Fix some grammatical errors.
This commit is contained in:
Jim Mock
parent
ed5dc939ef
commit
2f4179b7da
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=6725
2 changed files with 600 additions and 658 deletions
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@ -75,10 +75,10 @@
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convention.</para>
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<para>Localization settings are based on three main terms:
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Language Code, Country Code and Encoding. Locale name constructed
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with this three parts as follows:</para>
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Language Code, Country Code, and Encoding. Locale names are
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constructed from these parts as follows:</para>
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<programlisting>
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<programlisting>
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<replaceable>LanguageCode</replaceable>_<replaceable>CountryCode</replaceable>.<replaceable>Encoding</replaceable></programlisting>
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<sect2>
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@ -125,19 +125,16 @@
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<sect2>
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<title>Encodings</title>
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<para>Some languages use non-ASCII encodings
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that are 8-bit or 16-bit wide characters.
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Older applications do not recognize
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them and mistake them for control characters. Newer applications
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usually
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do recognize 8-bit characters. Depending on implementation, users
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may be required to compile an application with 16-bit support,
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or configure it correctly.
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To be able to input and process
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16-bit wide characters, the <ulink url="../ports/">FreeBSD Ports
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collection</ulink> has provided each language with different
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programs. Refer to the i18n documentation in the respective
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FreeBSD Port.</para>
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<para>Some languages use non-ASCII encodings that are 8-bit or
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16-bit wide characters. Older applications do not recognize them
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and mistake them for control characters. Newer applications
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usually do recognize 8-bit characters. Depending on the
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implementation, users may be required to compile an application
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with 16-bit support, or configure it correctly. To be able to
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input and process 16-bit wide characters, the <ulink
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url="../ports/">FreeBSD Ports collection</ulink> has provided
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each language with different programs. Refer to the i18n
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documentation in the respective FreeBSD Port.</para>
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<para>Specifically, the user needs to look at the application
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documentation to decide on how to configure it correctly or to
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@ -147,19 +144,18 @@
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Language specific 8-bit wide character sets, f.e.
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ISO_8859-1, KOI8-R, CP437.</para>
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<para>Language specific 8-bit wide character sets, i.e.,
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ISO_8859-1, KOI8-R, CP437.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>16-bit wide encodings, f.e. EUC, Big5.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>You can check active list of character sets at
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<para>You can check the active list of character sets at the
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<ulink
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url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registry</ulink>.</para>
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url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registry</ulink>.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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@ -169,24 +165,20 @@ url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registry</
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have been named with <literal>i18n</literal> in their names for
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easy identification. However, they do not always support the
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language needed.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="setting-locale">
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<title>Setting Locale</title>
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<para>Theoretically, one only needs to export the value of his/her
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locale name as <envar>LANG</envar>
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in the login shell and is usually done
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through the user's <filename>~/.login_conf</filename> or
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the user login shell configuration
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(<filename>~/.profile</filename>, <filename>~/.bashrc</filename>,
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<filename>~/.cshrc</filename>).
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This should set all of the locale
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subsets (such as <envar>LC_CTYPE</envar>,
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<envar>LC_CTIME</envar>, etc.).
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Please refer to
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language-specific FreeBSD documentation for more
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locale name as <envar>LANG</envar> in the login shell and is
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usually done through the user's
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<filename>~/.login_conf</filename> or the user login shell
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configuration (<filename>~/.profile</filename>,
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<filename>~/.bashrc</filename>, <filename>~/.cshrc</filename>).
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This should set all of the locale subsets (such as
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<envar>LC_CTYPE</envar>, <envar>LC_CTIME</envar>, etc.). Please
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refer to language-specific FreeBSD documentation for more
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information.</para>
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<para>You should set the following two values in your configuration
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@ -211,365 +203,348 @@ url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registry</
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<title>Setting Locale Methods</title>
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<para>There are two methods for setting locale, and both are
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described below. The first (recommended one) is by
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setting environment variables assignment in
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<link linkend="login-class">login class</link>,
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and the second is by adding environment variables assignment
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to the system's shell
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<link linkend="startup-file">startup file</link>.</para>
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described below. The first (recommended one) is by assigning
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the environment variables in <link linkend="login-class">login
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class</link>, and the second is by adding the environment
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variable assignments to the system's shell <link
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linkend="startup-file">startup file</link>.</para>
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<sect4 id="login-class">
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<title>Login Classes Method</title>
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<sect4 id="login-class">
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<title>Login Classes Method</title>
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<para>This method allows to assing environment
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variables needed for locale name and MIME character set once
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for every possible shell instead of adding specific shell assignment
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to each shell startup file.
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<link linkend="usr-setup">User Level Setup</link>
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can be done by an user himself and
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<link linkend="adm-setup">Administrator Level Setup</link> require
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superuser priviledges.</para>
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<para>This method allows environment variables needed for locale
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name and MIME character sets to be assigned once for every
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possible shell instead of adding specific shell assignments to
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each shell's startup file. <link linkend="usr-setup">User
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Level Setup</link> can be done by an user himself and <link
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linkend="adm-setup">Administrator Level Setup</link> require
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superuser priviledges.</para>
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<sect5 id="usr-setup">
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<title>User Level Setup</title>
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<sect5 id="usr-setup">
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<title>User Level Setup</title>
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<para>Here is minimal example of <filename>~/.login_conf</filename>
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file in user's home directory which have both variables set
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for Russian KOI8-R encoding:</para>
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<para>Here is a minimal example of a
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<filename>.login_conf</filename> file in user's home
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directory which has both variables set for Russian KOI8-R
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encoding:</para>
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<programlisting>
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<programlisting>
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me:My Account:\
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:charset=KOI8-R:\
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:lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:</programlisting>
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<para>See
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<link linkend="adm-setup">Administrator Level Setup</link>
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and
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&man.login.conf.5; for explanation.</para>
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<para>See <link linkend="adm-setup">Administrator Level
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Setup</link> and &man.login.conf.5; for more details.</para>
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</sect5>
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</sect5>
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<sect5 id="adm-setup">
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<title>Administrator Level Setup</title>
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<sect5 id="adm-setup">
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<title>Administrator Level Setup</title>
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<para>Check that <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> have the
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correct language user's class. Make sure these settings
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appear in <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>:</para>
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<para>Check that <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> have the
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correct language user's class. Make sure these settings appear
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in <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>
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<programlisting>
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<replaceable>language_name</replaceable>:<replaceable>accounts_title</replaceable>:\
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:charset=<replaceable>MIME_charset</replaceable>:\
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:lang=<replaceable>locale_name</replaceable>:\
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:tc=default:</programlisting>
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<para>So sticking with our previous example using Russian, it
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would look like this:</para>
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<programlisting>
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<para>So sticking with our previous example using Russian, it
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would look like this:</para>
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<programlisting>
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russian:Russian Users Accounts:\
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:charset=KOI8-R:\
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:lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:\
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:tc=default:</programlisting>
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<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.vipw.8;:</para>
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<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.vipw.8;</para>
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<para>Use <command>vipw</command> to add new users, and make the
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entry look like this:</para>
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<para>Use <command>vipw</command> to add new users, and make
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the entry look like this:</para>
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<programlisting>
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<programlisting>
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user:password:1111:11:<replaceable>language</replaceable>:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh</programlisting>
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<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.adduser.8;:</para>
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<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.adduser.8;</para>
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<para>Use <command>adduser</command> to add new users, and do
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the following:</para>
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<para>Use <command>adduser</command> to add new users, and do
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the following:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Set <programlisting>defaultclass = <replaceable>language</replaceable></programlisting>
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in <filename>/etc/adduser.conf</filename>. Keep in mind
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you must enter <literal>default</literal> class for all
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users of other languages in this case.</para>
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</listitem>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Set <literal>defaultclass =
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<replaceable>language</replaceable></literal> in
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<filename>/etc/adduser.conf</filename>. Keep in mind
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you must enter a <literal>default</literal> class for
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all users of other languages in this case.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>An alternative variant is answering the specified
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language each time that <screen><prompt>Enter login
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class:</prompt> default []:</screen> appears from
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&man.adduser.8;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>An alternative variant is answering the specified
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language each time that <screen><prompt>Enter login
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class:</prompt> default []:</screen> appears from
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&man.adduser.8;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Another alternative is to use the following for each
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user of a different language that you wish to add:</para>
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<listitem>
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<para>Another alternative is to use the following for each
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user of a different language that you wish to
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add:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser -class <replaceable>language</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser -class <replaceable>language</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.pw.8;:</para>
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<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.pw.8;</para>
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<para>If you use &man.pw.8; for adding new users, call it in
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this form:</para>
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<para>If you use &man.pw.8; for adding new users, call it in
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this form:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw useradd <replaceable>user_name</replaceable> -L <replaceable>language</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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</sect5>
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</sect4>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw useradd <replaceable>user_name</replaceable> -L <replaceable>language</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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</sect5>
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</sect4>
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<sect4 id="startup-file">
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<title>Shell Startup File Method</title>
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<sect4 id="startup-file">
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<title>Shell Startup File Method</title>
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<note>
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<para>This method is not recommended because require
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different setup for each possible login program choosed.
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Use <link linkend="login-class">Login Class Method</link>
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instead.</para>
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</note>
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<note>
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<para>This method is not recommended because it requires a
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different setup for each possible login program chosen. Use
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the <link linkend="login-class">Login Class Method</link>
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instead.</para>
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</note>
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<para>To add locale name and MIME character set
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just set the two environment variables shown below in
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the <filename>/etc/profile</filename> and/or
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<filename>/etc/csh.login</filename> shell startup files. We
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will use the Russian language as an example below:</para>
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<para>To add the locale name and MIME character set, just set
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the two environment variables shown below in the
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<filename>/etc/profile</filename> and/or
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<filename>/etc/csh.login</filename> shell startup files. We
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will use the Russian language as an example below:</para>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/profile</filename>:</para>
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<para>In <filename>/etc/profile</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>
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<programlisting>
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<envar>LANG=ru_RU.KOI8-R; export LANG</envar>
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<envar>MM_CHARSET=KOI8-R; export MM_CHARSET</envar></programlisting>
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<para>Or in <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>:</para>
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<para>Or in <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>
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<programlisting>
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<envar>setenv LANG ru_RU.KOI8-R</envar>
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<envar>setenv MM_CHARSET KOI8-R</envar></programlisting>
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<para>Alternatively, you can add the above instructions to
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<filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.profile</filename> (similar to
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what was used in <filename>/etc/profile</filename> above), or
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<filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.login</filename> (similar to what
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was used in <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename> above).</para>
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<para>Alternatively, you can add the above instructions to
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<filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.profile</filename> (similar to
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what was used in <filename>/etc/profile</filename> above), or
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<filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.login</filename> (similar to
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what was used in <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>
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above).</para>
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<para>For X11:</para>
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<para>For X11:</para>
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<para>In <filename>$HOME/.xinitrc</filename>:</para>
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<para>In <filename>$HOME/.xinitrc</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>
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<programlisting>
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<envar>LANG=ru_RU.KOI8-R; export LANG</envar></programlisting>
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<para>Or:</para>
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<para>Or:</para>
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<programlisting>
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<programlisting>
|
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<envar>setenv LANG ru_RU.KOI8-R</envar></programlisting>
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<para>Depending on your shell (see above).</para>
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</sect4>
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<para>Depending on your shell (see above).</para>
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</sect4>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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</sect2>
|
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<sect2 id="setting-console">
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<title>Console Setup</title>
|
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<sect2 id="setting-console">
|
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<title>Console Setup</title>
|
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|
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<para>For all 8-bit wide languages, set the correct console fonts
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in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> for the language in
|
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question with:</para>
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<para>For all 8-bit wide languages, set the correct console fonts
|
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in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> for the language in question
|
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with:</para>
|
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|
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<programlisting>
|
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<programlisting>
|
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font8x16=<replaceable>font_name</replaceable>
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font8x14=<replaceable>font_name</replaceable>
|
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font8x8=<replaceable>font_name</replaceable></programlisting>
|
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|
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<para><replaceable>font_name</replaceable> here taken from
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<filename>/usr/share/syscons/fonts</filename> directory,
|
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without <filename>.fnt</filename> suffix.</para>
|
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<para>The <replaceable>font_name</replaceable> here is taken from
|
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the <filename>/usr/share/syscons/fonts</filename> directory,
|
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without the <filename>.fnt</filename> suffix.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Also be sure to set the correct keymap and screenmap for
|
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your 8-bit language through
|
||||
<filename>/stand/sysinstall</filename>. Once inside sysinstall,
|
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choose <literal>Configure</literal>, then
|
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<literal>Console</literal>. Alternatively, you can add the
|
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following to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
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<para>Also be sure to set the correct keymap and screenmap for your
|
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8-bit language through <filename>/stand/sysinstall</filename>.
|
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Once inside sysinstall, choose <literal>Configure</literal>, then
|
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<literal>Console</literal>. Alternatively, you can add the
|
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following to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
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<programlisting>
|
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<programlisting>
|
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scrnmap=<replaceable>screenmap_name</replaceable>
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keymap=<replaceable>keymap_name</replaceable>
|
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keychange="<replaceable>fkey_number sequence</replaceable>"</programlisting>
|
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|
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<para><replaceable>screenmap_name</replaceable> here taken from
|
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<filename>/usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps</filename> directory,
|
||||
without <filename>.scm</filename> suffix.
|
||||
Screenmap with corresponding mapped font
|
||||
is usually needed as workaround for expanding
|
||||
bit 8 to bit 9 on VGA adapter font character matrix
|
||||
in pseudographics area, i.e.
|
||||
to move letters out of that area if screen font use bit 8
|
||||
column.</para>
|
||||
<para>The <replaceable>screenmap_name</replaceable> here is taken
|
||||
from the <filename>/usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps</filename>
|
||||
directory, without the <filename>.scm</filename> suffix. A
|
||||
screenmap with a corresponding mapped font is usually needed as a
|
||||
workaround for expanding bit 8 to bit 9 on a VGA adapter's font
|
||||
character matrix in pseudographics area, i.e., to move letters out
|
||||
of that area if screen font uses a bit 8 column.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you use &man.moused.8;, i.e. have
|
||||
following setting in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<para>According to the &man.moused.8; man page, you should have the
|
||||
following setting in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
moused_enable="YES"</programlisting>
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||||
|
||||
<para>and your screen font uses bit 8 column of font
|
||||
character matrix,
|
||||
be shure that you compile your kernel with</para>
|
||||
<para>If your screen font uses bit 8 column of font character
|
||||
matrix, be sure that you compile your kernel with the following
|
||||
options in your kernel configuration file to avoid bit 8 to bit 9
|
||||
expansion of the font character with the mouse cursor on VGA
|
||||
adapters.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03</programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>in your kernel configuration file to avoid
|
||||
bit 8 to bit 9 expansion of the font character
|
||||
under mouse cursor on VGA adapters.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>The <replaceable>keymap_name</replaceable> here is taken from
|
||||
the <filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</filename> directory,
|
||||
without the <filename>.kbd</filename> suffix.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><replaceable>keymap_name</replaceable> here taken from
|
||||
<filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</filename> directory,
|
||||
without <filename>.kbd</filename> suffix.</para>
|
||||
<para>The <literal>keychange</literal> is usually needed to program
|
||||
function keys to match the selected terminal type because
|
||||
function key sequences can not be defined in the key map.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><literal>keychange</literal> is usually needed
|
||||
to program function keys to match selected terminal
|
||||
type because function keys sequences can't be defined in
|
||||
key map.</para>
|
||||
<para>Also be sure to set the correct console terminal type in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename> for all <literal>ttyv*</literal>
|
||||
entries. Current pre-defined correspondences are:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Also be shure to set correct console terminal type in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename> for all
|
||||
<literal>ttyv*</literal> entries.
|
||||
Current pre-defined correspondences are:</para>
|
||||
<informaltable frame="none">
|
||||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Character Set</entry>
|
||||
<entry>Terminal Type</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
|
||||
<informaltable frame="none">
|
||||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Character Set</entry>
|
||||
<entry>Terminal Type</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>ISO-8859-1 or ISO-8859-15</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25l1</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>ISO-8859-1 or ISO-8859-15</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25l1</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25l2</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25l2</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>KOI8-R</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25r</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>KOI8-R</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25r</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>CP437 (hardware default)</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup>
|
||||
</informaltable>
|
||||
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>CP437 (hardware default)</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<para>For 16-bit wide languages, use the correct FreeBSD port in
|
||||
your <filename>/usr/ports/<replaceable>language</replaceable></filename>
|
||||
directory. Some ports appear as console while the system sees it
|
||||
as serial vtty's, hence you must reserve enough vtty's for both
|
||||
X11 and the pseudo-serial console. Here is a partial list of
|
||||
applications for using other languages in console:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup>
|
||||
</informaltable>
|
||||
<informaltable frame="none">
|
||||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Language</entry>
|
||||
<entry>Location</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>For 16-bit wide languages, use the correct FreeBSD Port in your
|
||||
<filename>/usr/ports/<replaceable>language</replaceable></filename>
|
||||
directory. Some ports appear as console while the systems sees
|
||||
it as serial vtty's, hence you must reserve enough vtty's for
|
||||
both X11 and the pseudo-serial console. Here is a partial list of
|
||||
applications for using other languages in console:</para>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Traditional Chinese (BIG-5)</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/chinese/big5con</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
|
||||
<informaltable frame="none">
|
||||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Language</entry>
|
||||
<entry>Location</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Japanese</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/japanese/ja-kon2-*</filename> or
|
||||
<filename>/usr/ports/japanese/Mule_Wnn</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Traditional Chinese (BIG-5)</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/chinese/big5con</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Korean</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/korean/ko-han</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup>
|
||||
</informaltable>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Japanese</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/japanese/ja-kon2-*</filename>
|
||||
or <filename>/usr/ports/japanese/Mule_Wnn</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>X11 Setup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Korean</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/korean/ko-han</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<para>Although X11 is not part of the FreeBSD Project, we have
|
||||
included some information here for FreeBSD users. For more
|
||||
details, refer to the <ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org/">XFree86
|
||||
website</ulink> or whichever X11 Server you use.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup>
|
||||
</informaltable>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
<para>In <filename>~/.Xresources</filename>, you can additionally
|
||||
tune application specific i18n settings (e.g., fonts, menus,
|
||||
etc.).</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>X11 Setup</title>
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Displaying Fonts</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Although X11 is not part of the FreeBSD Project, we have
|
||||
included some information here for FreeBSD users. For more
|
||||
details, refer to the <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.xfree86.org/">XFree86 website</ulink> or
|
||||
whichever X11 Server you use.</para>
|
||||
<para>Install the X11 True Type-Common server (XTT-common) and
|
||||
install the language truetype fonts. Setting the correct
|
||||
locale should allow you to view your selected language in menus
|
||||
and such.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In <filename>~/.Xresources</filename>, you can
|
||||
additionly tune
|
||||
application specific i18n settings (e.g., fonts, menus,
|
||||
etc.).</para>
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Inputting Non-English Characters</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Displaying Fonts</title>
|
||||
<para>The X11 Input Method (XIM) Protocol is a new standard for
|
||||
all X11 clients. All X11 applications should be written as XIM
|
||||
clients that take input from XIM Input servers. There are
|
||||
several XIM servers available for different languages.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Install the X11 True Type-Common server (XTT-common) and
|
||||
install the language truetype fonts. Setting the correct
|
||||
locale should allow you to view your selected language in
|
||||
menus and such.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Printer Setup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Inputting Non-English Characters</title>
|
||||
<para>8-bit characters are usually hardware coded into printers.
|
||||
16-bit characters require special setup and we recommend using
|
||||
<application>apsfilter</application>. You may also convert the
|
||||
document to Postscript or PDF formats using language specific
|
||||
converters.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The X11 Input Method (XIM) Protocol is a new standard for
|
||||
all X11 clients. All X11 applications should be written as XIM
|
||||
clients that take input from XIM Input servers. There are
|
||||
several XIM servers available for different languages.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Kernel and File Systems</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Printer Setup</title>
|
||||
<para>The FreeBSD FFS filesystem is 8-bit clean so can be used with
|
||||
any 8-bit wide character set, but there is no character set name
|
||||
stored in the filesystem; i.e., it is raw 8-bit and does not know
|
||||
anything about encoding order. FFS does not support any form of
|
||||
16-bit wide character sets yet.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>8-bit characters are usually hardware coded into printers.
|
||||
16-bit characters require special setup and we recommend using
|
||||
<command>apsfilter</command>.
|
||||
You may also convert the document to Postscript or
|
||||
PDF formats using language specific converters.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Kernel and File Systems</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>FreeBSD FFS filesystem is 8-bit clean so can be used
|
||||
with any 8-bit wide character set, but there is no character
|
||||
set name stored in filesystem, i.e. it is raw 8-bit and not
|
||||
knows anything about encoding order. FFS not support any
|
||||
form of 16-bit wide character sets yet.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>FreeBSD MSDOS filesystem have configurable
|
||||
ability to proceed conversion between
|
||||
MSDOS plus Unicode character sets and choosed
|
||||
FreeBSD filesystem character set, see
|
||||
&man.mount.msdos.8; for details.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
<para>The FreeBSD MSDOS filesystem has the configurable ability to
|
||||
convertbetween MSDOS plus Unicode character sets and choosen
|
||||
FreeBSD filesystem character sets. See &man.mount.msdos.8; for
|
||||
details.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
|
|
@ -652,24 +627,23 @@ options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03</programlisting>
|
|||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
<title>Localizing FreeBSD to Specific Language</title>
|
||||
<title>Localizing FreeBSD to Specific Languages</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Russian Language (KOI8-R encoding)</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><emphasis>Originally contributed by
|
||||
&a.ache;.</emphasis></para>
|
||||
&a.ache;.</emphasis></para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>See more info about KOI8-R encoding at <ulink
|
||||
<para>For more information about KOI8-R encoding, see the <ulink
|
||||
url="http://nagual.pp.ru/~ache/koi8.html">KOI8-R References
|
||||
(Russian Net Character Set)</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Locale Setup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Put following lines into
|
||||
your <filename>~/.login_conf</filename>
|
||||
file:</para>
|
||||
<para>Put the following lines into your
|
||||
<filename>~/.login_conf</filename> file:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
me:My Account:\
|
||||
|
|
@ -684,20 +658,19 @@ me:My Account:\
|
|||
<title>Console Setup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Add the following to your kernel configuration
|
||||
file:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Add</para>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03</programlisting>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03</programlisting>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Use following settings in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>to your kernel configuration file.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Use following settings in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
keymap="ru.koi8-r"
|
||||
keychange="61 ^[[K"
|
||||
scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866"
|
||||
|
|
@ -705,23 +678,21 @@ font8x16="cp866b-8x16"
|
|||
font8x14="cp866-8x14"
|
||||
font8x8="cp866-8x8"</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Note that <literal>^[</literal> here stands for real
|
||||
Escape character \033 entered directly in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, not for sequence of two
|
||||
characters '^' and '['.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>For each <literal>ttyv*</literal> entry in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename> use <literal>cons25r</literal>
|
||||
as terminal type.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<para>Note that the <literal>^[</literal> here stands for a
|
||||
real Escape character (\033) entered directly in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, not for sequence of two
|
||||
characters '^' and '['.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>For each <literal>ttyv*</literal> entry in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, use
|
||||
<literal>cons25r</literal>as the terminal type.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>See earlier in this chapter for examples of setting up the
|
||||
<link linkend="setting-console">console</link>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<link linkend="setting-console">console</link>.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
|
|
@ -805,9 +776,9 @@ FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi"</programlisting>
|
|||
<para>To activate a Russian keyboard add a
|
||||
<programlisting>XkbKeymap "xfree86(ru)"</programlisting>
|
||||
line into the <literal>"Keyboard"</literal>
|
||||
section in your <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> file. Also
|
||||
make sure that <literal>XkbDisable</literal> is turned off
|
||||
(commented out) there.</para>
|
||||
section in your <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> file.
|
||||
Also make sure that <literal>XkbDisable</literal> is turned
|
||||
off (commented out) there.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The RUS/LAT switch will be <literal>CapsLock</literal>.
|
||||
The old <literal>CapsLock</literal> function is still
|
||||
|
|
@ -824,8 +795,8 @@ FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi"</programlisting>
|
|||
NULL);</literal> function early in the program.
|
||||
See <ulink
|
||||
url="http://nagual.pp.ru/~ache/koi8/xwin.html">
|
||||
KOI8-R for X-Window</ulink> for more
|
||||
instructions for localizing X11 applications.</para>
|
||||
KOI8-R for X-Window</ulink> for more instructions on
|
||||
localizing X11 applications.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -75,10 +75,10 @@
|
|||
convention.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Localization settings are based on three main terms:
|
||||
Language Code, Country Code and Encoding. Locale name constructed
|
||||
with this three parts as follows:</para>
|
||||
Language Code, Country Code, and Encoding. Locale names are
|
||||
constructed from these parts as follows:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<replaceable>LanguageCode</replaceable>_<replaceable>CountryCode</replaceable>.<replaceable>Encoding</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
|
|
@ -125,19 +125,16 @@
|
|||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Encodings</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Some languages use non-ASCII encodings
|
||||
that are 8-bit or 16-bit wide characters.
|
||||
Older applications do not recognize
|
||||
them and mistake them for control characters. Newer applications
|
||||
usually
|
||||
do recognize 8-bit characters. Depending on implementation, users
|
||||
may be required to compile an application with 16-bit support,
|
||||
or configure it correctly.
|
||||
To be able to input and process
|
||||
16-bit wide characters, the <ulink url="../ports/">FreeBSD Ports
|
||||
collection</ulink> has provided each language with different
|
||||
programs. Refer to the i18n documentation in the respective
|
||||
FreeBSD Port.</para>
|
||||
<para>Some languages use non-ASCII encodings that are 8-bit or
|
||||
16-bit wide characters. Older applications do not recognize them
|
||||
and mistake them for control characters. Newer applications
|
||||
usually do recognize 8-bit characters. Depending on the
|
||||
implementation, users may be required to compile an application
|
||||
with 16-bit support, or configure it correctly. To be able to
|
||||
input and process 16-bit wide characters, the <ulink
|
||||
url="../ports/">FreeBSD Ports collection</ulink> has provided
|
||||
each language with different programs. Refer to the i18n
|
||||
documentation in the respective FreeBSD Port.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Specifically, the user needs to look at the application
|
||||
documentation to decide on how to configure it correctly or to
|
||||
|
|
@ -147,19 +144,18 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Language specific 8-bit wide character sets, f.e.
|
||||
ISO_8859-1, KOI8-R, CP437.</para>
|
||||
<para>Language specific 8-bit wide character sets, i.e.,
|
||||
ISO_8859-1, KOI8-R, CP437.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>16-bit wide encodings, f.e. EUC, Big5.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You can check active list of character sets at
|
||||
<para>You can check the active list of character sets at the
|
||||
<ulink
|
||||
url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registry</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registry</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
|
|
@ -169,24 +165,20 @@ url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registry</
|
|||
have been named with <literal>i18n</literal> in their names for
|
||||
easy identification. However, they do not always support the
|
||||
language needed.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="setting-locale">
|
||||
<title>Setting Locale</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Theoretically, one only needs to export the value of his/her
|
||||
locale name as <envar>LANG</envar>
|
||||
in the login shell and is usually done
|
||||
through the user's <filename>~/.login_conf</filename> or
|
||||
the user login shell configuration
|
||||
(<filename>~/.profile</filename>, <filename>~/.bashrc</filename>,
|
||||
<filename>~/.cshrc</filename>).
|
||||
This should set all of the locale
|
||||
subsets (such as <envar>LC_CTYPE</envar>,
|
||||
<envar>LC_CTIME</envar>, etc.).
|
||||
Please refer to
|
||||
language-specific FreeBSD documentation for more
|
||||
locale name as <envar>LANG</envar> in the login shell and is
|
||||
usually done through the user's
|
||||
<filename>~/.login_conf</filename> or the user login shell
|
||||
configuration (<filename>~/.profile</filename>,
|
||||
<filename>~/.bashrc</filename>, <filename>~/.cshrc</filename>).
|
||||
This should set all of the locale subsets (such as
|
||||
<envar>LC_CTYPE</envar>, <envar>LC_CTIME</envar>, etc.). Please
|
||||
refer to language-specific FreeBSD documentation for more
|
||||
information.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>You should set the following two values in your configuration
|
||||
|
|
@ -211,365 +203,348 @@ url="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/character-sets">IANA Registry</
|
|||
<title>Setting Locale Methods</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>There are two methods for setting locale, and both are
|
||||
described below. The first (recommended one) is by
|
||||
setting environment variables assignment in
|
||||
<link linkend="login-class">login class</link>,
|
||||
and the second is by adding environment variables assignment
|
||||
to the system's shell
|
||||
<link linkend="startup-file">startup file</link>.</para>
|
||||
described below. The first (recommended one) is by assigning
|
||||
the environment variables in <link linkend="login-class">login
|
||||
class</link>, and the second is by adding the environment
|
||||
variable assignments to the system's shell <link
|
||||
linkend="startup-file">startup file</link>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect4 id="login-class">
|
||||
<title>Login Classes Method</title>
|
||||
<sect4 id="login-class">
|
||||
<title>Login Classes Method</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>This method allows to assing environment
|
||||
variables needed for locale name and MIME character set once
|
||||
for every possible shell instead of adding specific shell assignment
|
||||
to each shell startup file.
|
||||
<link linkend="usr-setup">User Level Setup</link>
|
||||
can be done by an user himself and
|
||||
<link linkend="adm-setup">Administrator Level Setup</link> require
|
||||
superuser priviledges.</para>
|
||||
<para>This method allows environment variables needed for locale
|
||||
name and MIME character sets to be assigned once for every
|
||||
possible shell instead of adding specific shell assignments to
|
||||
each shell's startup file. <link linkend="usr-setup">User
|
||||
Level Setup</link> can be done by an user himself and <link
|
||||
linkend="adm-setup">Administrator Level Setup</link> require
|
||||
superuser priviledges.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect5 id="usr-setup">
|
||||
<title>User Level Setup</title>
|
||||
<sect5 id="usr-setup">
|
||||
<title>User Level Setup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Here is minimal example of <filename>~/.login_conf</filename>
|
||||
file in user's home directory which have both variables set
|
||||
for Russian KOI8-R encoding:</para>
|
||||
<para>Here is a minimal example of a
|
||||
<filename>.login_conf</filename> file in user's home
|
||||
directory which has both variables set for Russian KOI8-R
|
||||
encoding:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
me:My Account:\
|
||||
:charset=KOI8-R:\
|
||||
:lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>See
|
||||
<link linkend="adm-setup">Administrator Level Setup</link>
|
||||
and
|
||||
&man.login.conf.5; for explanation.</para>
|
||||
<para>See <link linkend="adm-setup">Administrator Level
|
||||
Setup</link> and &man.login.conf.5; for more details.</para>
|
||||
</sect5>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect5>
|
||||
<sect5 id="adm-setup">
|
||||
<title>Administrator Level Setup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect5 id="adm-setup">
|
||||
<title>Administrator Level Setup</title>
|
||||
<para>Check that <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> have the
|
||||
correct language user's class. Make sure these settings
|
||||
appear in <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Check that <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename> have the
|
||||
correct language user's class. Make sure these settings appear
|
||||
in <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<replaceable>language_name</replaceable>:<replaceable>accounts_title</replaceable>:\
|
||||
:charset=<replaceable>MIME_charset</replaceable>:\
|
||||
:lang=<replaceable>locale_name</replaceable>:\
|
||||
:tc=default:</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>So sticking with our previous example using Russian, it
|
||||
would look like this:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<para>So sticking with our previous example using Russian, it
|
||||
would look like this:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
russian:Russian Users Accounts:\
|
||||
:charset=KOI8-R:\
|
||||
:lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:\
|
||||
:tc=default:</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.vipw.8;:</para>
|
||||
<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.vipw.8;</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Use <command>vipw</command> to add new users, and make the
|
||||
entry look like this:</para>
|
||||
<para>Use <command>vipw</command> to add new users, and make
|
||||
the entry look like this:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
user:password:1111:11:<replaceable>language</replaceable>:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.adduser.8;:</para>
|
||||
<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.adduser.8;</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Use <command>adduser</command> to add new users, and do
|
||||
the following:</para>
|
||||
<para>Use <command>adduser</command> to add new users, and do
|
||||
the following:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Set <programlisting>defaultclass = <replaceable>language</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||||
in <filename>/etc/adduser.conf</filename>. Keep in mind
|
||||
you must enter <literal>default</literal> class for all
|
||||
users of other languages in this case.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Set <literal>defaultclass =
|
||||
<replaceable>language</replaceable></literal> in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/adduser.conf</filename>. Keep in mind
|
||||
you must enter a <literal>default</literal> class for
|
||||
all users of other languages in this case.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>An alternative variant is answering the specified
|
||||
language each time that <screen><prompt>Enter login
|
||||
class:</prompt> default []:</screen> appears from
|
||||
&man.adduser.8;</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>An alternative variant is answering the specified
|
||||
language each time that <screen><prompt>Enter login
|
||||
class:</prompt> default []:</screen> appears from
|
||||
&man.adduser.8;</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Another alternative is to use the following for each
|
||||
user of a different language that you wish to add:</para>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Another alternative is to use the following for each
|
||||
user of a different language that you wish to
|
||||
add:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser -class <replaceable>language</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>adduser -class <replaceable>language</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.pw.8;:</para>
|
||||
<para>Changing Login Classes with &man.pw.8;</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you use &man.pw.8; for adding new users, call it in
|
||||
this form:</para>
|
||||
<para>If you use &man.pw.8; for adding new users, call it in
|
||||
this form:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw useradd <replaceable>user_name</replaceable> -L <replaceable>language</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
||||
</sect5>
|
||||
</sect4>
|
||||
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pw useradd <replaceable>user_name</replaceable> -L <replaceable>language</replaceable></userinput></screen>
|
||||
</sect5>
|
||||
</sect4>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect4 id="startup-file">
|
||||
<title>Shell Startup File Method</title>
|
||||
<sect4 id="startup-file">
|
||||
<title>Shell Startup File Method</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>This method is not recommended because require
|
||||
different setup for each possible login program choosed.
|
||||
Use <link linkend="login-class">Login Class Method</link>
|
||||
instead.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>This method is not recommended because it requires a
|
||||
different setup for each possible login program chosen. Use
|
||||
the <link linkend="login-class">Login Class Method</link>
|
||||
instead.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>To add locale name and MIME character set
|
||||
just set the two environment variables shown below in
|
||||
the <filename>/etc/profile</filename> and/or
|
||||
<filename>/etc/csh.login</filename> shell startup files. We
|
||||
will use the Russian language as an example below:</para>
|
||||
<para>To add the locale name and MIME character set, just set
|
||||
the two environment variables shown below in the
|
||||
<filename>/etc/profile</filename> and/or
|
||||
<filename>/etc/csh.login</filename> shell startup files. We
|
||||
will use the Russian language as an example below:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In <filename>/etc/profile</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<para>In <filename>/etc/profile</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<envar>LANG=ru_RU.KOI8-R; export LANG</envar>
|
||||
<envar>MM_CHARSET=KOI8-R; export MM_CHARSET</envar></programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Or in <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<para>Or in <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<envar>setenv LANG ru_RU.KOI8-R</envar>
|
||||
<envar>setenv MM_CHARSET KOI8-R</envar></programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Alternatively, you can add the above instructions to
|
||||
<filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.profile</filename> (similar to
|
||||
what was used in <filename>/etc/profile</filename> above), or
|
||||
<filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.login</filename> (similar to what
|
||||
was used in <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename> above).</para>
|
||||
<para>Alternatively, you can add the above instructions to
|
||||
<filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.profile</filename> (similar to
|
||||
what was used in <filename>/etc/profile</filename> above), or
|
||||
<filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.login</filename> (similar to
|
||||
what was used in <filename>/etc/csh.login</filename>
|
||||
above).</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>For X11:</para>
|
||||
<para>For X11:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In <filename>$HOME/.xinitrc</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<para>In <filename>$HOME/.xinitrc</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<envar>LANG=ru_RU.KOI8-R; export LANG</envar></programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Or:</para>
|
||||
<para>Or:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<envar>setenv LANG ru_RU.KOI8-R</envar></programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Depending on your shell (see above).</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect4>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Depending on your shell (see above).</para>
|
||||
</sect4>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="setting-console">
|
||||
<title>Console Setup</title>
|
||||
<sect2 id="setting-console">
|
||||
<title>Console Setup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>For all 8-bit wide languages, set the correct console fonts
|
||||
in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> for the language in
|
||||
question with:</para>
|
||||
<para>For all 8-bit wide languages, set the correct console fonts
|
||||
in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> for the language in question
|
||||
with:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
font8x16=<replaceable>font_name</replaceable>
|
||||
font8x14=<replaceable>font_name</replaceable>
|
||||
font8x8=<replaceable>font_name</replaceable></programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><replaceable>font_name</replaceable> here taken from
|
||||
<filename>/usr/share/syscons/fonts</filename> directory,
|
||||
without <filename>.fnt</filename> suffix.</para>
|
||||
<para>The <replaceable>font_name</replaceable> here is taken from
|
||||
the <filename>/usr/share/syscons/fonts</filename> directory,
|
||||
without the <filename>.fnt</filename> suffix.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Also be sure to set the correct keymap and screenmap for
|
||||
your 8-bit language through
|
||||
<filename>/stand/sysinstall</filename>. Once inside sysinstall,
|
||||
choose <literal>Configure</literal>, then
|
||||
<literal>Console</literal>. Alternatively, you can add the
|
||||
following to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<para>Also be sure to set the correct keymap and screenmap for your
|
||||
8-bit language through <filename>/stand/sysinstall</filename>.
|
||||
Once inside sysinstall, choose <literal>Configure</literal>, then
|
||||
<literal>Console</literal>. Alternatively, you can add the
|
||||
following to <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
scrnmap=<replaceable>screenmap_name</replaceable>
|
||||
keymap=<replaceable>keymap_name</replaceable>
|
||||
keychange="<replaceable>fkey_number sequence</replaceable>"</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><replaceable>screenmap_name</replaceable> here taken from
|
||||
<filename>/usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps</filename> directory,
|
||||
without <filename>.scm</filename> suffix.
|
||||
Screenmap with corresponding mapped font
|
||||
is usually needed as workaround for expanding
|
||||
bit 8 to bit 9 on VGA adapter font character matrix
|
||||
in pseudographics area, i.e.
|
||||
to move letters out of that area if screen font use bit 8
|
||||
column.</para>
|
||||
<para>The <replaceable>screenmap_name</replaceable> here is taken
|
||||
from the <filename>/usr/share/syscons/scrnmaps</filename>
|
||||
directory, without the <filename>.scm</filename> suffix. A
|
||||
screenmap with a corresponding mapped font is usually needed as a
|
||||
workaround for expanding bit 8 to bit 9 on a VGA adapter's font
|
||||
character matrix in pseudographics area, i.e., to move letters out
|
||||
of that area if screen font uses a bit 8 column.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>If you use &man.moused.8;, i.e. have
|
||||
following setting in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<para>According to the &man.moused.8; man page, you should have the
|
||||
following setting in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
moused_enable="YES"</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>and your screen font uses bit 8 column of font
|
||||
character matrix,
|
||||
be shure that you compile your kernel with</para>
|
||||
<para>If your screen font uses bit 8 column of font character
|
||||
matrix, be sure that you compile your kernel with the following
|
||||
options in your kernel configuration file to avoid bit 8 to bit 9
|
||||
expansion of the font character with the mouse cursor on VGA
|
||||
adapters.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03</programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>in your kernel configuration file to avoid
|
||||
bit 8 to bit 9 expansion of the font character
|
||||
under mouse cursor on VGA adapters.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>The <replaceable>keymap_name</replaceable> here is taken from
|
||||
the <filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</filename> directory,
|
||||
without the <filename>.kbd</filename> suffix.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><replaceable>keymap_name</replaceable> here taken from
|
||||
<filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</filename> directory,
|
||||
without <filename>.kbd</filename> suffix.</para>
|
||||
<para>The <literal>keychange</literal> is usually needed to program
|
||||
function keys to match the selected terminal type because
|
||||
function key sequences can not be defined in the key map.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><literal>keychange</literal> is usually needed
|
||||
to program function keys to match selected terminal
|
||||
type because function keys sequences can't be defined in
|
||||
key map.</para>
|
||||
<para>Also be sure to set the correct console terminal type in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename> for all <literal>ttyv*</literal>
|
||||
entries. Current pre-defined correspondences are:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Also be shure to set correct console terminal type in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename> for all
|
||||
<literal>ttyv*</literal> entries.
|
||||
Current pre-defined correspondences are:</para>
|
||||
<informaltable frame="none">
|
||||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Character Set</entry>
|
||||
<entry>Terminal Type</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
|
||||
<informaltable frame="none">
|
||||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Character Set</entry>
|
||||
<entry>Terminal Type</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>ISO-8859-1 or ISO-8859-15</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25l1</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>ISO-8859-1 or ISO-8859-15</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25l1</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25l2</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25l2</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>KOI8-R</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25r</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>KOI8-R</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25r</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>CP437 (hardware default)</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup>
|
||||
</informaltable>
|
||||
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>CP437 (hardware default)</entry>
|
||||
<entry><literal>cons25</literal></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<para>For 16-bit wide languages, use the correct FreeBSD port in
|
||||
your <filename>/usr/ports/<replaceable>language</replaceable></filename>
|
||||
directory. Some ports appear as console while the system sees it
|
||||
as serial vtty's, hence you must reserve enough vtty's for both
|
||||
X11 and the pseudo-serial console. Here is a partial list of
|
||||
applications for using other languages in console:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup>
|
||||
</informaltable>
|
||||
<informaltable frame="none">
|
||||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Language</entry>
|
||||
<entry>Location</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>For 16-bit wide languages, use the correct FreeBSD Port in your
|
||||
<filename>/usr/ports/<replaceable>language</replaceable></filename>
|
||||
directory. Some ports appear as console while the systems sees
|
||||
it as serial vtty's, hence you must reserve enough vtty's for
|
||||
both X11 and the pseudo-serial console. Here is a partial list of
|
||||
applications for using other languages in console:</para>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Traditional Chinese (BIG-5)</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/chinese/big5con</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
|
||||
<informaltable frame="none">
|
||||
<tgroup cols="2">
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Language</entry>
|
||||
<entry>Location</entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</thead>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Japanese</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/japanese/ja-kon2-*</filename> or
|
||||
<filename>/usr/ports/japanese/Mule_Wnn</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Traditional Chinese (BIG-5)</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/chinese/big5con</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Korean</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/korean/ko-han</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup>
|
||||
</informaltable>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Japanese</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/japanese/ja-kon2-*</filename>
|
||||
or <filename>/usr/ports/japanese/Mule_Wnn</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>X11 Setup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<entry>Korean</entry>
|
||||
<entry><filename>/usr/ports/korean/ko-han</filename></entry>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<para>Although X11 is not part of the FreeBSD Project, we have
|
||||
included some information here for FreeBSD users. For more
|
||||
details, refer to the <ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org/">XFree86
|
||||
website</ulink> or whichever X11 Server you use.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</tgroup>
|
||||
</informaltable>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
<para>In <filename>~/.Xresources</filename>, you can additionally
|
||||
tune application specific i18n settings (e.g., fonts, menus,
|
||||
etc.).</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>X11 Setup</title>
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Displaying Fonts</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Although X11 is not part of the FreeBSD Project, we have
|
||||
included some information here for FreeBSD users. For more
|
||||
details, refer to the <ulink
|
||||
url="http://www.xfree86.org/">XFree86 website</ulink> or
|
||||
whichever X11 Server you use.</para>
|
||||
<para>Install the X11 True Type-Common server (XTT-common) and
|
||||
install the language truetype fonts. Setting the correct
|
||||
locale should allow you to view your selected language in menus
|
||||
and such.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>In <filename>~/.Xresources</filename>, you can
|
||||
additionly tune
|
||||
application specific i18n settings (e.g., fonts, menus,
|
||||
etc.).</para>
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Inputting Non-English Characters</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Displaying Fonts</title>
|
||||
<para>The X11 Input Method (XIM) Protocol is a new standard for
|
||||
all X11 clients. All X11 applications should be written as XIM
|
||||
clients that take input from XIM Input servers. There are
|
||||
several XIM servers available for different languages.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Install the X11 True Type-Common server (XTT-common) and
|
||||
install the language truetype fonts. Setting the correct
|
||||
locale should allow you to view your selected language in
|
||||
menus and such.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Printer Setup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Inputting Non-English Characters</title>
|
||||
<para>8-bit characters are usually hardware coded into printers.
|
||||
16-bit characters require special setup and we recommend using
|
||||
<application>apsfilter</application>. You may also convert the
|
||||
document to Postscript or PDF formats using language specific
|
||||
converters.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The X11 Input Method (XIM) Protocol is a new standard for
|
||||
all X11 clients. All X11 applications should be written as XIM
|
||||
clients that take input from XIM Input servers. There are
|
||||
several XIM servers available for different languages.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Kernel and File Systems</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Printer Setup</title>
|
||||
<para>The FreeBSD FFS filesystem is 8-bit clean so can be used with
|
||||
any 8-bit wide character set, but there is no character set name
|
||||
stored in the filesystem; i.e., it is raw 8-bit and does not know
|
||||
anything about encoding order. FFS does not support any form of
|
||||
16-bit wide character sets yet.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>8-bit characters are usually hardware coded into printers.
|
||||
16-bit characters require special setup and we recommend using
|
||||
<command>apsfilter</command>.
|
||||
You may also convert the document to Postscript or
|
||||
PDF formats using language specific converters.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Kernel and File Systems</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>FreeBSD FFS filesystem is 8-bit clean so can be used
|
||||
with any 8-bit wide character set, but there is no character
|
||||
set name stored in filesystem, i.e. it is raw 8-bit and not
|
||||
knows anything about encoding order. FFS not support any
|
||||
form of 16-bit wide character sets yet.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>FreeBSD MSDOS filesystem have configurable
|
||||
ability to proceed conversion between
|
||||
MSDOS plus Unicode character sets and choosed
|
||||
FreeBSD filesystem character set, see
|
||||
&man.mount.msdos.8; for details.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
<para>The FreeBSD MSDOS filesystem has the configurable ability to
|
||||
convertbetween MSDOS plus Unicode character sets and choosen
|
||||
FreeBSD filesystem character sets. See &man.mount.msdos.8; for
|
||||
details.</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
|
|
@ -652,24 +627,23 @@ options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03</programlisting>
|
|||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
<title>Localizing FreeBSD to Specific Language</title>
|
||||
<title>Localizing FreeBSD to Specific Languages</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Russian Language (KOI8-R encoding)</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para><emphasis>Originally contributed by
|
||||
&a.ache;.</emphasis></para>
|
||||
&a.ache;.</emphasis></para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>See more info about KOI8-R encoding at <ulink
|
||||
<para>For more information about KOI8-R encoding, see the <ulink
|
||||
url="http://nagual.pp.ru/~ache/koi8.html">KOI8-R References
|
||||
(Russian Net Character Set)</ulink>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Locale Setup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Put following lines into
|
||||
your <filename>~/.login_conf</filename>
|
||||
file:</para>
|
||||
<para>Put the following lines into your
|
||||
<filename>~/.login_conf</filename> file:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
me:My Account:\
|
||||
|
|
@ -684,20 +658,19 @@ me:My Account:\
|
|||
<title>Console Setup</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Add the following to your kernel configuration
|
||||
file:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Add</para>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03</programlisting>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
options SC_MOUSE_CHAR=0x03</programlisting>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Use following settings in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>to your kernel configuration file.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>Use following settings in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
<programlisting>
|
||||
keymap="ru.koi8-r"
|
||||
keychange="61 ^[[K"
|
||||
scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866"
|
||||
|
|
@ -705,23 +678,21 @@ font8x16="cp866b-8x16"
|
|||
font8x14="cp866-8x14"
|
||||
font8x8="cp866-8x8"</programlisting>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>Note that <literal>^[</literal> here stands for real
|
||||
Escape character \033 entered directly in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, not for sequence of two
|
||||
characters '^' and '['.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>For each <literal>ttyv*</literal> entry in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename> use <literal>cons25r</literal>
|
||||
as terminal type.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<para>Note that the <literal>^[</literal> here stands for a
|
||||
real Escape character (\033) entered directly in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, not for sequence of two
|
||||
characters '^' and '['.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>For each <literal>ttyv*</literal> entry in
|
||||
<filename>/etc/ttys</filename>, use
|
||||
<literal>cons25r</literal>as the terminal type.</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>See earlier in this chapter for examples of setting up the
|
||||
<link linkend="setting-console">console</link>.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<link linkend="setting-console">console</link>.</para>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
|
|
@ -805,9 +776,9 @@ FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi"</programlisting>
|
|||
<para>To activate a Russian keyboard add a
|
||||
<programlisting>XkbKeymap "xfree86(ru)"</programlisting>
|
||||
line into the <literal>"Keyboard"</literal>
|
||||
section in your <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> file. Also
|
||||
make sure that <literal>XkbDisable</literal> is turned off
|
||||
(commented out) there.</para>
|
||||
section in your <filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename> file.
|
||||
Also make sure that <literal>XkbDisable</literal> is turned
|
||||
off (commented out) there.</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>The RUS/LAT switch will be <literal>CapsLock</literal>.
|
||||
The old <literal>CapsLock</literal> function is still
|
||||
|
|
@ -824,8 +795,8 @@ FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic/100dpi"</programlisting>
|
|||
NULL);</literal> function early in the program.
|
||||
See <ulink
|
||||
url="http://nagual.pp.ru/~ache/koi8/xwin.html">
|
||||
KOI8-R for X-Window</ulink> for more
|
||||
instructions for localizing X11 applications.</para>
|
||||
KOI8-R for X-Window</ulink> for more instructions on
|
||||
localizing X11 applications.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</orderedlist>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue