥Ã¥È¤ò¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¥ê¥ó¥°¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Pp
Á÷¿®¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë
.Tn IP
¥Ø¥Ã¥À (¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢Á÷¤êÀ襢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ª¤è¤Ó¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤¬
ºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤­¤Î¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ëÈÖ¹æ¤Ë¤â¤É¤Å¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹)
¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¿¤À¤·¡¢
.Dv IP_HDRINCL
¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤¬ÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ï
.Tn IP
¥Ø¥Ã¥À¤ÏÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
¼õ¿®¥Ñ¥±¥Ã¥È¤Ï¡¢´°Á´¤Ê·Á¤Î
.Tn IP
¥Ø¥Ã¥À¤ª¤è¤Ó¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È°ì½ï¤Ë¼õ¤±¼è¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Pp
.Dv IP_HDRINCL 
¤Ï¡¢¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤È°ì½ï¤Ë´°Á´¤Ê IP ¥Ø¥Ã¥À¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò
¼¨¤·¡¢
.Dv SOCK_RAW 
·¿¤Ç¤·¤«»È¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
.Bd -literal
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>

int hincl = 1;                  /* 1: ¥ª¥ó , 0: ¥ª¥Õ */
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hincl, sizeof(hincl));
.Ed
.Pp
°ÊÁ°¤Î
.Tn BSD 
¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤È¤Ï°ã¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î IP ¥Ø¥Ã¥À
¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬É¬ÍפǤ¹¡£¤³¤ì¤Ë¤Ï¼¡¤Î¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É
¤â´Þ¤ß¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Bd -literal
ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
ip->ip_hl = hlen >> 2;
ip->ip_id = 0;  /* 0 ¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬Å¬ÀÚ¤ÊÃͤò
                   ÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£ */
ip->ip_off = offset;
.Ed
.Pp
¥Ø¥Ã¥À¤ÎÁ÷¤ê¸µ¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬
.Dv INADDR_ANY
¤ËÀßÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤é¡¢
¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤¬Å¬Àڤʥ¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÁªÂò¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Sh ¿ÇÃÇ
¥½¥±¥Ã¥ÈÁàºî¤¬¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¨¥é¡¼¤Î¤¤¤º¤ì¤«¤òÊÖ¤·¤Æ¼ºÇÔ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬
¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Bl -tag -width [EADDRNOTAVAIL]
.It Bq Er EISCONN
¤¹¤Ç¤ËÀܳ¤¬³ÎΩ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤ËÀܳ¤ò»î¤ß¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤ä¡¢
Á÷¤êÀ襢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò»ØÄꤷ¤Æ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥°¥é¥à¤òÁ÷¿®¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë
Á÷¤êÀè¤Î¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤¬¤¹¤Ç¤ËÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤ËÀ¸¤¸¤Þ¤¹¡£
.It Bq Er ENOTCONN
¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥°¥é¥à¤òÁ÷¿®¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë¡¢Á÷¤êÀ襢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬
»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤é¤º¡¢¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤¬¤Þ¤ÀÀܳ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤ËÀ¸¤¸¤Þ¤¹¡£
.It Bq Er ENOBUFS
ÆâÉô¤Î¥Ç¡¼¥¿¹½Â¤¤Ç¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¥á¥â¥ê¤ò»È¤¤²Ì¤¿¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤Ë
À¸¤¸¤Þ¤¹¡£
.It Bq Er EADDRNOTAVAIL
¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤òºîÀ®¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢
¤½¤Î¤¿¤á¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¤¬Â¸ºß¤·¤Ê¤¤¤È¤­¤Ë
À¸¤¸¤Þ¤¹¡£
.It Bq Er EACESS
Æø¢¤Î¤Ê¤¤¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ raw IP ¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤òºîÀ®¤·¤è¤¦¤È
¤·¤¿¤È¤­¤ËÀ¸¤¸¤Þ¤¹¡£
.El
.Pp
¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¡¢
.Tn IP
¤ËÆÃÍ­¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬
.Tn IP
¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÀßÄꤷ¤¿¤ê¼èÆÀ¤·¤¿¤ê¤¹¤ëºÝ¤ËÀ¸¤¸¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
.Bl -tag -width EADDRNOTAVAILxx
.It Bq Er EINVAL
¥½¥±¥Ã¥È¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó̾¤ËÉÔÌÀ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£
.It Bq Er EINVAL
IP ¤Î¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬Å¬ÀڤʷÁ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¤Ç¤·¤¿¡£
¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¥Õ¥£¡¼¥ë¥É¤¬ºÇ¾®Ãͤè¤êû¤«¤Ã¤¿¤ê¡¢
Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤¿¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¤è¤ê¤âŤ«¤Ã¤¿¤ê¤·¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£
.El
.Sh ´ØÏ¢¹àÌÜ
.Xr getsockopt 2 ,
.Xr recv 2 ,
.Xr send 2 ,
.Xr icmp 4 ,
.Xr inet 4 ,
.Xr intro 4
.Sh Îò»Ë
.Nm
¥×¥í¥È¥³¥ë¤Ï¡¢
.Bx 4.2
¤«¤éÅо줷¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£