7543 lines
282 KiB
XML
7543 lines
282 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="koi8-r"?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD DocBook XML V5.0-Based Extension//EN"
|
||
"http://www.FreeBSD.org/XML/share/xml/freebsd50.dtd" [
|
||
<!ENTITY bibliography SYSTEM "../../../share/xml/bibliography.xml">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel.numbranch "4"> <!-- number of branches that follow in this list -->
|
||
<!ENTITY rel.head "<emphasis xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>11-CURRENT</emphasis>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel.head.relx "11.<replaceable xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>X</replaceable>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel.head.releng "<symbol xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>head/</symbol>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel.relx "10.<replaceable xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>X</replaceable>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel.stable "<emphasis xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>10-STABLE</emphasis>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel.releng "<symbol xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>stable/10/</symbol>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel.relengdate "× ÑÎ×ÁÒÅ 2014 ÇÏÄÁ">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel2.relx "9.<replaceable xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>X</replaceable>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel2.stable "<emphasis xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>9-STABLE</emphasis>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel2.releng "<symbol xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>stable/9/</symbol>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel2.relengdate "× ÓÅÎÔÑÂÒÅ 2011 ÇÏÄÁ">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel3.relx "8.<replaceable xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>X</replaceable>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel3.stable "<emphasis xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>8-STABLE</emphasis>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel3.releng "<symbol xmlns='http://docbook.org/ns/docbook'>stable/8/</symbol>">
|
||
<!ENTITY rel3.relengdate "× Á×ÇÕÓÔÅ 2009 ÇÏÄÁ">
|
||
]>
|
||
<!--
|
||
The FreeBSD Russian Documentation Project
|
||
|
||
$FreeBSDru: frdp/doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/book.xml,v 1.213 2007/05/14 19:27:34 gad Exp $
|
||
|
||
Original revision: r46459
|
||
-->
|
||
<book xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<info><title>þÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÐÏ &os;
|
||
&rel3.relx;, &rel2.relx; É &rel.relx;</title>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<author><orgname>ðÒÏÅËÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ &os;</orgname></author>
|
||
|
||
<copyright>
|
||
<year>1995</year>
|
||
<year>1996</year>
|
||
<year>1997</year>
|
||
<year>1998</year>
|
||
<year>1999</year>
|
||
<year>2000</year>
|
||
<year>2001</year>
|
||
<year>2002</year>
|
||
<year>2003</year>
|
||
<year>2004</year>
|
||
<year>2005</year>
|
||
<year>2006</year>
|
||
<year>2007</year>
|
||
<year>2008</year>
|
||
<year>2009</year>
|
||
<year>2010</year>
|
||
<year>2011</year>
|
||
<year>2012</year>
|
||
<year>2013</year>
|
||
<year>2014</year>
|
||
<year>2015</year>
|
||
<holder>The &os; Documentation Project</holder>
|
||
</copyright>
|
||
|
||
&legalnotice;
|
||
|
||
<legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
|
||
&tm-attrib.freebsd;
|
||
&tm-attrib.adobe;
|
||
&tm-attrib.ibm;
|
||
&tm-attrib.ieee;
|
||
&tm-attrib.intel;
|
||
&tm-attrib.linux;
|
||
&tm-attrib.microsoft;
|
||
&tm-attrib.netbsd;
|
||
&tm-attrib.opengroup;
|
||
&tm-attrib.sgi;
|
||
&tm-attrib.sun;
|
||
&tm-attrib.general;
|
||
</legalnotice>
|
||
|
||
<releaseinfo>$FreeBSD$</releaseinfo>
|
||
|
||
<abstract>
|
||
<para>üÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÁË ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÍ
|
||
<acronym>FAQ</acronym> (Frequently Asked Questions),
|
||
ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ ÓÐÉÓËÏÍ þÁÓÔÏ úÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÷ÏÐÒÏÓÏ× ÐÏ &os; ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
|
||
&rel3.relx;, &rel2.relx; É &rel.relx;.
|
||
íÙ ÐÒÉÌÁÇÁÅÍ ×ÓÅ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ
|
||
<acronym>FAQ</acronym> ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÔÉ×ÎÙÍ; ÅÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÅÓÔØ ÉÄÅÉ ÐÏ ÅÇÏ ÕÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÀ,
|
||
ÛÌÉÔÅ ÉÈ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ &a.doc;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ÒÅÄÁËÃÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ Ó <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/index.html">
|
||
Web-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ &os;</link>. åÇÏ ÔÁËÖÅ
|
||
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ × ×ÉÄÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ <link xlink:href="book.html">
|
||
HTML-ÆÁÊÌÁ</link> ÐÏ HTTP ÉÌÉ × ÒÑÄÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ× Ó <link
|
||
xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/">FTP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ</link>.</para>
|
||
</abstract>
|
||
</info>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="introduction">
|
||
<title>÷ÓÔÕÐÌÅÎÉÅ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="what-is-FreeBSD">
|
||
<para>&os; - ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&os; - ÜÔÏ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÙÈ
|
||
ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ×, ÎÏÕÔÂÕËÏ×, ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× É ×ÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
|
||
Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/platforms/">ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍ</link>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÏÓÎÏ×Å &os; ÌÅÖÉÔ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
|
||
<quote>4.4BSD-Lite</quote> ëÁÌÉÆÏÒÎÉÊÓËÏÇÏ õÎÉ×ÅÒÓÉÔÅÔÁ (âÅÒËÌÉ)
|
||
Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÕÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑÍÉ ÉÚ <quote>4.4BSD-Lite2</quote>.
|
||
ôÁËÖÅ ÏÎÁ ËÏÓ×ÅÎÎÏ
|
||
ÂÁÚÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ 386BSD (BSD Net/2, ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓ£ÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÕ &i386;
|
||
õÉÌØÑÍÏÍ äÖÏÌÉÔÃÅÍ (William Jolitz)), ÈÏÔÑ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ËÏÄÁ ÏÓÔÁÌÏÓØ ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÁÌÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>&os; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÑÍÉ, éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ-ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁÍÉ,
|
||
ÎÁÕÞÎÙÍÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÎÉËÁÍÉ, ÐÒÏÆÅÓÓÉÏÎÁÌÁÍÉ × ×ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÔÅÈÎÉËÅ,
|
||
ÓÔÕÄÅÎÔÁÍÉ É ÒÑÄÏ×ÙÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÍÉÒÕ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ,
|
||
ÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÏÔÄÙÈÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÚÎÁËÏÍÓÔ×Á Ó &os; ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
|
||
<link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/index.html">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Õ
|
||
ÐÏ &os;</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="FreeBSD-goals">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÏ×Á ÃÅÌØ &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ãÅÌØ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ &os; - ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÂÙÓÔÒÕÀ É ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÕÀ
|
||
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÏÂÝÅÇÏ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × ÌÀÂÙÈ ÃÅÌÑÈ ÂÅÚ ËÁËÉÈ-ÌÉÂÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="bsd-license-restrictions">
|
||
<para>åÓÔØ ÌÉ × ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ &os; ËÁËÉÅ-ÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ. üÔÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ ËÁÓÁÀÔÓÑ ÁÓÐÅËÔÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
|
||
ËÏÄÁ, ÎÏ ÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÅ Ë ðÒÏÅËÔÕ &os;.
|
||
ôÅËÓÔ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/copyright/freebsd-license.html">ÚÄÅÓØ</link>,
|
||
É ×ËÒÁÔÃÅ ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÌÏÖÅÎ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>îÅ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÏ ×ÁÍÉ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>îÅ ÓÕÄÉÔÅÓØ Ó ÎÁÍÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>îÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÊÔÅ É ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÊÔÅ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÀ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÎÁÓ ×ËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÀÔ × ÐÒÏÅËÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ É
|
||
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏ ÂÙÌÉ ÂÙ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÔÉ× ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÆÉÎÁÎÓÏ×ÏÊ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ, ÎÏ
|
||
ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØ Å£ ÍÙ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÍ. íÙ ÎÁÄÅÅÍÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁÛÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÁÑ É ÓÁÍÁÑ
|
||
ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ <quote>ÍÉÓÓÉÑ</quote> - ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ËÏÄ ×ÓÅÍ
|
||
ÖÅÌÁÀÝÉÍ, ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ ÎÁÛÅÌ ÓÁÍÏÅ ÛÉÒÏËÏÅ
|
||
ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ É ÐÒÉÎ£Ó ÎÁÉÂÏÌØÛÕÀ ÐÏÌØÚÕ. üÔÏ, ÎÁ ÎÁÛ ×ÚÇÌÑÄ, ÏÄÎÁ
|
||
ÉÚ ÓÁÍÙÈ ÆÕÎÄÁÍÅÎÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ Free Software, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÙ Ó
|
||
ÜÎÔÕÚÉÁÚÍÏÍ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÁÓÔØ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÎÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÏÄÐÁÄÁÀÝÁÑ ÐÏÄ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅ
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING">GNU General
|
||
Public License (GPL)</link> ÉÌÉ <link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB">GNU Library
|
||
General Public License (LGPL)</link>, ÉÍÅÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
|
||
ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, ÈÏÔÑ É ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÎÁ×ÑÚÙ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë
|
||
ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍ ÔÅËÓÔÁÍ, Á ÎÅ ÎÁÏÂÏÒÏÔ, ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÏ. éÚ-ÚÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
|
||
ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÏÇÏ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ GPL, ÍÙ ÓÔÁÒÁÅÍÓÑ, ÇÄÅ
|
||
ÔÏÌØËÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÙÍ, ÎÏ ÐÏÄÐÁÄÁÀÝÉÍ ÐÏÄ ÍÅÎÅÅ ÓÔÒÏÇÕÀ <link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html">
|
||
ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÀ &os;</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="replace-current-OS">
|
||
<para>íÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ &os; ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÕÀ
|
||
ÍÎÏÀ ÓÅÊÞÁÓ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÌÀÄÅÊ, ÄÁ. îÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÅ ÔÁË ÕÖ
|
||
ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÅÎ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ
|
||
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. ïÎÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ó ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÍÉ. éÍÅÎÎÏ
|
||
ÐÒÉËÌÁÄÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. &os;
|
||
ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÄÁÔØ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÅ É ÐÏÌÎÏÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÅ
|
||
ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ. ïÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÛÉÒÏËÉÊ ÓÐÅËÔÒ
|
||
Web-ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒÏ×, ÏÆÉÓÎÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ
|
||
ÐÏÞÔÏÊ, ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÓÒÅÄ, ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ× É
|
||
ÍÎÏÇÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ. âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÜÔÉÈ
|
||
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÏ ÉÚ <link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/">ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ
|
||
ðÏÒÔÏ×</link>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÔÏ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÅÓÔØ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏÓÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÈÏÖÁÑ
|
||
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÄÌÑ &os;. ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÏÆÉÓÁ,
|
||
ÉÌÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, ÉÌÉ ÎÁÄÅÖÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÊ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ &os;
|
||
ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ. íÎÏÇÉÅ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÍÕ ÍÉÒÕ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ËÁË ÎÏ×ÉÞËÏ×, ÔÁË É ÏÐÙÔÎÙÈ
|
||
ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏ× &unix;, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ &os; × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å Ó×ÏÅÊ
|
||
ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØÎÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÅ ÎÁ &os; Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ
|
||
&unix; ÎÁÊÄÕÔ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÂÑ &os; ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÈÏÖÅÊ. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ
|
||
&windows; É &macos;, ÎÁÐÒÏÔÉ×, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÔØ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.pcbsd.org/">PC-BSD</link>,
|
||
ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ× ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å &os;. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉ ÄÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ &unix;, ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÚÁÔÒÁÔÉÔØ
|
||
ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÁ ÉÚÕÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÁ &unix; Ë ÒÁÂÏÔÅ.
|
||
üÔÏÔ <acronym>FAQ</acronym> É <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/index.html">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Ï ÐÏ
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||
&os;</link> Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÅËÒÁÓÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÜÔÏ
|
||
ÉÚÕÞÅÎÉÅ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="why-called-FreeBSD">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
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||
<para>ïÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÂÅÚÏ ×ÓÑÞÅÓËÉÈ ×ÙÐÌÁÔ, ÄÁÖÅ
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||
ÄÌÑ ÉÚ×ÌÅÞÅÎÉÑ ×ÙÇÏÄÙ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
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||
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||
<listitem>
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||
<para>÷ÓÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ
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||
ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÌÏÖÅÎÙ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ.</para>
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||
</listitem>
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||
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||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ìÀÂÏÊ, Õ ËÏÇÏ ÅÓÔØ ÕÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ,
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ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ Ó×ÏÊ ËÏÄ É ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ (ÐÒÁ×ÄÁ, Ó ÐÁÒÏÊ
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||
ÏÇÏ×ÏÒÏË) ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ × ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÏÔÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÌÏ×Ï <quote>free</quote>
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÚÄÅÓØ × Ä×ÕÈ ÓÍÙÓÌÁÈ: ÏÄÉÎ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ
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<quote>ÂÅÓÐÌÁÔÎÏ</quote>, Á ÄÒÕÇÏÊ <quote>ÄÅÌÁÔØ ×Ó£,
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ÞÔÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ</quote>. úÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÁÒÙ ×ÅÝÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù
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<emphasis>ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ</emphasis> ÄÅÌÁÔØ Ó &os;, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
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||
ÐÒÅÔÅÎÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÅÓØ Å£ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏÍ, ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ
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|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="differences-to-other-bsds">
|
||
<para>÷ Þ£Í ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÎÉÃÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ &os; É NetBSD, OpenBSD
|
||
É ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ Ó ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÍÉ ËÏÄÁÍÉ
|
||
ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á BSD?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÖÅÊÍÓ èÏ×ÁÒÄ (James Howard) ÓÏÚÄÁÌ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ÉÓÔÏÒÉÉ É ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁÍÉ ÐÏÄ
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||
ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅÍ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.freebsdworld.gr/freebsd/bsd-family-tree.html">óÅÍÅÊÎÏÅ
|
||
ÄÒÅ×Ï BSD</link>, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ
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||
ÜÔÏÔ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÔÁÍ ÕÓÔÁÒÅÌÁ, ÎÏ
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||
ÉÓÔÏÒÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ÔÏÞÎÏÊ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÐÒÏÅËÔÏ× ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á BSD ÏÂÍÅÎÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
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||
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍÉ É ÇÏÔÏ×ÙÍ ËÏÄÏÍ ÄÁÖÅ ÓÅÇÏÄÎÑ. ÷ÓÅ ÏÎÉ
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||
ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÔ ÏÔ ÏÂÝÅÇÏ ÐÒÅÄËÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ãÅÌÉ ÐÒÏÅËÔÁ &os; ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ×ÙÛÅ × <xref
|
||
linkend="FreeBSD-goals"/>. ãÅÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ
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||
ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÅËÔÏ× ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á BSD ÍÏÖÎÏ ËÒÁÔËÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÔØ
|
||
ÔÁË:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>OpenBSD × ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÏÒÉÅÎÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ
|
||
ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ OpenBSD
|
||
ÎÁÐÉÓÁÌÁ &man.ssh.1; É &man.pf.4;, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÔÅÍ ÂÙÌÉ
|
||
ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ×Ï &os;.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>NetBSD ÏÒÉÅÎÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÅ ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ
|
||
ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>DragonFly BSD ÏÔÄÅÌÉÌÁÓØ ÏÔ &os; 4.8,
|
||
É Ó ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ × ÎÅÊ ÂÙÌÉ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÙ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙÅ
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||
ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ HAMMER É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ <quote>vkernels</quote>
|
||
— ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÑÄÒÁ × ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="latest-version">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÏ×Á ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÁ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ &os; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ
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||
ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÈ ×ÅÔÏË. òÅÌÉÚÙ &rel.relx; ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔÓÑ
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||
ÉÚ ×ÅÔËÉ &rel.stable;, Á ÒÅÌÉÚÙ &rel2.relx; ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ
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||
&rel2.stable;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÏ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁ 9.0 ÌÉÎÅÊËÁ &rel2.relx; ÂÙÌÁ
|
||
ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ ËÁË <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>.
|
||
ïÄÎÁËÏ Ë ÍÏÍÅÎÔÕ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ &rel.head.relx; ÌÉÎÅÊËÁ &rel2.relx;
|
||
ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ <quote>extended support</quote> (ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÁÑ
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||
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ), É ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÎÏÓÉÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÙÈ
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||
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØÀ.
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||
<!--éÚ
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||
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||
ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ <quote>legacy</quote> (ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÛÁÑ), É ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï
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||
ÔÅËÕÝÉÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÖÅ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÔÏÌØËÏ &rel.stable; É
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||
&rel2.stable;.--></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ÅÒÓÉÑ <link
|
||
xlink:href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/i386/&rel.current;-RELEASE/">&rel.current;</link>,
|
||
ÄÁÔÁ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ &rel.current.date;, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ
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||
× ×ÅÔËÅ &rel.stable;. ÷ÅÒÓÉÑ <link
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||
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|
||
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||
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|
||
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||
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ËÒÁÔÃÅ, ÔÏ ×ÅÔËÁ <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÝÉËÁÍ ÕÓÌÕÇ Internet, ËÏÒÐÏÒÁÔÉ×ÎÙÍ
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||
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||
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||
ÒÅÌÉÚÁ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍÉ (É, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÎÅÎÁÄ£ÖÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÍÉ)
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||
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÁ <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>.
|
||
òÅÌÉÚÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÉÚ ÌÀÂÏÊ ×ÅÔËÉ, ÎÏ
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||
<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ
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||
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||
ÓÏ <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>) ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑÍ × ÒÁÂÏÔÅ
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||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>òÅÌÉÚÙ ÄÅÌÁÀÔÓÑ <link linkend="release-freq">ÒÁÚ ×
|
||
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|
||
ÁËÔÕÁÌØÎÏÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× &os; (ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ
|
||
×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ Ï <link linkend="current">&os.current;</link> É <link linkend="stable">&os.stable;</link>), ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,
|
||
ÔÁË ËÁË ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÒÅÌÉÚÁÈ &os; ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
|
||
ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/releng/index.html">éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
|
||
Ï ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ×</link> É ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
|
||
&man.release.7;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="current">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ <emphasis>&os;-CURRENT</emphasis>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para><link
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||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/current-stable.html#current">
|
||
&os.current;</link> - ÜÔÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
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||
ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÁÑÓÑ × ÓÔÁÄÉÉ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÏÔÏÍ ÓÔÁÔØ
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||
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||
ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É Å£ ÆÁÎÁÔÏ×.
|
||
ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <link
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||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/current-stable.html#current">
|
||
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</link> <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/index.html">
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||
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||
<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ÎÅ ÚÎÁËÏÍÙÍ Ó &os;, ÎÅ
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||
ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ &os.current;. üÔÁ ×ÅÔ×Ø ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ
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||
ÏÞÅÎØ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ É ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÁ.
|
||
ôÅ, ËÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ &os.current;, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ
|
||
ÉÚÕÞÉÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ, ÎÁÊÔÉ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÕ É ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ Ï ÜÔÏÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>éÚ ×ÅÔÏË <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> É
|
||
<emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ <link
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||
xlink:href="&url.base;/snapshots/">ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÙ</link> &os;.
|
||
éÈ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ôÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>äÁÔØ ÌÀÄÑÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÈÏÔÑÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó
|
||
<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> ÉÌÉ <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>,
|
||
ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÉÌÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ (ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÎÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ)
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||
ÄÌÑ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÅÖÅÄÎÅ×ÎÙÈ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ţ
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||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>æÉËÓÁÃÉÑ ÔÏÞËÉ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÓÙÌÏË × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ,
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||
ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÚÖÅ ÍÙ ÞÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÏÞÅÎØ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÓÌÏÍÁÅÍ. (èÏÔÑ
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||
Subversion, ËÁË
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||
ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÌÕÞÉÔØÓÑ ÎÉÞÅÍÕ ÔÁËÏÍÕ ÕÖÁÓÎÏÍÕ.)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷ÓÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,
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||
ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ËÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÔÅÓÔÅÒÏ×.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
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|
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|
||
ÌÏËÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
|
||
<filename>/usr/share/locale</filename> × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ &os;.
|
||
îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
|
||
ÑÚÙËÉ É ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
|
||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry>ëÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÁ</entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>ñÚÙË</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>en_US.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>áÎÇÌÉÊÓËÉÊ (óûá)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>bn_BD.ISO10646-1</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>âÅÎÇÁÌØÓËÉÊ ÉÌÉ âÁÎÇÌÁ (âÁÎÇÌÁÄÅÛ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>da_DK.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>äÁÔÓËÉÊ (äÁÎÉÑ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>de_DE.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>îÅÍÅÃËÉÊ (çÅÒÍÁÎÉÑ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>el_GR.ISO8859-7</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>çÒÅÞÅÓËÉÊ (çÒÅÃÉÑ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>es_ES.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>éÓÐÁÎÓËÉÊ (éÓÐÁÎÉÑ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>fr_FR.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>æÒÁÎÃÕÚÓËÉÊ (æÒÁÎÃÉÑ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>hu_HU.ISO8859-2</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>÷ÅÎÇÅÒÓËÉÊ (÷ÅÎÇÒÉÑ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>it_IT.ISO8859-15</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>éÔÁÌØÑÎÓËÉÊ (éÔÁÌÉÑ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>ja_JP.eucJP</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>ñÐÏÎÓËÉÊ (ñÐÏÎÉÑ, ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÁ EUC)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>mn_MN.UTF-8</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>íÏÎÇÏÌØÓËÉÊ (íÏÎÇÏÌÉÑ, ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÁ UTF-8)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>nl_NL.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>çÏÌÌÁÎÄÓËÉÊ (îÉÄÅÒÌÁÎÄÙ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>no_NO.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>îÏÒ×ÅÖÓËÉÊ (îÏÒ×ÅÇÉÑ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>pl_PL.ISO8859-2</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>ðÏÌØÓËÉÊ (ðÏÌØÛÁ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>pt_BR.ISO8859-1</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>ðÏÒÔÕÇÁÌØÓËÉÊ (âÒÁÚÉÌÉÑ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>ru_RU.KOI8-R</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>òÕÓÓËÉÊ (òÏÓÓÉÑ, ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÁ KOI8-R)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>sr_YU.ISO8859-2</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>óÅÒÂÓËÉÊ (óÅÒÂÉÑ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>tr_TR.ISO8859-9</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>ôÕÒÅÃËÉÊ (ôÕÒÃÉÑ)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>zh_CN.UTF-8</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>õÐÒÏÝ£ÎÎÙÊ ËÉÔÁÊÓËÉÊ (ëÉÔÁÊ, ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÁ
|
||
UTF-8)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>zh_TW.UTF-8</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>ôÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ËÉÔÁÊÓËÉÊ (ôÁÊ×ÁÎØ, ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÁ
|
||
UTF-8)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</tgroup>
|
||
</informaltable>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØÓÑ ÎÅ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ
|
||
ÑÚÙËÁÈ.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>æÏÒÍÁÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ. íÙ ÓÏÚÄÁ£Í ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ × ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ
|
||
ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ. õ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏ× ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ Ó×ÏÉ ÐÌÀÓÙ
|
||
É Ó×ÏÉ ÍÉÎÕÓÙ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÔ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ
|
||
× on-line, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÁË ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÜÓÔÅÔÉÞÎÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÑÝÅÊ ÎÁ ÂÕÍÁÇÅ ËÏÐÉÉ. îÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ
|
||
×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÒÏÞÔÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÎÁÛÉÍÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ ÌÀÂÏÊ Å£ ÞÁÓÔÉ ËÁË Ó ÜËÒÁÎÁ ÍÏÎÉÔÏÒÁ, ÔÁË
|
||
É ÎÁ ÂÕÍÁÇÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ ÐÅÞÁÔØ. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ
|
||
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ;</para>
|
||
|
||
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
|
||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry>æÏÒÍÁÔ</entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>html-split</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>îÁÂÏÒ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÈ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÒÕÇ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÍ
|
||
HTML-ÆÁÊÌÏ×.</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>html</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>ïÄÉÎ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ HTML-ÆÁÊÌ, ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ
|
||
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ.</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>pdf</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>Adobe's Portable Document Format</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>ps</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>&postscript;</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>rtf</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>Rich Text Format ÏÔ µsoft;</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>txt</literal></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>ïÂÙÞÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</tgroup>
|
||
</informaltable>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>îÏÍÅÒÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉà ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ Rich Text Format ×
|
||
Word Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ. äÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <keycombo action="simul">
|
||
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>A</keycap>
|
||
</keycombo>,
|
||
<keycombo action="simul">
|
||
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap><keycap>End</keycap></keycombo>,
|
||
<keycap>F9</keycap> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>óÐÏÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÁÒÈÉ×Á.</para>
|
||
|
||
<orderedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ <literal>html-split</literal>, ÆÁÊÌÙ
|
||
ÁÒÈÉ×ÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.tar.1;. ðÏÌÕÞÁÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>.tar</filename> ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÖÁÔÉÀ ÐÏ
|
||
ÓÈÅÍÁÍ, ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÍÙÍ ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷ÓÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÀÔ ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁÊÌ.
|
||
îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, <filename>article.pdf</filename>,
|
||
<filename>book.html</filename>, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÚÁÔÅÍ ÓÖÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ Ä×ÕÍ ÓÈÅÍÁÍ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ,
|
||
<literal>zip</literal> ÉÌÉ <literal>bz2</literal>.
|
||
äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÜÔÉÍÉ ÆÁÊÌÁÍÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
&man.tar.1;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÓÖÁÔÁÑ × <literal>bzip2</literal>
|
||
×ÅÒÓÉÑ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ &postscript;, ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
Ó ÉÍÅÎÅÍ <filename>book.ps.bz2</filename> × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
|
||
<filename>handbook/</filename>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ É ÓÐÏÓÏÂÁ ËÏÍÐÒÅÓÓÉÉ, ÓÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ
|
||
ÕÐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÒÁÓÐÁËÕÊÔÅ ÉÈ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ
|
||
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÍÅÓÔÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×ÅÒÓÉÑ <acronym>FAQ</acronym> × ×ÉÄÅ
|
||
ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÙÈ HTML-ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÕÐÁËÏ×ÁÎÎÁÑ
|
||
ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ &man.bzip2.1;, ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>doc/ru_RU.KOI8-R/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</filename>.
|
||
äÌÑ ÓÇÒÕÚËÉ É ÒÁÓÐÁËÏ×ËÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>fetch ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>tar xvf book.html-split.tar.bz2</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÖÁÔ, <application>tar</application>
|
||
Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ É ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ
|
||
ÒÁÓÐÁËÕÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ × ÎÁÂÏÒ ÆÁÊÌÏ× <filename>.html</filename>.
|
||
çÌÁ×ÎÙÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <filename>index.html</filename>, É × Î£Í
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÏÇÌÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ, ××ÏÄÎÙÊ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÁÌ É ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ
|
||
ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="mailing">
|
||
<para>çÄÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÓÐÉÓËÁÍ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ &os;?
|
||
ëÁËÉÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÔÅÌÅËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÉ ÐÏ &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>éÓÞÅÒÐÙ×ÁÀÝÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/eresources.html#eresources-mail">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</link>
|
||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÓ×ÑݣΠÓÐÉÓËÁÍ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ, É × <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/eresources-news.html">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</link>
|
||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ËÁÓÁÀÝÅÍÓÑ ÔÅÌÅËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÊ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="irc">
|
||
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÌÉ ËÁÎÁÌÙ IRC (Internet Relay Chat) ÐÏ
|
||
&os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ, ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓÅÔÅÊ IRC ÉÍÅÀÔ ËÁÎÁÌ &os;:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ëÁÎÁÌ <literal>#FreeBSDhelp</literal> × ÓÅÔÉ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.efnet.org/index.php">EFNet</link>
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ &os;.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ëÁÎÁÌ <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> × ÓÅÔÉ
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://freenode.net/">Freenode</link>
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÏÂÝÅÇÏ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÁ, ÎÁ ΣÍ
|
||
× ÌÀÂÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÓÅÔÉÔÅÌÅÊ.
|
||
ïÂÝÅÎÉÅ × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÕÖÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ Ó×ÏÅÊ
|
||
ÔÅÎÄÅÎÃÉÅÊ Ó×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÒÁÚÇÏ×ÏÒÁÍ ÎÅ ÐÏ ÔÅÍÅ, ÎÏ ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔ
|
||
ÏÔÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ Ó ×ÏÐÒÏÓÁÍÉ ÐÏ &os;. äÒÕÇÉÅ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÐÏÍÏÇÕÔ ÒÁÚÏÂÒÁÔØÓÑ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÈ,
|
||
ÏÔÓÙÌÁÑ Ë òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Õ ÐÏ ÍÅÒÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ É ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÑ
|
||
ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÌÕÂÏËÏÇÏ ÉÚÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÀÝÉÈ ÔÅÍ.
|
||
üÔÏ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÁÎÇÌÏÇÏ×ÏÒÑÝÉÊ ËÁÎÁÌ, ÎÏ ÔÕÄÁ
|
||
ÐÒÉÈÏÄÑÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÍÉÒÁ. ôÅÍ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÇÏ
|
||
ÁÎÇÌÉÊÓËÉÊ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÒÏÄÎÙÍ, ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÓÐÅÒ×Á ÚÁÄÁÔØ
|
||
×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÎÁ ÁÎÇÌÉÊÓËÏÍ É ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ
|
||
ËÁÎÁÌ <literal>##freebsd-lang</literal>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ëÁÎÁÌ <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> × ÓÅÔÉ <link xlink:href="http://www.dal.net/">DALNET</link>
|
||
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ <systemitem>irc.dal.net</systemitem> × óûá É ÎÁ
|
||
<systemitem>irc.eu.dal.net</systemitem> × å×ÒÏÐÅ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ëÁÎÁÌ <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> × ÓÅÔÉ <link xlink:href="http://www.undernet.org/">UNDERNET</link>
|
||
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ <systemitem>us.undernet.org</systemitem> × óûá É
|
||
<systemitem>eu.undernet.org</systemitem> × å×ÒÏÐÅ. ôÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏ ËÁÎÁÌ
|
||
×ÚÁÉÍÏÐÏÍÏÝÉ, ÐÒÉÇÏÔÏ×ØÔÅÓØ Ë ÞÔÅÎÉÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ
|
||
×ÁÓ ÏÔÏÛÌÀÔ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ëÁÎÁÌ <literal>#FreeBSD</literal> × ÓÅÔÉ
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://www.rusnet.org.ru/">RUSNET</link>
|
||
ÜÔÏ ËÁÎÁÌ ÄÌÑ ÒÕÓÓËÏÇÏ×ÏÒÑÝÉÈ ÐÏÓÅÔÉÔÅÌÅÊ, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÊ
|
||
ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ &os;. ôÁËÖÅ ÜÔÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÎÅÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÕÓÓÉÊ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ëÁÎÁÌ <literal>#bsdchat</literal> × ÓÅÔÉ
|
||
<link xlink:href="http://freenode.net/">Freenode</link>
|
||
ÜÔÏ ËÁÎÁÌ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÅÔÉÔÅÌÅÊ, ÇÏ×ÏÒÑÝÉÈ ÎÁ ËÉÔÁÊÓËÏÍ
|
||
ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÑÚÙËÅ (ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÁ UTF-8), ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÊ
|
||
ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ &os;. ôÁËÖÅ ÜÔÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÎÅÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÄÉÓËÕÓÓÉÊ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÁ &os; wiki ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://wiki.freebsd.org/IrcChannels">ÈÏÒÏÛÉÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË</link>
|
||
ËÁÎÁÌÏ× IRC.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ÓÅ ËÁÎÁÌÙ ÒÁÚÎÙÅ É ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ ÄÒÕÇ Ë ÄÒÕÇÕ.
|
||
ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÉÈ ÓÔÉÌÉ ÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ËÁÖÄÙÊ,
|
||
ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄ£ÔÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ×ÁÛÅÍÕ ÓÔÉÌÀ ÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="forums">
|
||
<para>åÓÔØ ÌÉ ËÁËÉÅ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ web-ÆÏÒÕÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÑ &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÆÉÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÏÒÕÍÙ &os; ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ <link xlink:href="https://forums.FreeBSD.org/">https://forums.FreeBSD.org/</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="training">
|
||
<para>çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÊÔÉ ÐÌÁÔÎÙÅ ËÕÒÓÙ ÐÏ &os; É ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
|
||
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para><link xlink:href="http://www.ixsystems.com">iXsystems, Inc.</link>,
|
||
ÄÏÞÅÒÎÅÊ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÅÊ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <link xlink:href="http://www.freebsdmall.com/">&os; Mall</link>,
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ <link xlink:href="http://www.ixsystems.com/bsdsupport">ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ</link>
|
||
&os; É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ PC-BSD ÎÁ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÏÊ
|
||
ÏÓÎÏ×Å, × ÄÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÅ &os; É ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑÍ, ÔÒÅÂÕÀÝÉÍ
|
||
ÔÏÎËÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>BSD Certification Group, Inc. ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÅÒÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÀ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ DragonFly BSD, &os;,
|
||
NetBSD É OpenBSD. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
|
||
ÐÏÓÅÔÉÔÅ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.BSDCertification.org">ÉÈ
|
||
ÓÁÊÔ</link>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÐÁÓÔØ × ÜÔÏÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË, ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ,
|
||
ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅ ÏÂÕÞÅÎÉÅ É ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë
|
||
ÎÁÍ × ðÒÏÅËÔ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="install">
|
||
<info><title>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ</title>
|
||
<author><personname><firstname>Nik</firstname><surname>Clayton</surname></personname><affiliation>
|
||
<address><email>nik@FreeBSD.org</email></address>
|
||
</affiliation></author>
|
||
</info>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="which-architecture">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÕÀ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÕ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ? õ ÍÅÎÑ ÅÓÔØ
|
||
64-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ &intel;, ÎÏ Ñ ×ÉÖÕ ÔÏÌØËÏ
|
||
<literal>amd64</literal>.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&arch.amd64; — ÜÔÏ ÔÅÒÍÉÎ, ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÍÙÊ ×Ï &os;
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ 64-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÏÊ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ x86 (ÔÁËÖÅ
|
||
ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ ËÁË "x86-64" ÉÌÉ "x64"). îÁ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å
|
||
ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ &arch.amd64;.
|
||
äÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ÐÏÄÏÊÄ£Ô &arch.i386;. ðÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁ ÏÔÌÉÞÎÕÀ ÏÔ x86 ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÕ, ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÕ,
|
||
ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÕÀ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="floppy-download">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓËÁÞÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.freebsd.org/ru/where.html">ðÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
&os;</link> ×ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ <literal>[iso]</literal> Ó
|
||
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÏÊ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÉÚ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
|
||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry>ÆÁÊÌ</entry>
|
||
<entry>ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><filename>disc1.iso</filename></entry>
|
||
<entry>óÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os; É
|
||
ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><filename>dvd1.iso</filename></entry>
|
||
<entry>îÁÐÏÄÏÂÉÅ <filename>disc1.iso</filename>,
|
||
ÎÏ Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ.</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><filename>memstick.img</filename></entry>
|
||
<entry>ïÂÒÁÚ Ó Á×ÔÏÚÁÇÒÕÚËÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
|
||
ÎÁ USB ÆÌÅÛËÕ.</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><filename>bootonly.iso</filename></entry>
|
||
<entry>íÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂÒÁÚ, ÔÒÅÂÕÀÝÉÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÅ
|
||
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os;.</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</tgroup>
|
||
</informaltable>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ &arch.pc98; ÎÕÖÎÙ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ÄÉÓËÅÔ:
|
||
<filename>floppies/boot.flp</filename>,
|
||
<filename>floppies/kern1.flp</filename>,
|
||
<filename>floppies/kern2.flp</filename> É
|
||
<filename>floppies/mfsroot1.flp</filename>. üÔÉ ÏÂÒÁÚÙ
|
||
ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÔÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅÔÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÔÁËÉÈ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ, ËÁË
|
||
&man.dd.1;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÌÎÙÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÅ É Ï ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ
|
||
ÎÁÊÔÉ × <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/install.html">
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ &os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="floppy-image-too-large">
|
||
<para>ðÏÍÏÇÉÔÅ! õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ ÏÂÒÁÚ ÎÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ!</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÏ ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÒÁÚ ÂÙÌ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎ ÐÏ
|
||
FTP ÎÅ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ <emphasis>binary</emphasis>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÈ FTP ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ (<emphasis>ascii</emphasis>) ÒÅÖÉÍ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×
|
||
"ËÏÎÅÃ ÓÔÒÏËÉ" ÚÁÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
|
||
ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ. ÷ ÔÁËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÏÂÒÁÚ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÎÅÉÚÂÅÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎ. ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÕÀ ÓÕÍÍÕ SHA-256
|
||
ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ: ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÎÅ <emphasis>ÔÏÞÎÏ</emphasis>
|
||
ÔÁËÏÊ ÖÅ ËÁË ÎÁ FTP-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ, ÔÏ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÛÌÁ, ÓËÏÒÅÅ
|
||
×ÓÅÇÏ, × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ FTP-ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ
|
||
××ÅÄÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <emphasis>binary</emphasis> × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏËÅ FTP ÐÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ, ÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÞÁÌÏÍ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="install-instructions-location">
|
||
<para>çÄÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>éÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ &os; 9.0
|
||
É ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÚÄÎÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ × <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/bsdinstall.html">ÇÌÁ×Å</link>
|
||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ &os;.
|
||
ôÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/install.html">ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ</link>
|
||
×ÅÒÓÉÊ &os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="need-to-run">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÅ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ &os; ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ ðë ËÌÁÓÓÁ 486 É ×ÙÛÅ Ó
|
||
ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔØÀ ÏÂߣÍÏÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ 64 íÂÁÊÔ É
|
||
ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ 1.1 çÂÁÊÔ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="custom-boot-floppy">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>éÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÙÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÙÊ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØ &os; ÍÏÖÎÏ
|
||
ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉ× ÐÒÏÃÅÄÕÒÕ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÒÅÌÉÚÁ. óÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍ × ÓÔÁÔØÅ Ï <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.articles.releng;/article.html">ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ
|
||
ÒÅÌÉÚÏ× &os;</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="windows-coexist">
|
||
<para>íÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ &windows; ÓÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ Ó &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ, ÅÓÌÉ &windows; ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ. úÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË
|
||
&os; ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ &windows;
|
||
ÉÌÉ &os;. åÓÌÉ &windows; ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÏÍ, ÔÏ ÜÔÏ
|
||
ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô Ë ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ. åÓÌÉ ÔÁËÏÅ ÓÌÕÞÉÔÓÑ,
|
||
ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="bootmanager-restore">
|
||
<para>äÒÕÇÁÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÕÎÉÞÔÏÖÉÌÁ ÍÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË
|
||
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ! ëÁË ÍÎÅ ÅÇÏ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>óÐÏÓÏ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ
|
||
ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ. íÅÎÀ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÅ ×Ï &os;,
|
||
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.boot0cfg.8;.
|
||
ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÄÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÎÀ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ
|
||
<replaceable>ada0</replaceable>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>boot0cfg -B ada0</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÅÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË MBR ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
|
||
Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.gpart.8;:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gpart bootcode -b /boot/mbr ada0</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÅ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×
|
||
GPT, ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × &man.gpart.8;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="no-install-cdrom">
|
||
<para>ñ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÌÓÑ Ó ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
|
||
ÓÏÏÂÝÉÌÁ, ÞÔÏ CD-ROM ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎ. ëÕÄÁ ÏÎ ÐÏÄÅ×ÁÌÓÑ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ ÔÁËÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄ CD-ROM. ôÅÐÅÒØ ÚÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ðë
|
||
ÐÒÏÄÁÀÔÓÑ Ó CD-ROM, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍ ËÁË ×ÅÄÏÍÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÍ
|
||
ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÅ IDE, ÎÏ ÂÅÚ ×ÅÄÕÝÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÎÁ ÜÔÏÍ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÅ.
|
||
óÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ATAPI, ÔÁËÁÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ ÎÅ×ÅÒÎÁ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ
|
||
&windows; × ÔÁËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, É BIOS ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÉ
|
||
ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ. ÷ÏÔ ÐÏÞÅÍÕ BIOS ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÉÄÅÔØ CD-ROM ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ, Á
|
||
&os; ÄÌÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ - ÎÅÔ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ CD-ROM ÏËÁÚÁÌÓÑ ÌÉÂÏ
|
||
ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÁ ÔÏÍ IDE-ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÅ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÏÎ
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ, ÌÉÂÏ ×ÅÄÏÍÙÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ ÎÁ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÅ IDE, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
|
||
ÉÍÅÅÔ ×ÅÄÕÝÅÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="need-complete-sources">
|
||
<para>îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÎÅÔ. äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
|
||
ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ
|
||
ÎÁÐÏÄÏÂÉÅ <filename role="package">sysutils/lsof</filename>
|
||
ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÔØÓÑ ÂÅÚ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.
|
||
÷ ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÒÔ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔ ÍÏÄÕÌØ ÑÄÒÁ ÉÌÉ ÎÁÐÒÑÍÕÀ
|
||
ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁÍ ÑÄÒÁ, × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ
|
||
ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="need-kernel">
|
||
<para>îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÑÄÒÏ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅÔ. ðÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ <literal>GENERIC</literal>
|
||
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ.
|
||
éÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ &man.freebsd-update.8; ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ &os; Ó ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÏ
|
||
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÔÏÉÔ ÐÒÉÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ
|
||
<literal>GENERIC</literal>. äÌÑ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× Ó ÏÞÅÎØ
|
||
ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÏÂߣÍÏÍ ïúõ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ×ÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÅ
|
||
ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="password-encryption">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÏÊ ÉÚ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ DES, Blowfish ÉÌÉ MD5 Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ,
|
||
É ËÁË ÕËÁÚÁÔØ, ËÁËÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷Ï &os; 9 É ×ÙÛÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
|
||
<emphasis>SHA512</emphasis>. ðÁÒÏÌÉ DES ÏÓÔÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÍÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÎÅÅ ÚÁÝÉÝ£ÎÎÙÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ
|
||
ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ. &os; ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁÒÏÌÉ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ
|
||
Blowfish É MD5. õÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ×ÙÂÏÒÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÐÁÒÏÌÅÊ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ×ÈÏÄÁ
|
||
<literal>passwd_format</literal> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÝÉÊ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
<literal>des</literal>, <literal>blf</literal> (ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÉ
|
||
ÅÓÔØ) ÉÌÉ <literal>md5</literal>. ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï
|
||
ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÈ ×ÈÏÄÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
|
||
&man.login.conf.5;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ffs-limits">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FFS?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÁÉÂÏÌØÛÉÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ FFS ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎ
|
||
ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÙ &man.fsck.8;. &man.fsck.8; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ 1 ÂÉÔ ÎÁ
|
||
ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔ, É ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁ 4 ëÂÁÊÔ ÜÔÏ
|
||
ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ 32 íÂÁÊÔ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÎÁ ÔÅÒÁÂÁÊÔ
|
||
ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÁÈ
|
||
Ó ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ × 2 çÂÁÊÔ
|
||
(ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, &i386;) ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
|
||
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÊ ÄÌÑ &man.fsck.8;, ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ~60 ôÂÁÊÔ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>âÅÚ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÄÌÑ &man.fsck.8; ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ
|
||
ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ 2 ^ 64
|
||
(ÂÌÏËÏ×) * 32 ëÂÁÊÔ => 16 ÜËÓÁ * 32 ëÂÁÊÔ
|
||
=> 512 ÚÅÔÔÁÂÁÊÔ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>íÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÎÁ FFS ÐÒÉÂÌÉÚÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÁ×ÅÎ
|
||
2 ÐÅÔÁÂÁÊÔ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÂÌÏËÁ 32 ëÂÁÊÔ.
|
||
ëÁÖÄÙÊ 32 ëÂÁÊÔÎÙÊ ÂÌÏË ÍÏÖÅÔ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÏ 4096 ÂÌÏËÏ×.
|
||
ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÔÒÏÊÎÏÊ ËÏÓ×ÅÎÎÏÊ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÃÉÉ ÜÔÏ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
|
||
32 ëÂÁÊÔ * 12 + 32 ëÂÁÊÔ * 4096 + 32 ëÂÁÊÔ *
|
||
4096^2 + 32 ëÂÁÊÔ * 4096^3. õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÂÌÏËÁ
|
||
ÄÏ 64 ëÂÁÊÔ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÁÊÌÁ × 16
|
||
ÒÁÚ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="archsw-readin-failed-error">
|
||
<para>ñ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÌ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ É ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌ
|
||
ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÅ <errorname>readin
|
||
failed</errorname>.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ñÄÒÏ É ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÅ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ. ôÁËÁÑ
|
||
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. ïÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>make buildworld</command> É <command>make
|
||
buildkernel</command> ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁ× ÑÄÒÏ ÎÁ
|
||
×ÔÏÒÏÍ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÎÁÖÁ× ÌÀÂÕÀ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ ÄÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
|
||
ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×
|
||
<literal>|</literal>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="general-configuration-tool">
|
||
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÌÉ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ
|
||
Å£ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ, <application>bsdconfig</application> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
|
||
ÚÁÍÅÞÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÔ-ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
|
||
&os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="hardware">
|
||
<title>áÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÁÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔØ</title>
|
||
|
||
<sect1 xml:id="compatibility-general">
|
||
<title>÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÏÂÝÅÇÏ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÁ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="which-hardware-to-get">
|
||
<para>ñ ÈÏÞÕ ÐÒÉÏÂÒÅÓÔÉ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÕÒÕ ÄÌÑ ÍÏÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os;. ëÁËÁÑ
|
||
ÍÏÄÅÌØ/ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØ/ÔÉÐ ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÐÉÓËÁÈ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ &os; É
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÍÙÍ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏÍ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÕÒÁ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÏÞÅÎØ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ.
|
||
ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë Hardware Notes ÄÌÑ &os; <link
|
||
xlink:href="&rel.current.hardware;">&rel.current;</link>
|
||
ÉÌÉ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&rel2.current.hardware;">&rel2.current;</link>,
|
||
Á ÔÁËÖÅ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/search/#mailinglists">ÁÒÈÉ×ÁÍ</link>
|
||
ÓÐÉÓËÏ× ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ Ï ÓÁÍÏÍ
|
||
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÍ É ÌÕÞÛÅÍ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ. ÷ÅÓØÍÁ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÅ ËÁÓÁÅÍÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÌÏÓØ ËÁË
|
||
ÒÁÚ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÛÌÏÊ ÎÅÄÅÌÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÐÒÉÏÂÒÅÔÅÎÉÅÍ ÌÜÐÔÏÐÁ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÁÒÈÉ×Ù
|
||
&a.mobile; É &a.questions; ÉÌÉ, ÐÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ, ÂÏÌÅÅ
|
||
ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉÞÎÙÅ ÓÐÉÓËÉ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ ÐÏ ÄÁÎÎÏÍÕ ÔÉÐÕ
|
||
ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="memory-upper-limitation">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ?
|
||
ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ &os; ÂÏÌØÛÅ 4 çÂÁÊÔ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ (ïúõ)?
|
||
âÏÌØÛÅ 16 çÂÁÊÔ? âÏÌØÛÅ 48 çÂÁÊÔ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&os; ËÁË ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ × ÃÅÌÏÍ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
|
||
ÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÖÅ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ (ïúõ), ÓËÏÌØËÏ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÁÑ
|
||
ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÏÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ. éÍÅÊÔÅ × ×ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÐÁÍÑÔØ;
|
||
ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, &i386; ÂÅÚ <acronym>PAE</acronym> ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
|
||
ÍÁËÓÉÍÕÍ 4 çÂÁÊÔ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ (É ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÅÝÅ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÉÚ-ÚÁ
|
||
ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á PCI), Á &i386; Ó PAE ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
|
||
ÍÁËÓÉÍÕÍ 64 çÂÁÊÔ. äÌÑ &os; 10 ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ AMD64
|
||
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÄÏ 4 ôÂÁÊÔ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="memory-i386-over-4gb">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ &os; ×ÉÄÉÔ ÍÅÎØÛÅ 4 çÂÁÊÔ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ &i386;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÝÅÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÌÑ ÍÁÛÉÎ &i386; Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
32-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÙÍ; ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ (Ô.Å. ÂÙÔØ
|
||
ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÏ) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ 4 çÂÁÊÔ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ. âÏÌÅÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
|
||
ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÅ ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÍ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ PCI, ÄÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ
|
||
Ë ×ÉÄÅÏÐÁÍÑÔÉ, É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ. ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÏÂÝÉÊ ÏÂßÅÍ
|
||
ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÑÄÒÁ É
|
||
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ, ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÍÅÎØÛÉÍ, ÞÅÍ
|
||
4 çÂÁÊÔ. ÷ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁÑ
|
||
ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÏÔ 3.2 çÂÁÊÔ ÄÏ
|
||
3.7 çÂÁÊÔ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÐÒÅÏÄÏÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ × 3.2 çÂÁÊÔ-3.7 çÂÁÊÔ
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ (Ô.Å. ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ 4 çÂÁÊÔ, ÎÏ
|
||
ÔÁËÖÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ 4 çÂÁÊÔ) ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÊ
|
||
ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ, ÉÍÅÎÕÅÍÙÊ <acronym>PAE</acronym>. óÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ PAE
|
||
ÒÁÓÛÉÆÒÏ×Ù×ÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË Physical Address Extension (ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ) É ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÄÌÑ 32-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÙÈ x86
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÏ× ÓÐÏÓÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ 4 çÂÁÊÔ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.
|
||
PAE ÐÅÒÅÎÁÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÐÁÍÑÔØ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÉÎÁÞÅ ÂÙÌÁ ÂÙ ÐÅÒÅËÒÙÔÁ
|
||
ÁÄÒÅÓÎÙÍÉ ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÁÃÉÑÍÉ ÄÌÑ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ×ÙÛÅ
|
||
ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÁ 4 çÂÁÊÔ, É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÅÅ ËÁË ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ
|
||
ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÐÁÍÑÔØ (ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ &man.pae.4;). éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ PAE
|
||
ÉÍÅÅÔ Ó×ÏÉ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÉ; ÔÁËÁÑ ÍÏÄÅÌØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÐÁÍÑÔÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÞÕÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÏ ÓÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÀ Ó ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ (ÂÅÚ PAE),
|
||
É ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÙÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ (ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
|
||
&man.kld.4;). üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
|
||
ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÓÔÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ × ÓÁÍÏÍ ÑÄÒÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÁÍÙÊ ÏÂÝÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ PAE — ÜÔÏ ÓÏÂÒÁÔØ
|
||
ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÓÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍ ÕÖÅ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ
|
||
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ, ÉÍÅÎÕÅÍÙÍ <filename>PAE</filename>,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÕÖÅ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÄÌÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.
|
||
éÍÅÊÔÅ × ×ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
|
||
ÑÄÒÁ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ËÏÎÓÅÒ×ÁÔÉ×ÎÙÍÉ, É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ,
|
||
ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎÎÙÅ ËÁË ÎÅÇÏÔÏ×ÙÅ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó PAE, ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ
|
||
ÄÅÌÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÇÏÄÎÙÍÉ. îÁ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ
|
||
ÎÁ 64-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÏÊ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÅ (ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË AMD64), ÏÎ ÔÁËÖÅ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó PAE. ðÒÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ Ó×ÏÅÇÏ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
|
||
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ PAE, ÄÏÂÁ×É×
|
||
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>options PAE</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>PAE ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ,
|
||
ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ x86 ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ × 64-ÒÁÚÒÑÄÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÔÁËÖÅ
|
||
ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÍ ËÁË AMD64 ÉÌÉ &intel; 64. üÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÉÍÅÅÔ
|
||
ÂÏÌØÛÅÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï É ÎÅ ÎÕÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÁËÉÈ ÔÒÀËÁÈ.
|
||
&os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ AMD64, É ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ÜÔÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ &os; ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ &i386;, ÅÓÌÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÅ
|
||
4 çÂÁÊÔ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1 xml:id="compatibility-processors">
|
||
<title>áÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ É ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÙ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="architectures">
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ &os; ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ, ÏÔÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÏÔ
|
||
x86?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ. ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ &os; ÐÏÄÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ËÌÁÓÓÏ×.
|
||
áÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ËÌÁÓÓÁ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË i386 ÉÌÉ amd64,
|
||
ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ. áÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÙ 2 É 3 ËÌÁÓÓÁ
|
||
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÍÅÒÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ. ðÏÌÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ËÌÁÓÓÏ× ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ × <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.articles.committers-guide;/archs.html">ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÅ
|
||
ËÏÍÍÉÔÔÅÒÁ</link>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
|
||
ÎÁ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ru/platforms/">ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ</link>,
|
||
ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÊ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÍ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="smp-support">
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ &os; ÍÎÏÇÏÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÎÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
|
||
(SMP)?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÍÍÅÔÒÉÞÎÏÅ ÍÕÌØÔÉÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
(SMP) ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÎÅ×ÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
|
||
&arch.i386;, &arch.amd64; É ÔÁË ÄÁÌÅÅ). SMP
|
||
ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ arm É MIPS, ÈÏÔÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ. ÷ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ SMP
|
||
×Ï &os; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÌËÏÄÉÓÐÅÒÓÎÁÑ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÑ, É
|
||
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÍÁÓÛÔÁÂÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÞÔÉ ÌÉÎÅÊÎÏ Ó ÒÏÓÔÏÍ
|
||
ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÏ×.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
|
||
óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.smp.4;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="microcode">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄ? ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÍÉËÒÏËÏÄÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÏ× &intel;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>íÉËÒÏËÏÄ - ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, ÒÅÁÌÉÚÕÀÝÁÑ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ ÎÁ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÍ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ. ïÎÁ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ
|
||
ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ ÂÅÚ ÚÁÍÅÎÙ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ <filename
|
||
role="package">sysutils/devcpu-data</filename>,
|
||
Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ:</para>
|
||
<programlisting>microcode_update_enable="YES"</programlisting>
|
||
<para>× <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename></para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1 xml:id="compatibility-drives">
|
||
<title>ö£ÓÔËÉÅ ÄÉÓËÉ, ÌÅÎÔÏÞÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á É ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÙ CD É DVD</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="supported-hard-drives">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÔÉÐÙ ×ÉÎÞÅÓÔÅÒÏ× ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&os; ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÏ× EIDE, SATA, SCSI É
|
||
SAS (Ó ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÍÉ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÁÍÉ; ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ),
|
||
É ×ÓÅÍÉ ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ <quote>Western
|
||
Digital</quote> (MFM, RLL, ESDI É, ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÖÅ, IDE). îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
|
||
ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÙ ESDI, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ, ÍÏÇÕÔ É ÎÅ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ: Ë ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ WD1002/3/6/7 É ÉÈ ËÌÏÎÙ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="supported-scsi-controllers">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÙ SCSI ÉÌÉ SAS?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Î × Hardware Notes ÄÌÑ &os;
|
||
<link
|
||
xlink:href="&rel.current.hardware;">&rel.current;</link>
|
||
ÉÌÉ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&rel2.current.hardware;">&rel2.current;</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="tape-support">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÓÔÒÉÍÅÒÏ× ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÙ
|
||
ÓÔÒÉÍÅÒÏ× SCSI.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="tape-changer-support">
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ &os; ÒÏÂÏÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÓÍÅÎÙ ÌÅÎÔ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÏÂÏÔÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á SCSI ÞÅÒÅÚ
|
||
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï &man.ch.4; É ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ &man.chio.1;. ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÒÏÂÏÔÁÍÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ
|
||
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.chio.1;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË <application>AMANDA</application> É
|
||
ÅÝ£ ÒÑÄ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÏ× ÕÍÅÀÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÒÏÂÏÔÁÍÉ,
|
||
ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÉÔØ ÌÅÎÔÙ Ó ÏÄÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÍÅÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÁÄÏ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÔØ, × ËÁËÏÍ
|
||
ÓÌÏÔÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÕÖÎÁÑ ÌÅÎÔÁ, É × ËÁËÏÊ ÓÌÏÔ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØ ÌÅÎÔÕ,
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÕÀÓÑ × ÓÔÒÉÍÅÒÅ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="supported-cdrom-drives">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÙ CD-ROM É CD-RW ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×Ï
|
||
&os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÌÀÂÙÅ SCSI-ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ ÄÉÓËÏ×,
|
||
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÅ Ë ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍÕ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÌÅÒÕ. ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ATAPI-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÈ IDE CD-ROM.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>&os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ATAPI-ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÅ IDE-ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÙ CD-R
|
||
ÉÌÉ CD-RW. âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
|
||
óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.burncd.8;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>&os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÓÅ SCSI-ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÙ CD-R É CD-RW.
|
||
éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>cdrecord</command> ÉÚ
|
||
ÐÁËÅÔÁ <package>sysutils/cdrtools</package>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1 xml:id="compatibility-kbd-mice">
|
||
<title>ëÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ É ÍÙÛÉ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="moused">
|
||
<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÙÛØ ×ÎÅ X Window?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>óÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ &man.syscons.4;
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÍÙÛÉ
|
||
× ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ ËÏÎÓÏÌÑÈ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ É ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÁ ÔÅËÓÔÁ.
|
||
úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÄÅÍÏÎ ÍÙÛÉ &man.moused.8; É ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ
|
||
ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÍÙÛÉ × ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>moused -p /dev/xxxx -t yyyy</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>vidcontrol -m on</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÄÅÓØ <replaceable>xxxx</replaceable> - ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
|
||
ÍÙÛÉ, Á <replaceable>yyyy</replaceable> - ÔÉÐ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ,
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÍÙÛØÀ. äÁÅÍÏÎ ÍÙÛÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ
|
||
ÔÉÐ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÍÙÛÅÊ, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÈ
|
||
ÐÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍÕ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ. äÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ
|
||
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ <literal>auto</literal>.
|
||
åÓÌÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÔÏ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë
|
||
ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÙÍ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÐÏ &man.moused.8; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÐÉÓËÁ
|
||
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÔÉÐÏ× ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ×.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÍÙÛÉ ÔÉÐÁ PS/2 ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ
|
||
<literal>moused_enable="YES"</literal> × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ ÍÙÛÉ ×Ï
|
||
×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
|
||
ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ ÍÙÛÉ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁÈ, Á ÎÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ,
|
||
ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ <literal>allscreens_flags="-m on"</literal> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ ÍÙÛÉ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÍÙÛÉ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
|
||
ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×Ù×ÁÔØÓÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÏÍ ÍÙÛÉ É ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ ÔÉÐÁ X
|
||
Window. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ ÉÚ <acronym>FAQ</acronym>
|
||
<link linkend="x-and-moused">
|
||
ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÏÑ ÍÙÛØ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó X?</link> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="text-mode-cut-paste">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÙÒÅÚÁÔØ É ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÍÙÛÉ ×
|
||
ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>õÄÁÌÉÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÍÙÛÉ ÎÅÌØÚÑ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÉÈ
|
||
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ×ÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ. ðÏÓÌÅ
|
||
ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ ÍÙÛÉ, ËÁË ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÏÔ×ÅÔÅ ÎÁ <link
|
||
linkend="moused">ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ</link>, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
|
||
ËÎÏÐËÕ 1 (ÌÅ×ÕÀ) É Ä×ÉÇÁÊÔÅ ÍÙÛØ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÅËÓÔÁ.
|
||
úÁÔÅÍ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ ËÎÏÐËÕ 2 (ÓÒÅÄÎÀÀ) ÄÌÑ ÅÇÏ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÉ Ó
|
||
ÐÏÚÉÃÉÉ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ËÕÒÓÏÒÁ. îÁÖÁÔÉÅ ËÎÏÐËÉ 3 (ÐÒÁ×ÏÊ)
|
||
<quote>ÒÁÓÛÉÒÉÔ</quote> ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÕÀ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÕÀ ÏÂÌÁÓÔØ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÙÛÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÓÒÅÄÎÑÑ ËÎÏÐËÁ, Å£ ÍÏÖÎÏ
|
||
ÓÜÍÕÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÌÉÂÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÚÎÁÞÉÔØ ËÎÏÐËÉ ÏÐÃÉÑÍÉ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ ÍÙÛÉ.
|
||
ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÙÍ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ ÐÏ &man.moused.8; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="mouse-wheel-buttons">
|
||
<para>õ ÍÏÅÊ ÍÙÛÉ ÅÓÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÌ£ÓÉËÏ É ËÎÏÐÏÞËÉ. íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ
|
||
ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×Ï &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÔ×ÅÔ, Ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, <quote>× ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ
|
||
ÏÂÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÓÔ×</quote>. üÔÉ ÍÙÛËÉ Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ,
|
||
ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏ×. äÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ,
|
||
ÐÏËÁ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÍÙÛÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉËÌÁÄÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÕÀ
|
||
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÔÁËÏÊ ÍÙÛÉ, ÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ËÁË ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÁÑ Ä×ÕÈ- ÉÌÉ
|
||
ÔÒ£ÈËÎÏÐÏÞÎÁÑ ÍÙÛØ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÏÌ£ÓÉËÏ× ÍÙÛÉ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ × X
|
||
Window ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ × <link linkend="x-and-wheel">ÄÒÕÇÏÍ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="keyboard-delete-key">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ delete × <command>sh</command>
|
||
É <command>csh</command>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ <application>Bourne Shell</application> ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
|
||
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × <filename>~/.shrc</filename>. óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
|
||
&man.sh.1; É &man.editrc.5;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>bind ^? ed-delete-next-char # ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ
|
||
bind ^[[3~ ed-delete-next-char # ÄÌÑ xterm</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ <application>C Shell</application> ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏËÉ × <filename>~/.cshrc</filename>. óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
|
||
&man.csh.1;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>bindkey ^? delete-char # ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ
|
||
bindkey ^[[3~ delete-char # ÄÌÑ xterm</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <link xlink:href="http://www.ibb.net/~anne/keyboard.html">ÜÔÏÊ
|
||
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
|
||
<sect1 xml:id="compatibility-other">
|
||
<title>äÒÕÇÏÅ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="es1370-silent-pcm">
|
||
<para>åÓÔØ ÌÉ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ Ú×ÕËÁ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
|
||
Ú×ÕËÏ×ÙÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× &man.pcm.4;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ Ú×ÕËÏ×ÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÐÒÉ ËÁÖÄÏÊ
|
||
ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÓÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÀÔ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÇÒÏÍËÏÓÔÉ × 0. ÷ÙÐÏÌÎÑÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÐÒÉ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mixer pcm 100 vol 100 cd 100</userinput></screen>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="power-management-support">
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ &os; ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÜÎÅÒÇÏÓÂÅÒÅÖÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÁ
|
||
ÌÜÐÔÏÐÁÈ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ <acronym>ACPI</acronym>,
|
||
ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ × ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ.
|
||
äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
|
||
ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.acpi.4;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</sect1>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="troubleshoot">
|
||
<title>õÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="pae">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ &os; ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÁÍÑÔÉ
|
||
ÎÁ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÕÒÅ &i386;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÁÑ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÌÉÞÉÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ
|
||
ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ É ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ðë
|
||
ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÌÅÖÁÝÅÊ ×
|
||
ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ 3.5 çâ É 4 çâ ÄÌÑ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÎÕÖÄ
|
||
(ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÕÖÄ PCI). üÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë PCI ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÀ. ëÁË ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ, ÒÅÁÌØÎÁÑ
|
||
ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÁ × ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÍ
|
||
ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Å.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔÓÑ Ó ÐÁÍÑÔØÀ × ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÒÅÇÉÏÎÅ,
|
||
ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ
|
||
ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÜÔÉ 500 íâ ïúõ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÁ.</para>
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<para>îÁ 32-ÂÉÔÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ &os; ËÁÖÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÁ ÐÁÍÑÔØ
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4 çâ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÄÌÑ 32 ÂÉÔÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.
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÷ ÄÁÎÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÂÏÒËÅ ÑÄÒÁ Ó PAE.
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úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÁÔØÅ ÏÂ
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ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑÈ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.</para>
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<para>îÁ 64nbsp;ÂÉÔÎÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ &os; ÉÌÉ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ Ó
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Ï ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓËÏÒÒÅËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÐÏ ÏËÏÎÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ
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ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question xml:id="signal11">
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<para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÀÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Ó ÏÛÉÂËÏÊ <errorname>Signal
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11</errorname>.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>ïÛÉÂËÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÓÉÇÎÁÌÏÍ 11, ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÔ,
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ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÏÂÌÁÓÔÉ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë
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ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÂÙÌ ÄÁÎ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ. åÓÌÉ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÏÅ
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ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÐÒÉÞÉÎÙ.</para>
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<para>üÔÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ËÌÁÓÓÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ
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<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÍ
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×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÏ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÄÅ.</para>
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<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ × ÞÁÓÔÉ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÇÏ ËÏÍÐÌÅËÔÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
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&os;, ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÔÏÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÍ ËÏÄÅ, ÈÏÔÑ
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× ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÔÁËÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ É ÏÛÉÂËÉ
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ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÄÏÌÇÏ ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÞÉÔÁÔÅÌÑÍ
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<acronym>FAQ</acronym>
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ÄÏ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ ËÏÄ (ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ
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ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ, É ÐÒÉ
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ÜÔÏÍ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÔÏÒÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ ÒÁÚÎÁÑ.</para>
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<para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ÚÁÐÕÓË <command>make
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buildworld</command> ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÌÓÑ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÅÊ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ
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ÜÔÕ ÏÛÉÂËÕ.</para>
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<para>óÒÅÄÉ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÝÉÈ Ë ÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÒÉÞÉÎ:</para>
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ÔÁËÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ.</para>
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<para>èÉÔÒÏÕÍÎÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ. åÓÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ
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ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÅ DIMM/SIMM, ÌÉÂÏ ÉÈ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>þÅÒÅÓÞÕÒ ÏÐÔÉÍÉÓÔÉÞÎÙÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÏÊ ÐÌÁÔÙ.
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îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ BIOS É ÐÅÒÅÍÙÞËÉ ÎÁ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÎÓËÏÊ ÐÌÁÔÅ
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ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÎÏ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÁÌÙÈ ÐÅÒÉÏÄÏ×
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Speed: Turbo</quote> ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÏÅ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ.
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BIOS ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ Ó ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ ÔÅËÕÝÉÈ
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<para>ðÒÏÞÉÔÁÊÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÒÏ <link
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linkend="signal11">Signal 11</link> ÄÌÑ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÇÏ
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ÓÂÏÊÎÕÀ ÐÁÍÑÔØ. ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ
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xlink:href="http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/"><acronym>FAQ</acronym>
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||
ÐÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÅ SIG11</link>.</para>
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<para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ, ÔÏ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÜÔÏ
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||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
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||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="trap-12-panic">
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||
<para>íÏÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Ó ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑÍÉ
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<errorname>Fatal trap 12: page fault in kernel mode</errorname>
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ÌÉÂÏ <errorname>panic:</errorname>, É ×ÙÄÁ£Ô ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
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ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ. þÔÏ ÍÎÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
|
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<para>òÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÉ &os; ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÁËÉÍÉ ÏÛÉÂËÁÍÉ, ÎÏ
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ÉÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ, ÞÅÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÔÅËÓÔ ÏÛÉÂËÉ.
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óËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ ×ÅÓØ ÔÅËÓÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ.
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úÁÔÅÍ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <acronym>FAQ</acronym> ÏÂ
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<link linkend="kernel-panic-troubleshooting">Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÈ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑÈ
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ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÑÄÒÁ</link>, ÐÏÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ É ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ
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ÔÒÁÓÓÕ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï×. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ Ú×ÕÞÁÔØ ÔÒÕÄÎÏÊ ÚÁÄÁÞÅÊ, ÚÁÔÏ ÎÅ
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ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÎÁ×ÙËÏ× ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ
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ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑÍ.</para>
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||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question xml:id="proc-table-full">
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<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÅ <errorname>maxproc
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limit exceeded by uid %i, please see tuning(7) and
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||
login.conf(5)</errorname>?</para>
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||
</question>
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<answer>
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||
<para>ñÄÒÏ &os; ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÞÉÓÌÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×. üÔÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ &man.sysctl.8; <varname>kern.maxusers</varname>.
|
||
<varname>kern.maxusers</varname> ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÌÉÑÅÔ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
|
||
ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË ÂÕÆÅÒÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÓÅÔØÀ.
|
||
åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÁ, ÐÏÄÎÉÍÉÔÅ
|
||
<varname>kern.maxusers</varname>. ëÒÏÍÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÞÉÓÌÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× ÜÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
|
||
ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÉÒÏ×ËÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
<varname>kern.maxusers</varname> ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#kern-maxfiles">
|
||
ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×/ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á. ÷ ΣÍ
|
||
ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔÓÑ Ï ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ, ÎÏ ÔÅ ÖÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ËÁÓÁÀÔÓÑ
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÁ ÓÌÁÂÏ, ÎÏ × ÎÅÊ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÏ
|
||
ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×, ÐÏÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
|
||
<varname>kern.maxproc</varname>, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉ× ÅÇÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ×
|
||
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ×ÓÔÕÐÉÔ
|
||
× ÓÉÌÕ ÄÏ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ,
|
||
ËÁÓÁÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
|
||
óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.loader.conf.5;. åÓÌÉ ÜÔÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÙ
|
||
ÏÄÎÉÍ É ÔÅÍ ÖÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ, ÐÏÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ
|
||
ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <varname>kern.maxprocperuid</varname>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÏ
|
||
ÂÙÌÏ ÎÁ ÅÄÉÎÉÃÕ ÍÅÎØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<varname>kern.maxproc</varname>. ïÎÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÐÏ
|
||
ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÎÁ ÅÄÉÎÉÃÕ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
|
||
&man.init.8; ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="remote-fullscreen">
|
||
<para>ðÏÌÎÏÜËÒÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ
|
||
ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ!</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÔÉÐ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ
|
||
ÏÔ <literal>xterm</literal>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ &os;. ìÉÂÏ ÖÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ
|
||
ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÛÉÒÉÎÙ É ×ÙÓÏÔÙ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ
|
||
<envar>TERM</envar> ÉÍÅÌÁ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<literal>xterm</literal>. åÓÌÉ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÅÇÏ ÎÅ
|
||
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ <literal>vt100</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ <command>stty -a</command>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ,
|
||
ËÁËÉÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ ÚÁÄÁÎÙ × ÑÄÒÅ. åÓÌÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ, ÉÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÎÑÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<command>stty rows <replaceable>RR</replaceable> cols
|
||
<replaceable>CC</replaceable></command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ìÉÂÏ ÖÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÁ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ
|
||
<package>x11/xterm</package>, ÚÁÐÕÓË
|
||
<command>resize</command> ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÕÚÎÁÔØ Õ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ
|
||
ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÙ É ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="connection-delay">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ <command>ssh</command> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<command>telnet</command> Ë ÍÏÅÍÕ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÕ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÔÁË
|
||
ÄÏÌÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>óÉÍÐÔÏÍ: ÍÅÖÄÕ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ TCP-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ É
|
||
×ÙÄÁÞÅÊ ËÌÉÅÎÔÓËÉÍ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÍ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ÎÁ ××ÏÄ
|
||
ÐÁÒÏÌÑ (ÉÌÉ, × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ &man.telnet.1;, ×ÙÄÁÞÅÊ
|
||
ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ×ÈÏÄ) ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔÏË ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ: ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÁ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÍ
|
||
ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÎÁ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ × ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ. íÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ
|
||
<application>Telnet</application> É <application>SSH</application>,
|
||
ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÅ Ó &os;, ÄÅÌÁÀÔ ÜÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ, ËÒÏÍÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÞÅÇÏ, ÚÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ ÄÌÑ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ
|
||
ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ìÅÞÅÎÉÅ: åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ
|
||
ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ Ë ÌÀÂÏÍÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ, ÔÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁ × ËÌÉÅÎÔÅ. åÓÌÉ
|
||
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉ ÞØÅÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ
|
||
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ, ÔÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ × ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ËÌÉÅÎÔÏÍ, ÔÏ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÅÅ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ DNS, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÓÍÏÇ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÔØ ×ÁÛÕ
|
||
ÍÁÛÉÎÕ. åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÔÏ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅ,
|
||
ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ, É ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÊÔÅ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ. åÓÌÉ
|
||
ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÅÔÉ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ×ÁÛÅÍÕ
|
||
ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ
|
||
ÓÅÔÉ, ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× ÎÁ
|
||
ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ × ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ × ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÅ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ
|
||
ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ &man.hosts.5;
|
||
É &man.named.8; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.
|
||
åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÅÔÉ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ, ÔÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÔØÓÑ × ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÒÅÓÏÌ×ÅÒÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.
|
||
äÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ, ÔÁËÏÇÏ ËÁË
|
||
<systemitem>www.yahoo.com</systemitem>. åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ, ÔÏ
|
||
× ÜÔÏÍ É ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>éÚ-ÚÁ Ó×ÅÖÅÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &os;, ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÄÏÍÅÎÅ É ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ ÉͣΠÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>. üÔÏ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÕ × ÒÁÂÏÔÅ <application>SSH</application>,
|
||
ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÐÃÉÑ <literal>UseDNS</literal> ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ × ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>yes</literal> ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename>. åÓÌÉ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÜÔÏ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ, ÔÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÀÝÕÀ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ × <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, ÌÉÂÏ ×
|
||
ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÍÅÒÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ <literal>UseDNS</literal>
|
||
× <literal>no</literal> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>sshd_config</filename>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="file-table-full">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ × &man.dmesg.8; ÒÅÇÕÌÑÒÎÏ ×Ù×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ
|
||
<errorname>file: table is full</errorname>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ôÁËÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÅ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÉÚÉÒÕÅÔ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÚÁËÏÎÞÉÌÉÓØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÙ.
|
||
ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/configtuning-kernel-limits.html#kern-maxfiles">
|
||
kern.maxfiles</link> ÇÌÁ×Ù Ï <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/configtuning-kernel-limits.html">
|
||
îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ ÑÄÒÁ</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÄÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ
|
||
ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ É ÕÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="computer-clock-skew">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÞÁÓÙ ÎÁ ÍÏÅÍ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÅ
|
||
×ÒÅÍÑ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ÐÏ ÍÅÎØÛÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ Ä×Á
|
||
ÔÁÊÍÅÒÁ, É &os; ×ÙÂÒÁÌÁ ÎÅ ÔÏÔ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ &man.dmesg.8; É ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÅ ÓÌÏ×Ï
|
||
<literal>Timecounter</literal>. &os; ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÔ ÔÁÊÍÅÒ Ó
|
||
ÎÁÉÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅÍ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Á.</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dmesg | grep Timecounter</userinput>
|
||
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
|
||
Timecounter "ACPI-fast" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 1000
|
||
Timecounter "TSC" frequency 2998570050 Hz quality 800
|
||
Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec</screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>õÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ × ÜÔÏÍ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉ×
|
||
&man.sysctl.3;-ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
|
||
<varname>kern.timecounter.hardware</varname>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.timecounter.hardware</userinput>
|
||
kern.timecounter.hardware: ACPI-fast</screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÊ ÔÁÊÍÅÒ ACPI. óÁÍÙÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ
|
||
ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÔÁÊÍÅÒ ACPI ×
|
||
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>debug.acpi.disabled="timer"</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ìÉÂÏ ÖÅ BIOS ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÞÁÓÔÏÔÕ TSC—ÍÏÖÅÔ, ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÏÔ ÂÁÔÁÒÅÅË ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÑ ×
|
||
ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏÎÉÖÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÐÉÔÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ &os; ÎÅ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÏ É
|
||
× ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÞÁÓÙ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÔ ÓÐÅÛÉÔØ ÉÌÉ ÏÔÓÔÁ×ÁÔØ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ É ÔÁÊÍÅÒ <literal>i8254</literal>,
|
||
É ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÂÒÁÎ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ ÅÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ ×
|
||
&man.sysctl.3;-ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
|
||
<varname>kern.timecounter.hardware</varname>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254</userinput>
|
||
kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254</screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÁËËÕÒÁÔÎÅÅ ÓÌÅÄÉÔØ ÚÁ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÅÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ×ÓÔÕÐÁÌÏ × ÓÉÌÕ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
|
||
ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> ÔÁËÕÀ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254</programlisting>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="indefinite-wait-buffer">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ <errorname>swap_pager: indefinite
|
||
wait buffer:</errorname>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÂÒÏÓÉÔØ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÎÁ
|
||
ÄÉÓË, É ÐÏÐÙÔËÁ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÏËÁÎÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÏ × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ÂÏÌÅÅ 20 ÓÅËÕÎÄ. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÂÌÏËÁÍÉ
|
||
ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ, ËÁÂÅÌÑÍÉ, ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
|
||
××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ. åÓÌÉ ÄÉÓË ÓÁÍ ÐÏ ÓÅÂÅ ÉÓÐÏÒÞÅÎ, ×Ù
|
||
ÔÁËÖÅ Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÄÉÓËÏÍ ×
|
||
<filename>/var/log/messages</filename> É × ×Ù×ÏÄÅ
|
||
<command>dmesg</command>. ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ËÁÂÅÌÉ É
|
||
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="lock-order-reversal">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ <errorname>lock order
|
||
reversal</errorname>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ñÄÒÏ &os; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÏË ÄÌÑ ÁÒÂÉÔÒÁÖÁ
|
||
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÁÍ. ëÏÇÄÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
|
||
ÐÏÔÏËÏ× × ÑÄÒÅ ÐÙÔÁÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÈ×ÁÔÉÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÏË
|
||
ÐÏÄÒÑÄ, ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ Í£ÒÔ×ÏÊ
|
||
ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÉ (deadlock), ÇÄÅ Ä×Á ÐÏÔÏËÁ ÚÁÈ×ÁÔÉÌÉ ÐÏ ÏÄÎÏÊ
|
||
ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÅ É ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÉ ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ
|
||
ÐÏÔÏËÏÍ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÉ. ôÁËÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ
|
||
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÔÏËÉ ÚÁÈ×ÁÔÙ×ÁÀÔ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÉ ×
|
||
ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÏÍ ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÏË &man.witness.4;,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ×Ï &os.current; É ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÁ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÙÈ ×ÅÔÏË É ÒÅÌÉÚÏ×, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
|
||
ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ Í£ÒÔ×ÙÈ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÏË ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÏÛÉÂÏË ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,
|
||
×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÚÁÈ×ÁÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÏË × ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ
|
||
× ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÞÁÓÔÑÈ ÑÄÒÁ. éÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ &man.witness.4;
|
||
ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ ÐÏ ÍÅÒŠţ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
|
||
É ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔ Ï ÎÅÊ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÕÀ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ × ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÉ
|
||
<errorname>lock order reversal</errorname> (ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÔÁËÖÅ
|
||
ÞÁÓÔÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ <acronym>LOR</acronym>).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÓÉÌÕ ËÏÎÓÅÒ×ÁÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ &man.witness.4; ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙ ÌÏÖÎÙÅ
|
||
ÓÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÎÉÑ. ðÒÉ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÍ ÓÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÎÉÉ ÔÁËÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis> ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
|
||
ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ Í£ÒÔ×ÏÊ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÉ; ÅÇÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ËÁË ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÅ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ × ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ ÍÏÇÌÁ ÂÙ
|
||
ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÔÉ Í£ÒÔ×ÁÑ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>ðÌÏÈÉÅ <acronym>LOR</acronym> ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ
|
||
ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÅÍ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ × ÓÐÉÓËÉ
|
||
ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÁÒÈÉ×Ù &a.current.url;.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="called-with-non-sleepable-locks-held">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ <errorname>Called ... with
|
||
the following non-sleepable locks held</errorname>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ×
|
||
<quote>ÓÐÑÝÅÍ</quote> ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÂÙÌÁ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÍØÀÔÅËÓ (ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÎÅ <quote>ÚÁÓÙÐÁÀÝÅÇÏ</quote>)
|
||
ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ - ÏÛÉÂËÁ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÙ ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔ
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÏÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÄÌÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔËÉ
|
||
×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ, Á ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ËÏÒÏÔËÉÅ ÐÅÒÉÏÄÙ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ.
|
||
üÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍØÀÔÅËÓÙ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ Ó ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÊ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÑÄÒÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÊ.
|
||
ðÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑ (×Ï &os;) ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÎÅ × <quote>ÓÐÑÝÅÍ
|
||
ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ</quote>. óÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ
|
||
ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍ × ÑÄÒÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÌÉÓØ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÏÊ ÄÌÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ
|
||
ÐÅÒÉÏÄ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÍØÀÔÅËÓ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÎÁÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÔÁËÉÈ ÏÛÉÂÏË × ÑÄÒÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÙ
|
||
assertions, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ Ó ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ
|
||
&man.witness.4;
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ ÆÁÔÁÌØÎÏÊ ÏÛÉÂËÉ (×
|
||
ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ) × ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ËÏÇÄÁ
|
||
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ ×ÙÚÏ× Ó ÕÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÅÍ
|
||
ÍØÀÔÅËÓÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ, ÔÁËÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ ËÒÉÔÉÞÎÙ, ÎÏ ÔÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ,
|
||
Ó ÎÅÕÄÁÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ (timing) ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÎÅÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ
|
||
ÜÆÆÅËÔÙ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÑ ÏÔ ÎÅÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ × ÏÔ×ÅÔÎÏÊ ÒÅÁËÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
|
||
ÄÏ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ ×Ï &os;
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.locking.9;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="touch-not-found">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ
|
||
<buildtarget>buildworld</buildtarget>/<buildtarget>installworld</buildtarget>
|
||
ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅÍ
|
||
<errorname>touch: not found</errorname>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÎÅ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.touch.1;.
|
||
ïÛÉÂËÁ ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÑËÁ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÄÁÔÙ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ. åÓÌÉ CMOS ÞÁÓÙ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÙ ÎÁ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÅ
|
||
×ÒÅÍÑ, ÏÔÒÅÇÕÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÞÁÓÏ×ÏÊ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÑÄÒÁ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉ×
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>adjkerntz -i</command> ×
|
||
ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="applications">
|
||
<title>ðÒÉËÌÁÄÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="user-apps">
|
||
<para>çÄÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÉËÌÁÄÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ ÎÁ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.base;/ports/index.html">ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÐÏÒÔÏ×</link>,
|
||
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÁÈ, ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓ£ÎÎÙÈ
|
||
×Ï &os;. îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÐÉÓËÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ
|
||
&os.numports; ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ É ÏÎ ÅÖÅÄÎÅ×ÎÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÔÁË
|
||
ÞÔÏ ÐÏÞÁÝÅ ÔÕÄÁ ÚÁÇÌÑÄÙ×ÁÊÔÅ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÄÐÉÛÉÔÅÓØ ÎÁ &a.announce;,
|
||
× ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÕÂÌÉËÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÎÏ×ÙÈ
|
||
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ
|
||
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ &os;. îÅÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ
|
||
ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ.
|
||
ðÒÉ ×ÙÈÏÄÅ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ &os; × ÎÅÇÏ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>ports/</filename> ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÁËÔÕÁÌØÎÁÑ ÎÁ
|
||
ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÙÈÏÄÁ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ðÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>&os; ÕÍÅÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÓÏ ÓÖÁÔÙÍÉ Ä×ÏÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÉÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
|
||
&man.pkg.7; ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
|
||
ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="how-do-download-ports-tree">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ðÏÒÔÏ×? óÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
SVN?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ìÀÂÙÍ ÉÚ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ×:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ portsnap × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ×.
|
||
ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/ports-using.html">éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ðÏÒÔÏ×</link> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ ÐÏ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÁ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ SVN, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÁÔÞÉ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÄÅÒÅ×Á ÐÏÒÔÏ×. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/svn.html">éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
Subversion</link> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <acronym>CTM</acronym> ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ
|
||
× ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/ctm.html">éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
<acronym>CTM</acronym></link> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÐÏ ÐÏÞÔÅ ÐÒÉ ÎÅÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÍ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="java">
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ &os; ÓÒÅÄÕ &java;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÐÏÓÅÔÉÔÅ
|
||
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.base;/java/index.html">http://www.FreeBSD.org/java/</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ports-4x">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÏÒÔ ÎÅ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÍÏÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ Ó
|
||
&rel2.relx; - ÉÌÉ &rel.relx; -STABLE?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ &os;, ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÏÔÓÔÁ£Ô ÏÔ
|
||
<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> ÉÌÉ <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>,
|
||
ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÀ ðÏÒÔÏ× Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÊ ×
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/ports-using.html">éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ðÏÒÔÏ×</link>. åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ × ÁËÔÕÁÌØÎÏÍ
|
||
ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ, ÚÎÁÞÉÔ ËÔÏ-ÔÏ ÍÏÇ ×ÎÅÓÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ×
|
||
ÐÏÒÔ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÏÎ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>,
|
||
ÎÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>. <link
|
||
xlink:href="https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/">ðÏÛÌÉÔÅ</link>
|
||
ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ, ÔÁË ËÁË ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ðÏÒÔÏ× ÄÏÌÖÎÁ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ËÁË × <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>, ÔÁË É ×
|
||
×ÅÔËÁÈ <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="make-index">
|
||
<para>ñ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ ÓÆÏÒÍÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>INDEX</filename>
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>make index</command>,
|
||
ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÐÏÐÙÔËÁ ÏËÏÎÞÉÌÁÓØ ÎÅÕÄÁÞÅÊ. ðÏÞÅÍÕ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÑ ðÏÒÔÏ×
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÁËÔÕÁÌØÎÏÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ. ïÛÉÂËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÔÒÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ
|
||
ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>INDEX</filename> ÉÚ ÁËÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÐÉÉ
|
||
ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ðÏÒÔÏ×, ÂÒÏÓÁÀÔÓÑ × ÇÌÁÚÁ É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ
|
||
ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÒÅÄËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ <filename>INDEX</filename> ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÎÙÈ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÊ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ
|
||
<varname>WITH_<replaceable>*</replaceable></varname> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<varname>WITHOUT_<replaceable>*</replaceable></varname>, ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ ×
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>make.conf</filename>. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÄÕÍÁÅÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ×ÁÛ
|
||
ÓÌÕÞÁÊ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÔØ ÏÂ ÜÔÏÍ × &a.ports;, ÐÏÐÙÔÁÊÔÅÓØ
|
||
ÓÆÏÒÍÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ <filename>INDEX</filename> Ó
|
||
ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ports-update">
|
||
<para>ñ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÌ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÔÅËÓÔÙ. ëÁË ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ó &os; ÎÅ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×,
|
||
ÎÏ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÏ×, ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÌÅÇÞÁÀÝÉÈ ÜÔÏÔ
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ. ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÏÝÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ
|
||
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ; ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
|
||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &os; <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/ports-using.html">éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ðÏÒÔÏ×</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ports-major-upgrade">
|
||
<para>îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÍÎÅ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ,
|
||
ËÏÇÄÁ Ñ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀ ÍÁÖÏÒÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ (ÓÏ ÓÍÅÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÒÛÅÊ
|
||
×ÅÒÓÉÉ &os;)?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ! îÁ Ó×ÅÖÅÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ
|
||
ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ, ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÅ ÐÏÄ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ, ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÐÏ ÐÒÅÖÎÅÍÕ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ, ÎÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ×Ù ÎÅ ÎÁÞÎÅÔÅ
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÉÌÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÔØ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÁ, ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ
|
||
ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ, ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÍÙÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÚÁÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ
|
||
ÂÏÌÅÅ ÎÏ×ÙÍÉ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ. ðÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ, ÓËÏÍÐÏÎÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ÂÏÌÅÅ
|
||
ÓÔÁÒÙÍÉ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÍÉ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÔØ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØÓÑ ÌÉÂÏ ÎÁÞÎÕÔ
|
||
ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook.en;/updating-upgrading-freebsdupdate.html#freebsdupdate-upgrade">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ,
|
||
ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍÕ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑÍ,</link> ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ports-minor-upgrade">
|
||
<para>îÕÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÍÎÅ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÁÚ,
|
||
ËÏÇÄÁ Ñ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀ ÍÉÎÏÒÎÏÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ (ÂÅÚ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÒÛÅÊ
|
||
×ÅÒÓÉÉ &os;)?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÎÅÔ. òÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÉ &os; ÄÅÌÁÀÔ ×Ó£
|
||
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÅ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ Ä×ÏÉÞÎÏÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ ×ÓÅÍÉ
|
||
ÒÅÌÉÚÁÍÉ × ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁÈ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÒÛÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ. ìÀÂÙÅ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ × "ðÒÉÍÅÞÁÎÉÑÈ Ë ÒÅÌÉÚÕ", É
|
||
ÔÁÍ ÖÅ ÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÏ×ÅÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÐÒÉÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="minimal-sh">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ <command>/bin/sh</command> ÔÁË ÍÁÌÙ?
|
||
ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÂÙ ×Ï &os; ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ <command>bash</command> ÉÌÉ
|
||
ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>íÎÏÇÉÍ
|
||
ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ ÄÌÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ
|
||
ÂÙÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÉÍÙ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÍÎÏÇÉÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ. éÍÅÎÎÏ ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ × &posix;
|
||
ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ É ÎÁÂÏÒ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ.
|
||
âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ× ÐÉÛÕÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÑÚÙËÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ Bourne shell
|
||
(&man.sh.1;), Ë
|
||
ÔÏÍÕ ÖÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÅ ×ÙÚÏ×Ù (&man.make.1;,
|
||
&man.system.3;, &man.popen.3; É ÉÈ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉ ÎÁ ÑÚÙËÁÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×
|
||
×ÙÓÏËÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË Perl ÉÌÉ Tcl) ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÃÉÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ Bourne shell. ôÁË ËÁË
|
||
Bourne shell ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÔÏÌØ ÛÉÒÏËÏ É ÞÁÓÔÏ, ÔÏ ÏÞÅÎØ ×ÁÖÎÏ,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎ ÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÁÌ ÏÞÅÎØ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ, ÅÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÓÔÒÏÇÏ
|
||
ÒÅÇÌÁÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ É ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÎÏÓÔÉ × ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÂÙÌÉ
|
||
ÍÁÌÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÉÍÅÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ ÍÙ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÉÌÉ ÍÁËÓÉÍÕÍ ÕÓÉÌÉÊ ÄÌÑ
|
||
×ÏÐÌÏÝÅÎÉÑ × ÖÉÚÎØ ×ÓÅÈ ÜÔÉÈ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÊ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ. äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔØ <command>/bin/sh</command> ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÐÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÕ,
|
||
ÍÙ ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÌÉ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ×
|
||
ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁÈ. äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÙ, ÏÂÌÁÄÁÀÝÉÅ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌØÛÉÍÉ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÑÍÉ,
|
||
ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <command>bash</command>, <command>scsh</command>,
|
||
&man.tcsh.1; É <command>zsh</command>. óÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÜÔÉÍÉ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÁÍÉ, ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅ× × ËÏÌÏÎËÉ
|
||
<quote>VSZ</quote> É <quote>RSS</quote> ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
|
||
<command>ps -u</command>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="midi-sound-files">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÁÕÄÉÏ-CD ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ× MIDI?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÁÕÄÉÏ-CD ÉÚ MIDI-ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÉÚ
|
||
ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ <package>audio/timidity++</package>, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÁÂÏÒ
|
||
ÐÁÔÞÅÊ GUS ÏÔ üÒÉËÁ õÜÌÛÁ (Eric A. Welsh), ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÊ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ
|
||
<uri xlink:href="http://alleg.sourceforge.net/digmid.html">http://alleg.sourceforge.net/digmid.html</uri>. ðÏÓÌÅ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÊ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ
|
||
<application>TiMidity++</application> MIDI-ÆÁÊÌÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ
|
||
ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÙ × WAV-ÆÁÊÌÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>timidity -Ow -s 44100 -o /tmp/juke/01.wav 01.mid</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>WAV-ÆÁÊÌÙ ÚÁÔÅÍ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÙ × ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÙ ÉÌÉ
|
||
ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ ËÁË ÁÕÄÉÏ-CD, ÞÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å
|
||
&os;</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="kernelconfig">
|
||
<title>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÑÄÒÁ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="make-kernel">
|
||
<para>ñ ÈÏÞÕ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÑÄÒÁ. üÔÏ ÓÌÏÖÎÏ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷Ï×ÓÅ ÎÅÔ! ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/kernelconfig.html">ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏÓ×ÑݣΠÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>îÏ×ÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>kernel</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ
|
||
× ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/boot/kernel</filename>
|
||
×ÍÅÓÔÅ ÓÏ Ó×ÏÉÍÉ
|
||
ÍÏÄÕÌÑÍÉ, Á ÓÔÁÒÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ É ÅÇÏ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÓÄ×ÉÎÕÔÙ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/boot/kernel.old</filename>. åÓÌÉ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÁ
|
||
ÏÛÉÂËÁ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÕÀ
|
||
×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="why-kernel-big">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÏ£ ÑÄÒÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ ÑÄÒÁ <literal>GENERIC</literal>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
|
||
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ × ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å &os;, ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ×
|
||
<emphasis>ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ</emphasis>. ÷ ÔÁËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
|
||
ÑÄÒÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ × ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ É ÓÉÌØÎÏ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ
|
||
<filename class="directory">/boot/kernel/</filename>.
|
||
úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ ÎÅÔ ÉÌÉ
|
||
ÏÎÏ ÎÅÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÐÏÄ
|
||
ÒÕËÏÊ ÎÁ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ïÄÎÁËÏ ÐÒÉ ÎÅÈ×ÁÔËÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
|
||
ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏ× ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ <filename
|
||
class="directory">>/boot/kernel/</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ Ó ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÏÊ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/src.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>WITHOUT_KERNEL_SYMBOLS=yes</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ
|
||
óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.src.conf.5;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ,
|
||
ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ × ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÊ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÑÄÒÁ ÎÅÔ ÔÁËÏÊ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>makeoptions DEBUG=-g</programlisting>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷Ù ÎÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÌÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÕ &man.config.8; Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ
|
||
<option>-g</option>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÉÚ ×ÙÛÅÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÊ ÑÄÒÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÏ Ó
|
||
ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÙÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÉ,
|
||
ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÉÈ × <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>MODULES_OVERRIDE= <replaceable>accf_http ipfw</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ <emphasis>accf_httpd ipfw</emphasis> ÎÁ ÎÕÖÎÙÊ
|
||
ÓÐÉÓÏË ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ. üÔÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ Ó ÑÄÒÏÍ, Á
|
||
ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÓÂÏÒËÉ. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
|
||
ÐÏÞÉÔÁÊÔÅ <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</filename>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÇÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ
|
||
ÎÅÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÉÚ ÑÄÒÁ. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ <xref linkend="make-kernel"/>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ×ÓÔÕÐÌÅÎÉÑ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ × ÓÉÌÕ ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ
|
||
ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑÍ ÐÏ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/kernelconfig-building.html">ÓÂÏÒËÅ
|
||
É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ</link> ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÑÄÅÒ (<filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</filename>),
|
||
ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÔ ÏÔ 12 ÄÏ 16 íÂÁÊÔ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="generic-kernel-build-failure">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÎÅ ÎÅ ÕÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÉ ÏÄÉÎ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ ÑÄÒÁ,
|
||
ÄÁÖÅ <filename>GENERIC</filename>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎ, ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÝÉÈ Ë ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÊ
|
||
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>äÅÒÅ×Ï ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÏÔÌÉÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÏÓØ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ × ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
|
||
ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. ðÅÒÅÄ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÊÔÅ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>,
|
||
ÏÂÒÁÝÁÑ ÏÓÏÂÏÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
|
||
<quote>COMMON ITEMS</quote> × ÅÇÏ ËÏÎÃÅ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>make buildkernel</command>
|
||
ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÌÁÓØ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ.
|
||
ëÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÃÅÌÉ
|
||
<command>make buildkernel</command>
|
||
ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
|
||
<command>make buildworld</command>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>äÁÖÅ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ <link
|
||
linkend="stable">&os;-STABLE</link> ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÂÙÌÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÅÎÏ × ÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ,
|
||
ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÏ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÌÏÓØ ÉÌÉ ÂÙÌÏ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏ.
|
||
ðÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÒÅÌÉÚÏ×, ÈÏÔÑ ×
|
||
ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× <link linkend="stable">&os;-STABLE</link>
|
||
ÓÔÒÏÉÔÓÑ ÂÅÚ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ. ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÓÇÒÕÚÉÔØ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï
|
||
ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ É ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ, ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÌÁÓØ
|
||
ÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ. åÓÌÉ Ó ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ ÅÓÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ,
|
||
ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÚÅÒËÁÌÏ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="scheduler-in-use">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÏÊ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÝÉË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
|
||
× ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÏ×ÝÉËÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ ÎÁÐÒÑÍÕÀ
|
||
× ×ÉÄÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ sysctl-ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ
|
||
<varname>kern.sched.name</varname>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; sysctl <replaceable>kern.sched.name</replaceable>
|
||
kern.sched.name: ULE</screen>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="scheduler-kern-quantum">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ <varname>kern.sched.quantum</varname>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para><varname>kern.sched.quantum</varname> ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ
|
||
ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÔÁËÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ, ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÞÉ
|
||
ÐÒÅÒ×ÁÎÎÙÍ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="disks">
|
||
<title>äÉÓËÉ, ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÉ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="adding-disks">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/disks-adding.html">äÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ÄÉÓËÏ×</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="new-huge-disk">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÔÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>óÁÍÙÊ ÌÕÞÛÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ
|
||
ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË Ó ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÏÍ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. üÔÏ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÐÒÉ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÉ ×ÅÔËÉ <emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis> ×
|
||
ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ
|
||
×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ booteasy ÎÁ ÏÂÁ ÄÉÓËÁ
|
||
Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.boot0cfg.8; É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÊÔÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ Ó ÌÀÂÏÇÏ
|
||
ÉÚ ÎÉÈ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔÅ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÙ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÅÊ.
|
||
ðÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÁÂÚÁÃ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ Ë ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ìÉÂÏ ÒÁÚÂÅÊÔÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ É ÒÁÚÍÅÔØÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÄÉÓË Ó
|
||
ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.sade.8; ÉÌÉ &man.gpart.8;. åÓÌÉ ÄÉÓËÉ
|
||
ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ × MBR, ÔÏ booteasy ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÎÁ ÏÂÁ
|
||
ÄÉÓËÁ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ &man.boot0cfg.8; ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÍÅÔØ
|
||
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ËÁË ÓÔÁÒÏÊ, ÔÁË É ÎÏ×ÏÊ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÉ ÄÉÓËÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÔÁË ×ÚÑÔØ
|
||
É ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÔÉ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔÙ,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÕÞÉÔÙ×ÁÀÔ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× É ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ÆÌÁÇÉ,
|
||
ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, &man.dump.8;. é ÈÏÔÑ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÜÔÏ ÎÅ
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÅÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÁÈ ÓÔÏÉÔ <acronym>UFS</acronym>, ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ
|
||
ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ, ËÒÏÍÅ &man.dump.8; É &man.restore.8;
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÁ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. üÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
|
||
ÔÁËÖÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÅ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
|
||
ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÕÓÔÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ. ðÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÛÁÇÏ× ÐÒÉ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <command>dump</command> ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ
|
||
Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ <acronym>UFS</acronym> ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<procedure>
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>newfs</command> ÎÁÄ ÎÏ×ÙÍ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏÍ.</para>
|
||
</step>
|
||
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>mount</command> ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ ×Ï
|
||
×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ.</para>
|
||
</step>
|
||
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>cd</command> ÐÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ÜÔÏÔ
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ.</para>
|
||
</step>
|
||
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>dump</command> ÎÁÄ ÓÔÁÒÙÍ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏÍ, ÎÁÐÒÁ×É× ×Ù×ÏÄ × ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ.</para>
|
||
</step>
|
||
</procedure>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÎÅÓÔÉ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <filename>/dev/ada1s1a</filename>
|
||
Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ <filename>/mnt</filename>
|
||
× ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÔÏÞËÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ad1as1a</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1as1a /mnt</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore rf -</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅÒÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
|
||
<command>dump</command> ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
|
||
ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÕÓÉÌÉÊ. äÌÑ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÔÉÐÁ
|
||
<filename>/var</filename> Ó ÅÇÏ ×ÙÛÅÓÔÏÑÝÉÍ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏÍ, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÙÊ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌ, ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÉÈ ÏÂÏÉÈ, ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ
|
||
×ÙÛÅÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÔÁË, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ ×ÙÛÅ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ
|
||
ÎÉÖÅÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ × ÐÕÓÔÏÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ada1s1a</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ad1as1a /mnt</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore rf -</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd var</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - /var | restore rf -</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÏÔÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ ÏÔ ×ÙÛÅÓÔÏÑÝÅÇÏ, ÓËÁÖÅÍ, ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ <filename>/var</filename> ×
|
||
ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ,
|
||
ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÏÂÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ, ÚÁÔÅÍ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÎÉÖÅÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ×
|
||
ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ ÔÏÞËÕ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÊ ÅÄÉÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ada1s1a</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/ada1s1d</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ada1s1a /mnt</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>mkdir /mnt/var</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/ada1s1d /mnt/var</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /mnt</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>dump 0af - / | restore rf -</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ
|
||
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ &man.cpio.1; É &man.pax.1;. éÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÉ
|
||
ÔÅÒÑÀÔ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÆÌÁÇÁÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÉÈ
|
||
Ó ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="safe-softupdates">
|
||
<para>îÁ ËÁËÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÅÚ ÏÐÁÓËÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ
|
||
Soft Updates? ñ ÓÌÙÛÁÌ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Soft Updates ÎÁ
|
||
<filename>/</filename> ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë
|
||
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍ. þÔÏ ÎÁÓÞ£Ô ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ Soft Updates?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ: ÏÂÙÞÎÏ Soft Updates ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÂÅÚ ÏÐÁÓËÉ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ: Soft Updates ÉÍÅÀÔ Ä×Å ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÙ ÎÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ. ÷Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ,
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌ Ó Soft Updates ÉÍÅÅÔ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÛÁÎÓ ÐÏÔÅÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ
|
||
Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. òÁÚÄÅÌ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÐÏÒÞÅÎ,
|
||
ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÙ. ÷Ï-×ÔÏÒÙÈ, Soft Updates ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë
|
||
×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÎÅÈ×ÁÔËÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ Soft Updates ÑÄÒÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÄÏ ÔÒÉÄÃÁÔÉ ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ ÎÁ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÄÉÓË.
|
||
ðÒÉ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÉ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÏÎ ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÐÏËÁ
|
||
ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔ ÆÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ
|
||
Ë ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ ÇÏÎËÅ. ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÉÎ
|
||
ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ É ÔÕÔ ÖÅ ÓÏÚÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ.
|
||
ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÅÝ£ ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌ£Î Ó ÄÉÓËÁ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ È×ÁÔÉÔØ ÍÅÓÔÁ. üÔÏ
|
||
ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô Ë ÏÛÉÂËÅ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÎÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, ÎÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÞÔÏ ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÄÉÌÏÓØ
|
||
ÍÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ. þÅÒÅÚ ÐÁÒÕ ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÓÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ,
|
||
ËÁË É ÏÖÉÄÁÌÏÓØ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÑÄÒÏ
|
||
ÐÒÉÍÅÔ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË, ÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
|
||
ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ ÚÁÐÉÛÕÔÓÑ, ÔÏ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÔØÓÑ.
|
||
ôÁËÏÊ ÒÉÓË ÞÒÅÚ×ÙÞÁÊÎÏ ÍÁÌ, ÎÏ × ÃÅÌÏÍ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ×ÌÉÑÀÔ ÎÁ ×ÓÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÅ Soft Updates.
|
||
éÔÁË, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÄÌÑ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ?</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>öÉÚÎÅÎÎÏ ×ÁÖÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÞÅÎØ
|
||
ÒÅÄËÏ. åÓÌÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÄÅÔ ÓÂÏÊ × ÐÅÒÉÏÄ ÔÒÉÄÃÁÔÉÓÅËÕÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÏËÎÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÏËÁÖÕÔÓÑ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÎÙÍÉ. üÔÏÔ
|
||
ÒÉÓË ÎÅÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Á ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ, ÎÏ ÅÇÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ
|
||
ÕÞÉÔÙ×ÁÔØ. åÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉÎÑÔØ ÔÁËÏÊ ÒÉÓË,
|
||
ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ Soft Updates Ó ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ!</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><filename>/</filename> ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÄÎÉÍ ÉÚ ÓÁÍÙÈ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×. åÓÌÉ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/tmp</filename> ÒÁÚÍÅÝ£Î × <filename>/</filename> É Õ
|
||
×ÁÓ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎ <filename>/tmp</filename>, ÔÏ ÍÏÇÕÔ
|
||
ÐÅÒÉÏÄÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×ÏÍ.
|
||
óÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÉ <filename>/tmp</filename>,
|
||
ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÅÊ ÎÁ <filename>/var/tmp</filename> ÒÅÛÉÔ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÚÁËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ, &man.dump.8; ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÇÏ
|
||
×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ (-L) Ó ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ÄÌÑ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ
|
||
ÖÕÒÎÁÌÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ Soft Updates (<acronym>SU+J</acronym>).</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="mount-foreign-fs">
|
||
<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÑÄ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>UFS</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ëÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÉ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ UFS ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ
|
||
ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÂÅÚ ×ÓÑËÉÈ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ. íÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍ Digital UNIX ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÝÉÈ UFS,
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ
|
||
ÒÁÚÂÉÅÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÁ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>ext2/ext3</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>&os; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ <literal>ext2fs</literal>
|
||
É <literal>ext3fs</literal>.
|
||
úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
|
||
óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.ext2fs.5;.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>NTFS</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ NTFS ÞÅÒÅÚ FUSE ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÏÒÔ
|
||
<package>sysutils/fusefs-ntfs</package>.
|
||
äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
|
||
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ Ë <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.tuxera.com/community/ntfs-3g-manual/"><application>ntfs-3g</application></link>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>FAT</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷Ï &os; ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó FAT × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
|
||
ÞÔÅÎÉÑ-ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
|
||
ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.mount.msdosfs.8;.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>ZFS</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>&os; ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ × ÓÅÂÑ ÐÏÒÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÕÀ ÉÚ &sun;
|
||
ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ZFS. ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ
|
||
ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Å£ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÅ
|
||
&arch.amd64; Ó ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÙÍ ÏÂßÅÍÏÍ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ
|
||
&man.zfs.8;.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<para>&os; ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÓÅÔÅ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ
|
||
<acronym>NFS</acronym>. ÷ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ÐÏÒÔÏ× &os; ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ FUSE ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="mount-dos">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ DOS?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ÔÏÒÉÞÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ DOS ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ <emphasis>×ÓÅÈ</emphasis>
|
||
ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×.
|
||
îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ <quote>E</quote> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÔÏÒÙÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏÍ
|
||
DOS ÎÁ ×ÔÏÒÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ SCSI, ÔÏ ÚÄÅÓØ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÐÑÔÏÇÏ <quote>ÓÌÁÊÓÁ</quote> × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/dev</filename>.
|
||
þÔÏÂÙ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdosfs /dev/da1s5 /dos/e</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="crypto-filesystem">
|
||
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÌÉ ËÒÉÐÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÄÌÑ
|
||
&os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ, &man.gbde.8; É &man.geli.8;.
|
||
óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/disks-encrypting.html">ûÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="grub-loader">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ &os; É &linux; Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
|
||
<application>GRUB</application>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ &os; Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
|
||
<application>GRUB</application> ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
|
||
× <filename>/boot/grub/menu.lst</filename> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename>, × ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ
|
||
ÏÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á &linux;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>title &os; 9.1
|
||
root <replaceable>(hd0,a)</replaceable>
|
||
kernel /boot/loader</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>çÄÅ <replaceable>hd0,a</replaceable> ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÎÁ
|
||
ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÄÉÓËÅ. þÔÏÂÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÎÏÍÅÒ
|
||
ÓÌÁÊÓÁ, ÎÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ×ÒÏÄÅ
|
||
<replaceable>(hd0,2,a)</replaceable>. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÅÓÌÉ
|
||
ÎÏÍÅÒ ÓÌÁÊÓÁ ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎ, <application>GRUB</application>
|
||
ÉÝÅÔ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÓÌÁÊÓ c ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏÍ <literal>a</literal>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="booteasy-loader">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ &os; É &linux; Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
|
||
<application>BootEasy</application>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ LILO × ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ &linux;,
|
||
Á ÎÅ × Master Boot Record. ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ LILO ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ LILO ÉÚ <application>BootEasy</application>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÒÉ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÍ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ &windows; É &linux;, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÐÒÏÓÔÉÔØ
|
||
×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ &linux; × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &windows;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="changing-bootprompt">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÓÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ Ó <literal>???</literal> ÎÁ
|
||
ÞÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÁÝÅÅ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÏÇÏ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÏÍ, ÎÅ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÁ× ÅÇÏ. ÷ ËÁÔÅÇÏÒÉÉ <filename>sysutils</filename>
|
||
ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ðÏÒÔÏ× ÅÓÔØ ÒÑÄ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÏ×
|
||
ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="removable-drives">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÓÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÉÓËÏ×?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÕÖÅ ÅÓÔØ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å,
|
||
ÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -t msdosfs /dev/da0s1 /mnt</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ &os;, ÔÏ ÒÁÚÂÅÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ
|
||
<acronym>UFS</acronym> ÉÌÉ <acronym>ZFS</acronym>. üÔÏ
|
||
ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉÔ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÈ ÉͣΠÆÁÊÌÏ×, Õ×ÅÌÉÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ É ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÏÓÔØ. åÓÌÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ, ÔÏ ÌÕÞÛÅ
|
||
ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙÊ ×ÙÂÏÒ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, msdosfs.</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 count=2</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>gpart create -s GPT /dev/da0</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>gpart add -t freebsd-ufs /dev/da0</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>newfs /dev/da0p1</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>É ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Å£:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount /dev/da0s1 /mnt</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>èÏÒÏÛÏ ÅÝ£ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÕ ÐÏ &man.fstab.5;),
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ × ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÁ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
|
||
<command>mount /mnt</command>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>/dev/da0p1 /mnt ufs rw,noauto 0 0</programlisting>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="mount-cd-superblock">
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<errorname>Incorrect super block</errorname>.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÔÉÐ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á.
|
||
üÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd">éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
CD Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="cdrom-not-configured">
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<literal>Device not configured</literal>.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ × ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÅ ÎÅÔ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁ ÌÉÂÏ
|
||
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÎÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÏ ÎÁ ÛÉÎÅ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ
|
||
<link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd">
|
||
éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ CD Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ</link> × òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å, ÇÄÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ
|
||
ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÜÔÏÔ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="cdrom-unicode-filenames">
|
||
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÀ CD-ROM, ×ÓÅ ÎÅÁÎÇÌÉÊÓËÉÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ × ÉÍÅÎÁÈ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÏ× ×Ù×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ËÁË <quote>?</quote>.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>óËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÎÁ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÅ ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÁÈ É ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ <quote>Joliet</quote>.
|
||
üÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ï <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#mounting-cd">ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
|
||
CD Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="burncd-isofs">
|
||
<para>úÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÊ ×Ï &os; CD ÎÅ ÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÉ × ËÁËÏÊ
|
||
ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ. ðÏÞÅÍÕ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ CD ÂÙÌ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
|
||
ÎÅÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÂÅÚ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
|
||
ISO 9660. ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ï <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#rawdata-cd">ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
|
||
ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÉ</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="copy-cd">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÏÂÒÁÚ CD Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÏ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ï <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html#imaging-cd">ËÏÐÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
|
||
CD Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ</link>. âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÌÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó
|
||
ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ Ï <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/creating-cds.html">ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÉ
|
||
ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÏ×</link>
|
||
× ÇÌÁ×Å òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ï ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="mount-audio-CD">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ (ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<command>mount</command> ÁÕÄÉÏ CD?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÏÐÙÔËÁ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÕÄÉÏ CD ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô Ë ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÀ ÏÂ
|
||
ÏÛÉÂËÅ ×ÉÄÁ: <errorname>cd9660: /dev/acd0c: Invalid
|
||
argument</errorname>. ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ,
|
||
ÞÔÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>mount</command> ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ. îÁ ÁÕÄÉÏ CD ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÎÅÔ;
|
||
ÏÎÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÕÍÅÅÔ ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÁÕÄÉÏ CD, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÏÒÔ
|
||
<package>audio/xmcd</package>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="multi-session-CD">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ <command>mount</command> ÄÌÑ ÍÎÏÇÏÓÅÁÎÓÏ×ÏÇÏ
|
||
CD?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ &man.mount.8; ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ÄÏÒÏÖËÕ (ÓÅÁÎÓ) CD Ó ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ. äÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
|
||
ÂÏÌÅÅ ÒÁÎÎÅÇÏ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
|
||
<option>-s</option>. úÁ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÍÉ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ
|
||
Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.mount.cd9660.8;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="user-floppymount">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ËÏÍÐÁËÔ-ÄÉÓËÉ, DVD, USB-ÄÉÓËÉ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÓÍÅÎÎÙÅ ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">root</systemitem>, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÕÀ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ <varname>vfs.usermount</varname> ×
|
||
ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>1</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl vfs.usermount=1</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÓÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÌÏ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
|
||
ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ <literal>vfs.usermount=1</literal> × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á,
|
||
Ë ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ Õ ÎÉÈ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÎÁ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ. þÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎÙ
|
||
ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ × <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÐÅÒ×ÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï USB, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting># Allow all users to mount a USB drive.
|
||
own /dev/da0 root:operator
|
||
perm /dev/da0 0666</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
|
||
Ó ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÎÁ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ × ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>mkdir ~/my-mount-point</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.user; <userinput>mount -t msdosfs /dev/da0 ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>òÁÚÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>umount ~/my-mount-point</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <varname>vfs.usermount</varname>, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÉÍÅÅÔ
|
||
ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÇÁÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÅ Ó ×ÏÐÒÏÓÁÍÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.
|
||
âÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÎÏÓÉÔÅÌÑÍÉ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ &ms-dos;
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÁ <package>emulators/mtools</package>
|
||
ÉÚ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ðÏÒÔÏ×.</para>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>éÍÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÎÏÅ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ
|
||
ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁÈ, ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó
|
||
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="du-vs-df">
|
||
<para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>du</command> É <command>df</command>
|
||
ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÒÁÚÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á.
|
||
þÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÏ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÏ Ó ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÜÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ. <command>du</command> ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Õ
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, ÚÁÍÅÒÑÑ, ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÏÂßÅÍ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ
|
||
ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ, É ×ÙÄÁÅÔ ÏÂÝÉÊ ÏÂßÅÍ. <command>df</command>
|
||
ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ï ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÅÍÓÑ ÏÂßÅÍÅ.
|
||
üÔÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ËÁË ÏÄÎÏ É ÔÏ ÖÅ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÆÁÊÌ ÂÅÚ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ×
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ ÚÁÔÒÏÎÅÔ <command>df</command>, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÐÏ×ÌÉÑÅÔ ÎÁ
|
||
<command>du</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ É ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ,
|
||
ÔÏ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÐÏËÁ
|
||
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÎÅ ÐÒÅËÒÁÔÉÔ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÆÁÊÌ ÔÕÔ
|
||
ÖÅ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ. ðÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÉÍ ÓÅÂÅ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÅÇÏ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ ×ÌÉÑÌÏ
|
||
ÎÁ ×Ù×ÏÄ <command>du</command> É <command>df</command>.
|
||
åÓÌÉ ÆÁÊÌ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔÓÑ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÎÉÍ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
|
||
<command>more</command>, ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>more</command>
|
||
ÎÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔ ÓÒÁÚÕ ÖÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ.
|
||
úÁÐÉÓØ Ï ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÁ ÉÚ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÁ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÇÕÔ Ë ÎÅÍÕ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ.
|
||
ôÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, <command>du</command> ÐÏËÁÖÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
ÉÓÞÅÚ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÎÁ ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔ ÄÅÒÅ×Ï ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÏ×, Á
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÁ ÔÁÍ ÎÅÔ. <command>df</command> ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ÚÄÅÓØ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÎÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
<command>more</command> ×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÜÔÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï. ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁËÏÎÞÉÔÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó
|
||
<command>more</command>, ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>du</command> É
|
||
<command>df</command> ÐÒÉÄÕÔ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÁËÁÑ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ ÞÁÓÔÁ ÎÁ Web-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ. íÎÏÇÉÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔ
|
||
Web-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÎÁ &os; É ÚÁÂÙ×ÁÀÔ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÑÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ×.
|
||
öÕÒÎÁÌ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ <filename>/var</filename>. îÏ×ÙÊ
|
||
ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ÕÄÁÌÑÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ, ÎÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ×ÓÅ ÅÝÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎ. ïÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓË ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Web-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
|
||
ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÄÉÔ ÆÁÊÌ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÄÉÔØ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï.
|
||
äÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÄÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÏÔÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÊ
|
||
(Soft Updates) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÏ 30 ÓÅËÕÎÄ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
|
||
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÁÌÉ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="add-swap-space">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÕÀ ÐÁÍÑÔØ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/adding-swap-space.html">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á</link>
|
||
ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="manufacturer-disk-size">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ &os; ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÍÏÅÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ ÍÅÎØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ
|
||
ÚÁÑ×ÌÑÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÉ ÄÉÓËÏ× ÓÞÉÔÁÀÔ ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ ÍÉÌÌÉÁÒÄÕ ÂÁÊÔ,
|
||
Á &os; ÐÒÉÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÅÔ ÅÇÏ Ë 1073741824 ÂÁÊÔ. üÔÏ ÏÂßÑÓÎÑÅÔ,
|
||
ÐÏÞÅÍÕ, Ë ÐÒÉÍÅÒÕ, × ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑÈ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ &os; ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
£ÍËÏÓÔØ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÏÂß£Í ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 80 çÂÁÊÔ,
|
||
ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ 76319 íÂÁÊÔ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ, ÞÔÏ &os; ÂÕÄÅÔ (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ) <link linkend="disk-more-than-full">ÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ</link> 8% £ÍËÏÓÔÉ
|
||
ÄÉÓËÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="disk-more-than-full">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÞÅÍ ÎÁ 100%?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>þÁÓÔØ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ UFS (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ 8%) ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ
|
||
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>. õÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.df.1; ÎÅ ÕÞÉÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÜÔÏ
|
||
ÐÒÉ ÐÏÄÓÞ£ÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ × ËÏÌÏÎËÅ <literal>Capacity</literal>, ÔÁË
|
||
ÞÔÏ ÏÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÔØ 100%. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÌÏÎËÁ
|
||
<literal>Blocks</literal> ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÂÏÌØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÓÕÍÍÁ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ ×
|
||
ËÏÌÏÎËÁÈ <literal>Used</literal> É <literal>Avail</literal>,
|
||
ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÁ 8%.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÀ
|
||
ÏÐÃÉÉ <option>-m</option> × ÓÐÒÁ×ËÅ ÐÏ &man.tunefs.8;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="slow-boot-memtest">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ &os; ÚÁÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÌÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ
|
||
ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÏÂߣÍÏÍ ïúõ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&os; ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ËÏÒÏÔËÕÀ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÕ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÎÁ ÒÁÎÎÅÍ
|
||
ÜÔÁÐÅ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ. ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÁ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ×ÓÅÇÏ
|
||
ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÅËÕÎÄ, ÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÅÓÑÔËÏ×
|
||
ÉÌÉ ÓÏÔÅÎ çÂÁÊÔ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÎÑÔØ ÄÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ
|
||
ÍÉÎÕÔ. üÔÕ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É×
|
||
<literal>hw.memtest.tests</literal> × ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<literal>0</literal> ×
|
||
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
|
||
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.loader.conf.5;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="all-about-zfs">
|
||
<title>ZFS</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="how-much-ram-for-zfs">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÏÊ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂß£Í ïúõ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÌÑ ZFS?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ËÏÍÆÏÒÔÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ 4 çÂÁÊÔ
|
||
ïúõ, ÎÏ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÁÑ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÁÔØÓÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="what-is-zil">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ZIL É ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para><acronym>ZIL</acronym> ((<acronym>ZFS</acronym>
|
||
intent log) — ÜÔÏ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÆÉËÓÁÃÉÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÀÔÓÑ
|
||
× ÇÒÕÐÐÕ ÔÒÁÎÚÁËÃÉÊ É ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÉ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÐÉÛÕÔÓÑ ÎÁ
|
||
ÄÉÓË (<quote>Transaction Group Commit</quote>). ïÄÎÁËÏ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ ×ÙÚÏ×Ù ÔÉÐÁ &man.fsync.2; ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÆÉËÓÁÃÉÀ
|
||
ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å ÐÅÒÅÄ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÏÍ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.
|
||
ZIL ÎÕÖÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÔÁËÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÎÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
|
||
ÅÝ£ ÎÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ. çÒÕÐÐÁ ÔÒÁÎÚÁËÃÉÊ ÐÏÍÅÞÁÅÔÓÑ
|
||
×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÍÅÔËÏÊ. ÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÓÂÏÑ ÉÝÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÑÑ ÎÅÐÏ×ÒÅÖÄ£ÎÎÁÑ ÍÅÔËÁ É ÉÚ ZIL ÉÚ×ÌÅËÁÀÔÓÑ
|
||
ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÀÝÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="need-ssd-for-zil">
|
||
<para>îÕÖÅÎ ÌÉ ÍÎÅ SSD ÄÌÑ ZIL?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ZFS ÈÒÁÎÉÔ ZIL × ÐÕÌÅ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÍÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ.
|
||
åÓÌÉ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÎÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ×ÙÎÏÓ ZIL
|
||
ÎÁ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï Ó ÏÞÅÎØ ÂÙÓÔÒÏÊ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÎÏÊ
|
||
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÕÌÕÞÛÉÔØ ÏÂÝÕÀ
|
||
ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ. ÷ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ SSD ×ÒÑÄ ÌÉ
|
||
ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÕÌÕÞÛÉÔØ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="what-is-l2arc">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ L2ARC?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para><acronym>L2ARC</acronym> — ÜÔÏ ËÅÛ ÎÁ ÞÔÅÎÉÅ,
|
||
ÈÒÁÎÉÍÙÊ ÎÁ ÂÙÓÔÒÏÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å, ÔÁËÏÍ ËÁË
|
||
<acronym>SSD</acronym>. üÔÏÔ ËÅÛ ÎÅ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁÍÉ. óÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ïúõ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÅÔ
|
||
ËÁË ËÅÛ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ, Á L2ARC ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×ÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ
|
||
ÐÒÉ ÎÅÈ×ÁÔËÅ ïúõ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ L2ARC ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï × ARC ÄÌÑ ÅÇÏ ÉÎÄÅËÓÁÃÉÉ.
|
||
ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÒÁÂÏÞÉÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÄÅÁÌØÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔÓÑ
|
||
× ARC, ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÍÅÝÁÔØÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ L2ARC, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ
|
||
ÞÔÏ ÞÁÓÔØ ARC ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔ×ÅÄÅÎÁ ÐÏÄ ÉÎÄÅËÓ L2ARC Ó
|
||
×ÙÔÅÓÎÅÎÉÅÍ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÇÏ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ × L2ARC, ÂÏÌÅÅ
|
||
ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÙÊ, ÞÅÍ ïúõ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="should-enable-dedup">
|
||
<para>ãÅÌÅÓÏÏÂÒÁÚÎÏ ÌÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÅÄÕÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅÔ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÅÄÕÐÌÉËÁÃÉÑ ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÏÂß£Í ïúõ É ÍÏÖÅÔ
|
||
Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ. åÓÌÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
|
||
ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÄÕÂÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ (ÏÂÒÁÚÙ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ
|
||
ÍÁÛÉÎ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÅ ÂÅËÁÐÙ), ÔÏ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ,
|
||
ÄÅÄÕÐÌÉËÁÃÉÑ ÄÁÓÔ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ×ÒÅÄÁ. äÒÕÇÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔØ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ ÄÅÄÕÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ.
|
||
åÓÌÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÙ ÐÒÉ ×ËÌÀÞ£ÎÎÏÊ ÄÅÄÕÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ, Å£
|
||
×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô Ë ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÒÅÐÌÉËÁÃÉÉ ÏÂßÅÄÉΣÎÎÙÈ
|
||
ÂÌÏËÏ× ÄÏ ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÉÓÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÅÄÕÐÌÉËÁÃÉÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔØ Ë ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ
|
||
ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÍ. ÷ ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ×
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ÚÁÍÅÄÌÉÔØÓÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="zpool-fully-full">
|
||
<para>ñ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÁ ÐÕÌÅ ZFS.
|
||
ëÁË Ñ ÍÏÇÕ ÜÔÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ôÁËÏÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÔÉ ÐÒÉ 100% ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÕÌÁ.
|
||
ZFS ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
|
||
ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÔÒÁÎÚÁËÃÉÊ. äÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ ÐÕÌÁ ÏÂÒÅÖØÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÅÇÏ
|
||
ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÅÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>truncate -s 0 <replaceable>unimportant-file</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>ïÂÒÅÚÁÎÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÏ ÔÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÏ×ÁÑ
|
||
ÔÒÁÎÚÁËÃÉÑ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÎÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ; ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÀÔÓÑ
|
||
ÎÏ×ÙÅ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÙÅ ÂÌÏËÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>îÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ Ó ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÏÊ ZFS dataset,
|
||
ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË ÄÅÄÕÐÌÉËÁÃÉÑ, Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÂÙÔØ
|
||
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ ÓÒÁÚÕ.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="zfs-ssd-trim">
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ TRIM × ZFS ÄÌÑ Ô×ÅÒÄÏÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
|
||
ÎÁËÏÐÉÔÅÌÅÊ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ZFS TRIM ÂÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ×Ï
|
||
&os; 10-CURRENT × ÒÅ×ÉÚÉÉ
|
||
r<revnumber>240868</revnumber> É ÓÔÁÌÁ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ
|
||
× ×ÅÔËÁÈ -STABLE × r<revnumber>252162</revnumber> É
|
||
r<revnumber>251419</revnumber>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ZFS TRIM ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÁ
|
||
ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>vfs.zfs.trim_disable=1</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>ZFS TRIM ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑÈ,
|
||
× ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ZFS ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÁÈ Ó
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ GELI.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="admin">
|
||
<title>óÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÅ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="startup-config-files">
|
||
<para>çÄÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ ÆÁÊÌÙ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
<filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÏÐÉÓÁÎ
|
||
× &man.rc.conf.5;). üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÁÀÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ
|
||
ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ, ÔÁËÉÅ ËÁË <filename>/etc/rc</filename> É
|
||
<filename>/etc/rc.d</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ ×
|
||
&man.rc.8;. <emphasis>îÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÏÔ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌ!</emphasis> ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> ÓËÏÐÉÒÕÊÔÅ
|
||
ÜÔÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> É ÐÏÍÅÎÑÊÔÅ
|
||
ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÔÁÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ &man.named.8;, ÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÏÇÏ Ó ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ
|
||
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ DNS:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo 'named_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÍÅÓÔÎÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>.
|
||
õ ÜÔÉÈ ÓËÒÉÐÔÏ×
|
||
ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ ÂÉÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍÏÓÔÉ, ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ <literal>555</literal>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="adding-users">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÐÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ &man.adduser.8; ÉÌÉ &man.pw.8; × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
|
||
×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
|
||
&man.rmuser.8; ÉÌÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ, &man.pw.8;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="root-not-found-cron-errors">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÍÏÅÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
|
||
<filename>crontab</filename> Ñ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÉÄÁ
|
||
<errorname>root: not found</errorname>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÁ crontab.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÄÈÏÄ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ crontab
|
||
ÉÍÅÅÔ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ, ÏÔÌÉÞÎÙÊ ÏÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ crontab.
|
||
óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ crontab ÉÍÅÅÔ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ ÐÏÌÅ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÅÅ,
|
||
ÐÏÄ ËÁËÉÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ. &man.cron.8;
|
||
ÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ ÓÌÏ×ÏÍ ×
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ ÎÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ. ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÔÁËÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÎÅ
|
||
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ, ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÜÔÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÂ ÏÛÉÂËÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÕÄÁÌÉÔØ ÌÉÛÎÉÊ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÊ crontab:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>crontab -r</userinput></screen>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="su-wheel-group">
|
||
<para>ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>su</command> ×ÙÄÁÅÔ ÏÛÉÂËÕ
|
||
<errorname>you are not in the correct group to su
|
||
root</errorname>, ËÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÐÙÔÁÀÓØ ÓÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÎÁ
|
||
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ. äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
|
||
<command>su</command> ÎÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">root</systemitem> ÉÌÉ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ
|
||
Ó ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÍÉ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ, ÕÞ£ÔÎÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÞÌÅÎÏÍ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ <systemitem
|
||
class="groupname">wheel</systemitem>. åÓÌÉ ÂÙ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÅ
|
||
ÂÙÌÏ, ÔÏ ÌÀÂÏÊ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ É ÕÚÎÁ×ÛÉÊ ÐÁÒÏÌØ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">root</systemitem>, ÓÍÏÇ ÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ×
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ËÏÍÕ-ÌÉÂÏ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÎÁ
|
||
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ
|
||
ÅÇÏ × ÇÒÕÐÐÕ <systemitem
|
||
class="groupname">wheel</systemitem> Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
|
||
<command>pw</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw groupmod wheel -m lisa</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÙÛÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">lisa</systemitem> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ × ÇÒÕÐÐÕ
|
||
<systemitem class="groupname">wheel</systemitem>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="rcconf-readonly">
|
||
<para>ñ ÓÄÅÌÁÌ ÏÛÉÂËÕ × ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>rc.conf</filename> ÉÌÉ ×
|
||
ËÁËÏÍ-ÔÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, É ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÅÇÏ
|
||
ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
|
||
ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ. þÔÏ ÍÎÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ
|
||
ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <userinput>boot -s</userinput> ÄÌÑ
|
||
×ÈÏÄÁ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ. ðÒÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÉ
|
||
ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ××ÏÄ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÐÕÔÉ ÄÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁ
|
||
ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <literal>Enter</literal>, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>mount -urw /</command> ÄÌÑ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
|
||
ÞÔÅÎÉÑ/ÚÁÐÉÓÉ. ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>mount -a -t ufs</command> ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎ ×ÁÛ
|
||
ÌÀÂÉÍÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ. åÓÌÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎ ÎÁ
|
||
ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÌÉÂÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
|
||
×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ ÄÏ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÌÉÂÏ
|
||
×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÏÍ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÓÑ × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, ÔÁËÉÍ, ËÁË &man.ed.1;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÌÎÏÜËÒÁÎÎÙÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ, ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË
|
||
&man.vi.1; ÉÌÉ &man.emacs.1;, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
|
||
<command>export TERM=xterm</command> ×Ï &os; 9.0+ ÉÌÉ
|
||
<command>export TERM=cons25</command> ×Ï &os; 8.X, ÞÔÏÂÙ
|
||
ÔÁËÉÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÙ ÓÍÏÇÌÉ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ ×ÚÑÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÂÁÚÙ
|
||
ÄÁÎÎÙÈ &man.termcap.5;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÛÁÇÏ× ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂËÉ.
|
||
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÅ, ×Ù×ÏÄÉÍÏÅ ÓÒÁÚÕ ÖÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ
|
||
ÐÒÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÑÄÒÁ, ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÎÁ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÏÛÉÂËÕ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="printer-setup">
|
||
<para>õ ÍÅÎÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒÁ.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/printing.html">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</link>
|
||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍÕ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ, ÚÁ ÓÏ×ÅÔÁÍÉ ÐÏ
|
||
ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="keyboard-mappings">
|
||
<para>òÁÓËÌÁÄËÁ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ ÎÅ×ÅÒÎÁ.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍÕ
|
||
<link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/using-localization.html">
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÌÏËÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ</link>, Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ Ë ÞÁÓÔÉ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÅÊ
|
||
<link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/using-localization.html#setting-console">
|
||
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="user-quotas">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÅ Ë×ÏÔÙ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<orderedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÑÄÒÏ ÎÅ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÙÍ
|
||
ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó Ë×ÏÔÁÍÉ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
|
||
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ É
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÓÏÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>options QUOTA</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/quotas.html">ÇÌÁ×Õ
|
||
ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÐÏ Ë×ÏÔÁÍ</link> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÊ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>îÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÊÔÅ Ë×ÏÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ
|
||
<filename>/</filename>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ðÏÍÅÝÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ Ó Ë×ÏÔÁÍÉ × ÔÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÏÎ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
|
||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry>æÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ</entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>æÁÊÌ Ë×ÏÔ</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><filename>/usr</filename></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry><filename>/usr/admin/quotas</filename></entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><filename>/home</filename></entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry><filename>/home/admin/quotas</filename></entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry>…</entry>
|
||
|
||
<entry>…</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</tgroup>
|
||
</informaltable>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</orderedlist>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="sysv-ipc">
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ &os; ×ÙÚÏ×Ù IPC ÉÚ System V?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ, ×Ï &os; × ÑÄÒÏ <filename>GENERIC</filename>
|
||
×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ IPC × ÓÔÉÌÅ System V, × ÔÏÍ ÞÉÓÌÅ
|
||
ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ É ÓÅÍÁÆÏÒÏ×.
|
||
÷ ×ÁÛÅÍ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ÑÄÒÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ
|
||
ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ ÑÄÒÁ
|
||
<filename>sysvshm.ko</filename>,
|
||
<filename>sysvsem.ko</filename> É
|
||
<filename>sysvmsg.ko</filename> ÉÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ×
|
||
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÑÄÒÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÔÒÏË:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>options SYSVSHM # enable shared memory
|
||
options SYSVSEM # enable for semaphores
|
||
options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ É ÐÅÒÅÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="sendmail-alternative">
|
||
<para>ëÁËÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÇÏ
|
||
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
|
||
<application>Sendmail</application>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>óÅÒ×ÅÒ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.sendmail.org/"><application>Sendmail</application></link>
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÍ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÇÏ
|
||
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ×Ï &os;, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÍ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÎÏ ÅÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ
|
||
ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÄÒÕÇÉÍ MTA, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍ ÉÚ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ðÏÒÔÏ×.
|
||
÷ ÄÅÒÅ×Å ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ <package>mail/exim</package>,
|
||
<package>mail/postfix</package> É
|
||
<package>mail/qmail</package>. ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÁÒÈÉ×Ù ÓÐÉÓËÏ×
|
||
ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÍÅÔ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÏÉÎÓÔ× É ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÏ×
|
||
ÉÍÅÀÝÉÈÓÑ MTA.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="forgot-root-pw">
|
||
<para>ñ ÚÁÂÙÌ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">root</systemitem>! þÔÏ
|
||
ÄÅÌÁÔØ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>âÅÚ ÐÁÎÉËÉ! ðÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ
|
||
<userinput>boot -s</userinput> × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ
|
||
<literal>Boot:</literal> ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ
|
||
ÒÅÖÉÍ. îÁ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÅ ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ
|
||
<keycap>Enter</keycap> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÑ
|
||
&prompt.root;. ÷×ÅÄÉÔÅ <command>mount -urw /</command>,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÕÀ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
|
||
ÞÔÅÎÉÑ/ÚÁÐÉÓÉ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÞÅÇÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>mount
|
||
-a</command> ÄÌÑ ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.
|
||
úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>passwd root</command>, ÞÔÏÂÙ
|
||
ÓÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">root</systemitem>, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ &man.exit.1;
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÒÉ ×ÈÏÄÅ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ××ÅÓÔÉ ÐÁÒÏÌØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">root</systemitem>, ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ËÏÎÓÏÌØ ÂÙÌÁ ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎÁ ËÁË <literal>insecure</literal> ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename>. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
|
||
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ &os;,
|
||
×ÙÂÒÁÔØ <guimenuitem>Live CD</guimenuitem> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<guimenuitem>Shell</guimenuitem> × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÅ ×ÙÛÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ
|
||
ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÎÕÖÎÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ É ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÔÕÄÁ
|
||
chroot. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>mount
|
||
-urw /</command> ÎÁ <command>mount /dev/ada0p1 /mnt;
|
||
chroot /mnt</command> ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÎÏÊ ÎÁ
|
||
<replaceable>ada0p1</replaceable>.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ËÏÒÎÅ×ÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×
|
||
ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÙ
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÚÁÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ, É ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÈ ÂÅÚ ËÌÀÞÅÊ
|
||
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ. úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/disks-encrypting.html">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á</link>,
|
||
ÐÏÓ×ÑÝÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ ÄÉÓËÏ× ×Ï &os;.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="CAD-reboot">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ ÐÏ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÀ <keycombo
|
||
action="simul"><keycap>Control</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>Alt</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>Delete</keycap></keycombo>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ
|
||
&man.syscons.4; ÐÅÒÅÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÊÔÅ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ
|
||
Ó ÔÁËÉÍ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏÇÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÉÞØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÏÊ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ &man.sysctl.8;,
|
||
ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅÓÂÏÒËÉ ÑÄÒÁ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl hw.syscons.kbd_reboot=0</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>ïÂÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÉÓËÌÀÞÁÀÝÉÍÉ. äÁÎÎÙÊ
|
||
&man.sysctl.8; ÎÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ, ÅÓÌÉ ÑÄÒÏ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ
|
||
Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ <literal>SC_DISABLE_REBOOT</literal>.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="dos-to-unix-txt">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ DOS × ÆÏÒÍÁÔ &unix;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ &man.perl.1;:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file(s)</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>ÇÄÅ <replaceable>file(s)</replaceable> - ÜÔÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÌÉ
|
||
ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÄÌÑ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ.
|
||
ðÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ, ÏÒÉÇÉÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ
|
||
ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÀÔÓÑ Ó ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅÍ <filename>.bak</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ìÉÂÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ &man.tr.1;:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>tr -d '\r' < dos-text-file > unix-file</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>ÇÄÅ <replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> - ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ,
|
||
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔ DOS, Á × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<replaceable>unix-file</replaceable> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÍÅݣΠÕÖÅ
|
||
ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔ. üÔÏÔ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ
|
||
ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <command>perl</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÏÔÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ DOS
|
||
ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <package>converters/dosunix</package> ÉÚ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ
|
||
ðÏÒÔÏ×. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ
|
||
Ó ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÅÊ ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="reread-rc">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÐÅÒÅÞÉÔÁÔØ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>
|
||
É ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÒÔÏ×ÁÔØ <filename>/etc/rc</filename> ÂÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ
|
||
× ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown now</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>return</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>exit</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="release-candidate">
|
||
<para>ñ ÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ ÏÂÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÍÏÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ
|
||
<emphasis>-STABLE</emphasis>, Á ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌ
|
||
<emphasis>-BETA<replaceable>x</replaceable></emphasis>,
|
||
<emphasis>-RC</emphasis> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis>! þÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ: ÜÔÏ ÖÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ.
|
||
<emphasis>RC</emphasis> ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ
|
||
<quote>Release Candidate</quote>. üÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓËÏÒÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÄÅÔ ×ÙÈÏÄ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ. ÷Ï &os; ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis>, ËÁË
|
||
ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÒÁ×ÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÅÎÉÀ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ËÏÄ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÄ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ. (äÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÒÅÌÉÚÏÍ ÍÅÔËÁ
|
||
<emphasis>-BETA</emphasis> ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÁÓØ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË É
|
||
<emphasis>-PRERELEASE</emphasis>.)</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ: ×Ï &os; ÒÅÌÉÚÙ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ
|
||
Ä×ÕÈ ÍÅÓÔ. ëÒÕÐÎÙÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÙ, ÔÏÞËÁ-ÎÏÌØ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË
|
||
9.0-RELEASE É 10.0-RELEASE, ÏÔ×ÅÔ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÏÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÔÏËÁ
|
||
ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÉ, ÂÏÌÅÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÇÏ ËÁË <link linkend="current">-CURRENT</link>. íÅÌËÉÅ ÒÅÌÉÚÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË
|
||
6.3-RELEASE ÉÌÉ 5.2-RELEASE, Ñ×ÌÑÌÉÓØ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÁÍÉ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ×ÅÔËÉ
|
||
<link linkend="stable">-STABLE</link>. îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó 4.3-RELEASE,
|
||
ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÒÅÌÉÚ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ Ó×ÏÀ ×ÅÔ×Ø, ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÅ,
|
||
ËÏÍÕ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ Ó×ÅÒÈËÏÎÓÅÒ×ÁÔÉ×ÎÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ (ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ,
|
||
×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÅÈ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÁÓÁÀÔÓÑ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÏ×
|
||
ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÄÅÌÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÅÌÉÚ, ÔÏ ×ÅÔ×Ø, ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÏÎ ×ÙÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ,
|
||
ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ËÅ. þÁÓÔØÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÚÁÍÏÒÁÖÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÏÄÁ. ëÏÇÄÁ ÉÎÉÃÉÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÍÏÒÁÖÉ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÏÄÁ, ÔÏ ÉÍÑ
|
||
×ÅÔËÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÔÒÁÚÉÔØ ÆÁËÔ ÂÌÉÚÏÓÔÉ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ.
|
||
îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ×ÅÔËÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÌÁÓØ 6.2-STABLE, ÔÏ Å£ ÉÍÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ ÎÁ 6.3-PRERELEASE, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÉÔØ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ
|
||
×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ËÏÄ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ É ÐÅÒÉÏÄ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ ×ÙÈÏÄÏÍ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ. ÷ ÜÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË
|
||
ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÙ × ËÏÄ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÂÙÔØ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍÉ ×
|
||
ÒÅÌÉÚ. ëÏÇÄÁ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÌÅÎ Ë ×ÙÐÕÓËÕ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ, ÉÍÑ ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ ÎÁ 6.3-RC ÄÌÑ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÒÅÌÉÚ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÎ,
|
||
ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÉÚ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ. ëÏÇÄÁ ËÏÄ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÜÔÁÐÅ
|
||
RC, × Î£Í ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÓÁÍÙÅ ËÒÉÔÉÞÎÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ. ëÁË
|
||
ÔÏÌØËÏ ÒÅÌÉÚ (× ÎÁÛÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ 6.3-RELEASE) É ×ÅÔËÁ ÒÅÌÉÚÁ ÂÕÄÕÔ
|
||
ÓÏÚÄÁÎÙ, ×ÅÔ×Ø ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÉÍÅÎÏ×ÁÎÁ × 6.3-STABLE.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÎÏÍÅÒÁÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ É
|
||
ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ×ÅÔËÁÈ Subversion ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÁÔØÅ Ï <link xlink:href="&url.articles.releng;/article.html">×ÙÐÕÓËÅ
|
||
ÒÅÌÉÚÏ×</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="kernel-chflag-failure">
|
||
<para>ñ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ
|
||
&man.chflags.1; ÎÅ ÓÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÁ. ëÁË ÜÔÏ ÏÂÏÊÔÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ: òÅÖÉÍ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÕÌÑ. äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ É
|
||
×ÏÊÄÉÔÅ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ: &os; ÚÁÐÒÅÝÁÅÔ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÅ
|
||
ÆÌÁÇÉ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑÈ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÀÝÉÈ 0.
|
||
þÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÔÅËÕÝÉÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>õÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÐÏÎÉÚÉÔØ ×
|
||
ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ÑÄÒÁ
|
||
ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅÓØ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ, ÉÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ
|
||
ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>,
|
||
Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
|
||
óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ &man.init.8; ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï
|
||
<literal>securelevel</literal> É ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> É ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÕÀ
|
||
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÐÏ &man.rc.conf.5; ÄÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ Ï
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>rc.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="kernel-securelevel-time">
|
||
<para>îÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÞÅÍ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÕ
|
||
ÓÅËÕÎÄÕ! ëÁË ÜÔÏ ÏÂÏÊÔÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ëÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ: óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ
|
||
ÓÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅÍ ×ÙÛÅ 1. äÌÑ ÓÍÅÎÙ ÄÁÔÙ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ
|
||
É ×ÏÊÄÉÔÅ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ: &os; ÚÁÐÒÅÝÁÅÔ ÍÅÎÑÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ
|
||
ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÞÅÍ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÕ ÓÅËÕÎÄÕ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ×ÙÛÅ 1.
|
||
þÔÏÂÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.securelevel</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>õÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÅÌØÚÑ ÐÏÎÉÚÉÔØ ×
|
||
ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ. äÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÔÙ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ,
|
||
ÌÉÂÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ
|
||
&man.init.8; ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï
|
||
<literal>securelevel</literal> É ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> É ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÕÀ
|
||
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ ÐÏ &man.rc.conf.5; ÄÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ Ï
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>rc.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="statd-mem-leak">
|
||
<para>÷ <command>rpc.statd</command>; ÅÓÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÐÁÍÑÔØÀ!
|
||
ïÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ 256 íÂÁÊÔ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ!</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÅÔ, ÔÁÍ ÎÅÔ ÏÛÉÂÏË É ÏÎ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ 256 íÂÁÊÔ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.
|
||
äÌÑ ÕÄÏÂÓÔ×Á <command>rpc.statd</command> ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ ÎÅÐÒÉÌÉÞÎÏ
|
||
ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ËÕÓÏË ÐÁÍÑÔÉ × Ó×Ï£ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï. úÄÅÓØ ÎÅÔ
|
||
ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÇÏ Ó ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÔÏÞËÉ ÚÒÅÎÉÑ, ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
|
||
ÓÂÉ×ÁÅÔ Ó ÔÏÌËÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ×ÒÏÄÅ &man.top.1; É &man.ps.1;</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>&man.rpc.statd.8; ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ Ó×ÏÊ ÓÔÁÔÕÓÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
(ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÊÓÑ ÎÁ <filename>/var</filename>)
|
||
× Ó×ÏÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï. äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÎÅ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÉÔØÓÑ Ï ÂÕÄÕÝÉÈ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÏÔÒÁÖÅÎÉÑÈ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÆÁÊÌ ×ÙÒÁÓÔÅÔ × ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁÈ, ÏÎ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
|
||
ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ ÅÇÏ Ó ÏÇÒÏÍÎÙÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÚÁÒÁÎÅÅ. üÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ
|
||
× ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÁÈ, ÇÄÅ ËÁË ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÄÌÉÎÁ
|
||
Ë ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ &man.mmap.2; ÉÍÅÅÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<literal>0x10000000</literal>, ÉÌÉ ÏÄÎÁ ÛÅÓÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÁÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÄÌÑ IA32, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ 256 íÂÁÊÔ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="unsetting-schg">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÓÎÑÔØ Ó ÆÁÊÌÁ ÆÌÁÇ <literal>schg</literal>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>óÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ÕÒÏ×ÎÅÍ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ ×ÙÛÅ ÎÕÌÑ. ðÏÎÉÚØÔÅ
|
||
ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÅÝÅ ÒÁÚ. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ
|
||
ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <link
|
||
linkend="securelevel">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <acronym>FAQ</acronym>
|
||
Ï ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ</link> É
|
||
ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ &man.init.8;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="vnlru">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ <literal>vnlru</literal>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para><literal>vnlru</literal> ÓÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÅÔ É ÏÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÁÅÔ
|
||
vnode, ËÏÇÄÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÕ
|
||
<varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname>. üÔÏÔ ÐÏÔÏË ÑÄÒÁ ×
|
||
ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ×ÈÏÌÏÓÔÕÀ É ÁËÔÉ×ÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉ
|
||
ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÏÇÒÏÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂßÅÍÁ ïúõ É ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÉ Ë ÄÅÓÑÔËÁÍ ÔÙÓÑÞ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="top-memory-states">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ
|
||
<command>top</command>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<!-- ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ John Dyson ÞÅÒÅÚ Usenet -->
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><literal>Active</literal>: ÐÏ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><literal>Inactive</literal>: ÐÏ ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉËÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ
|
||
ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><literal>Cache</literal>: (ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ)
|
||
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÙ ÉÚ ÞÉÓÌÁ ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ × ÓÔÁÔÕÓ, ×
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÏÎÉ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ, ÎÏ ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÓÒÁÚÕ ÖÅ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ (ËÁË Ó ÉÈ ÓÔÁÒÙÍ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÙÍ, ÔÁË É
|
||
ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ Ó ÎÏ×ÙÍ). üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ <literal>active</literal> × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ
|
||
<literal>cache</literal>, ÅÓÌÉ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÞÉÓÔÁ (ÎÅ
|
||
ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÌÁÓØ), ÎÏ ÔÁËÏÅ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÏÊ, ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÝÅÊ ÏÔ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ
|
||
ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍÁ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÏÍ VM-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><literal>Free</literal>: ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ, ÎÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ,
|
||
É ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÙ ÐÒÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑÈ,
|
||
ËÏÇÄÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ËÜÛÁ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÅ ÐÏÄÏÊÔÉ. ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ
|
||
ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑÈ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÌÉ
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁÈ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><literal>Wired</literal>: ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ, ÚÁÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ×
|
||
ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÑÄÒÏÍ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁÍÉ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÞÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË (ÔÉÐÁ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ
|
||
VM), ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ
|
||
× ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÓÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ. üÔÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ
|
||
ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ É ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÏ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ãð ÂÉÔÁ
|
||
'ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÓÔÉ', É × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÈ ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÌÕÞÛÅ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÂÌÏËÁ ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÉà VM, ×ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÉÈ
|
||
ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ. ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÊ ÌÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÕÀ ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ËÁË ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÓÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
|
||
ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ, Á ÍÏÇÕÔ É ÎÅ ÂÙÔØ ×
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË. ëÜÛÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÕÖÅ
|
||
ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ, ÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ÓÏ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ ÉÌÉ ÎÏ×ÏÊ
|
||
ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÏÊ. ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑ,
|
||
ÏÄÎÁËÏ ËÜÛÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÉÌÉ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ×
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏ. ëÜÛÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÍÉ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÐÒÅÒÙ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÔØ ÅÝ£ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÆÌÁÇÉ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÆÌÁÇ ÚÁÎÑÔÏÓÔÉ ÉÌÉ
|
||
ÓÞ£ÔÞÉË ÚÁÎÑÔÏÓÔÉ), ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÅ
|
||
ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="free-memory-amount">
|
||
<para>óËÏÌØËÏ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<!-- ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÌ John Dyson ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ Usenet -->
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>åÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÎÑÔÉÊ <quote>Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ</quote>. ÷
|
||
ÏÄÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÜÔÏ ÏÂß£Í ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ × ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
|
||
ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÂÅÚ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÞÎÏÊ ×ÙÇÒÕÚËÉ ÞÅÇÏ-ÌÉÂÏ. üÔÏÔ ÏÂß£Í ÒÁ×ÅÎ
|
||
ÐÒÉÍÅÒÎÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÕ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ ËÜÛÁ + ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÏÞÅÒÅÄÉ ÎÁ ×ÙÓ×ÏÂÏÖÄÅÎÉÅ (Ó
|
||
ÕÞ£ÔÏÍ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙÈ ÏÔËÌÏÎÅÎÉÊ, ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÝÉÈ ÏÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ). ÷
|
||
ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ <quote>Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ</quote> ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÏÂÝÉÊ
|
||
ÏÂß£Í ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á <acronym>VM</acronym>. ïÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÌÏÖÎÏ
|
||
×ÙÞÉÓÌÑÔØÓÑ, ÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÏÂߣÍÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ É ÐÁÍÑÔÉ.
|
||
äÒÕÇÉÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ <quote>Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ</quote> ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙ,
|
||
ÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÂÅÓÐÏÌÅÚÎÙ, ×ÅÄØ × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔØ
|
||
ÎÉÚËÉÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ É ÉÚÂÅÇÁÔØ ÉÓÞÅÒÐÁÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
|
||
ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="var-empty">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ <filename>/var/empty</filename>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para><filename>/var/empty</filename> ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ &man.sshd.8;
|
||
ÐÒÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÉ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÌÎÏÍÏÞÉÊ. ëÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/var/empty</filename> ÐÕÓÔ, ÅÇÏ ×ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÅÍ
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
|
||
É ÎÁ Î£Í ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÆÌÁÇ <literal>schg</literal>.
|
||
üÔÏÔ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÕÄÁÌÑÔØÓÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="newsyslog-expectations">
|
||
<para>ñ ÐÏÍÅÎÑÌ <filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf</filename>.
|
||
ëÁË ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÅÌÁÔØ &man.newsyslog.8;,
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>newsyslog -nrvv</userinput></screen>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="timezone">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÐÏÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÞÁÓÏ×ÏÊ ÐÏÑÓ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ &man.tzsetup.8;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="x">
|
||
<title>X Window System É ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="whatis-X">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ X Window System?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>X Window System (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ <literal>X11</literal>)
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÏÂÝÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ÏËÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ &unix; É &unix;-ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ, × ÔÏÍ
|
||
ÞÉÓÌÅ É ×Ï &os;. òÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÏÊ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÏ× ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ
|
||
<link
|
||
xlink:href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System_core_protocol">X-ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ</link>
|
||
ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÑ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.x.org/wiki/">The X.Org Foundation</link>,
|
||
Ó ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÜÔÁÌÏÎÎÏÊ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÅÊ version 11 release
|
||
&xorg.version;, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÓÏËÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ ÄÏ
|
||
<literal>X11</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒ É ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
|
||
ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÊ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ. òÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÀ ËÏÄÁ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÎÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ <literal>X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ</literal>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="running-X">
|
||
<para>ñ ÈÏÞÕ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ &xorg;, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &xorg; ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÏÄÎÏ ÉÚ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÍÅÔÁ-ÐÏÒÔ <filename
|
||
role="package">x11/xorg</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ
|
||
ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ×ÓÅÈ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× &xorg;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ <filename
|
||
role="package">x11/xorg-minimal</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
|
||
×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÅ É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÈ
|
||
ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔÏ× &xorg;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ &xorg; ÉÚ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× &os;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen><userinput>&prompt.root; pkg install xorg</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ &xorg; ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑÍ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/x-config.html">ëÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ
|
||
X11</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="running-X-securelevels">
|
||
<para>ñ <emphasis>ÐÏÐÙÔÁÌÓÑ</emphasis> ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ X, ÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌ
|
||
ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ <errorname>No devices detected.</errorname> ÐÏÓÌÅ
|
||
××ÏÄÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
|
||
<command>startx</command>. þÔÏ ÍÎÅ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÄÅÌÁÔØ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ, × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÙÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ
|
||
ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ (<literal>securelevel</literal>). ðÒÉ
|
||
ÐÏ×ÙÛÅÎÎÏÍ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ X ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ,
|
||
ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ X ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ×
|
||
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï &man.io.4;. äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.init.8;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ Ä×Á ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ: ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<literal>securelevel</literal> ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ × ÎÏÌØ ÉÌÉ
|
||
ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ &man.xdm.1; (ÉÌÉ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÏËÏÎÎÙÊ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒ)
|
||
×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ ËÁË ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÅÔÓÑ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<literal>securelevel</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <xref linkend="xdm-boot"/> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ
|
||
ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ &man.xdm.1; ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="x-and-moused">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÏÑ ÍÙÛØ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó X?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ
|
||
&man.syscons.4; ×Ï &os; ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ
|
||
ÍÙÛÉ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÜËÒÁÎÁÈ. ÷Ï ÉÚÂÅÖÁÎÉÅ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÏ×
|
||
Ó X, ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ &man.syscons.4; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÅ
|
||
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <filename>/dev/sysmouse</filename>. ÷ÓÅ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÑ
|
||
ÏÔ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á ÍÙÛÉ ÐÉÛÕÔÓÑ × ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
|
||
&man.sysmouse.4; ÞÅÒÅÚ &man.moused.8;. þÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÍÙÛØ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÊ É ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÎÓÏÌÑÈ, É ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ
|
||
ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ X, ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ <xref
|
||
linkend="moused" remap="ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ"/> É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ
|
||
&man.moused.8;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ × Î£Í ÂÙÌÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>Section "InputDevice"
|
||
Option "Protocol" "SysMouse"
|
||
Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
|
||
.....</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÁÞÉÎÁÑ Ó ×ÅÒÓÉÉ &xorg; 7.4 ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
|
||
<literal>InputDevice</literal> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>xorg.conf</filename> ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ, É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÎÅÇÏ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÍÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×.
|
||
þÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÐÒÅÖÎÅÅ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
|
||
<literal>ServerLayout</literal> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<literal>ServerFlags</literal> ÔÁËÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>Option "AutoAddDevices" "false"</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÀÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × X ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
|
||
<filename>/dev/mouse</filename>. þÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÏ, ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <filename>/dev/mouse</filename> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ Ñ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ
|
||
ÓÓÙÌËÏÊ ÎÁ <filename>/dev/sysmouse</filename> (ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
|
||
ÓÐÒÁ×ËÕ ÐÏ &man.sysmouse.4;). üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÄÏÂÁ×É×
|
||
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × <filename>/etc/devfs.conf</filename>
|
||
(ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÕ ÐÏ &man.devfs.conf.5;):</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>link sysmouse mouse</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÓÙÌËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÁ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓËÁ &man.devfs.5;
|
||
Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ (ÉÚ ÐÏÄ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
|
||
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>):</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>service devfs restart</userinput></screen>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="x-and-wheel">
|
||
<para>õ ÍÏÅÊ ÍÙÛÉ ÅÓÔØ ËÏÌ£ÓÉËÏ. íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ × X?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ, ÅÓÌÉ X ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ 5-ËÎÏÐÏÞÎÏÊ
|
||
ÍÙÛÉ. äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ <literal>Buttons
|
||
5</literal> É <literal>ZAxisMapping 4 5</literal> ×
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌ <quote>InputDevice</quote> ÆÁÊÌÁ
|
||
<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename> ËÁË ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ
|
||
× ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>Section "InputDevice"
|
||
Identifier "Mouse1"
|
||
Driver "mouse"
|
||
Option "Protocol" "auto"
|
||
Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
|
||
Option "Buttons" "5"
|
||
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
|
||
EndSection</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÍÙÛÉ ×
|
||
<application>Emacs</application> ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ×
|
||
<filename>~/.emacs</filename> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>;; wheel mouse
|
||
(global-set-key [mouse-4] 'scroll-down)
|
||
(global-set-key [mouse-5] 'scroll-up)</programlisting>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="x-and-synaptic">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÔÁÞÐÁÄ Synaptics × X?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÅÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÅÝÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ synaptics ÉÚ Xorg, ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÕÄÁÌÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ moused_enable ÉÚ
|
||
<filename>rc.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ synaptics ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ×
|
||
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>hw.psm.synaptics_support="1"</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/X11/xorg.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>Section "InputDevice"
|
||
Identifier "Touchpad0"
|
||
Driver "synaptics"
|
||
Option "Protocol" "psm"
|
||
Option "Device" "/dev/psm0"
|
||
EndSection</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>é ÎÅ ÚÁÂÙÔØ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
|
||
<quote>ServerLayout</quote>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>InputDevice "Touchpad0" "SendCoreEvents"</programlisting>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="no-remote-x11">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÅ X-ÄÉÓÐÌÅÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>éÚ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÊ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ
|
||
ÏÔËÒÙ×ÁÔØ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ÏËÎÁ ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ
|
||
<application>X</application> Ó ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ
|
||
<option>-listen_tcp</option>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>startx -listen_tcp</userinput></screen>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="virtual-console">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ É ËÁË ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÉÈ
|
||
ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
|
||
ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÓÅÁÎÓÏ× ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ ÂÅÚ
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ ËÁËÏÊ ÂÙ ÔÏ ÎÉ ÂÙÌÏ ÓÅÔÉ ÉÌÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ X.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÜÔÁÐÁ
|
||
ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ ×
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ. ÷×ÅÄÉÔÅ Ó×Ï£ ÉÍÑ É ÐÁÒÏÌØ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ
|
||
ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÉÎ ÓÅÁÎÓ, ÓËÁÖÅÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
|
||
ÚÁÇÌÑÎÕÔØ × ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ
|
||
ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏ FTP, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <keycap>F2</keycap>, ÕÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÑ
|
||
<keycap>Alt</keycap>. üÔÏ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÚÉÔ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ
|
||
×ÔÏÒÏÊ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ. þÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ Ë
|
||
ÐÅÒ×ÏÎÁÞÁÌØÎÏÍÕ ÓÅÁÎÓÕ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ <keycombo
|
||
action="simul"><keycap>Alt</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×Ï &os; ÚÁÄÅÊÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÙ ×ÏÓÅÍØ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ
|
||
ËÏÎÓÏÌÅÊ, Á ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ <keycombo action="simul">
|
||
<keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>F1</keycap></keycombo>,
|
||
<keycombo action="simul"><keycap>Alt</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo>, <keycombo
|
||
action="simul"><keycap>Alt</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>F3</keycap></keycombo> É ÄÁÌÅÅ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÉÍÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÎÓÏÌÅÊ,
|
||
ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> (ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
|
||
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.ttys.5;), ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÔÕÄÁ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ× Ó ÉÍÅÎÁÍÉ ÏÔ <filename>ttyv8</filename> ÄÏ
|
||
<filename>ttyvc</filename> ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑ ÐÒÏ
|
||
<quote>Virtual terminals</quote>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting># Edit the existing entry for ttyv8 in /etc/ttys and change
|
||
# "off" to "on".
|
||
ttyv8 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" xterm on secure
|
||
ttyv9 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" xterm on secure
|
||
ttyva "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" xterm on secure
|
||
ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" xterm on secure</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ×, ÔÅÍ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÒÅÓÕÒÓÏ×
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ
|
||
Ó 8 íÂÁÊÔ ïúõ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅ. ðÏÄÕÍÁÊÔÅ Ï ÓÍÅÎÅ ÓÔÁÔÕÓÁ
|
||
ËÏÎÓÏÌÅÊ Ó <literal>secure</literal> ÎÁ
|
||
<literal>insecure</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>÷Ï &os; ÄÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ 9.0 ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÓÑ ÔÉÐ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ
|
||
<quote>cons25</quote> ×ÍÅÓÔÏ <quote>xterm</quote>.
|
||
ðÒÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ × <filename>/etc/ttys</filename> ÎÏ×ÙÈ
|
||
ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
|
||
<important>
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ X, ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÄ
|
||
ÎÅÇÏ ÈÏÔÑ ÂÙ ÏÄÉÎ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ ÓÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅÍ
|
||
<literal>off</literal>. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÄ
|
||
×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏÔ×ÅÓÔÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÏÄÉÎÎÁÄÃÁÔØ
|
||
ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ, É ÅÝ£ ÏÄÎÁ ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ÚÁ
|
||
X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ.</para>
|
||
</important>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ X É 11 ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÎÓÏÌÅÊ,
|
||
ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ Ä×ÅÎÁÄÃÁÔÙÊ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" xterm off secure</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÁÍÙÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÁËÔÉ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÅ
|
||
ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="vty-from-x">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÍ ËÏÎÓÏÌÑÍ ÉÚ X?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÀ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ
|
||
<keycombo action="simul">
|
||
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>Alt</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap>
|
||
</keycombo>
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ × ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÕÀ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ. îÁÖÍÉÔÅ
|
||
<keycombo action="simul">
|
||
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>Alt</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>F1</keycap>
|
||
</keycombo>,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÕÀ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÕÀ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ×Ù ÏËÁÚÁÌÉÓØ × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ,
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ
|
||
<keycombo action="simul">
|
||
<keycap>Alt</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>F<replaceable>n</replaceable></keycap>
|
||
</keycombo> ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÎÉÍÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ × ÓÅÁÎÓ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ X, ÐÅÒÅËÌÀÞÉÔÅÓØ
|
||
× ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÕÀ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ X Window.
|
||
åÓÌÉ X ÂÙÌ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ ÉÚ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>startx</command>, ÔÏ ÓÅÁÎÓ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ X ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎ Ë ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ, Á
|
||
ÎÅ Ë ÔÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÊ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ, Ó ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÏÎ ÂÙÌ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ.
|
||
÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×ÏÓØÍÉ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÏ× X ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ ÄÅ×ÑÔÏÍ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÀ
|
||
<keycombo action="simul"><keycap>Alt</keycap>
|
||
<keycap>F9</keycap></keycombo>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="xdm-boot">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ <application>XDM</application> ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ
|
||
ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>åÓÔØ Ä×Å ÆÉÌÏÓÏÆÓËÉÅ ÛËÏÌÙ, ÐÒÏÐÏ×ÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ
|
||
ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ &man.xdm.1;. ðÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀÔ
|
||
<command>xdm</command> ÉÚ <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>
|
||
(ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ &man.ttys.5;), ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÔÏÇÄÁ
|
||
ËÁË ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÚÁÐÕÓË <command>xdm</command> × ÓËÒÉÐÔ
|
||
<filename>rc.local</filename> (ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÕ ÐÏ &man.rc.8;)
|
||
ÉÌÉ <filename>X</filename>, ÐÏÍÅÝÁÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
|
||
<filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d</filename>.
|
||
ïÂÁ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ
|
||
ÒÁ×ÎÏÐÒÁ×ÎÙ, É ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑÈ, Ó
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||
ËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÎÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ É ÎÁÏÂÏÒÏÔ. ÷ ÏÂÏÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ
|
||
ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ: X ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÌÀÓÏÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ &man.ttys.5; Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÁ ËÁËÏÍ vty ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ X É ÔÏ,
|
||
ÞÔÏ ÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÓÔØ ÚÁ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓË X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÐÒÉ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÉ
|
||
ÓÅÁÎÓÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÌÅÖÉÔ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ &man.init.8;. íÅÔÏÄ Ó
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ &man.rc.8; ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÒÅËÒÁÔÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ
|
||
xdm ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>kill</command> <command>xdm</command>,
|
||
ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ X ×ÏÚÎÉËÌÉ ËÁËÉÅ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>éÚ &man.rc.8; <command>xdm</command> ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ
|
||
ÂÅÚ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏ×. <command>xdm</command>
|
||
ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ <emphasis>ÐÏÓÌÅ</emphasis> ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ
|
||
&man.getty.8;, ÉÎÁÞÅ ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÏ×ÁÔØ, ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÑ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ.
|
||
ìÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×ÙÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÐÁÕÚÕ ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÎÁ 10 É ÐÏÔÏÍ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ
|
||
<command>xdm</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ <command>xdm</command> ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ
|
||
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏÓÔØ
|
||
ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ <command>xdm</command> É &man.getty.8;.
|
||
ïÄÎÉÍ ÉÚ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÜÔÏÇÏ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ÎÏÍÅÒÁ <literal>vt</literal> × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>:0 local /usr/local/bin/X vt4</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ×ÙÛÅÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£ÎÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÁ
|
||
<filename>/dev/ttyv3</filename>. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ
|
||
ÏÔÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÅÄÉÎÉÃÕ. äÅÌÏ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ X-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔ vty
|
||
ÏÔ ÅÄÉÎÉÃÙ, ËÏÇÄÁ ËÁË ÏÔÓÞ£Ô vty × ÑÄÒÅ &os; ×ÅÄ£ÔÓÑ Ó ÎÕÌÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="xconsole-failure">
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ <command>xconsole</command> ×ÙÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<errorname>Couldn't open console</errorname>.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ <application>X</application> ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ Ó
|
||
ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <application>startx</application>, ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ
|
||
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <filename>/dev/console</filename>
|
||
<emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis> ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÔÁËÉÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ËÁË <application>xterm -C</application> É
|
||
<application>xconsole</application> ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ÐÒÁ× ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ ÄÌÑ ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
|
||
÷ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ×Ï×ÓÅ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÌÀÂÏÊ
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||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÇ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÎÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÕÀ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ. äÌÑ
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||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ, ×ÏÛÅÄÛÉÈ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÞÅÒÅÚ VTY, ÄÌÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ
|
||
ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ &man.fbtab.5;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ, ÒÁÓËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc/fbtab</filename> (ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÕ ÐÏ
|
||
&man.fbtab.5;):</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>/dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏÇÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÓÑËÉÊ, ËÔÏ ×ÏÛ£Ì
|
||
× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ Ó ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ <filename>/dev/ttyv0</filename>, ÉÍÅÌ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë
|
||
ËÏÎÓÏÌÉ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ps2-x">
|
||
<para>íÏÑ ÍÙÛØ PS/2 × X ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>íÙÛØ É ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÍÏÇÌÉ ÒÁÓÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ. ÷ ÒÅÄËÉÈ
|
||
ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÔØ Ï ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÈ
|
||
ÓÉÎÈÒÏÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy)</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÉÌÏÓØ, ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÕ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÆÌÁÇÁ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÁ ÍÙÛÉ PS/2 ×
|
||
<literal>0x100</literal>. ðÒÏÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ
|
||
ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ <literal>hint.psm.0.flags="0x100"</literal> ×
|
||
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename> Ó ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÏÊ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="mouse-button-reverse">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÐÏÍÅÎÑÔØ ÍÅÓÔÁÍÉ ËÎÏÐËÉ ÍÙÛÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ
|
||
<command>xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"</command>.
|
||
äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÜÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ×
|
||
<filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<filename>~/.xsession</filename> ÄÌÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ
|
||
ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="install-splash">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÜËÒÁÎÎÕÀ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÕ É ÇÄÅ ÔÁËÉÅ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ
|
||
ÎÁÊÔÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/boot-blocks.html#boot-splash">úÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÅ
|
||
ÜËÒÁÎÎÙÅ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ËÉ</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="windows-keys">
|
||
<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ × X ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ
|
||
<keycap>Windows</keycap>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ &man.xmodmap.1; ÄÌÑ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ
|
||
Ë ÜÔÉÍ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ÓÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÙ Windows ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙ, ÔÏ
|
||
ÜÔÉ ÔÒÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÌÁ×ÉÁÔÕÒÎÙÅ ËÏÄÙ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><keycode>115</keycode> — ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁ
|
||
<keycap>Windows</keycap> ÍÅÖÄÕ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁÍÉ <keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
|
||
É <keycap>Alt</keycap> Ó ÌÅ×ÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><keycode>116</keycode> — ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁ
|
||
<keycap>Windows</keycap> ÓÐÒÁ×Á ÏÔ
|
||
<keycap>AltGr</keycap></para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para><keycode>117</keycode> — ËÌÁ×ÉÛÁ
|
||
<keycap>Menu</keycap>, ÓÌÅ×Á ÏÔ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ
|
||
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÅÊÓÑ ÓÐÒÁ×Á</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÌÅ×ÕÀ ËÌÁ×ÉÛÕ <keycap>Windows</keycap>
|
||
ÎÁÂÉÒÁÔØ ÚÁÐÑÔÕÀ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>xmodmap -e "keycode 115 = comma"</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ
|
||
<keycap>Windows</keycap> ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÌÏÓØ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ËÁÖÄÙÊ
|
||
ÒÁÚ ÐÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ X, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
|
||
<command>xmodmap</command> ×
|
||
<filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> ÌÉÂÏ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÉÔÅÌØÎÅÊ, ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>~/.xmodmaprc</filename> É ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ × ÎÅÇÏ
|
||
ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ <command>xmodmap</command> ÐÏ ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÏËÕ,
|
||
ÚÁÔÅÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × <filename>~/.xinitrc</filename> ÔÁËÕÀ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>xmodmap $HOME/.xmodmaprc</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÜÔÉ 3 ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ ÔÁË,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÉ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÌÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ËÌÁ×ÉÛ <keycap>F13</keycap>,
|
||
<keycap>F14</keycap> É <keycap>F15</keycap>. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ
|
||
ÌÅÇËÏ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÔØ ÉÈ Ë ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑÍ × ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ ÉÌÉ
|
||
ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÅ ÏËÏÎ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>~/.xmodmaprc</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>keycode 115 = F13
|
||
keycode 116 = F14
|
||
keycode 117 = F15</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÏËÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÎÅÄÖÅÒÁ
|
||
<package>x11-wm/fvwm2</package> ËÌÁ×ÉÛÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ <keycap>F13</keycap> Ó×ÏÒÁÞÉ×ÁÌ
|
||
× ÉËÏÎËÕ (É ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÌ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ) ÔÏ ÏËÎÏ, ÎÁ
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||
ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÕÒÓÏÒ, <keycap>F14</keycap> ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÌ
|
||
ÏËÎÏ Ó ËÕÒÓÏÒÏÍ ÎÁ ÐÅÒÅÄÎÉÊ ÐÌÁÎ ÉÌÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎÏ ÕÖÅ
|
||
×ÐÅÒÅÄÉ, ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÌ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ, Á <keycap>F15</keycap> ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÌ
|
||
ÇÌÁ×ÎÏÅ ÍÅÎÀ Workplace, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ËÕÒÓÏÒ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÅ ÎÁ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÞÅÍ ÓÔÏÌÅ, ÞÔÏ ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ×ÉÄÎÏ ÎÉ
|
||
ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÕÓÏÞËÁ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÇÏ ÓÔÏÌÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × <filename>~/.fvwmrc</filename>
|
||
ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÄÏÓÔÉÞØ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÈ ×ÙÛÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>Key F13 FTIWS A Iconify
|
||
Key F14 FTIWS A RaiseLower
|
||
Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="x-3d-acceleration">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÁÐÐÁÒÁÔÎÏÅ ÕÓËÏÒÅÎÉÅ 3D-ÇÒÁÆÉËÉ ÄÌÑ
|
||
&opengl;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÁÌÉÞÉÅ 3D-ÕÓËÏÒÅÎÉÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ &xorg;
|
||
É ÔÉÐÁ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ. äÌÑ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ nVidia
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ Ä×ÏÉÞÎÙÊ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ ÄÌÑ &os;, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É× ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ
|
||
ÎÉÖÅÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×:</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× nVidia ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ
|
||
ÐÏÒÔÏÍ <package>x11/nvidia-driver</package>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÙ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ËÁË
|
||
<package>x11/nvidia-driver-<replaceable>###</replaceable></package>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>nVidia ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁËÉÅ
|
||
ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÅÍ ÉÌÉ ÉÎÙÍ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒÏÍ,
|
||
ÎÁ Ó×Ï£Í ÓÁÊÔÅ: <uri
|
||
xlink:href="http://www.nvidia.com/object/IO_32667.html">http://www.nvidia.com/object/IO_32667.html</uri>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× Matrox G200/G400 ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ
|
||
ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔ <package>x11-servers/mga_hal</package>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ATI Rage 128 É Radeon ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ
|
||
óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.ati.4x;, &man.r128.4x; É &man.radeon.4x;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="networking">
|
||
<title>òÁÂÏÔÁ × ÓÅÔÉ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="diskless-booting">
|
||
<para>çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï <quote>ÂÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ
|
||
ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ</quote>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para><quote>âÅÚÄÉÓËÏ×ÁÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÁ</quote> ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ
|
||
Ó &os; ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÓÅÔÉ É ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ Ó
|
||
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, Á ÎÅ ÓÏ Ó×ÏÅÇÏ ÄÉÓËÁ. ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÅÓÔØ ×
|
||
<link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-diskless.html">
|
||
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÇÌÁ×Å</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="router">
|
||
<para>íÏÖÅÔ ÌÉ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ Ó &os; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ËÁË
|
||
ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á,
|
||
ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÏÍÕ <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/advanced-networking.html">ÓÌÏÖÎÙÍ
|
||
×ÏÐÒÏÓÁÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × ÓÅÔÉ</link>, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ × ÔÏÊ ÞÁÓÔÉ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-routing.html">ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÉ
|
||
É ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÏ×</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="win95-connection">
|
||
<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ Ó &windows; Ë Internet Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
|
||
&os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÔÅ, ËÔÏ ÚÁÄÁÀÔ ÔÁËÉÅ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ, ÉÍÅÀÔ ÄÏÍÁ
|
||
Ä×Á ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÁ, ÏÄÉÎ Ó &os;, Á ÄÒÕÇÏÊ Ó ËÁËÏÊ-ÔÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÅÊ
|
||
&windows;. éÄÅÑ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ × ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ &os; ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë Internet, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ×ÙÈÏÄ × Internet
|
||
ÉÚ &windows; ÞÅÒÅÚ &os;. îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÞÁÓÔÎÙÊ
|
||
ÓÌÕÞÁÊ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÇÏ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÏÔÒÁÂÏÔÁÎ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë Internet Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
|
||
ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
|
||
<option>-nat</option> É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ
|
||
<literal>gateway_enable</literal> × ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<emphasis>YES</emphasis>. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ
|
||
ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.ppp.8; ÉÌÉ <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/userppp.html">
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ï PPP ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ</link>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë Internet ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ
|
||
Ethernet, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ &man.natd.8;. ÷×ÏÄÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-natd.html">natd</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="slip-ppp-support">
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ &os; ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ PPP?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ. &man.ppp.8; ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ ËÁË ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ, ÔÁË É
|
||
ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×
|
||
<link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/ppp-and-slip.html">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ
|
||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ï ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÅ PPP</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="natd">
|
||
<para>ðÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉ &os; ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÀ NAT ÉÌÉ Masquerading?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÊ ÐÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ NAT ÞÅÒÅÚ
|
||
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ PPP ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/userppp.html">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ
|
||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á Ï PPP</link>. þÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ NAT ×ÍÅÓÔÅ
|
||
Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÔÉÐÏÍ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ, ×ÚÇÌÑÎÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
|
||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-natd.html">natd</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ethernet-aliases">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÁÌÉÁÓ × ÓÅÔÉ Ethernet?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÁÌÉÁÓ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÞÔÏ É ÕÖÅ
|
||
ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÅ ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÄÏÐÉÛÉÔÅ Ë ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ
|
||
<literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ed0</replaceable> alias <replaceable>192.0.2.2</replaceable> netmask 0xffffffff</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ É ÍÁÓËÕ
|
||
ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ed0</replaceable> alias <replaceable>172.16.141.5</replaceable> netmask 0xffffff00</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/configtuning-virtual-hosts.html">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å</link>
|
||
&os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="nfs-linux">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÓË &linux; ÐÏ NFS?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ NFS ÄÌÑ &linux; ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ ÎÁ
|
||
ÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ; ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ
|
||
×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt</userinput></screen>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="exports-errors">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ <command>mountd</command> ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ
|
||
<errorname>can't change attributes</errorname> É <errorname>bad
|
||
exports list</errorname> ÎÁ ÍÏ£Í ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ NFS, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÍ ÐÏÄ
|
||
ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ× ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏÍ
|
||
ÐÏÎÉÍÁÎÉÉ ËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏÇÏ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ ÆÁÊÌÁ
|
||
<filename>/etc/exports</filename>. ðÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÅÝ£ ÒÁÚ
|
||
ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÐÏ &man.exports.5; É ÒÁÚÄÅÌ Ï <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-nfs.html">NFS</link> × òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å,
|
||
ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ × ÞÁÓÔÉ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/network-nfs.html#configuring-nfs">ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
|
||
NFS</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ip-multicast">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ multicast IP?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>õÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÁËÅÔ <package>net/mrouted</package> É
|
||
ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ <literal>mrouted_enable="YES"</literal> ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ
|
||
ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="fqdn-hosts">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ FQDN ÄÌÑ ÈÏÓÔÏ× ÎÅ × ÍÏÅÊ
|
||
ÓÅÔÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>úÁ ÏÔ×ÅÔÏÍ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mail-trouble.html">òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Õ</link>
|
||
&os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="network-permission-denied">
|
||
<para><errorname>Permission denied</errorname> ÄÌÑ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ,
|
||
Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ÒÁÂÏÔÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÑÄÒÏ ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ
|
||
<literal>IPFIREWALL</literal>, ÉÍÅÊÔÅ × ×ÉÄÕ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÏÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÒÅÔ ÐÒÏÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ
|
||
×ÓÅÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ Ñ×ÎÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÍÅÖÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÜËÒÁÎ ÂÙÌ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏ ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ
|
||
ÎÅ×ÅÒÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÔÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÏÓÔÉ
|
||
ÓÅÔÉ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÉÚ-ÐÏÄ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
|
||
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>òÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
<literal>firewall_type='open'</literal> ×
|
||
ÆÁÊÌÅ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÍÅÖÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÜËÒÁÎÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/firewalls-ipfw.html">ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ
|
||
ÇÌÁ×Å</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ipfw-fwd">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÍÏ£ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ <quote>fwd</quote> ÄÌÑ
|
||
<command>ipfw</command> ÐÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÀ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ
|
||
ÍÁÛÉÎÕ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÏÇÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÎÕÖÎÁ ÔÒÁÎÓÌÑÃÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (NAT). ðÒÁ×ÉÌÏ
|
||
<quote>fwd</quote> ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
|
||
×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÎÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÑÅÔ. òÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ÔÁËÏÅ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>01000 fwd <replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable> from any to <replaceable>foo 21</replaceable></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÐÁËÅÔ Ó ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
<replaceable>foo</replaceable> ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÅÔ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ Ó ÜÔÉÍ
|
||
ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏÍ, ÐÁËÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ
|
||
<replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>, ÎÏ × Î£Í ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ
|
||
ÁÄÒÅÓ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ <replaceable>foo</replaceable>. áÄÒÅÓ
|
||
ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ
|
||
<replaceable>10.0.0.1</replaceable>. âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÍÁÛÉÎ,
|
||
ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÏÔÂÒÏÓÑÔ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÁËÅÔ, ÉÍÅÀÝÉÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ
|
||
ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ÉÍ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ. ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ
|
||
<quote>fwd</quote> ÎÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÁË, ËÁË ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ. ôÁËÏÅ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ, Á ÎÅ
|
||
ÏÛÉÂËÏÊ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë <link
|
||
linkend="service-redirect"><acronym>FAQ</acronym> Ï
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×</link>, ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Õ ÐÏ &man.natd.8; ÉÌÉ
|
||
ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÕÔÉÌÉÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ <link xlink:href="&url.base;/ports/index.html">ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ðÏÒÔÏ×</link> ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="service-redirect">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ Ó ÏÄÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÕÀ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>úÁÐÒÏÓÙ FTP É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ Ó
|
||
ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÏÒÔÁ <package>sysutils/socket</package>.
|
||
úÁÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÁ ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/inetd.conf</filename> ÎÁ ×ÙÚÏ×
|
||
<command>socket</command>, ËÁË ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÏ × ÜÔÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÄÌÑ
|
||
<application>ftpd</application>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> <replaceable>ftp</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ÇÄÅ <replaceable>ftp.example.com</replaceable> É
|
||
<replaceable>ftp</replaceable> Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
|
||
ÈÏÓÔÏÍ É ÐÏÒÔÏÍ ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÎÁÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="bandwidth-mgr-tool">
|
||
<para>çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Á ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÔÒÁÆÉËÏÍ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ &os; ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÔÒÉ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Á ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÒÁÆÉËÏÍ.
|
||
&man.dummynet.4; ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ &os; ËÁË ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÎÁÑ
|
||
ÞÁÓÔØ &man.ipfw.4;. <link xlink:href="http://www.sonycsl.co.jp/person/kjc/programs.html">
|
||
ALTQ</link> ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ×Ï &os; ËÁË ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÎÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ &man.pf.4;.
|
||
Bandwidth Manager ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÉ <link xlink:href="http://www.etinc.com/">Emerging Technologies</link>
|
||
Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅÒÞÅÓËÉÍ ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÏÍ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="bpf-not-configured">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ
|
||
<errorname>/dev/bpf0: device not configured</errorname>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ Berkeley Packet
|
||
Filter (&man.bpf.4;), ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÕÄÁÌÅÎÏ ÉÚ
|
||
×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÑÄÒÁ. ðÏÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÎÏ×ÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ Ó ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ × ÅÇÏ
|
||
ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>device bpf # Berkeley Packet Filter</programlisting>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="mount-smb-share">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÉÓË &windows;-ÍÁÛÉÎÙ × ÍÏÅÊ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ,
|
||
ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ smbmount × &linux;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÁËÅÔ <application>SMBFS</application>. ÷ ÎÅÇÏ
|
||
×ËÌÀޣΠÎÁÂÏÒ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÊ × ÑÄÒÅ É ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.
|
||
ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ É ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ËÁË &man.mount.smbfs.8; É
|
||
×ÈÏÄÑÔ × ÓÏÓÔÁ× ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="icmp-response-bw-limit">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÁÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ <errorname>Limiting icmp/open
|
||
port/closed port response</errorname> × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁÎÎÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ÑÄÒÁ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÅÓÔÏ
|
||
ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ, ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÝÁÑ Ë ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÅ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ
|
||
ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÏÔ×ÅÔÎÙÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ICMP ÉÌÉ ÓÂÒÏÓÏ× TCP (RST).
|
||
ïÔ×ÅÔÙ ICMP ÞÁÓÔÏ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÐÏÐÙÔÏË
|
||
ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÎÅÚÁÎÑÔÙÍ ÐÏÒÔÁÍ UDP. óÂÒÏÓÙ TCP
|
||
ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÐÏÐÙÔÏË ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ Ë ÚÁËÒÙÔÙÍ
|
||
ÐÏÒÔÁÍ TCP. ðÏÍÉÍÏ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÞÅÇÏ, ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ
|
||
ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÙ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑÍÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ìÏÂÏ×ÁÑ ÁÔÁËÁ ÔÉÐÁ ÏÔËÁÚ × ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÉ DoS (× ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ
|
||
ÁÔÁË × ÏÄÉÎ ÐÁËÅÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÕÀ ÂÒÅÛØ ×
|
||
ÚÁÝÉÔÅ).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÏ× × ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ Ë
|
||
ÂÏÌØÛÏÍÕ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Õ ÐÏÒÔÏ× (× ÏÔÌÉÞÉÅ ÏÔ ÐÒÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ
|
||
ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÅÒ×ÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ × ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÉ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÁËÅÔÏ×,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÑÄÒÏ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÌÏ ÂÙ ÐÒÉ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ, Á
|
||
×ÔÏÒÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÌÉÍÉÔ. üÔÏÔ ÌÉÍÉÔ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ
|
||
ÐÏÍÏÝÉ <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname>. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ
|
||
ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÌÉÍÉÔ ÎÁ <literal>300</literal>
|
||
ÐÁËÅÔÏ× × ÓÅËÕÎÄÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.inet.icmp.icmplim=300</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
|
||
<varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output</varname>, ÞÔÏÂÙ
|
||
ÐÏÄÁ×ÉÔØ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output=0</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>é ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ×ÙËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÜÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ,
|
||
ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ <varname>net.inet.icmp.icmplim</varname> ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ
|
||
<literal>0</literal>. ÷ÙËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÌÉÍÉÔÁ ÎÅ
|
||
ÐÒÉ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ, ÉÚÌÏÖÅÎÎÙÍ ×ÙÛÅ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="unknown-hw-addr-format">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÚÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ <errorname>arp: unknown hardware
|
||
address format</errorname>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ËÁËÏÅ-ÔÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï × ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ
|
||
Ethernet ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ MAC-ÁÄÒÅÓ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ, ÎÅÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÍ &os;.
|
||
÷ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ, ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ËÔÏ-ÔÏ × ÓÅÔÉ
|
||
ÜËÓÐÅÒÉÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ Ó ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏÍ. þÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÜÔÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÅÔÑÈ Ó ËÁÂÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ÍÏÄÅÍÁÍÉ. üÔÏ ÂÅÚÏÂÉÄÎÏ É
|
||
ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ×ÌÉÑÔØ ÎÁ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ &os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="arp-wrong-iface">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ×ÉÖÕ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÉÄÁ
|
||
<errorname>192.168.0.10 is on fxp1 but got reply from
|
||
00:15:17:67:cf:82 on rl0</errorname> É ËÁË ÍÎÅ ÉÈ
|
||
ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÔÁË, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÐÁËÅÔ ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÔ ÉÚ×ÎÅ ÓÅÔÉ, ÞÅÇÏ
|
||
ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ. þÔÏÂÙ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÜÔÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ, ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ
|
||
<varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</varname>
|
||
× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>0</literal>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="security">
|
||
<title>âÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔØ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="sandbox">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÔÅÒÍÉÎ sandbox (ÐÅÓÏÞÎÉÃÁ)?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para><quote>Sandbox</quote> - ÜÔÏ ÔÅÒÍÉÎ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÒÉ
|
||
ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÉ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. ïÎ ÉÍÅÅÔ Ä×Á ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÐÏÍÅÝ£ÎÎÙÊ ×ÎÕÔÒØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×ÉÒÔÕÁÌØÎÙÈ
|
||
ÓÔÅÎ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ×ÚÌÏÍÁ
|
||
×ÓÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ×ÚÌÏÍÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ × ÇÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ ÜÔÉÈ ÓÔÅÎ.
|
||
ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ, ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÎÉ ÄÅÌÁÌ, ÏÎ ÜÔÉ ÓÔÅÎÙ
|
||
ÒÁÚÒÕÛÉÔØ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ, ÏÓÏÂÙÊ ÁÕÄÉÔ ÅÇÏ ËÏÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÅÎ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ Ó Õ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÓÔØÀ ÓËÁÚÁÔØ, ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ÅÇÏ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÔÅÎÏÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÌÕÖÉÔØ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. ÷ÏÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ, ÄÁ×ÁÅÍÏÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ
|
||
óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.security.7; É &man.named.8;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>òÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÓÌÕÖÂÕ <literal>ntalk</literal>
|
||
(ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ &man.inetd.8;). òÁÎØÛÅ ÜÔÁ
|
||
ÓÌÕÖÂÁ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÌÁÓØ Ó ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏÍ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
|
||
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, Á ÓÅÊÞÁÓ — <systemitem class="username">tty</systemitem>.
|
||
ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <systemitem class="username">tty</systemitem> — ÜÔÏ ÔÁ ÐÅÓÏÞÎÉÃÁ,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÏÓÌÏÖÎÑÅÔ ×ÚÌÏÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÞÅÒÅÚ <literal>ntalk</literal>
|
||
ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÁ
|
||
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÐÏÍÅÝ£ÎÎÙÊ ×ÎÕÔÒØ ÓÉÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ. üÔÏ
|
||
ÄÁ£Ô ÂÏÌØÛÉÊ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÎÅËÔÏ, ×ÚÌÏÍÁ×ÛÉÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÕÍÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÌÏÍÁÔØ É
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ × ÃÅÌÏÍ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÆÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÌÏÍÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ
|
||
ÓÉÍÕÌÑÔÏÒ ÜÔÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ É ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÉËÁËÉÈ
|
||
ÒÅÁÌØÎÙÈ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.</para>
|
||
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<para>óÁÍÙÍ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁΣÎÎÙÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔØ ÔÁËÏÇÏ
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chroot (Ô.Å. ÚÁÄÁ× ÜÔÏÔ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
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||
<filename>/</filename> ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ,
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ÎÉÚÌÅÖÁÝÅÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ "ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ" É
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ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÕ ×ÉÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÐÏ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÎÁ ÔÕ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.
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||
ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÌÁÇÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ × ÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ, ÎÏ
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ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ Õ×ÉÄÉÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ
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— ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÙ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÎÉ × ËÏÅÍ
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ÓÌÕÞÁÅ.</para>
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<para>ðÏÐÙÔËÁ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÔÁËÏÊ ÔÉÐ ÐÅÓÏÞÎÉÃÙ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÏÚÒÁÞÎÁ, ÞÔÏ
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ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>÷ &unix; ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÙ Ä×Á ÔÉÐÁ <quote>ÐÅÓÏÞÎÉÃ</quote>. ïÄÉÎ ÎÁ
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ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ, É ÏÄÉÎ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒÏ×
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ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.</para>
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<para>ëÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ × &unix; ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÚÁÝÉݣΠÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×.
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îÉËÁËÏÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï
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ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ.</para>
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<para>÷ &unix; ËÁÖÄÙÍ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÍ ×ÌÁÄÅÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ
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ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÅ
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<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, ÏÎ ÏÇÒÁÖÄÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÏÔ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ,
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×ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÁÍÉ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ. üÔÏÔ
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ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ.</para>
|
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</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
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<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="securelevel">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ (securelevel)?</para>
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||
</question>
|
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<answer>
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<para><literal>securelevel</literal> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÏÍ
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ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÒÅÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎ × ÑÄÒÅ. ëÏÇÄÁ
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ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÕÌÑ,
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ÑÄÒÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ; ÄÁÖÅ
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ÓÕÐÅÒÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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ÚÁÐÒÅÝÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÈ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ. íÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ
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×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÏ:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>ÓÎÑÔÉÀ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÆÌÁÇÏ× Ó ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ, ËÁË
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<literal>schg</literal> (ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ÆÌÁÇ ÎÅÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÍÏÓÔÉ),</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>ÚÁÐÉÓÉ × ÐÁÍÑÔØ ÑÄÒÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
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<filename>/dev/mem</filename> É
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<filename>/dev/kmem</filename>,</para>
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||
</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÅ ÍÏÄÕÌÅÊ ÑÄÒÁ É</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÜËÒÁÎÁ.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>äÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ × ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ
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ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ:</para>
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||
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl -n kern.securelevel</userinput></screen>
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<para>òÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÔÅËÕÝÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ.
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åÓÌÉ ÏÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÕÌÑ, ÔÏ ÐÏ ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ ÍÅÒÅ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
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ÉÚ ÚÁÝÉÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ.</para>
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<para>õÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÎÉÖÅÎ,
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ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÒÅÞÉÔ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ.
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åÓÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÅÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ
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ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ, ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ
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<varname>kern_securelevel</varname> É
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<varname>kern_securelevel_enable</varname> × ÆÁÊÌÅ
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<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> É ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÅ
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ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
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<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÕÒÏ×ÎÑÈ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ É Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁËÉÅ
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ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÙÈ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÈ Ï &man.init.8;.</para>
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<warning>
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<para>õÒÏ×ÅÎØ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÁÎÁÃÅÅÊ; × Î£Í ÅÓÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏ
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ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÏ×. úÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ ÏÎ ÄÁ£Ô ÏÂÍÁÎÞÉ×ÏÅ ÞÕ×ÓÔ×Ï
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ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ.</para>
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×ÅÝÉ, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ × ÜÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ ÐÒÉ
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ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ, ÔÅÈÎÉÞÅÓËÉ ×ÐÏÌÎÅ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÉÍÁ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ,
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ÔÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÓÔÁÎÅÔ ËÏÛÍÁÒÏÍ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÄÌÑ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ
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ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÐÒÉÄ£ÔÓÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ,
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<para>üÔÏ ÏÂÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÓÔ×Ï, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÒÑÄ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ, ÞÁÓÔÏ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ ×
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ÓÐÉÓËÁÈ ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ, × ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ×Ï &a.security;.
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ðÏÉÝÉÔÅ × <link xlink:href="&url.base;/search/index.html">
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||
ÁÒÈÉ×ÁÈ</link> ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÅ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÅ. ðÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÉÔÅÌÅÎ
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ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÉÊ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ.</para>
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||
</warning>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="extra-named-port">
|
||
<para>BIND (<command>named</command>) ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÁ
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||
ÏÄÎÏÍ ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÏ× Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÎÏÍÅÒÏÍ. þÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ?</para>
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</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× BIND ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏ
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×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÍÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍ ÎÏÍÅÒÏÍ. ÷ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÑÈ
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ÐÒÉ ËÁÖÄÏÍ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÅ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ UDP.
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||
üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÈ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑÈ,
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ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌ ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ UDP ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÎÁ
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ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÞÅÒÅÚ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌ, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ
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||
<literal>avoid-v4-udp-ports</literal> É
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||
<literal>avoid-v6-udp-ports</literal>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÔÉÔØ
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ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÊ ×ÙÂÏÒ ÎÏÍÅÒÏ× ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÐÅÒÅÓÅËÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ Ó ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ
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||
ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÏÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<warning>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ × <filename>/etc/namedb/named.conf</filename>
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||
ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ (ÔÁËÏÊ ËÁË 53) × ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÅ
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||
<literal>query-source</literal> ÉÌÉ
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||
<literal>query-source-v6</literal>, ÔÏ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÊ
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||
×ÙÂÏÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ. îÁÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ
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ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ ÄÌÑ
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ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÏÍÅÒÏ× ÐÏÒÔÁ.</para>
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</warning>
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<para>ëÓÔÁÔÉ, ÐÏÚÄÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍ. ðÒÅËÒÁÓÎÏ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ×Ù×ÏÄ
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ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.sockstat.1; É ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ ÎÁ
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ÁÎÏÍÁÌÉÉ!</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="sendmail-port-587">
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||
<para>äÁÅÍÏÎ <application>Sendmail</application> ÖÄ£Ô
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ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ËÁË ÎÁ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÔÕ 25, ÔÁË É ÎÁ
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ÐÏÒÔÕ 587! þÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ?</para>
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||
</question>
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<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ <application>Sendmail</application>
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ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ ÐÏÞÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÏ
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ÐÏÒÔÕ 587. üÔÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÐÏËÁ ÛÉÒÏËÏ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ,
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ÎÏ Å£ ÐÏÐÕÌÑÒÎÏÓÔØ ÒÁÓÔ£Ô.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
|
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||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="toor-account">
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||
<para>þÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÚÁ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ <systemitem
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||
class="username">toor</systemitem> Ó UID 0? ñ
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||
ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÇÓÑ ×ÚÌÏÍÕ?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>îÅ ×ÏÌÎÕÊÔÅÓØ, <systemitem
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||
class="username">toor</systemitem> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
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<quote>ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ</quote> ÕÞ£ÔÎÏÊ ÚÁÐÉÓØÀ
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ÎÁÐÅÒ£Ä). åÇÏ ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ Ó ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ
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ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÍ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒÏÍ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÍÅÎÑÔØ
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ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ÄÌÑ
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<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>. üÔÏ
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×ÁÖÎÏ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ, ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Á
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ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ, ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
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<filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÏ
|
||
ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ × ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. åÓÌÉ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">root</systemitem> ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ×
|
||
<filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> É ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ,
|
||
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÁÑ <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>, ÎÅ
|
||
ÓÍÏÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ, ÔÏ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">root</systemitem> ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÊÔÉ ×
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ É ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØÓÑ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
|
||
ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">toor</systemitem> ÄÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÐÏ×ÓÅÄÎÅ×ÎÙÈ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÒÁÂÏÔ Ó ÎÅÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÍ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÏÍ, ÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÑ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">root</systemitem> ÓÏ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ
|
||
ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ × ÏÄÎÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÉÌÉ
|
||
×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÈ ÒÁÂÏÔ. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÎÅ
|
||
ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÊÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ËÁË <systemitem
|
||
class="username">toor</systemitem>, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÄÌÑ ÎÅÇÏ
|
||
ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÐÁÒÏÌØ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÊÄÉÔÅ ÉÚ-ÐÏÄ <systemitem
|
||
class="username">root</systemitem> É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÐÁÒÏÌØ
|
||
ÄÌÑ <systemitem class="username">toor</systemitem> ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ
|
||
ËÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÄÌÑ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="ppp">
|
||
<title>PPP</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="userppp">
|
||
<para>îÅ ÍÏÇÕ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ppp. þÔÏ Ñ ÄÅÌÁÀ ÎÅ ÔÁË?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.ppp.8;
|
||
É <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/ppp-and-slip.html#userppp">ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
|
||
PPP</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á. äÌÑ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ Ó ÕÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅÍ
|
||
ÎÅÐÏÌÁÄÏË ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ
|
||
&man.ppp.8; ÉÌÉ ××ÅÓÔÉ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
|
||
<literal>default</literal> ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>. ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
|
||
ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename> ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ
|
||
ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÉÖÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ É ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/var/log/ppp.log</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>!ppp
|
||
*.* /var/log/ppp.log</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏÌÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÅÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ. îÅ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÊÔÅÓØ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅ ×Ó£ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÎÑÔÎÏ,
|
||
×ÅÄØ ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÎÑÔÎÏ ËÏÍÕ-ÔÏ ÅÝ£.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-hangs">
|
||
<para>Ppp ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÁÅÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ Ñ ÅÇÏ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÀ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
|
||
ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÏ × ÁÄÒÅÓ. îÁÉÌÕÞÛÉÊ ÓÐÏÓÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÜÔÏ -
|
||
ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>
|
||
ÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒ×ÙÍ. äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc/host.conf</filename> ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÍ ÍÅÓÔÅ ÓÔÏÉÔ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏÞËÁ <literal>hosts</literal>. úÁÔÅÍ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/etc/hosts</filename> ÚÁÐÉÓØ Ï ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.
|
||
åÓÌÉ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÁÑ ÓÅÔØ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ, ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ÄÌÑ
|
||
<systemitem>localhost</systemitem>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>127.0.0.1 foo.example.com foo localhost</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ ÄÌÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÎÕ ÚÁÐÉÓØ.
|
||
ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÍ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÚÁ
|
||
ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅÍ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ËÏÎÃÅ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ: <command>ping -c1 `hostname`</command>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-nodial-auto">
|
||
<para>Ppp ÎÅ Ú×ÏÎÉÔ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ -auto</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>óÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
|
||
ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ <command>netstat -rn</command> ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØ
|
||
Ä×Å ÓÔÒÏËÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire
|
||
default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0
|
||
10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 UH 0 0 tun0</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÔÒÏËÁ
|
||
<literal>HISADDR</literal> ÂÙÌÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÁ ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÒÕÇÁÑ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÓÔÒÏËÉ Ó ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÏÍ ÐÏ
|
||
ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÍÏÖÅÔ ËÒÙÔØÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
|
||
ÂÙÌ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎ × <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, É ÜÔÁ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>delete ALL</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÔÁËÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍÕ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/userppp.html#userppp-final">ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ</link>
|
||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="no-route-to-host">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ
|
||
<errorname>No route to host</errorname>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÁ ÏÛÉÂËÁ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename> ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>MYADDR:
|
||
delete ALL
|
||
add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ïÎ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÉÌÉ
|
||
ËÏÇÄÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÔÏÒÁ ÎÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÅÎ. ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
|
||
ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
|
||
ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ. ðÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÚÁÇÌÁ×ÎÙÍÉ ÂÕË×ÁÍÉ <acronym>PPP</acronym>
|
||
× ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>delete ALL
|
||
add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/userppp.html#userppp-dynamicip">PPP
|
||
É ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÉÅ IP ÁÄÒÅÓÁ</link> òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="connection-threeminutedrop">
|
||
<para>óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÞÅÒÅÚ 3 ÍÉÎÕÔÙ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ôÁÊÍÁÕÔ ÄÌÑ PPP ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁ×ÅÎ 3 ÍÉÎÕÔÁÍ. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ
|
||
ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÏ ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÏÊ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set timeout <replaceable>NNN</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ÇÄÅ <replaceable>NNN</replaceable> - ×ÒÅÍÑ ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ×
|
||
ÓÅËÕÎÄÁÈ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÚÁËÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. åÓÌÉ
|
||
<replaceable>NNN</replaceable> ÒÁ×ÎÏ ÎÕÌÀ, ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ
|
||
ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ ÔÁÊÍÁÕÔÕ. üÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>ppp.conf</filename> ÉÌÉ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ ÅÅ × ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ
|
||
ÒÅÖÉÍÅ. éÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÓÏËÅÔÕ
|
||
<application>ppp</application> ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
|
||
&man.telnet.1; ÉÌÉ &man.pppctl.8;. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ
|
||
óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÍ &man.ppp.8;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-drop-heavy-load">
|
||
<para>óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÅ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ Link Quality Reporting
|
||
(<acronym>LQR</acronym>), ÔÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÐÁËÅÔÏ× <acronym>LQR</acronym> ÔÅÒÑÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÎÁÌÅ.
|
||
&man.ppp.8; ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ×Ù×ÏÄ, ÞÔÏ ËÁÎÁÌ ÐÌÏÈ, É ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÅÔ
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. <acronym>LQR</acronym> ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎ.
|
||
÷ËÌÀÞÉÔØ <acronym>LQR</acronym> ÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁË:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>enable lqr</programlisting>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-drop-random">
|
||
<para>óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔËÉ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>éÎÏÇÄÁ ÎÁ ÛÕÍÎÏÊ ÌÉÎÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÎÁ ÌÉÎÉÉ Ó ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ
|
||
ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ Ú×ÏÎËÁ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÅÛÁÔØ ÔÒÕÂËÕ,
|
||
ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÏ ÐÏÌÁÇÁÑ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÎÁ ÎÅÓÕÝÁÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÍÏÄÅÍÏ× ÅÓÔØ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÝÉÊ
|
||
ÞÕ×ÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ Ë ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÎÅÓÕÝÅÊ.
|
||
ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-hangs-random">
|
||
<para>óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÞÁÓÔÏ Ò×£ÔÓÑ × ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔËÉ
|
||
×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>íÎÏÇÉÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÁÀÔ Ï ÏÂÒÙ×ÁÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚ ×ÉÄÉÍÏÊ
|
||
ÐÒÉÞÉÎÙ. ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ, Ó ËÁËÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ
|
||
Ò×£ÔÓÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ
|
||
&man.ping.8;,
|
||
ÍÉÇÁÅÔ ÌÉ ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏÒ <acronym>TD</acronym> ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÅ
|
||
ÄÁÎÎÙÈ. åÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÍÉÇÁÅÔ, Á ÉÎÄÉËÁÔÏÒ <acronym>RD</acronym>
|
||
ÎÅÔ, ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÔÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ. åÓÌÉ <acronym>TD</acronym>
|
||
ÎÅ ÚÁÇÏÒÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ. äÌÑ
|
||
×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÇÏ ÍÏÄÅÍÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <literal>set
|
||
server</literal> × <filename>ppp.conf</filename>. ðÒÉ
|
||
ÏÂÒÙ×Å Ó×ÑÚÉ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÅÓØ Ë &man.ppp.8; Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
|
||
&man.pppctl.8;. åÓÌÉ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ
|
||
×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÎÁ
|
||
ÄÉÁÇÎÏÓÔÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÓÏËÅÔÅ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, ÎÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
|
||
<literal>set socket</literal> × ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÂÙÌÁ
|
||
×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ, ÔÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÊ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒ.
|
||
åÓÌÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ, ÎÏ Ó×ÑÚÉ ×Ó£ ÒÁ×ÎÏ ÎÅÔ,
|
||
×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<literal>set log local async</literal> É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
|
||
&man.ping.8; × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ ÏËÎÅ ÉÌÉ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉÔØ
|
||
Ó×ÑÚØ. ÷ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÍ ×Ù×ÏÄÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÏËÁÚÁÎÙ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ,
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ É ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍÙÅ ÉÚ ËÁÎÁÌÁ Ó×ÑÚÉ. åÓÌÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
|
||
ÐÏÓÙÌÁÀÔÓÑ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔÓÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ, ÔÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ÔÏÊ
|
||
ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ, ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÅÓÔÏÎÁÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ,
|
||
ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ Ä×Á ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÁ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ, ÔÏ ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="ppp-remote-not-responding"/>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ Ó ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, ÐÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ <xref linkend="ppp-hung"/>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-remote-not-responding">
|
||
<para>õÄÁÌ£ÎÎÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>úÄÅÓØ ÍÁÌÏ ÞÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ. âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÏ×
|
||
ÏÔËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÔØ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ
|
||
ïó ÏÔ µsoft;. äÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ <literal>enable lqr</literal>
|
||
× <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔØ
|
||
&man.ppp.8; ÏÔÓÌÅÄÉÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ É ÚÁËÒÙÔØ
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. ôÁËÏÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ É
|
||
ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÎÅ ÔÁË ÕÖ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÅÒ×ÙÍ ÄÅÌÏÍ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÌÀÂÏÅ ÓÖÁÔÉÅ,
|
||
ÕËÁÚÁ× × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>disable pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj
|
||
deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÅÝ£ ÒÁÚ É
|
||
ÕÄÏÓÔÏ×ÅÒØÔÅÓØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÌÁÓØ. åÓÌÉ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Ï
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÕÌÕÞÛÉÌÏÓØ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÏËÁÚÁÌÁÓØ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
|
||
ÒÅÛ£ÎÎÏÊ, ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔÅ, ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÞÅÇÏ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÌÁ Ë ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍ
|
||
ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÐÒÏÂ É ÏÛÉÂÏË. üÔÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ, ÈÏÔÑ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ ÎÅ Ó ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÏÍ µsoft;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË Ú×ÏÎÉÔØ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÕ, ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ×Ù×ÏÄ
|
||
ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ É ÐÏÄÏÖÄÉÔÅ, ÐÏËÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÓÎÏ×Á
|
||
ÎÅ ÐÒÅÒ×£ÔÓÑ. äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ
|
||
ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï. éÎÔÅÒÅÓ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ
|
||
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ. ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ
|
||
× ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ ASCII É ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÄÁÖÅ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ (<errorname>Memory fault</errorname>,
|
||
<errorname>Core dumped</errorname>).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÅÎ ÐÏÍÏÞØ, ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ
|
||
ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ Ó ÉÈ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ, É ÚÁÔÅÍ, ËÏÇÄÁ Ó×ÑÚØ ÐÒÅÒ×£ÔÓÑ
|
||
× ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚ, ÏÎÉ ÓÍÏÇÕÔ ÓËÁÚÁÔØ, ÐÏÞÅÍÕ Ó ÉÈ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ
|
||
×ÏÚÎÉËÌÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-hung">
|
||
<para>Ppp ÚÁ×ÉÓÁÅÔ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÅÒÅËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ &man.ppp.8; Ó
|
||
ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ, É ÚÁÔÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ &man.gdb.1;
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÅËÁ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï× ÄÌÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ
|
||
<application>ppp</application>. þÔÏÂÙ ÏÔËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ <application>ppp</application> Ó ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ
|
||
ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ, ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ ÔÁËÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/ppp</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>env DEBUG_FLAGS='-g' make clean</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>env DEBUG_FLAGS='-g' make install</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÔÅÍ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ <application>ppp</application>
|
||
É ÄÏÖÄÉÔÅÓØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÁÎÉÑ. ëÏÇÄÁ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÁÑ ÓÂÏÒËÁ
|
||
&man.ppp.8; ÚÁ×ÉÓÎÅÔ, ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ
|
||
<application>gdb</application> ÄÌÑ ÚÁ×ÉÓÛÅÇÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gdb ppp `pgrep ppp`</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ <application>gdb</application>
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>bt</command> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<command>where</command> ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÅËÁ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï×.
|
||
óÏÈÒÁÎÉÔÅ ×Ù×ÏÄ ÓÅÓÓÉÉ <application>gdb</application>
|
||
É <quote>ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅÓØ</quote> ÏÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ,
|
||
×ÙÐÏÌÎÉ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ <command>quit</command> ×
|
||
<application>gdb</application>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-same-magic">
|
||
<para>÷ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÅ ÅÓÔØ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ <quote>magic being the
|
||
same</quote>.</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>éÎÏÇÄÁ, ÓÒÁÚÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, × ÖÕÒÎÁÌÅ
|
||
ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÔØ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ <errorname>Magic is the
|
||
same</errorname>. éÎÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÑÔ
|
||
ÂÅÚÂÏÌÅÚÎÅÎÎÏ, Á ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ.
|
||
âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÊ PPP ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÐÒÁ×ÉÔØÓÑ Ó ÔÁËÏÊ
|
||
ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÅÊ, É ÄÁÖÅ ËÏÇÄÁ Ó×ÑÚØ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×É×ÛÅÊÓÑ, ×Ù
|
||
ÂÕÄeÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÂÅÓËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÑÀÝÉÅÓÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ
|
||
ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ É ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎÉÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ
|
||
&man.ppp.8; ÏËÏÎÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÅ ÚÁËÒÏÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁÈ Ó ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÉÓËÁÍÉ, ÎÁ
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÒÔ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ &man.getty.8;, Á &man.ppp.8;
|
||
×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÓÃÅÎÁÒÉÑ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ
|
||
ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÁÃÉÉ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ. âÙÌÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ, ÞÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ slirp. ðÒÉÞÉÎÁ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ,
|
||
ÞÔÏ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÐÒÏÈÏÄÑÝÅÅ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÅÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ &man.getty.8;
|
||
É ÚÁÐÕÓËÏÍ &man.ppp.8;, &man.ppp.8; ÓÏ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ
|
||
ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ Line Control Protocol (LCP). ôÁË ËÁË ÒÅÖÉÍ ÜÈÁ
|
||
ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ, &man.ppp.8; ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ
|
||
<quote>ÏÔÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ</quote> Ó×ÏÉÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ×.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÁÓÔØÀ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× LCP Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ <quote>ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ</quote> ÞÉÓÌÁ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ <quote>ÏÔÒÁÖÅÎÉÊ</quote>. óÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ
|
||
ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÄÎÁ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÀÝÅÅ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ" ÞÉÓÌÏ, ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÓÌÁÎ ÏÔ×ÅÔ NAK É
|
||
ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ×ÙÂÒÁÎÏ ÎÏ×ÏÅ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ" ÞÉÓÌÏ. ÷ ÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ,
|
||
ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÁ ÐÏÒÔÕ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÜÈÁ, ËÌÉÅÎÔ &man.ppp.8;
|
||
ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ LCP, ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ" ÞÉÓÌÏ ×
|
||
ÏÔÒÁÖ£ÎÎÏÍ ÐÁËÅÔÅ É ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÎÅÇÏ NAK. ïÎ ÔÁËÖÅ ×ÉÄÉÔ
|
||
ÏÔÒÁÖ£ÎÎÙÊ NAK (ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÔÁËÖÅ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ &man.ppp.8; ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
|
||
ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ Ó×Ï£ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÅ" ÞÉÓÌÏ). ÷ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌÅ ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ
|
||
×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÏÇÒÏÍÎÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ× ÓÍÅÎ
|
||
"ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÉÈ" ÞÉÓÅÌ, É ×ÓÅ ÏÎÉ ÎÁËÁÐÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ × ÂÕÆÅÒÅ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÁ.
|
||
ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÓÑ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ &man.ppp.8;, ÏÎ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÖÅÎ
|
||
ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÓÍÅÎÕ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÉÈ", ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÒÅÛÉÔ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ
|
||
ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ LCP É ÐÒÅÒ×£Ô ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. ÷ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ
|
||
×ÒÅÍÑ, ËÌÉÅÎÔ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÎÅ ×ÉÄÉÔ ÏÔÒÁÖÅÎÉÊ, ÏÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÚÁËÒÙÌ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉ× ÎÁÞÉÎÁÔØ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÏÊ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
<filename>ppp.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set openmode passive</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ &man.ppp.8; ÏÖÉÄÁÔØ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
|
||
LCP. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÎÁÞÁÔØ
|
||
ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ
|
||
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set openmode active 3</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ &man.ppp.8; ÐÁÓÓÉ×ÎÏ ÖÄÁÔØ 3 ÓÅËÕÎÄÙ, É ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÔÅÍ
|
||
ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ LCP. åÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÎÁÞÎ£Ô ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ × ÜÔÏÔ
|
||
ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ, &man.ppp.8; ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔ, ÎÅ ÏÖÉÄÁÑ ÉÓÔÅÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÔÒ£ÈÓÅËÕÎÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-lcp-constant">
|
||
<para>óÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ LCP ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÅÔÓÑ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÚÁËÒÏÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÎÅÐÒÉÑÔÎÙÈ ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ
|
||
ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ &man.ppp.8; Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÎÅ Ó×ÑÚÙ×ÁÅÔ
|
||
ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ LCP, CCP & IPCP Ó ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁÍÉ. ëÁË ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ, ÅÓÌÉ
|
||
ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ PPP Ó ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ÎÁ 6 ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÅÅ,
|
||
ÞÅÍ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÊ, ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ
|
||
Ä×Á ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ÎÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× LCP.
|
||
üÔÏ ÆÁÔÁÌØÎÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÍ, ÞÔÏ Õ ÎÁÓ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ Ä×Å ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ, ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ
|
||
<systemitem>A</systemitem> É <systemitem>B</systemitem>. <systemitem>A</systemitem>
|
||
ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ LCP ÓÒÁÚÕ ÖÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ, Á
|
||
<systemitem>B</systemitem> ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ 7 ÓÅËÕÎÄ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ. ëÏÇÄÁ
|
||
<systemitem>B</systemitem> ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔÓÑ, <systemitem>A</systemitem> ÐÏÓÌÁÌÏ 3
|
||
LCP-ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ. ðÏÌÁÇÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÜÈÁ ×ÙËÌÀÞÅÎ, × ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ
|
||
ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÍÙ ÓÔÏÌËÎÕÌÉÓØ ÂÙ Ó ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁÍÉ "ÍÁÇÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ" ÞÉÓÌÁ,
|
||
ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÍÉ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ. <systemitem>B</systemitem> ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ
|
||
REQ, ÚÁÔÅÍ ACK ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ REQ ÏÔ <systemitem>A</systemitem>. üÔÏ
|
||
ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ <systemitem>A</systemitem> ×ÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ
|
||
<acronym>OPENED</acronym> É ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ (ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ) ACK ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ
|
||
<systemitem>B</systemitem>. ÷ ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ <systemitem>B</systemitem>
|
||
ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏ ÅÝ£ Ä×Á ACK × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ Ä×Á ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ REQ,
|
||
ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÅ <systemitem>A</systemitem> ÄÏ ÓÔÁÒÔÁ <systemitem>B</systemitem>.
|
||
<systemitem>B</systemitem> ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ACK ÏÔ <systemitem>A</systemitem>
|
||
É ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym>, ÐÏÓÌÁ×
|
||
ÅÝ£ ÏÄÉÎ (ÞÅÔ×£ÒÔÙÊ) REQ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ RFC. úÁÔÅÍ ÏÎ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ
|
||
ÔÒÅÔÉÊ ACK É ×ÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ <acronym>OPENED</acronym>.
|
||
÷ ÜÔÏ ÖÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ <systemitem>B</systemitem> ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ
|
||
ÞÅÔ×£ÒÔÙÊ REQ ÏÔ <systemitem>A</systemitem>, ÞÔÏ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ
|
||
ÅÇÏ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ <acronym>ACK-SENT</acronym> É ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÉÎ
|
||
(×ÔÏÒÏÊ) REQ É (ÞÅÔ×£ÒÔÙÊ) ACK ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ RFC. <systemitem>A</systemitem>
|
||
ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ REQ, ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ <acronym>REQ-SENT</acronym>
|
||
É ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÅÝ£ ÏÄÉÎ REQ. ïÎ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ
|
||
ACK É ×ÈÏÄÉÔ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ <acronym>OPENED</acronym>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÔØÓÑ ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ ÎÅ
|
||
ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÉ Ë ÞÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ É ÎÅ ÚÁËÒÏÅÔ
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ìÕÞÛÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÑ
|
||
ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ ËÁË <literal>passive</literal>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÁ ÖÄÁÌÁ
|
||
ÄÒÕÇÕÀ ÄÌÑ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set openmode passive</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ó ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÙÍ. üÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
|
||
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÌÑ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÉÏÄÁ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ,
|
||
× ÔÅÞÅÎÉÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ &man.ppp.8; ÖÄ£Ô ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó
|
||
ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set stopped <replaceable>N</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ëÁË ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
|
||
(ÇÄÅ <replaceable>N</replaceable> - ÐÅÒÉÏÄ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ × ÓÅËÕÎÄÁÈ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÄ ÔÅÍ, ËÁË ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ):</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set openmode active <replaceable>N</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ
|
||
óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-shell-test-lockup">
|
||
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ Ñ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ shell ÄÌÑ ÔÅÓÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ,
|
||
ppp ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ <command>shell</command> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<command>!</command> &man.ppp.8; ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ ÉÌÉ
|
||
ÐÅÒÅÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ. ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
|
||
<application>ppp</application> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÖÄÁÔØ ÏËÏÎÞÁÎÉÑ
|
||
×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ. ðÒÉ ÌÀÂÏÊ
|
||
ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó×ÑÚØÀ PPP ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ Ó×ÑÚØ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ. üÔÏ
|
||
ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ &man.ppp.8; ÖÄ£Ô ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ
|
||
<command>!bg</command>. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÕÖÎÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ × ÆÏÎÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ, Á &man.ppp.8; ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ËÁÎÁÌÁ Ó×ÑÚÉ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-nullmodem">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ppp, ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÀÝÁÑ ÎÕÌØ-ÍÏÄÅÍ, ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ
|
||
ÚÁËÒÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&man.ppp.8; ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ÂÙÌÏ ÚÁËÒÙÔÏ. üÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÉÇÎÁÌØÎÙÈ
|
||
ÌÉÎÉÊ ÎÕÌØ-ÍÏÄÅÍÎÏÇÏ ËÁÂÅÌÑ. ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ×ËÌÀÞÁÊÔÅ LQR:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>enable lqr</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ LQR ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÚÁÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÏ Ó
|
||
ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÎÁ ÜÔÁÐÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-auto-noreasondial">
|
||
<para>÷ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ <option>-auto</option> ppp ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ
|
||
Ú×ÏÎÉÔØ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ &man.ppp.8; ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ Ú×ÏÎÉÔØ,
|
||
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔÅ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÕ É ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊÔÅ ÆÉÌØÔÒÙ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ Ú×ÏÎËÏ×.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÙ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set log +tcp/ip</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. ÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅÏÖÉÄÁÎÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ, × ÆÁÊÌ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÌÅÄÏÍ
|
||
ÚÁÎÅÓÅÎÁ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁ Ó ÏÔÍÅÔËÏÊ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÐÅÒØ ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÄÏÚ×ÏÎ ÐÒÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑÈ. ëÁË
|
||
ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÔÁËÉÅ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ ×ÏÚÎÉËÁÀÔ ÉÚ-ÚÁ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÊ Ë DNS.
|
||
äÌÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÊ Ë DNS É ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ (ÞÔÏ <emphasis>ÎÅ</emphasis> ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔ
|
||
&man.ppp.8; ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÕÖÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÅ
|
||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ), ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÀ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53
|
||
set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53
|
||
set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÎÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÚÁËÒÙ×ÁÅÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ
|
||
ÄÏÚ×ÏÎÁ ÐÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÕ. âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Õ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ
|
||
Ë DNS ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ DNS ÐÏÐÙÔÁÊÔÅÓØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ
|
||
ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ. ÷ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÌÕÞÁÅ×
|
||
×ÉÎÏ×ÎÙÍ ÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <application>Sendmail</application>.
|
||
ðÒÏ×ÅÒØÔÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
|
||
<application>Sendmail</application> ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ
|
||
ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ë DNS. ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÒÁÚÄÅÌÕ Ï <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/smtp-dialup.html">ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
|
||
ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ ÐÒÉ ËÏÍÍÕÔÉÒÕÅÍÏÍ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÉ</link> ×
|
||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Å &os; ÚÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅÍ. ÷ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ
|
||
ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ × ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>.mc</filename> ÓÔÒÏËÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ <application>Sendmail</application>
|
||
ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ ×ÓÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ × ÏÞÅÒÅÄØ ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ
|
||
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ Å£ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÁ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ËÁÖÄÙÅ 30 ÍÉÎÕÔ,
|
||
ÉÌÉ ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
|
||
<command>sendmail -q</command>, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
|
||
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename>).</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ccp-errors">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÀÔ ÏÛÉÂËÉ CCP</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÔÁËÉÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÏÂ
|
||
ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>CCP: CcpSendConfigReq
|
||
CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ, ÅÓÌÉ &man.ppp.8; ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ
|
||
ÓÖÁÔÉÅ Predictor1, Á ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÎÅ ÈÏÞÅÔ
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÉËÁËÏÇÏ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ. üÔÉ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏÂÉÄÎÙ,
|
||
ÎÏ ÉÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÇÌÕÛÉÔØ ÏÔËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÓÖÁÔÉÑ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>disable pred1</programlisting>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-connectionspeed">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ppp ÎÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÕÅÔ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÌÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó ÍÏÄÅÍÏÍ
|
||
×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set log +connect</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÉÔ &man.ppp.8; ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×Ó£, ×ÐÌÏÔØ
|
||
ÄÏ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ÐÒÏÞÔ£ÎÎÏÊ ÞÅÒÅÚ <quote>expect</quote>
|
||
ÓÔÒÏËÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
|
||
PAP ÉÌÉ CHAP, ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ &man.ppp.8; ÏÖÉÄÁÔØ ÐÏÌÎÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ
|
||
CONNECT:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \
|
||
\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÄÅÓØ ÍÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÍ ÓÔÒÏËÕ CONNECT, ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÍ,
|
||
Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÍ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁ ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÑ
|
||
&man.ppp.8; ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÃÅÌÉËÏÍ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ CONNECT.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-ignores-backslash">
|
||
<para>Ppp ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ <literal>\</literal>
|
||
× chat-ÓËÒÉÐÔÅ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ <application>ppp</application> ÒÁÚÂÉÒÁÅÔ
|
||
ËÁÖÄÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÁÈ É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÍÏÖÅÔ
|
||
ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ×ÉÄÁ
|
||
<literal>set phone "123 456 789"</literal> É ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÔØ,
|
||
ÞÔÏ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÎÏÍÅÒ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ.
|
||
äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ <literal>"</literal>,
|
||
ÚÁÜËÒÁÎÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÇÏ ÓÌÜÛÁ
|
||
(<literal>\</literal>).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒ chat ÒÁÚÂÉÒÁÅÔ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ, ÏÎ
|
||
ÅÝ£ ÒÁÚ ÐÒÏÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÎÁ ÐÒÅÄÍÅÔ ËÁËÉÈ-ÌÉÂÏ
|
||
ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÔÉÐÁ <literal>\P</literal>
|
||
ÉÌÉ <literal>\T</literal>. ÷ÓÌÅÄÓÔ×ÉÅ ÜÔÏÊ Ä×ÏÊÎÏÊ
|
||
ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÃÉÉ ÎÅ ÚÁÂÙ×ÁÊÔÅ Ï ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÎÕÖÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÜËÒÁÎÉÒÕÀÝÉÈ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÔØ ÓÁÍ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ <literal>\</literal>,
|
||
ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÔÉÐÁ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄ£Ô Ë ÔÁËÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>ATZ
|
||
OK
|
||
AT\X
|
||
OK</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>éÌÉ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>set phone 1234567
|
||
set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÄÁÓÔ ÔÁËÕÀ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>ATZ
|
||
OK
|
||
ATDT1234567</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ppp-autodialprocess-noconnect">
|
||
<para>ðÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ×ÙÚ×Á×ÛÉÊ ÐÒÏÚ×ÏÎËÕ × ÒÅÖÉÍÅ <option>-auto</option>,
|
||
ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔ ÚÁÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>üÔÁ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÁ ÐÒÏÑ×ÌÑÌÁÓØ, ËÏÇÄÁ &man.ppp.8; ×
|
||
ÒÅÖÉÍÅ <option>-auto</option> ÂÙÌ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÎÁ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÅ
|
||
ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ
|
||
Ó ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÏÊ. üÔÏ ÂÙÌÏ ÄÁ×ÎÏ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÏ —
|
||
ÐÏÉÝÉÔÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ ÓÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÓÌÏ×Ï <literal>iface</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÂÙÌÏ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ËÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ× &man.connect.2;, ÄÌÑ ÓÏËÅÔÁ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÁÅÔÓÑ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ
|
||
ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ &man.tun.4;. ñÄÒÏ ÓÏÚÄÁ£Ô ÐÅÒ×ÙÊ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÐÁËÅÔ É
|
||
ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÅÇÏ × ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï &man.tun.4;. úÁÔÅÍ &man.ppp.8;
|
||
ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔ É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. åÓÌÉ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ
|
||
ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ &man.ppp.8; ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ
|
||
ÁÄÒÅÓ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÓÑ, ÓÏËÅÔ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÏ.
|
||
ìÀÂÙÅ IP-ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÓÏËÅÔ, ÂÕÄÕÔ ÏÔÂÒÏÛÅÎÙ.
|
||
åÓÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÏÉÚÏÊÄ£Ô, ÏÔ×ÅÔÎÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ
|
||
ÄÏÓÔÉÇÁÔØ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔÅÌÑ,
|
||
ÔÁË ËÁË ÜÔÏÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÉÔ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÏÒÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ× ÒÅÛÉÔØ ÜÔÕ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÕ.
|
||
ìÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÁ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÉÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ
|
||
ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ. ôÅËÕÝÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ
|
||
&man.ppp.8; ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÁË É ÐÏÓÔÕÐÁÅÔ, ÎÏ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÄÒÕÇÉÈ
|
||
ÒÅÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÊ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÎÅ ÄÅÌÁÀÔ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>óÁÍÙÍ ÐÒÏÓÔÙÍ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÑÔØ
|
||
IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ &man.tun.4;, Á ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÎÁ
|
||
ÌÅÔÕ ×ÓÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÔÁË, ÞÔÏÂÙ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ÍÅÎÑÌÓÑ
|
||
Ó IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÎÁ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ Ó ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ
|
||
ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ. üÔÏ, × ÓÕÝÎÏÓÔÉ, ÔÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ, ÞÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÏÐÃÉÑ
|
||
<literal>iface-alias</literal> × ÓÁÍÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
|
||
&man.ppp.8; (Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ &man.libalias.3; É ËÌÀÞÁ
|
||
<option>-nat</option> ÄÌÑ &man.ppp.8;) — ÏÎÁ ÏÔÓÌÅÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
|
||
×ÓÅ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÎÅÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ É ÚÁÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÉÈ ÎÁ
|
||
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÉÚ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÎÙÈ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÒÕÇÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÊ (É, ÎÁ×ÅÒÎÏÅ, ÓÁÍÙÊ ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÙÊ) ÓÐÏÓÏ - ÜÔÏ
|
||
ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ×, ÍÅÎÑÀÝÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ×ÓÅÍ ÕÖÅ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÍ
|
||
ÓÏËÅÔÁÍ. &man.ppp.8; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌ ÂÙ ÜÔÏÔ ×ÙÚÏ× ÄÌÑ ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ
|
||
ÓÏËÅÔÏ× ×ÓÅÈ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÈ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ
|
||
IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ. üÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÙÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ ×ÙÚÏ× ÍÏÇÌÉ ÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ËÌÉÅÎÔÙ <acronym>DHCP</acronym>, ËÏÇÄÁ ÏÎÉ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÀÔ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÕÀ
|
||
ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÕ Ë ÓÏËÅÔÕ, ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÑ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ
|
||
<function>bind()</function>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÝ£ ÏÄÎÏÊ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÕ
|
||
ÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÍ ÂÅÚ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ. éÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÍ ÐÁËÅÔÁÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ IP ÁÄÒÅÓ <systemitem class="ipaddress">255.255.255.255</systemitem>
|
||
ÄÏ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ×ÙÚÏ×Á &man.ioctl.2; <literal>SIOCAIFADDR</literal>,
|
||
ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÝÅÇÏ Ë ÐÏÌÎÏÊ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚËÅ ÓÏËÅÔÁ. &man.ppp.8; ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ É ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÕÀ ÓÕÍÍÕ ÐÁËÅÔÁ, ÔÏÌØËÏ
|
||
ÅÓÌÉ ÏÎ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ × <systemitem class="ipaddress">255.255.255.255</systemitem>.
|
||
üÔÏ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÈÁËÏÍ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÑÄÒÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ
|
||
ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ, × ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÉ, ÞÔÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÅÔ
|
||
ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="fcs-errors">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ FCS?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>FCS Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÏËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅÍ ÏÔ Frame Check Sequence
|
||
(ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ËÁÄÒÏ×). ëÁÖÄÙÊ ËÁÄÒ PPP ÉÍÅÅÔ
|
||
ËÏÎÔÒÏÌØÎÕÀ ÓÕÍÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÉÎÑÔÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÓÏ×ÐÁÄÁÀÔ
|
||
Ó ÐÅÒÅÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ. åÓÌÉ FCS ÐÒÉÎÑÔÏÇÏ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÎÅËÏÒÒÅËÔÎÁ, ÐÁËÅÔ
|
||
ÏÔÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ É ÓÞ£ÔÞÉË FCS ÄÌÑ HDLC Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. úÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÏÛÉÂÏË ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ HDLC ÍÏÖÎÏ ×Ù×ÅÓÔÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<literal>show hdlc</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÌÉÎÉÑ ÐÌÏÈÏÇÏ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Á ÉÌÉ ÄÒÁÊ×ÅÒ
|
||
ËÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ ÏÔÂÒÁÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÂÕÄÕÔ
|
||
ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ FCS. üÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ×ÏÌÎÅÎÉÊ, ÈÏÔÑ ÜÔÏ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÍÅÄÌÑÅÔ
|
||
ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ ËÏÍÐÒÅÓÓÉÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ Ó×ÑÚØ ÚÁÍÉÒÁÅÔ ÓÒÁÚÕ ÐÒÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ
|
||
É ÎÁÂÌÀÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÏÛÉÂÏË FCS, ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÍÏÄÅÍ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÔÏËÏÍ
|
||
(XON/XOFF). åÓÌÉ ÖÅ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
|
||
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÔÏËÏÍ, ÔÏ ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<literal>set accmap 0x000a0000</literal> ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ
|
||
&man.ppp.8; ÜËÒÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ <literal>^Q</literal> É <literal>^S</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÒÕÇÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÏÊ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÏÛÉÂÏË FCS
|
||
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÏÊ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ
|
||
<acronym>PPP</acronym>. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ <literal>async</literal> ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ
|
||
ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÌÉ ÐÏÓÔÕÐÁÅÍÙÅ ÉÚ ÌÉÎÉÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ
|
||
ÄÅÌÅ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅÍ login ÉÌÉ shell. åÓÌÉ Ó ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÏÊ
|
||
ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ shell, ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÉÔØ &man.ppp.8;
|
||
ÂÅÚ ÏÂÒÙ×Á Ó×ÑÚÉ ÍÏÖÎÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<command>close lcp</command> É ÐÏÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
|
||
<command>term</command>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë
|
||
ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÀ shell ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ ÎÅ ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÔ Ï ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ
|
||
ÒÁÚÒÙ×Á Ó×ÑÚÉ, ÓÐÒÏÓÉÔÅ Õ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ
|
||
ÉÌÉ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ, ÐÏÞÅÍÕ ÓÅÁÎÓ ÂÙÌ ÚÁËÒÙÔ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="desperation">
|
||
<para>îÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ — Ñ ÕÖÅ ÏÔÞÁÑÌÓÑ!</para>
|
||
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||
<answer>
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||
<para>åÓÌÉ ×Ó£ ÕÖÅ ÐÅÒÅÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÎÏ, É ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ,
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||
ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ, É ×Ù×ÏÄ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ <command>netstat -rn</command>
|
||
ÄÏ É ÐÏÓÌÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ × &a.questions;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="serial">
|
||
<title>ëÏÍÍÕÎÉËÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÏÓ×ÅÝÅÎÙ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ Ï ÒÁÂÏÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
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ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ×Ï &os;. ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ PPP ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ
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<link linkend="networking">òÁÂÏÔÁ × ÓÅÔÉ</link>.</para>
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||
<qandaset>
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<qandaentry>
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<question xml:id="multiport-serial-support">
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<para>ëÁËÉÅ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÒÔÏ×ÙÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×Ï
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&os;?</para>
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<answer>
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<para>óÐÉÓÏË ÔÁËÉÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÇÌÁ×Å òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á
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<link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/serial.html">ðÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ
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ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ</link>.</para>
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<para>âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÒÔÏ×ÙÈ PCI ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÎÁ ÂÁÚÅ 16550 É ÉÈ
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ËÌÏÎÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÂÅÚ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÕÓÉÌÉÊ.</para>
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<para>îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÅÚÙÍÑÎÎÙÅ ËÌÏÎÙ ÔÁËÉÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ× ÔÏÖÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ
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ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÔÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁÑ×ÌÑÀÔ Ï Ó×ÏÅÊ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÏÓÔÉ
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Ó AST.</para>
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<para>ðÒÏÞÔÉÔÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ &man.uart.4; É &man.sio.4; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
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ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÔÁËÉÈ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="serial-console-prompt">
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<para>ëÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ boot: ×Ù×ÏÄÉÌÏÓØ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ ÎÁ
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ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÍ ÐÏÒÔÕ?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/serialconsole-setup.html">ÜÔÏÍ
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ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á</link>.</para>
|
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
|
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|
||
<qandaentry>
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<question xml:id="found-serial">
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<para>ëÁË ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÁ ÌÉ &os; ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ
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ÉÌÉ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÅ ÍÏÄÅÍÙ?</para>
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<para>÷ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÑÄÒÏ &os; ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÙÔÁÔØÓÑ
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ÎÁÊÔÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÑÄÒÏ
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ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÏ. ÷ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ
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ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÌÉÂÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÔÏÇÏ,
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||
ËÁË ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÌÁÓØ É ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>dmesg | grep -E "^sio[0-9]"</userinput>
|
||
sio0: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0
|
||
sio0: type 16550A
|
||
sio1: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on acpi0
|
||
sio1: type 16550A</screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÄÅÓØ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ Ä×Á ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÁ. ðÅÒ×ÙÊ
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ IRQ4, ÐÏÒÔ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ
|
||
<literal>0x3f8</literal>, É ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎ ÎÁ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÅ UART
|
||
ÔÉÐÁ 16550A. ÷ÔÏÒÏÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÔÉÐ ÍÉËÒÏÓÈÅÍÙ, ÎÏ
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ IRQ3 É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÐÏÒÔÁ ××ÏÄÁ/×Ù×ÏÄÁ
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||
<literal>0x2f8</literal>. ÷ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÅ ÍÏÄÅÍÙ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÑÔ
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||
ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ, ËÁË ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ
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||
ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÍÏÄÅÍ Ë ÎÉÍ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÑÄÒÏ <filename>GENERIC</filename> ×ÓÔÒÏÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ
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||
Ä×ÕÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, Ó ÔÅÍÉ ÖÅ IRQ É ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ
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ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÎÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ ÉÌÉ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÂÏÌØÛÅ
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×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÉÈ ÍÏÄÅÍÏ× ÉÌÉ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÞÅÍ
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× ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <link linkend="make-kernel">Ï ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ
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ÑÄÒÁ</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="access-serial-ports">
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||
<para>ëÁË ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ ÐÏÒÔÁÍ ×Ï
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|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ôÒÅÔÉÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ, <filename>sio2</filename>
|
||
ÉÌÉ <filename>COM3</filename>, ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË
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||
<filename>/dev/cuad2</filename> ÄÌÑ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÝÉÈ
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||
ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ Ú×ÏÎËÉ, É <filename>/dev/ttyd2</filename> ÄÌÑ
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||
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×, ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÝÉÈ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ Ú×ÏÎËÉ. ëÁËÁÑ ÒÁÚÎÉÃÁ
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||
ÍÅÖÄÕ ÜÔÉÍÉ Ä×ÕÍÑ ËÌÁÓÓÁÍÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×?</para>
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||
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||
<para>ðÒÉ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÉ <filename>/dev/ttydX</filename> ×
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ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÝÅÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÖÉÄÁÔØ ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ
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ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <filename>cuadX</filename>, Á
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ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÉÇÎÁÌÁ Ï ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ ÎÅÓÕÝÅÊ. ðÒÉ ÏÔËÒÙÔÉÉ
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ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <filename>cuadX</filename> ÏÎ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔ, ÞÔÏ
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<filename>ttydX</filename>. åÓÌÉ ÐÏÒÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ, ÏÎ
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ÐÏÈÉÝÁÅÔ ÅÇÏ Õ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <filename>ttydX</filename>.
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ôÁËÖÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <filename>cuadX</filename> ÎÅ ÓÌÅÄÉÔ ÚÁ
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ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅÍ ÎÅÓÕÝÅÊ. ó ÔÁËÏÊ ÓÈÅÍÏÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ É ÍÏÄÅÍÏÍ
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× ÒÅÖÉÍÅ Á×ÔÏÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÈÏÄÉÔØ
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× ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, Á ÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÍÏÄÅÍ
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ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏ ÐÒÅÖÎÅÍÕ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÔØ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ Ú×ÏÎËÉ, Á ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ
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ÐÏÚÁÂÏÔÉÔÓÑ Ï ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÈ ËÏÎÆÌÉËÔÁÈ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="enable-multiport-serial">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÒÔÏ×ÙÈ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ
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ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÏ×?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔÓÑ ×
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&man.device.hints.5; ÐÏ ÓÔÒÏËÅ &man.sio.4; ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ.
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îÏ IRQ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÔÏÌØËÏ Õ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ. ÷ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ
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ÎÁ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÄÎÏ É ÔÏ ÖÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ IRQ.
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äÌÑ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÏ×ÁÎÎÏÓÔÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ IRQ
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ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ. ôÁËÖÅ ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ
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ÏÐÃÉÀ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ:</para>
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||
|
||
<programlisting>COM_MULTIPORT</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ
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<filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> ÄÌÑ 4-ÐÏÒÔÏ×ÏÇÏ
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||
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÁ AST ÎÁ IRQ 12:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>hint.sio.4.at="isa"
|
||
hint.sio.4.port="0x2a0"
|
||
hint.sio.4.flags="0x701"
|
||
hint.sio.5.at="isa"
|
||
hint.sio.5.port="0x2a8"
|
||
hint.sio.5.flags="0x701"
|
||
hint.sio.6.at="isa"
|
||
hint.sio.6.port="0x2b0"
|
||
hint.sio.6.flags="0x701"
|
||
hint.sio.7.at="isa"
|
||
hint.sio.7.port="0x2b8"
|
||
hint.sio.7.flags="0x701"
|
||
hint.sio.7.irq="12"</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>æÌÁÇÉ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÍÌÁÄÛÉÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ
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||
ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á <literal>7</literal> (<literal>0x700</literal>),
|
||
É ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÎÏÍÅÒ IRQ
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||
(<literal>0x001</literal>).</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="default-serial-params">
|
||
<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &os;, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÊ <link
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||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/serial.html#serial-hw-config">ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÍ
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||
ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑÍ</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="enable-dialup">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ×ÈÏÄ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÍÏÄÅÍ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏÍ òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &os;, ÐÏÓ×ÑÝ£ÎÎÙÍ
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<link
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xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/dialup.html">×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÍ
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|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="dumb-terminal">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÔÅÒÍÉÎÁÌ Ë &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>éÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÏ ÜÔÏÍÕ ×ÏÐÒÏÓÕ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ <link
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||
xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/term.html">ôÅÒÍÉÎÁÌÙ</link>
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||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á &os;.</para>
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||
</answer>
|
||
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|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
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||
<question xml:id="cannot-tip">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÎÅ ÕÄÁ£ÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ <command>tip</command> ÉÌÉ
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||
<command>cu</command>?</para>
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||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÙ &man.tip.1; É &man.cu.1; ÍÏÇÕÔ
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||
ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÕ
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||
<filename>/var/spool/lock</filename>
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||
ÔÏÌØËÏ ÉÚ-ÐÏÄ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
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<systemitem class="username">uucp</systemitem> É ÞÌÅÎÏ×
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ÇÒÕÐÐÙ <systemitem class="groupname">dialer</systemitem>.
|
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éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ <systemitem
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||
class="groupname">dialer</systemitem> ÄÌÑ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
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||
ÄÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ Ë ÍÏÄÅÍÕ ÉÌÉ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÙÍ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ ÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ
|
||
ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ × ÎÅ£ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ ÕÞ£ÔÎÙÈ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ìÉÂÏ ÖÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÉÔØ ×ÓÅÍ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ
|
||
&man.tip.1; É &man.cu.1;:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu</userinput>
|
||
&prompt.root; <userinput>chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip</userinput></screen>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="misc">
|
||
<title>òÁÚÎÏÅ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="more-swap">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ &os; ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ
|
||
ÄÁÖÅ ÐÒÉ ÂÏÌØÛÏÍ ÏÂߣÍÅ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>&os; ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÅÔ ÎÅÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ
|
||
ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, Ë ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÎÅ ÂÙÌÏ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÊ, × ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÏÂß£Í ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÄÌÑ
|
||
ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. ôÁËÏÅ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ËÏÍÐÅÎÓÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÊ
|
||
Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÄÌÑ ËÅÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÈÏÔÑ &os; ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ, ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÝÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏ
|
||
ÐÒÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ. ðÏ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÃÅÌÉËÏÍ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ
|
||
ÐÏÓÌÅ ÎÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÁÉ×ÁÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="top-freemem">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.top.1; ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÊ ÏÂߣÍ
|
||
Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ÄÁÖÅ ËÏÇÄÁ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÏ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
|
||
ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÒÏÓÔÏ ÄÅÌÏ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÄ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔØÀ
|
||
ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÉËÁË ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÁÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ. ÷ÓÑ ÐÁÍÑÔØ,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ Ñ×ÎÏ ÎÅ ×ÙÄÅÌÑÌÁÓØ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÑÄÒÏÍ &os; ÄÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ËÜÛÁ. úÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ, ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
|
||
ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ &man.top.1;, ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎÎÙÅ ËÁË <literal>Inact</literal>,
|
||
<literal>Cache</literal> É <literal>Buf</literal> - ÜÔÏ
|
||
×Ó£ ËÜÛÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÓÔÅÐÅÎÅÊ ÕÓÔÁÒÅ×ÁÎÉÑ. ôÏ,
|
||
ÞÔÏ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ËÜÛÅ, ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÏÂÒÁÝÁÔØÓÑ Ë ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÄÉÓËÕ ÓÎÏ×Á ÚÁ ÔÅÍÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ,
|
||
ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÅ Ë ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ ÂÙÌÏ ÎÅÄÁ×ÎÏ, ÐÏ×ÙÛÁÑ ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ
|
||
ÏÂÝÕÀ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔØ. ÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
|
||
× ÐÕÎËÔÅ <literal>Free</literal>, ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÏÊ
|
||
&man.top.1; ÄÌÑ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ - ÜÔÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ, ÅÓÌÉ,
|
||
ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ <emphasis>ÏÞÅÎØ</emphasis> ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÅ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="chmod-symlinks">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ <command>chmod</command> ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ
|
||
ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÓÓÙÌËÉ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>óÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÁÔÒÉÂÕÔÏ× ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ, É ÐÏ
|
||
ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.chmod.1; ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÐÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ
|
||
ÓÓÙÌËÅ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÒÁ×Á ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ ÎÁ
|
||
ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ. äÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ <filename>foo</filename> Ó
|
||
ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÏÊ <filename>bar</filename> ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
ÜÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>chmod g-w bar</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>ïÄÎÁËÏ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÆÁÊÌ <filename>bar</filename> ÎÅ
|
||
ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔÓÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÜÔÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÌÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÏÐÃÉÀ <option>-H</option> ÉÌÉ
|
||
<option>-L</option> ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ <option>-R</option>.
|
||
ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁÍ óÐÒÁ×ÏÞÎÉËÁ ÐÏ ËÏÍÁÎÄÅ &man.chmod.1; É ÐÏ
|
||
&man.symlink.7;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<warning>
|
||
<para>ïÐÃÉÑ <option>-R</option> ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ &man.chmod.1;
|
||
<emphasis>ÒÅËÕÒÓÉ×ÎÏ</emphasis>. âÕÄØÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÙ,
|
||
ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÑ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ ÉÌÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÉÅ ÓÓÙÌËÉ ÎÁ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÉ
|
||
× ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁÈ &man.chmod.1;. þÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÁÑ ÓÓÙÌËÁ,
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ &man.chmod.1; ÂÅÚ ÏÐÃÉÊ É ÓÌÅÄÕÊÔÅ
|
||
ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÌÉÄÉÒÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÓÌÜÛÁ
|
||
(<filename>/</filename>). îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ
|
||
<filename>foo</filename> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÏÊ
|
||
ÎÁ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>bar</filename>, ÔÏ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ
|
||
ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ <filename>foo</filename> (ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ ÎÁ
|
||
<filename>bar</filename>), ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÔÁËÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>chmod 555 foo/</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÚÁÄÁÎ ×ÅÄÕÝÉÊ ÓÌÜÛ, ÔÏ &man.chmod.1; ÂÕÄÅÔ
|
||
ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÓÓÙÌËÅ <filename>foo</filename>,
|
||
ÍÅÎÑÑ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>bar</filename>.</para>
|
||
</warning>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="dos-binaries">
|
||
<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÄÌÑ DOS ×Ï &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ. ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ DOS
|
||
<package>emulators/doscmd</package> ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ×
|
||
ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÀ ðÏÒÔÏ× &os;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ <application>doscmd</application> ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ,
|
||
<package>emulators/pcemu</package> ÜÍÕÌÉÒÕÅÔ 8088 É ÎÁÂÏÒ
|
||
ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ× BIOS, ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ
|
||
ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ DOS. ôÒÅÂÕÅÔÓÑ X Window System.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ëÏÌÌÅËÃÉÉ ðÏÒÔÏ× &os; ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ
|
||
<package>emulators/dosbox</package>. ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ
|
||
ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÜÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÓÔÁÒÙÈ ÉÇÒ, ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÄ DOS,
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÌÏËÁÌØÎÁÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÁÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="translation">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÍÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÅÒÅ×ÅÓÔÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ &os; ÎÁ
|
||
ÒÏÄÎÏÊ ÑÚÙË?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÚÎÁËÏÍØÔÅÓØ Ó <link
|
||
xlink:href="&url.books.fdp-primer;/translations.html"><acronym>FAQ</acronym>
|
||
ÐÏ ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄÁÍ</link> ÉÚ &os; Documentation Project
|
||
Primer.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="freebsd-mail-bounces">
|
||
<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÏÑ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÁÑ ÐÏÞÔÁ, ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÎÁÑ ÎÁ
|
||
ÌÀÂÏÊ ÉÚ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× <systemitem class="fqdomainname">FreeBSD.org</systemitem>?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ <systemitem class="fqdomainname">FreeBSD.org</systemitem>
|
||
× <application>Postfix</application> ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÅÊ ÐÏÞÔÙ, É ÏÔ×ÅÒÇÁÀÔÓÑ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÓÆÏÒÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÐÒÉ ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌËÅ ÌÉÂÏ
|
||
ËÁË-ÔÏ ÉÎÁÞÅ ÐÏÈÏÖÉ ÎÁ ÓÐÁÍ.
|
||
îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÊ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ SMTP ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÅ
|
||
ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ × ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÉÍÑ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ðÏÌÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÅ ÎÁ ÜÔÁÐÅ EHLO/HELO
|
||
× ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÏÂÍÅÎÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑÍÉ SMTP, ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÔØÓÑ
|
||
× IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ËÌÉÅÎÔÁ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÓÏ×ÅÔÙ ÐÏ ÄÏÓÔÁ×ËÅ ÐÉÓØÍÁ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>ðÉÓØÍÏ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÏ × ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ.
|
||
óÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ × ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ, ÎÅ
|
||
ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÉÍÅÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÏÌØÛÅ 200 ëÂÁÊÔ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>éÚÂÅÇÁÊÔÅ ÉÚÂÙÔÏÞÎÏÇÏ ËÒÏÓÓÐÏÓÔÉÎÇÁ. ÷ÙÂÅÒÉÔÅ
|
||
<emphasis>ÏÄÉÎ</emphasis> ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
|
||
ËÁÖÅÔÓÑ ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÍ.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ×Ó£ ÅÝ£ ÏÓÔÁÌÉÓØ ÔÒÕÄÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ
|
||
Ó ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÏÊ ÉÎÆÒÁÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÏÊ
|
||
<systemitem class="fqdomainname">FreeBSD.org</systemitem>,
|
||
ÏÔÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ó ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÍ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅÍ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ
|
||
<email>postmaster@freebsd.org</email>. õËÁÖÉÔÅ × Î£Í
|
||
×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÌÏÇÏ× —
|
||
É ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÍÙ ÄÅÒÖÉÍ ÖÕÒÎÁÌ ÐÏÞÔÏ×ÙÈ ÌÏÇÏ×
|
||
×ÓÅÇÏ ÚÁ ÎÅÄÅÌÀ.
|
||
(ïÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ÞÁÓÏ×ÏÊ ÐÏÑÓ ÉÌÉ ÒÁÚÎÉÃÕ × UTC.)</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="free-account">
|
||
<para>çÄÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÂÅÓÐÌÁÔÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>èÏÔÑ &os; ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÂÅÓÐÌÁÔÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÎÉ Ë ÏÄÎÏÍÕ ÉÚ
|
||
Ó×ÏÉÈ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏ×, ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ËÏÍÐÁÎÉÉ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ &unix;-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ Ó
|
||
ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÏÍ. óÔÏÉÍÏÓÔØ ÜÔÏÊ ÕÓÌÕÇÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÁ, ÔÁËÖÅ ËÁË É
|
||
ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ÕÓÌÕÇ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><link xlink:href="http://www.arbornet.org/">Arbornet, Inc</link>,
|
||
ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÊ ËÁË <emphasis>M-Net</emphasis>, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
|
||
Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÙÊ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë
|
||
&unix;-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍ Ó 1983 ÇÏÄÁ. îÁÞÉÎÁÑ ÎÁ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÅ Altos Ó
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÊ System III, ÓÁÊÔ ÐÅÒÅÛ£Ì ÎÁ BSD/OS × 1991.
|
||
÷ ÉÀÎÅ 2000 ÓÁÊÔ ÓÍÅÎÉÌ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÓÎÏ×Á, ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÎÁ &os;.
|
||
<emphasis>M-Net</emphasis> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÁ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ
|
||
<application>telnet</application> É <application>SSH</application>
|
||
É ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÐÏÌÎÏÍÕ ÎÁÂÏÒÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ
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||
&os;. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë ÓÅÔÉ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÞÌÅÎÏ× É ÓÐÏÎÓÏÒÏ×,
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||
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ËÁË ÎÅÐÒÉÂÙÌØÎÁÑ
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||
ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÑ. <emphasis>M-Net</emphasis> ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ
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||
ÕÓÌÕÇÉ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÎÎÏÊ ÄÏÓËÉ ÏÂßÑ×ÌÅÎÉÊ (BBS) É ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÇÏ
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||
ÞÁÔÁ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
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||
</qandaentry>
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||
<qandaentry>
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||
<question xml:id="daemon-name">
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||
<para>ëÁË ÚÏ×ÕÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÏÇÏ ÓÉÍÐÁÔÉÞÎÏÇÏ ËÒÁÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÎÑ?</para>
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||
</question>
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<answer>
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<para>õ ÎÅÇÏ ÎÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ, ÏÎ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
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<quote>ÄÁÅÍÏÎ BSD</quote>. åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÐÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÍÑ,
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ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÊÔÅ ÅÇÏ <quote>beastie</quote>. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
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<quote>beastie</quote> ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ËÁË <quote>BSD</quote>.</para>
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<para>âÏÌØÛÅ Ï ÄÁÅÍÏÎÅ BSD ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ÉÚ ÅÇÏ <link
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xlink:href="http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/index.html">ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÊ
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ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ</link>.</para>
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</answer>
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<qandaentry>
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<question xml:id="use-beastie">
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<para>íÏÇÕ ÌÉ Ñ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ BSD?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>÷ÐÏÌÎÅ. ðÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ BSD ÉÍÅÅÔ Marshall Kirk
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McKusick. äÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ
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ÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ Á×ÔÏÒÁ <link
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xlink:href="http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/mainpage/copyright.html">Statement
|
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on the Use of the BSD Daemon Figure</link>.</para>
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<para>÷ ÏÂÝÅÍ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×
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×ÙÓÏËÏÈÕÄÏÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ÓÔÉÌÅ É × ÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÃÅÌÑÈ, ÅÓÌÉ ÄÁÀÔÓÑ
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&a.mckusick.email;. äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ
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ÎÁ <link
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xlink:href="http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/index.html">ÄÏÍÁÛÎÅÊ
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ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ äÁÅÍÏÎÁ BSD</link>.</para>
|
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question xml:id="daemon-images">
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<para>îÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ Õ ×ÁÓ ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÊ ÄÁÅÍÏÎÁ BSD, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ
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ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>÷ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ <filename>/usr/share/examples/BSD_daemon/</filename>
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ÅÓÔØ ÒÉÓÕÎËÉ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ eps É Xfig.</para>
|
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question xml:id="glossary">
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<para>ðÒÉ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅ ÓÐÉÓËÏ× ÒÁÓÓÙÌËÉ, Ñ ×ÓÔÒÅÔÉÌ ÁËÒÏÎÉÍ ÉÌÉ
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ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÔÅÒÍÉÎ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÍÎÅ ÎÅ ÐÏÎÑÔÅÎ. çÄÅ Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ,
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ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÚÎÁÞÉÔ?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ Ë <link
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xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/freebsd-glossary.html">çÌÏÓÓÁÒÉÀ
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&os;</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
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|
||
<qandaentry>
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||
<question xml:id="bikeshed-painting">
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<para>ðÏÞÅÍÕ Ñ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÅÓÐÏËÏÉÔØÓÑ Ï Ã×ÅÔÅ ×ÅÌÏÓÉÐÅÄÎÙÈ ÎÁ×ÅÓÏ×
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||
(bikeshed)?</para>
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</question>
|
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<answer>
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<para>îÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ, ÏÞÅÎØ ËÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ,
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||
ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ. åÓÌÉ ÄÁ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÙÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ, ÔÏ ×ÁÛÅ
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ÕÍÅÎÉÅ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÎÁ×ÅÓÙ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÒÅÐÑÔÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ
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||
ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÉÈ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÒÁ×ÉÔÓÑ Ã×ÅÔ, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
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||
ÏÎÉ ÓÏÂÉÒÁÀÔÓÑ ÉÈ ÏËÒÁÛÉ×ÁÔØ. üÔÁ ÍÅÔÁÆÏÒÁ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ
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||
ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÔØ ËÁÖÄÕÀ ÍÅÌÏÞØ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÏÔÏÍÕ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÚÎÁÅÔÅ Ï ÎÅÊ
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||
ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÎÏÇÏ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÌÀÄÉ ÏÔÍÅÞÁÀÔ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂß£Í ÛÕÍÁ, ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ
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ÐÒÉ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ, ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ
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ÓÌÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>âÏÌÅÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÎÙÊ É ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÏÞÅÎØ
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||
ÄÏÌÇÏÇÏ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÌÉ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ &man.sleep.1; ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ
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||
ÄÒÏÂÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ, ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÅ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ×ÔÏÒÏÇÏ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ, &a.phk.email;
|
||
ÏÐÕÂÌÉËÏ×ÁÌ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ, ÏÚÁÇÌÁ×ÌÅÎÎÏÅ <quote><link xlink:href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/getmsg.cgi?fetch=506636+517178+/usr/local/www/db/text/1999/freebsd-hackers/19991003.freebsd-hackers">
|
||
÷ÅÌÏÓÉÐÅÄÎÙÊ ÎÁ×ÅÓ (ÐÏÄÓÔÁ×ØÔÅ ÚÄÅÓØ Ã×ÅÔ) ÎÁ ÚÅÌ£ÎÏÊ ÔÒÁ×Å...</link></quote>.
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óÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÞÁÓÔÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÃÉÔÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÎÉÖÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<attribution>&a.phk.email; on freebsd-hackers,
|
||
October 2, 1999</attribution>
|
||
|
||
<para><quote>þÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÚÁ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÑ Ó ÎÁ×ÅÓÏÍ ÄÌÑ ×ÅÌÏÓÉÐÅÄÁ?</quote> ëÔÏ-ÔÏ
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ÉÚ ×ÁÓ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÌ ÔÁËÏÊ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ.</para>
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||
|
||
<para>üÔÏ ÄÏÌÇÁÑ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÑ, ÉÌÉ ÖÅ ÜÔÏ ÓÔÁÒÁÑ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÑ, ÎÏ ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ
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||
ÏÎÁ ËÏÒÏÔËÁ. ÷ ÎÁÞÁÌÅ 1960-È ÇÏÄÏ× ðÁÒËÉÎÓÏÎ (C. Northcote Parkinson)
|
||
ÎÁÐÉÓÁÌ ËÎÉÇÕ <quote>úÁËÏÎ ðÁÒËÉÎÓÏÎÁ</quote>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ
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ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙÈ ×ÚÇÌÑÄÏ× ÎÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.</para>
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|
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<para><emphasis>[ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÙÄÅÒÖÅË ÉÚ ËÒÁÔËÏÇÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÑ ËÎÉÇÉ]</emphasis></para>
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<para>÷ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÍ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ×ÅÌÏÓÉÐÅÄÎÙÊ ÎÁ×ÅÓ ÓÏÐÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ Ó
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ÄÒÕÇÉÍ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ ÏÂßÅËÔÏÍ - ÁÔÏÍÎÏÊ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÓÔÁÎÃÉÅÊ.
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ñ ÐÏÌÁÇÁÀ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÄÒÅ×ÎÏÓÔØ ËÎÉÇÉ.</para>
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<para>ðÁÒËÉÎÓÏÎ ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÉÊÔÉ ÎÁ ÓÏ×ÅÝÁÎÉÅ
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ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ É ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÄÏÂÒÏ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÏÉÔÅÌØÓÔ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÏÍÉÌÌÉÏÎÎÏÊ
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ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ ÍÎÏÇÏÍÉÌÌÉÁÒÄÎÏÊ ÁÔÏÍÎÏÊ ÜÌÅËÔÒÏÓÔÁÎÃÉÉ, ÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù
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ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÑÈ.</para>
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<para>ðÁÒËÉÎÓÏÎ ÏÂßÑÓÎÑÅÔ ÜÔÏ ÔÅÍ, ÞÔÏ ÁÔÏÍÎÁÑ ÓÔÁÎÃÉÑ ÎÁÓÔÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ,
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ÄÏÒÏÇÏÊ É ÓÌÏÖÎÙÊ ÏÂßÅËÔ, ÞÔÏ ÌÀÄÉ ÎÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÅÇÏ ÏÓÏÚÎÁÔØ É ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ,
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ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÏÎÉ ÐÏÌÁÇÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ËÔÏ-ÔÏ ÕÖÅ
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òÉÞÁÒÄ ð. æÅÊÎÍÁÎÎ (Richard P. Feynmann) ÄÁ£Ô ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙÈ É
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ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÕÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏ×, Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÈ Ó ìÏÓ áÌÁÍÏÓ.</para>
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<para>÷ÅÌÏÓÉÐÅÄÎÙÊ ÎÁ×ÅÓ - ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÙÊ ÓÌÕÞÁÊ. ìÀÂÏÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ
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ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÎÁ×ÅÓ ÚÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÕÉËÜÎÄ, É Õ ÎÅÇÏ ÅÝ£ ÏÓÔÁÎÅÔÓÑ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ
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ÆÕÔÂÏÌ ÐÏ ÔÅÌÅ×ÉÚÏÒÕ. ôÁË ÞÔÏ ÎÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ×Ù ÇÏÔÏ×ÉÌÉÓØ
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Ë ÏÂÓÕÖÄÅÎÉÀ, ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÌØÎÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÁÛÉ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÙ, ËÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ
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×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÛÁÎÓÏÍ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÚÒÑ ÅÓÔ Ó×ÏÊ ÈÌÅÂ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎ
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ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔ ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎ <emphasis>ÚÄÅÓØ</emphasis>.</para>
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<para>÷ äÁÎÉÉ ÜÔÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ <quote>ÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔÏË Ó×ÏÅÇÏ
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ÐÁÌØÃÁ</quote>. üÔÏ ËÁÓÁÅÔÓÑ ÌÉÞÎÏÊ ÇÏÒÄÏÓÔÉ É ÐÒÅÓÔÉÖÁ, ÜÔÏ ÐÏÈÏÖÅ
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||
ÎÁ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ËÕÄÁ-ÔÏ É ÓËÁÚÁÔØ: <quote> ÷ÏÎ ÔÁÍ! üÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÌ
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<emphasis>Ñ</emphasis>.</quote> üÔÏ ÓÉÌØÎÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÏ × ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÁÈ, ÎÏ
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ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÌÀÄÑÈ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ
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ÜÔÏ. ðÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÓÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ Ï ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔËÁÈ ÎÏÇ ×Ï ×ÌÁÖÎÏÍ ÃÅÍÅÎÔÅ.</para>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="funnies">
|
||
<title>àÍÏÒ ÏÔ &os;</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
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||
<qandaentry>
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<question xml:id="very-very-cool">
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<para>îÁÓËÏÌØËÏ ÇÒÅÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ &os;?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>÷. ëÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÄÅÌÁÌ ÚÁÍÅÒÙ ÔÅÍÐÅÒÁÔÕÒÙ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ &os;? ñ
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<para>ï. îÅÔ, ÎÏ ÍÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÌÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ËÕÓÏ×ÙÅ ÔÅÓÔÙ Õ ÄÏÂÒÏ×ÏÌØÃÅ× Ó
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ÚÁ×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÇÌÁÚÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÎÑÌÉ ÐÏ 250 ÍÉËÒÏÇÒÁÍÍ
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LSD-25. 35% ÄÏÂÒÏ×ÏÌØÃÅ× ÚÁÑ×ÉÌÏ, ÞÔÏ &os; ÉÍÅÅÔ ×ËÕÓ ÁÐÅÌØÓÉÎÁ,
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ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË ×ËÕÓ &linux; ÒÁÓÃÅÎÉ×ÁÌÓÑ ËÁË ÆÉÏÌÅÔÏ×ÙÊ ÔÕÍÁÎ. îÉ ÏÄÎÁ
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ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÉ, ÞÔÏ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÄÏÂÒÏ×ÏÌØÃÅ× ÐÏËÉÎÕÌÉ ÐÏÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ×Ï
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×ÒÅÍÑ ÔÅÓÔÏ×, ÞÔÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÓÍÁÚÁÌÏ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ. äÕÍÁÅÍ, ÞÔÏ
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ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ÔÅÐÌÏ ÎÁ ÅÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÉ, ÎÏ, ËÁË ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ,
|
||
Õ ÎÅÇÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÅ ÏÈÌÁÖÄÅÎÉÅ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÒÁÅÔÅÓØ,
|
||
×ÓÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÏ ÂÙÔØ × ÐÏÒÑÄËÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><emphasis>ðÏÌ òÏÂÉÎÓÏÎ (Paul Robinson)
|
||
ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ:</emphasis></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÔØ É ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ. ëÁË ÚÎÁÅÔ ËÁÖÄÙÊ ÈÏÒÏÛÉÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ
|
||
ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ, ÞÁÓÔØÀ ÈÏÒÏÛÅÊ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÙÌËÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÎÁ
|
||
ÜËÒÁÎ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÆÅÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÂÒÁÚÕÀÔ ËÁÒÔÉÎËÕ,
|
||
ÂÙÌÉ ÓÞÁÓÔÌÉ×Ù. üËÒÁÎÎÙÅ ÆÅÉ (ÞÁÓÔÏ ÎÅÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
|
||
<quote>ÐÉËÓÅÌÁÍÉ</quote>) ÒÁÚÌÉÞÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ Ã×ÅÔÕ ÇÏÌÏ×ÎÙÈ ÕÂÏÒÏ×,
|
||
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÏÎÉ ÎÏÓÑÔ
|
||
(ËÒÁÓÎÙÅ, ÚÅÌÅÎÙÅ ÉÌÉ ÓÉÎÉÅ), É ÐÒÑÞÕÔÓÑ ÉÌÉ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ (ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÑ,
|
||
ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, Ã×ÅÔ Ó×ÏÉÈ ÛÌÑÐ), ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀÔ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÉÝÉ.
|
||
÷ÉÄÅÏÁÄÁÐÔÅÒÙ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÕÀÔ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ × ÅÄÕ ÄÌÑ ÆÅÊ, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÀÔ
|
||
ÅÅ ÆÅÑÍ — ÞÅÍ ÄÏÒÏÖÅ ÁÄÁÐÔÅÒ, ÔÅÍ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÅÄÁ, ÔÅÍ ÌÕÞÛÅ
|
||
×ÅÄÕÔ ÓÅÂÑ ÆÅÉ. ïÎÉ ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ × ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÉÍÕÌÑÃÉÉ
|
||
— ×ÏÔ ÚÁÞÅÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÈÒÁÎÉÔÅÌÉ ÜËÒÁÎÏ×.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ðÒÏÄÏÌÖÉ× ÎÁÛÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÄÁ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ËÏÎÓÏÌØ, ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÑ ÆÅÑÍ ÉÈ
|
||
ÐÏÔÒÅÂÌÑÔØ. üÔÏ ×Ï×ÓÅ ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ Ë ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÅÎÉÀ ×ÙÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÔÅÐÌÁ,
|
||
ÆÅÉ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ ÓÞÁÓÔÌÉ×Ù, Á ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÉÓÞÅÚÁÀÔ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ
|
||
ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÍ ÜËÒÁÎÅ ×ÓÅ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÈÁÏÔÉÞÎÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÂÙ×ÛÉÊ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒ ËÒÕÐÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÉÍÅÌ
|
||
ÍÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÕÀ ÔÅÍÐÅÒÁÔÕÒÕ ×
|
||
ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÎÏÊ ËÏÍÎÁÔÅ, Ñ ×ÙÓÔÕÐÁÀ ÐÒÏÔÉ× ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÌÀÄÉ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÌÉ
|
||
ÎÅÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÉÍ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ × ÓÅÔØ. ÷ÏÌÛÅÂÎÉËÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÀÔ
|
||
ËÏÍÍÕÔÁÃÉÀ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× É ÍÁÒÛÒÕÔÉÚÁÃÉÀ, ÜÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÑÅÔ.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="advanced">
|
||
<title>óÌÏÖÎÙÅ ÔÅÍÙ</title>
|
||
|
||
<qandaset>
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="learn-advanced">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅ Ï ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÍ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>óÐÉÓÏË ÏÔÎÏÓÑÝÉÈÓÑ Ë ÄÅÌÕ ËÎÉÇ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ
|
||
òÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/bibliography-osinternals.html">
|
||
âÉÂÌÉÏÇÒÁÆÉÑ ÐÏ ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÍÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ
|
||
ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ</link>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÏÂÝÉÈ ÚÎÁÎÉÊ Ï &unix; ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ
|
||
ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÏ Ë &os;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="how-to-contribute">
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÏËÁÚÁÔØ ÐÏÍÏÝØ ÐÒÏÅËÔÕ &os;?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ <link xlink:href="&url.articles.contributing;/article.html">ÓÔÁÔØÅ</link>,
|
||
× ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÓÏ×ÅÔÙ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.
|
||
÷ÁÛÁ ÐÏÍÏÝØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÍ ÐÒÉ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔÓÑ!</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="define-snap-release">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÔÁËÏÅ ÓÎÁÐÛÏÔÙ É ÒÅÌÉÚÙ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ <link
|
||
xlink:href="http://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/base/">èÒÁÎÉÌÉÝÅ
|
||
Subversion</link> ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ &rel.numbranch;
|
||
ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ/ÐÏÌÕÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÒÁÚ×É×ÁÀÝÉÈÓÑ ×ÅÔËÉ &os;. (âÏÌÅÅ
|
||
ÒÁÎÎÉÅ ×ÅÔËÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ ÏÞÅÎØ ÒÅÄËÏ, ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×
|
||
ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ÔÏÌØËÏ &rel.numbranch; ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ×ÅÔËÉ):</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>&rel3.releng;, ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË
|
||
&rel3.stable;</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>&rel2.releng;, ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË
|
||
&rel2.stable;</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>&rel.releng;, ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË
|
||
&rel.stable;</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>&rel.head.releng;, ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁÑ ËÁË
|
||
<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> É &rel.head;</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para><literal>HEAD</literal> - ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÔÜÇ ×ÅÔËÉ.
|
||
üÔÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÁÑ ËÏÎÓÔÁÎÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ,
|
||
ÎÅ ×ÅÔ×ÑÝÅÇÏÓÑ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏÓÑ × ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ÄÅÒÅ×Á, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ
|
||
<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>îÁ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÓÑ × ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ÄÅÒÅ×ÏÍ &rel.head.relx;;
|
||
×ÅÔËÁ &rel.stable;, &rel.releng;,
|
||
ÏÔÄÅÌÉÌÁÓØ ÏÔ <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> &rel.relengdate;
|
||
ÇÏÄÁ, Á ×ÅÔËÁ &rel2.stable;,
|
||
&rel2.releng;, ÏÔÄÅÌÉÌÁÓØ ÏÔ
|
||
<emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> &rel2.relengdate;.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="ctm">
|
||
<para>íÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó <emphasis>-CURRENT</emphasis> ÐÒÉ
|
||
ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÍ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅ × Internet?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>äÁ, ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ <emphasis>ÂÅÚ</emphasis> ÓËÁÞÉ×ÁÎÉÑ
|
||
ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÄÅÒÅ×Á ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ× Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ <link xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/synching.html#ctx">ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ
|
||
CTM</link>.</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="submitting-kernel-extensions">
|
||
<para>ñ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÌ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ë ÑÄÒÕ, ËÏÍÕ ÅÇÏ ÐÏÓÌÁÔØ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅÓØ Ë ÓÔÁÔØÅ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË <link xlink:href="&url.articles.contributing;/article.html">ÐÏÍÏÞØ ÐÒÏÅËÔÕ
|
||
&os;</link>, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ, ËÁË ÜÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>é ÓÐÁÓÉÂÏ ÷ÁÍ ÚÁ ÷ÁÛÉ ÕÓÉÌÉÑ!</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="kernel-panic-troubleshooting">
|
||
<para>þÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÐÒÉ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÍ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Å ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>÷ÏÔ ÔÉÐÉÞÎÁÑ ÐÁÎÉËÁ ÑÄÒÁ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>Fatal trap 12: page fault while in kernel mode
|
||
fault virtual address = 0x40
|
||
fault code = supervisor read, page not present
|
||
instruction pointer = 0x8:0xf014a7e5
|
||
stack pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f24
|
||
frame pointer = 0x10:0xf4ed6f28
|
||
code segment = base 0x0, limit 0xfffff, type 0x1b
|
||
= DPL 0, pres 1, def32 1, gran 1
|
||
processor eflags = interrupt enabled, resume, IOPL = 0
|
||
current process = 80 (mount)
|
||
interrupt mask =
|
||
trap number = 12
|
||
panic: page fault</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ. úÄÅÓØ ×ÁÖÎÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ, ÎÏ ÏÎÏ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÔ ÏÔ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ,
|
||
ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
|
||
ÑÄÒÁ. åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÑÄÒÏ <filename>GENERIC</filename> ÉÚ
|
||
ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÓÎÜÐÛÏÔÏ×, ÔÏ ËÔÏ-ÔÏ ÅÝ£ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÔÓÌÅÄÉÔØ
|
||
ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ, ×ÙÚ×Á×ÛÕÀ ÏÛÉÂËÕ, ÎÏ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓÏ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ
|
||
ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÑÄÒÏÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓËÁÚÁÔØ ÎÁÍ,
|
||
ÇÄÅ ÓÌÕÞÉÌÁÓØ ÏÛÉÂËÁ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<procedure>
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>úÁÐÉÛÉÔÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ,
|
||
ÞÔÏ ÞÁÓÔØ <literal>0x8:</literal> × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅ
|
||
×ÁÖÎÁ: ÎÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÁ ÞÁÓÔØ <literal>0xf0xxxxxx</literal>.</para>
|
||
</step>
|
||
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>ëÏÇÄÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔÓÑ, ÓÄÅÌÁÊÔÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÅ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>nm -n kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxxx</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>ÇÄÅ <literal>f0xxxxxx</literal> — ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
|
||
ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ. ïÄÎÁËÏ ÎÅÐÒÉÑÔÎÏÓÔØ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ×
|
||
ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÔÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÔÁË ËÁË ×
|
||
ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ ÉÍÅÎ ÑÄÒÁ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÞÅË ×ÈÏÄÁ × ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ ÄÁÎÙ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ
|
||
ÎÁ ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ, Á ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ
|
||
ËÕÄÁ-ÔÏ ×ÎÕÔÒØ Å£ ÔÅÌÁ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ ÔÏÞÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÑ, ÏÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ÃÉÆÒÕ × ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÉ
|
||
ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÊ É ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ ÓÎÏ×Á:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>nm -n kernel.that.caused.the.panic | grep f0xxxxx</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ É ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÌÏ ÎÉ Ë ËÁËÉÍ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁÍ, ÏÔÒÅÖØÔÅ
|
||
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÃÉÆÒÕ. ðÏ×ÔÏÒÑÊÔÅ, ÐÏËÁ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÈÏÔØ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ.
|
||
òÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏÍ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÆÕÎËÃÉÊ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ, ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ,
|
||
ÐÒÉ×ÅÌÉ Ë Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÍÕ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Õ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÏÛÉÂÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÎÅÔÏÞÅÎ, ÎÏ ÜÔÏ ×Ó£ ÖÅ ÌÕÞÛÅ,
|
||
ÞÅÍ ÎÉÞÅÇÏ.</para>
|
||
</step>
|
||
</procedure>
|
||
|
||
<para>ôÅÍ ÎÅ ÍÅÎÅÅ, ÌÕÞÛÉÍ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏÍ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÕ, ×ÙÚ×Á×ÛÕÀ
|
||
Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,
|
||
Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ &man.kgdb.1; ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÔÒÁÓÓÉÒÏ×ËÉ
|
||
×ÙÚÏ×Ï× × ÜÔÏÍ ÄÁÍÐÅ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÍÅÔÏÄ ÔÁËÏ×:</para>
|
||
|
||
<procedure>
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>õÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ × ÆÁÊÌÅ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ
|
||
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>makeoptions DEBUG=-g # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols</programlisting>
|
||
</step>
|
||
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅÊÄÉÔÅ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/usr/src</filename>:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /usr/src</userinput></screen>
|
||
</step>
|
||
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>óËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÑÄÒÏ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make buildkernel KERNCONF=<replaceable>MYKERNEL</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
||
</step>
|
||
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>äÏÖÄÉÔÅÓØ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ.</para>
|
||
</step>
|
||
|
||
<step>
|
||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL</userinput></screen>
|
||
</step>
|
||
|
||
<step>
|
||
<para>÷ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÕ.</para>
|
||
</step>
|
||
</procedure>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ <varname>KERNCONF</varname>, ÔÏ
|
||
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓÏÂÒÁÎÏ É
|
||
ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ÑÄÒÏ <filename>GENERIC</filename>.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
|
||
<para>÷ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ &man.make.1; ÂÕÄÕÔ
|
||
ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÙ Ä×Á ÑÄÒÁ,
|
||
<filename>/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel</filename>
|
||
É
|
||
<filename>/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel.debug</filename>.
|
||
<filename>kernel</filename> ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ËÁË
|
||
<filename>/boot/kernel/kernel</filename>, ÔÏÇÄÁ ËÁË
|
||
<filename>kernel.debug</filename> ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ ×
|
||
ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÙÈ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× ÄÌÑ &man.kgdb.1;.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÔØ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÄÁÍÐ, ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
|
||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> ÔÁË,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï <literal>dumpdev</literal> ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÌÏ ÎÁ
|
||
ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÐÏÄËÁÞËÉ ÉÌÉ ÉÍÅÌÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ <literal>AUTO</literal>.
|
||
÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ &man.rc.8; ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÙÚÙ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
|
||
&man.dumpon.8; ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÈ ÄÁÍÐÏ×. üÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
|
||
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ. ðÏÓÌÅ
|
||
Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÊ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÄÁÍÐ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎ Ó
|
||
ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ &man.savecore.8; ÅÓÌÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ
|
||
<literal>dumpdev</literal> ÂÙÌÏ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ×
|
||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, ÓËÒÉÐÔÙ &man.rc.8; ÚÁÐÕÓÔÑÔ
|
||
&man.savecore.8; Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ É ÐÏÍÅÓÔÑÔ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÄÁÍÐ ×
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ <filename>/var/crash</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÅ ÄÁÍÐÙ &os; ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ, ÒÁ×ÎÙÊ
|
||
ÏÂߣÍÕ ÏÐÅÒÁÔÉ×ÎÏÊ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÕÂÅÄÉÔÅÓØ × ÎÁÌÉÞÉÉ
|
||
ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÍÐÁ × ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ
|
||
<filename>/var/crash</filename>. ìÉÂÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ ×ÒÕÞÎÕÀ
|
||
&man.savecore.8;, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÄÁÍÐ × ÄÒÕÇÏÍ
|
||
ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ, ÇÄÅ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÍÅÓÔÁ. òÁÚÍÅÒ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ
|
||
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ, ÕËÁÚÁ× × ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ
|
||
<literal>options MAXMEM=N</literal>, ÇÄÅ
|
||
<replaceable>N</replaceable> — ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ × ëÂÁÊÔ
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÏÂߣÍÁ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÑÄÒÏÍ.
|
||
îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ 1 çÂÁÊÔ ïúõ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÁÍÑÔÉ ÑÄÒÏÍ × 128 íÂÁÊÔ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏÂÙ
|
||
ÒÁÚÍÅÒ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ ÂÙÌ ÒÁ×ÅÎ 128 íÂÁÊÔ, Á ÎÅ
|
||
1 çÂÁÊÔ.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
|
||
<para>ëÁË ÔÏÌØËÏ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÄÁÍÐ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎ, ÔÒÁÓÓÉÒÏ×ËÕ ×ÙÚÏ×Ï×
|
||
ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÔÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>kgdb /usr/obj/usr/src/sys/MYKERNEL/kernel.debug /var/crash/vmcore.0</userinput>
|
||
<prompt>(kgdb)</prompt> <userinput>backtrace</userinput></screen>
|
||
|
||
<para>úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÄÁÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÜËÒÁÎÏ×
|
||
ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ. ìÕÞÛÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
|
||
&man.script.1; ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒÅÈ×ÁÔÁ ×ÓÅÇÏ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ. ðÒÉ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÎÅÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÑÄÒÁ ÓÏ ×ÓÅÊ
|
||
ÏÔÌÁÄÏÞÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÁ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÁÑ
|
||
ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÑÄÒÁ, ÐÒÉ ÄÏÓÔÉÖÅÎÉÉ ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ
|
||
ÓÌÕÞÉÌÁÓØ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÁÑ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ. äÌÑ ×ÙÑÓÎÅÎÉÑ
|
||
ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÏÂÙÔÉÊ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÛÉÈ Ë Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÍÕ
|
||
ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Õ, ÔÒÁÓÓÉÒÏ×ËÁ ÓÔÅËÁ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÞÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÎÉÚÕ ××ÅÒÈ.
|
||
ôÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ &man.kgdb.1; ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ
|
||
ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÉÌÉ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ
|
||
ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ×Ï ×ÒÅÍÑ Á×ÁÒÉÉ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<tip>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ÅÓÔØ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒ, ÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ
|
||
&man.kgdb.1; ÄÌÑ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÔÏÞËÉ
|
||
ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á É ÐÏÛÁÇÏ×ÙÊ ÐÒÏÈÏÄ ÐÏ ËÏÄÕ ÑÄÒÁ.</para>
|
||
</tip>
|
||
|
||
<note>
|
||
<para>åÓÌÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÁ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ <literal>DDB</literal> É
|
||
ÑÄÒÏ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔ × ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÍÅÒÅÎÎÏ ×ÙÚ×ÁÔØ
|
||
Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÙÊ ÏÓÔÁÎÏ× É ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ, ÎÁÂÒÁ×
|
||
<literal>panic</literal> × ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ
|
||
<literal>ddb</literal>. ÷ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÅ ÆÁÚÙ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ
|
||
ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×Á ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÎÏ×Á ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØÓÑ Ó ×ÙÚÏ×ÏÍ ÏÔÌÁÄÞÉËÁ.
|
||
÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÁÂÅÒÉÔÅ <literal>continue</literal>, É
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁ×ÅÒۣΠÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅÍ Á×ÁÒÉÊÎÏÇÏ ÄÁÍÐÁ.</para>
|
||
</note>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="dlsym-failure">
|
||
<para>ðÅÒÅÓÔÁÌÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ <function>dlsym()</function>
|
||
ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÙÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ELF!</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó ÆÏÒÍÁÔÏÍ ELF ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ,
|
||
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÅ × ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ, ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÍÕ
|
||
ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÕ. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÚÏ×Å ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ
|
||
<function>dlsym()</function>, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÏÉÓË ÐÏ
|
||
ÄÅÓËÒÉÐÔÏÒÕ, ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÏÍÕ ÐÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÚÏ×Á <function>dlopen(NULL,
|
||
flags)</function>, ÖÅÌÁÅÍÙÊ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÄÏÓÔÉÇÎÕÔ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÉÔØ ÐÏÉÓË ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× × ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ
|
||
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ <function>dlsym()</function>,
|
||
×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔÅ ËÏÍÐÏÎÏ×ËÕ ÉÓÐÏÌÎÑÅÍÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ
|
||
<option>--export-dynamic</option> ËÏÍÐÏÎÏ×ÝÉËÁ ELF
|
||
(&man.ld.1;).</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
|
||
<qandaentry>
|
||
<question xml:id="change-kernel-address-space">
|
||
<para>ëÁË Ñ ÍÏÇÕ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÉÌÉ ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï
|
||
ÑÄÒÁ × ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÅ i386?</para>
|
||
</question>
|
||
|
||
<answer>
|
||
<para>ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á ÑÄÒÁ ÄÌÑ
|
||
i386 ÒÁ×ÅÎ 1 çÂÁÊÔ (2 çÂÁÊÔ ÄÌÑ PAE). äÌÑ
|
||
ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ Ó ÉÎÔÅÎÓÉ×ÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÏÊ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉ
|
||
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ZFS ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÅ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Ï, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
|
||
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ × ÆÁÊÌ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ ÑÄÒÁ É ÐÅÒÅÓÏÂÅÒÉÔÅ
|
||
ÑÄÒÏ:</para>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>options KVA_PAGES=<replaceable>N</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÎÕÖÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÄÌÑ
|
||
<replaceable>N</replaceable>, ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÅ ÖÅÌÁÅÍÙÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ
|
||
ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á (× ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÈ) ÎÁ ÞÅÔÙÒÅ (ÄÌÑ
|
||
2 çÂÁÊÔ ÜÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ <literal>512</literal>).</para>
|
||
</answer>
|
||
</qandaentry>
|
||
</qandaset>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
<chapter xml:id="acknowledgments">
|
||
<title>îÁÛÉ ÂÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÎÏÓÔÉ</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>üÔÏÔ ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÓËÒÏÍÎÙÊ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ Ó ÏÔ×ÅÔÁÍÉ ÎÁ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ
|
||
×ÏÐÒÏÓÙ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÌÓÑ, ÐÅÒÅÐÉÓÙ×ÁÌÓÑ, ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÌÓÑ, ÓÏËÒÁÝÁÌÓÑ,
|
||
ÒÁÓÔÑÇÉ×ÁÌÓÑ, ÕÒÏÄÏ×ÁÌÓÑ, ÐÏÔÒÏÛÉÌÓÑ, ÐÒÉÓÔÁÌØÎÏ ÒÁÚÇÌÑÄÙ×ÁÌÓÑ,
|
||
ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÐÅÒÅÔÒÑÈÉ×ÁÌÓÑ, ÏÂÄÕÍÙ×ÁÌÓÑ, ÏÔ×ÅÒÇÁÌÓÑ, ÐÅÒÅÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÌÓÑ,
|
||
ËÒÉÔÉËÏ×ÁÌÓÑ É ÓÎÏ×Á ÕËÒÅÐÌÑÌÓÑ × ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÇÏ ÄÅÓÑÔÉÌÅÔÉÑ ÓÉÌÁÍÉ
|
||
ÓÏÔÅÎ, ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÔÙÓÑÞ, ÌÀÄÅÊ. ðÏÓÔÏÑÎÎÏ.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>íÙ ÈÏÔÉÍ ÐÏÂÌÁÇÏÄÁÒÉÔØ ×ÓÅÈ ÉÈ É ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÁÅÍ ×ÁÓ <link xlink:href="&url.articles.contributing;/article.html">ÐÒÉÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØÓÑ</link>,
|
||
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏÔ <acronym>FAQ</acronym> ÅÝ£ ÌÕÞÛÅ.</para>
|
||
</chapter>
|
||
|
||
&bibliography;
|
||
</book>
|