--- -> —

svn path=/head/; revision=682

en/tutorials/newuser/newuser.sgml

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC "-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN">
-<!-- $Id: newuser.sgml,v 1.2 1996-10-06 20:17:19 jfieber Exp $ -->
+<!-- $Id: newuser.sgml,v 1.3 1996-11-17 15:09:08 jfieber Exp $ -->
 
 <article>
-<title>For People New to Both FreeBSD <em>and</em> Unix
+<title>For People New to Both FreeBSD and Unix</title>
 <author>Annelise Anderson
     <htmlurl url="mailto:andrsn@hoover.stanford.edu"
              name="&lt;andrsn@hoover.stanford.edu&gt;">
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
 
 <abstract>Congratulations on installing FreeBSD!
 This introduction is for people new to both FreeBSD
-<em>and</em> Un*x---so it starts with basics.  It assumes you're using
+<em>and</em> Un*x&mdash;so it starts with basics.  It assumes you're using
 version 2.0.5 or later of FreeBSD as distributed by Walnut Creek
 or FreeBSD.ORG, your system (for now) has a single user
-(you)---and you're probably pretty good with DOS/Windows or OS/2.
+(you)&mdash;and you're probably pretty good with DOS/Windows or OS/2.
 </abstract>
 
 <toc>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ To log out (and get a new <tt>login</tt> prompt) type
 exit
 </tscreen>
 as often as necessary.  Yes, press <em>enter</em> after commands, and remember
-that Unix is case-sensitive---<tt>exit</tt>, not <tt>EXIT</tt>.
+that Unix is case-sensitive&mdash;<tt>exit</tt>, not <tt>EXIT</tt>.
 
 To shut down the machine type:
 <tscreen>
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ jack's login files, you'll have a hot spare in case something goes wrong.
 Once you've done this, use <tt>exit</tt> to get back to a login prompt and log
 in as <em>jack</em>.  In general, it's a good idea to do as
 much work as possible as an ordinary user who doesn't have the
-power---and risk---of root.
+power&mdash;and risk&mdash;of root.
 
 If you already created a user and you want the user to be able to <tt>su</tt>
 to root, you can log in as root and edit the file <tt>/etc/group</tt>, adding
@@ -96,14 +96,14 @@ will access the sources of help and information within FreeBSD.
 Here are some commands and what they do:
 <descrip>
 <tag/<tt>id</tt>/        Tells you who you are!
-<tag/<tt>pwd</tt>/       Shows you where you are---the current
+<tag/<tt>pwd</tt>/       Shows you where you are&mdash;the current
                          working directory.
 <tag/<tt>ls</tt>/        Lists the files in the current directory.
 <tag/<tt>ls -F</tt>/        Lists the files in the current directory
                 with a * after
                 executables, a / after directories, and an @ after symbolic
                 links.
-<tag/<tt>ls -l</tt>/        Lists the files in long format---size,
+<tag/<tt>ls -l</tt>/        Lists the files in long format&mdash;size,
                          date, permissions.
 <tag/<tt>ls -a</tt>/        Lists hidden (unless you're root) ``dot''
                          files with the others.
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Here are some commands and what they do:
                          one level; note the
                 space after <tt>cd</tt>.  <tt>cd /usr/local</tt>
                 goes there.  <tt>cd ~</tt>  goes to
-                the home directory of the person logged in---e.g.,
+                the home directory of the person logged in&mdash;e.g.,
                 <tt>/usr/home/jack</tt>.  Try <tt>cd /cdrom</tt>,
                 and then <tt>ls</tt>, to find out
                 if your CDROM is mounted and working.
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ Here are some commands and what they do:
                 to quit scrolling.
                 You might want to try <tt>cat</tt> on some of the
                 dot files in your
-                home directory---<tt>cat .cshrc</tt>, <tt>cat .login</tt>,
+                home directory&mdash;<tt>cat .cshrc</tt>, <tt>cat .login</tt>,
                 <tt>cat .profile</tt>.
 </descrip>
 You'll notice aliases in <tt>.cshrc</tt>
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ csh configuration file, <em>/etc/csh.cshrc</em>.
 <sect>Getting Help and Information
 
 <p>Here are some useful sources of help.  ``text'' stands for something of
-your choice that you type in---usually a command or filename.
+your choice that you type in&mdash;usually a command or filename.
 <descrip>
 <tag/<tt>apropos <em>text</em></tt>/
                 Everything containing string <em>text</em>
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ commands like <tt>cat</tt>, <tt>more</tt>, <tt>grep</tt>,
 <tt>chown</tt>, <tt>date</tt>, and <tt>script</tt>.
 <tt>more</tt> lets you read a page at a time as it does in DOS,
 e.g., <tt>ls -l | more</tt> or <tt>more <em>filename</em></tt>.  The
-<tt>*</tt> works as a wildcard---e.g., <tt>ls w*</tt> will show
+<tt>*</tt> works as a wildcard&mdash;e.g., <tt>ls w*</tt> will show
 you files beginning with w.
 
 Are some of these not working very well?  Both <tt>locate</tt>
@@ -195,14 +195,14 @@ flash messages on your screen while they're running; you can type
 might want to look at <tt>/var/mail/root</tt> and
 <tt>/var/log/messages</tt>.
 
-Basically running such commands is part of system administration---and as
+Basically running such commands is part of system administration&mdash;and as
 a single user of a Unix system, you're your own system administrator.
 Virtually everything you need to be root to do is system administration.
 Such responsibilities aren't covered very well even in those big fat books
 on Unix, which seem to devote a lot of space to pulling down menus in
 windows managers.  You might want to get one of the two leading books
 on systems administration, either Evi Nemeth et.al.'s <em>UNIX System
-Administration Handbook</em> (Prentice-Hall, 1995, ISBN 0-13-15051-7)---the
+Administration Handbook</em> (Prentice-Hall, 1995, ISBN 0-13-15051-7)&mdash;the
 second edition with the red cover; or &AElig;leen Frisch's <em>Essential System
 Administration</em> (O'Reilly &amp; Associates, 1993, ISBN 0-937175-80-3).
 I used Nemeth.
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ new file with <tt>vi filename</tt> and adding and deleting text,
 saving the file, and calling it up again.  <tt>vi</tt> delivers
 some surprises because it's really quite complex, and sometimes
 you'll inadvertently issue a command that will do something you
-don't expect.  (Some people actually like <tt>vi</tt>---it's more
-powerful than DOS EDIT---find out about the <tt>:r</tt> command.)
+don't expect.  (Some people actually like <tt>vi</tt>&mdash;it's more
+powerful than DOS EDIT&mdash;find out about the <tt>:r</tt> command.)
 Use <tt>Esc</tt> one or more times to be sure you're in command
 mode and proceed from there when it gives you trouble, save often
 with <tt>:w</tt>, and use <tt>:q!</tt> to get out and start over
@@ -325,8 +325,8 @@ and copying <tt>dmesg.txt</tt> to the floppy.  <tt>/sbin/dmesg</tt> is the boot
  log record,
 and it's useful to understand it because it shows what FreeBSD found
 when it booted up.  If you ask questions on questions@freebsd.org or on
-a USENET group---like ``FreeBSD isn't finding my tape drive, what do I
-do?''---people will want to know what <tt>dmesg</tt> has to say.
+a USENET group&mdash;like ``FreeBSD isn't finding my tape drive, what do I
+do?''&mdash;people will want to know what <tt>dmesg</tt> has to say.
 
 You can now dismount the floppy drive (as root) to get the disk out with
 <tscreen>
@@ -360,10 +360,10 @@ covered in the FreeBSD handbook.
 <tag/<tt>df</tt>/             shows file space and mounted systems.
 <tag/<tt>ps aux</tt>/         shows processes running. <tt>ps ax</tt> is a narrower form.
 <tag/<tt>lsdev</tt>/          lists configured devices
-<tag/<tt>devmenu</tt>/        a menu of devices---in color!
+<tag/<tt>devmenu</tt>/        a menu of devices&mdash;in color!
 <tag/<tt>rm <em>filename</em></tt>/    remove <tt>filename</tt>
 <tag/<tt>rm -R <em>dir</em></tt>/      removes a directory <tt>dir</tt> and all
- subdirectories---careful!
+ subdirectories&mdash;careful!
 <tag/<tt>ls -R</tt>/          lists files in the current
                 directory and all subdirectories;
                 I used a variant, <tt>ls -AFR &gt; where.txt</tt>,
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ binary, which is <tt>/usr/local/lib/netscape/netscape.bin</tt>.
 mount it with <tt>/sbin/mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0a /cdrom</tt>
 assuming <tt>cd0a</tt> is the device name for your CDROM drive.
 
-Using the live file system---the second of FreeBSD's CDROM disks---is
+Using the live file system&mdash;the second of FreeBSD's CDROM disks&mdash;is
 useful if you've got limited space.  You might try using
 <tt>emacs</tt> or playing games from the cdrom.  This involves using
 <tt>lndir</tt>, which gets installed with the X Window System, to tell the