Add in a reference to disk-layout.eps, replacing the ASCII art for non-text
users. Add much more information about the process of labelling a slice to create partitions.
This commit is contained in:
Nik Clayton
parent
cd53ebd94e
commit
09772d9161
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=10424
1 changed files with 301 additions and 104 deletions
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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<!--
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The FreeBSD Documentation Project
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml,v 1.93 2001/08/17 23:21:42 nik Exp $
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$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml,v 1.94 2001/08/20 21:46:50 nik Exp $
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-->
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<chapter id="install">
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@ -1493,7 +1493,13 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
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hierarchy, and <literal>f</literal> for the
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<filename>/usr</filename> directory hierarchy.</para>
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<literallayout class="monospaced">.-----------------. --. --.
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<mediaobject>
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<imageobject>
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<imagedata fileref="install/disk-layout" format="EPS">
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</imageobject>
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<textobject>
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<literallayout class="monospaced">.-----------------. --. --.
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| | | |
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| DOS / Windows | | | Partition c, no
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: : > First slice, ad0s1 > filesystem, all
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@ -1519,6 +1525,12 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
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| | | | |
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| | --' | |
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`-----------------' --' --'</literallayout>
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</textobject>
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<textobject>
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<phrase>Conceptual model of a disk</phrase>
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</textobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</example>
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</sect2>
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@ -1738,7 +1750,178 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="disklabeleditor">
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<title>Initial Disklabel Screen</title>
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<title>Creating Partitions using
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<application>Disklabel</application></title>
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<para>You must now create some partitions inside each slice that you
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have just created. Remember that each partition is lettered, from
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<literal>a</literal> through to <literal>h</literal>, and that
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partitions <literal>b</literal>, <literal>c</literal>, and
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<literal>d</literal> have conventional meanings that you should adhere
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to.</para>
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<para>Certain applications can benefit from particular partition
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schemes, especially if you are laying out partitions across more than
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one disk. However, for this, your first FreeBSD installation, you do
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not need to give too much thought to how you partition the disk. It
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is more important that you install FreeBSD and start learning how to
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use it. You can always re-install FreeBSD to change your partition
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scheme when you are more familiar with the operating system.</para>
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<para>This scheme features four partitions—one for swap space, and
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three for filesystems.</para>
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<table frame="none">
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<title>Partition Layout for First Disk</title>
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Partition</entry>
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<entry>Filesystem</entry>
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<entry>Size</entry>
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<entry>Description</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>a</literal></entry>
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<entry><filename>/</filename></entry>
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<entry>64MB</entry>
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<entry>This is the root file system. Every other filesystem
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will be mounted somewhere under this one. 64MB is a
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reasonable size for this filesystem. You will not be storing
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too much data on it, as a regular FreeBSD install will put
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about 40MB of data here. The remaining space is for temporary
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data, and also leaves expansion space if future versions of
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FreeBSD need more space in <filename>/</filename></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>b</literal></entry>
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<entry>N/A</entry>
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<entry>2-3 x RAM</entry>
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<entry><para>The system's swap space is kept on this partition.
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Choosing the right amount of swap space can be a bit of an
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art. A good rule of thumb is that you should have two or
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three times the amount of RAM as swap space. So if you have
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64MB of RAM then you should between 128MB and 196MB of swap.
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You should also have at least 64MB of swap, so if you have
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less than 32MB of RAM in your computer then set the swap
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amount to 64MB.</para><para>If you have more than one disk then you can put swap
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space on each disk. FreeBSD will then use each disk for
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swap, which effectively speeds up the act of swapping. In
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this case, calculate the total amount of swap you need
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(e.g., 128MB), and then divide this by the number of disks
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you have (e.g., two disks) to give the amount of swap you
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should put on each disk, in this example, 64MB of swap per
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disk.</para></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>e</literal></entry>
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<entry><filename>/var</filename></entry>
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<entry>50MB</entry>
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<entry>The <filename>/var</filename> directory contains variable
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length files; log files, and other administrative files. Many
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of these files are read-from or written-to extensively during
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FreeBSD's day-to-day running. Putting these files on another
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filesystem allows FreeBSD to optimise the access of these
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files without affecting other files in other directories that
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do not have the same access pattern.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>f</literal></entry>
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<entry><filename>/usr</filename></entry>
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<entry>Rest of disk</entry>
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<entry>All your other files will typically be stored in
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<filename>/usr</filename>, and its subdirectories.</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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<para>If you will be installing FreeBSD on to more than one disk then
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you must also create partitions in the other slices that you
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configured. The easiest way to do this is to create two partitions on
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each disk, one for the swap space, and one for a filesystem.</para>
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<table frame="none">
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<title>Partition Layout for Subsequent Disks</title>
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Partition</entry>
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<entry>Filesystem</entry>
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<entry>Size</entry>
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<entry>Description</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>b</literal></entry>
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<entry>N/A</entry>
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<entry>See description</entry>
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<entry>As already discussed, you can split swap space across
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each disk. Even though the <literal>a</literal> partition is
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free, convention dictates that swap space stays on the
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<literal>b</literal> partition.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>e</literal></entry>
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<entry>/disk<replaceable>n</replaceable></entry>
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<entry>Rest of disk</entry>
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<entry>The rest of the disk is taken up with one big partition.
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This could easily be put on the <literal>a</literal>
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partition, instead of the <literal>e</literal> partition.
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However, convention says that the <literal>a</literal>
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partition on a slice is reserved for the filesystem that will
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be the root (<filename>/</filename>) filesystem. You do not
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have to follow this convention, but
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<application>Sysinstall</application> does, so following it
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yourself makes the installation slightly cleaner. You can
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choose to mount this filesystem anywhere; this example
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suggests that you mount them as directories
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<filename>/disk<replaceable>n</replaceable></filename>, where
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<replaceable>n</replaceable> is a number that changes for each
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disk. But you can use another scheme if you prefer.</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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<para>Having chosen your partition layout you can now create it using
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<application>Sysinstall</application>. You will see this
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message.</para>
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<screen> Message
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Now, you need to create BSD partitions inside of the fdisk
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@ -1748,12 +1931,30 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
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more specific needs or just don't care for the layout chosen by
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(A)uto, press F1 for more information on manual layout.
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[ OK ]
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[ OK ] </screen>
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[ Press enter to continue ]</screen>
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<para>Press <keycap>Enter</keycap> to start the FreeBSD partition
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editor, called <application>Disklabel</application>.</para>
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<para>There are no partitions shown when you first enter the
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editor.</para>
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<para><xref linkend="sysinstall-label"> shows the display when you first
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start <application>Disklabel</application>. The display is divided in
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to three sections.</para>
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<para>The first few lines show the name of the disk you are currently
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working on, and the slice that contains the partitions you are
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creating (at this point <application>Disklabel</application> calls
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this the <literal>Partition name</literal> rather than slice name).
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This display also shows the amount of free space within the slice;
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that is, space that was set aside in the slice, but that has not yet
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been assigned to a partition.</para>
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<para>The middle of the display shows the partitions that have been
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created, the name of the filesystem that each partition contains,
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their size, and some options pertaining to the creation of the
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filesystem.</para>
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<para>The bottom third of the screen shows the keystrokes that are valid
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in <application>Disklabel</application>.</para>
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<figure id="sysinstall-label">
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<title>Sysinstall Disklabel Editor</title>
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@ -1765,16 +1966,13 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
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</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
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||||
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<para>Pressing <keycap>F1</keycap> will give instructions for using
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the DiskLabel Editor. Press <keycap>Q</keycap> to continue.</para>
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||||
</sect2>
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<sect2 id="partitionauto">
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<title>Auto Defaults for Partitions</title>
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<para>Pressing <keycap>A</keycap> displayed the suggested disklabels
|
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for this particular disk size. If a small hard disk is being used,
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the default values may be appropriate.</para>
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<para><application>Disklabel</application> can automatically create
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partitions for you, and assign them default sizes. Try this now, by
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Pressing <keycap>A</keycap>. You will see a display similar to that
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shown in <xref linkend="sysinstall-label2">. Depending on the size of
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the disk you are using the defaults may or may not be appropriate.
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This does not matter, as you do not have to accept the
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defaults.</para>
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<figure id="sysinstall-label2">
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<title>Sysinstall Disklabel Editor With Auto Defaults</title>
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@ -1785,106 +1983,105 @@ Mounting root from ufs:/dev/md0c
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</imageobject>
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</mediaobject>
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</figure>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="partitionchange">
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<title>Creating Custom Partitions</title>
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<para>To delete the suggested partitions, and replace them with your
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own, use the arrow keys to select the first partition, and press
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<keycap>D</keycap> to delete it. Repeat this to delete all the
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suggested partitions.</para>
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<para>Write down the auto defaults for all the file systems (/,
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swap, /var, /usr). Using the arrow keys, select the first
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partition ( / ) and press <keycap>D</keycap> to delete the
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partition. Delete all the partitions in the same manner.</para>
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<para>To create the first partition (<literal>a</literal>, mounted as
|
||||
<filename>/</filename>), make sure the disk information at the top of
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the screen is selected, and press <keycap>C</keycap>. A dialog box
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will appear prompting you for the size of the new partition (as shown
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in <xref linkend="sysinstall-label-add">). You can enter the size as
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||||
the number of disk blocks you want to use, or, more usefully, as a
|
||||
number followed by either <literal>M</literal> for megabytes,
|
||||
<literal>G</literal> for gigabytes, or <literal>C</literal> for
|
||||
cylinders.</para>
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||||
|
||||
<para>It is easiest to create the partitions in the same order
|
||||
shown by the auto default.</para>
|
||||
<figure id="sysinstall-label-add">
|
||||
<title>Free Space For Root Partition</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Example Custom Partition</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root1" format="PNG">
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</imageobject>
|
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</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To create the root partition, first press <keycap>C</keycap>
|
||||
and a dialog box will appear showing the total
|
||||
space available in blocks :</para>
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||||
<para>The default size shown will create a partition that takes up the
|
||||
rest of the slice. If you are using the partition sizes described
|
||||
earlier then delete the existing figure using
|
||||
<keycap>Backspace</keycap>, and then type in
|
||||
<userinput>64M</userinput>, as shown in
|
||||
<xref linkend="sysinstall-label-add2">. Then press
|
||||
<guibutton>OK</guibutton>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<figure id="sysinstall-label-add2">
|
||||
<title>Edit Root Partition Size</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<figure id="sysinstall-label-add">
|
||||
<title>Free Space For Root Partition</title>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root2" format="PNG">
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root1" format="PNG">
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<para>Having chosen the partition's size you will then asked whether
|
||||
this partition will contain a filesystem or swap space. The dialog
|
||||
box is shown in <xref linkend="sysinstall-label-type">. This first
|
||||
partition will contain a filesystem, so check that
|
||||
<guimenuitem>FS</guimenuitem> is selected and then press
|
||||
<keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This example will set the root partition to 100M. First, delete
|
||||
the entry using the <keycap>BACKSPACE</keycap> and enter the desired
|
||||
value :</para>
|
||||
<figure id="sysinstall-label-type">
|
||||
<title>Choose The Root Partition Type</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-fs" format="PNG">
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Finally, because you are creating a filesystem, you must tell
|
||||
<application>Disklabel</application> where the filesystem is to be
|
||||
mounted. The dialog box is shown in
|
||||
<xref linkend="sysinstall-label-mount">. The root filesystem's mount
|
||||
point is <filename>/</filename>, so type <userinput>/</userinput>, and
|
||||
then press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<figure id="sysinstall-label-add2">
|
||||
<title>Edit Root Partition Size</title>
|
||||
<figure id="sysinstall-label-mount">
|
||||
<title>Choose The Root Mount Point</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root2" format="PNG">
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root3" format="PNG">
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>With [OK] highlighted, then press <keycap>Enter</keycap>. The
|
||||
following dialog box will display :</para>
|
||||
<para>The display will then update to show you the newly created
|
||||
partition. You should repeat this procedure for the other
|
||||
partitions. When you create the swap partition you will not be
|
||||
prompted for the filesystem mount point, as swap partitions are never
|
||||
mounted. When you create the final partition,
|
||||
<filename>/usr</filename>, you can leave the suggested size as is, to
|
||||
use the rest of the slice.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<figure id="sysinstall-label-type">
|
||||
<title>Choose The Root Partition Type</title>
|
||||
<para>Your final FreeBSD DiskLabel Editor screen will appear similar to
|
||||
<xref linkend="sysinstall-label4">, although your values chosen may
|
||||
be different. Press <keycap>Q</keycap> to finish.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-fs" format="PNG">
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The root partition needs to be a file system. With "FS"
|
||||
and [OK] highlighted, press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The next dialog box to appear is to enter the mount
|
||||
point for the root partition. Enter "/" for the root partition
|
||||
mount point. With the [OK] highlighted, press
|
||||
<keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<figure id="sysinstall-label-mount">
|
||||
<title>Choose The Root Mount Point</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-root3" format="PNG">
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The swap, /var and /usr partitions are created in the
|
||||
same way. Be sure to choose "swap" as the filesystem type
|
||||
for the swap partition.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Generally the swap
|
||||
value is twice the amount of RAM in the system. For this
|
||||
system, the "swap" partition will be set to 516M.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The "/var" partition will be set to 100M and the "/usr"
|
||||
partition will get the remaining amount of disk space.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Your final FreeBSD DiskLabel Editor screen will appear similar
|
||||
although your values chosen may be different. Press
|
||||
<keycap>Q</keycap> to finish.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<figure id="sysinstall-label4">
|
||||
<title>Sysinstall Disklabel Editor</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-ed2" format="PNG">
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
<figure id="sysinstall-label4">
|
||||
<title>Sysinstall Disklabel Editor</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<mediaobject>
|
||||
<imageobject>
|
||||
<imagedata fileref="install/disklabel-ed2" format="PNG">
|
||||
</imageobject>
|
||||
</mediaobject>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue