-use docbook entities
-Replace freebsd.org with FreeBSD.org in links -tagged freebsd-jobs@FreeBSD.org
This commit is contained in:
parent
027dde4cdf
commit
6d89884058
Notes:
svn2git
2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
svn path=/head/; revision=26769
1 changed files with 66 additions and 66 deletions
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@ -67,25 +67,25 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
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<abstract>
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<para>The objective of this whitepaper is to explain some of the
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features and benefits provided by FreeBSD, and where
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applicable, compare those features to Linux. This paper
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features and benefits provided by &os;, and where
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applicable, compare those features to &linux;. This paper
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provides a starting point for those interested in exploring
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Open Source alternatives to Linux.</para>
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Open Source alternatives to &linux;.</para>
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</abstract>
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</articleinfo>
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<sect1 id="introduction">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>FreeBSD is a &unix; like operating system based on the
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Berkeley Software Distribution. While FreeBSD and Linux are
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<para>&os; is a &unix; like operating system based on the
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Berkeley Software Distribution. While &os; and &linux; are
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commonly perceived as being very similar, there are differences:</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Linux itself is a kernel. Distributions (e.g. Red Hat,
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<para>&linux; itself is a kernel. Distributions (e.g. Red Hat,
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Debian, Suse and others) provide the installer and the
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utilities available to the user. http://www.linux.org/dist
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lists well over 300 distinct distributions. While giving
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@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
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window managers, and software installation and patching
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routines.</para>
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<para>FreeBSD is a complete operating system (kernel and
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<para>&os; is a complete operating system (kernel and
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userland) with a well-respected heritage grounded in the
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roots of Unix development.[1] Since both the kernel and the
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provided utilities are under the control of the same release
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@ -107,11 +107,11 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
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or kernel features are added, the user simply needs to read
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one file, the Release Notes, which is publicly available on
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the main page of the <ulink
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url="http://www.freebsd.org">FreeBSD website</ulink>.</para>
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url="http://www.FreeBSD.org">&os; website</ulink>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>FreeBSD has a large and well organized programming base
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<para>&os; has a large and well organized programming base
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which ensures changes are implemented quickly and in a
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controlled manner. There are several thousand programmers
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who contribute code on a regular basis but only about 300 of
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@ -132,10 +132,10 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
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<listitem>
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<para>While both FreeBSD and Linux use an Open Source
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<para>While both &os; and &linux; use an Open Source
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licensing model, the actual licenses used differ. The Linux
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kernel is under the <ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php">GPL license</ulink> while
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FreeBSD uses the <ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php">BSD license</ulink>. These,
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&os; uses the <ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php">BSD license</ulink>. These,
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and other Open Source licenses, are described in more detail
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at the website of the <ulink url="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/">Open Source
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Initiative</ulink>.</para>
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@ -156,31 +156,31 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="freebsd-features">
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<title>FreeBSD Features</title>
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<title>&os; Features</title>
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<sect2 id="freebsd-features-platforms">
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<title>Supported Platforms</title>
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<para>FreeBSD has gained a reputation as a secure, stable,
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operating system for the Intel (i386) platform. However,
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FreeBSD also supports the following architectures:</para>
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<para>&os; has gained a reputation as a secure, stable,
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operating system for the &intel; (&i386;) platform. However,
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&os; also supports the following architectures:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><simpara>alpha</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>amd64</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>ia64</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>i386</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>&i386;</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>pc98</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>sparc64</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>&sparc64;</simpara></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>In addition, there is ongoing development to port FreeBSD
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<para>In addition, there is ongoing development to port &os;
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to the following architectures:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><simpara>ARM</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>MIPS</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>PowerPC</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>&arm;</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>&mips;</simpara></listitem>
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<listitem><simpara>&powerpc;</simpara></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Up-to-date hardware lists are maintained for each
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@ -188,24 +188,24 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
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supported. For servers, there is excellent hardware RAID and
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network interface support.</para>
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<para>FreeBSD also makes a great workstation and laptop
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<para>&os; also makes a great workstation and laptop
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operating system! It supports the X Window System, the same
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one used in Linux distributions to provide a desktop user
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one used in &linux; distributions to provide a desktop user
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interface. It also supports over 13,000 easy to install
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third-party applications,[3] including KDE, Gnome, and
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OpenOffice.</para>
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<para>Several projects are available to ease the installation of
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FreeBSD as a desktop. The most notable are:</para>
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&os; as a desktop. The most notable are:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><ulink
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url="http://www.freesbie.org">FreeSBIE</ulink> which
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provides a LiveCD of FreeBSD.</para></listitem>
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provides a LiveCD of &os;.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><ulink
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url="http://www.pcbsd.com">PC-BSD</ulink> which provides an
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easy-to-use GUI installer for FreeBSD aimed at the desktop
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easy-to-use GUI installer for &os; aimed at the desktop
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user.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="freebsd-features-frameworks">
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<title>Extensible Frameworks</title>
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<para>FreeBSD provides many extensible frameworks to easily
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<para>&os; provides many extensible frameworks to easily
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allow you to customize the FreeBSD environment to your
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particular needs. Some of the major frameworks are:</para>
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@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
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<varlistentry>
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<term>MAC</term>
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<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mac.html">MAC</ulink>,
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<listitem><para><ulink url="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mac.html">MAC</ulink>,
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or Mandatory Access Control, provides fine-tuned access to
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files and is meant to augment traditional operating system
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authorization provided by file permissions. Since MAC is
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@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
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configured for any required policy varying from HIPAA
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compliance to the needs of a military-grade system.</para>
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<para>FreeBSD ships with modules to implement the following
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<para>&os; ships with modules to implement the following
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policies; however the framework allows you to develop any
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required policy:</para>
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@ -303,10 +303,10 @@ Copyright (c) 2005 Dru Lavigne
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<varlistentry>
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<term>PAM</term>
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<listitem><para>Like Linux, FreeBSD provides support for <ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/">PAM</ulink>,
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<listitem><para>Like &linux;, &os; provides support for <ulink url="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/pam/">PAM</ulink>,
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Pluggable Authentication Modules. This allows an administrator
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to augment the traditional Unix username/password
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authentication model. FreeBSD provides modules to integrate
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to augment the traditional &unix; username/password
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authentication model. &os; provides modules to integrate
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into many authentication mechanisms, including:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<title>Security</title>
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<para>Security is very important to the <ulink
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url="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/">FreeBSD
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url="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/releng/">FreeBSD
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Release
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Engineering Team</ulink>. This
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manifests itself in several concrete areas:</para>
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@ -341,26 +341,26 @@ Release
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resolving known security issues. Full information regarding
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FreeBSD's security handling procedures and where to find
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security information is available at
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<ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org/security/"></ulink>.</para></listitem>
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<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/"></ulink>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>One of the problems associated with Open Source
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software is the sheer volume of available applications. There
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are literally tens of thousands of Open Source application projects
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each with varying levels of responsiveness to security
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incidents. FreeBSD has met this challenge head-on with <ulink
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incidents. &os; has met this challenge head-on with <ulink
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url="http://www.vuxml.org/freebsd/">VuXML</ulink>. All software
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shipped with the FreeBSD operating system as well any software
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available in the <ulink
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url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/">Ports Collection</ulink>
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url="&url.base;/ports/">Ports Collection</ulink>
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is compared to a database of known, unresolved
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vulnerabilities. An administrator can use the &man.portaudit.1;
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utility to quickly determine if any software on a FreeBSD
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utility to quickly determine if any software on a &os;
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system is vulnerable, and if so, receive a description of the
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problem and an URL containing a more detailed vulnerability
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description.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>FreeBSD also provides many mechanisms which allow an
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<para>&os; also provides many mechanisms which allow an
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administrator to tune the operating system to meet his security
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needs:</para>
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example, prevent specified files from being modified or
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deleted by even the superuser.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>FreeBSD provides 3 built-in stateful, NAT-aware
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<listitem><para>&os; provides 3 built-in stateful, NAT-aware
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firewalls, allowing the flexibility of choosing the ruleset
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most appropriate to one's security needs.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The FreeBSD kernel is easily modified, allowing an
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administrator to strip out unneeded functionality. FreeBSD
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<listitem><para>The &os; kernel is easily modified, allowing an
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administrator to strip out unneeded functionality. &os;
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also supports kernel loadable modules and provides utilities
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to view, load and unload kernel modules.</para></listitem>
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<sect1 id="freebsd-support">
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<title>Support</title>
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<para>Like Linux, FreeBSD offers many venues for support, both
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<para>Like &linux;, &os; offers many venues for support, both
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freely available and commercial.</para>
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<sect2 id="freebsd-support-free">
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>FreeBSD is one of the best documented
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<listitem><para>&os; is one of the best documented
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operating systems, and the documentation is available both
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as part of the operating system and on the Internet. Manual
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pages are clear, concise and provide working
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examples. <ulink
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url="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/">
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url="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/">
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The FreeBSD Handbook</ulink>
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provides background information and configuration examples
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for nearly every task one would wish to complete using
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FreeBSD.</para></listitem>
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&os;.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>FreeBSD provides many support <ulink
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url="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.html#ERESOURCES-MAIL">mailing
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<listitem><para>&os; provides many support <ulink
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url="&url.base;/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/eresources.html#ERESOURCES-MAIL">mailing
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lists</ulink>.
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where answers are archived and fully searchable. If you have
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a question that wasn't addressed by the Handbook, it most
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likely has already been answered on a mailing list. The
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Handbook and mailing lists are also available in several
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languages, all of which are easily accessible from
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<ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org"></ulink>.</para></listitem>
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<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org"></ulink>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>There are many FreeBSD IRC channels, forums
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and user groups. See <ulink
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url="http://www.freebsd.org/support.html"></ulink> for a
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url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html"></ulink> for a
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selection.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>If you're looking for a FreeBSD administrator, developer
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<para>If you're looking for a &os; administrator, developer
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or support personnel, send a job description which includes
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geographic location to freebsd-jobs@FreeBSD.org.</para>
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geographic location to <email>freebsd-jobs@FreeBSD.org</email>.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="freebsd-support-commercial">
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<title>Commercial Offerings</title>
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<para>There are many vendors who provide commercial FreeBSD
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<para>There are many vendors who provide commercial &os;
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support. Resources for finding a vendor near you
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include:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>The Commercial Vendors page at the FreeBSD
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<listitem><para>The Commercial Vendors page at the &os;
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site: <ulink
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url="http://www.freebsd.org/commercial/"></ulink></para></listitem>
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url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/commercial/"></ulink></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>FreeBSDMall, who have been selling support contracts
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for nearly 10 years.
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url="http://www.bsdcertification.org"></ulink>.</para>
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<para>If your project requires Common Criteria certification,
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FreeBSD includes the <ulink
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&os; includes the <ulink
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url="http://www.trustedbsd.org">TrustedBSD</ulink> MAC
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framework to ease the certification process.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="freebsd-advantages">
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<title>Advantages to Choosing FreeBSD</title>
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<title>Advantages to Choosing &os;</title>
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<para>There are many advantages to including FreeBSD solutions in
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<para>There are many advantages to including &os; solutions in
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your IT infrastructure:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>FreeBSD is well documented and follows many
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<listitem><para>&os; is well documented and follows many
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standards. This allows your existing intermediate and advanced
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system administrators to quickly transfer their existing Linux
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and Unix skillsets to FreeBSD administration.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>In-house developers have full access to all
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FreeBSD code[4] for all releases going back to the original
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FreeBSD release. Included with the code are all of the log
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&os; release. Included with the code are all of the log
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messages which provide context to changes and
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bug fixes. Additionally, a developer can easily replicate any
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release by simply checking out the code with the desired
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label. In contrast, Linux traditionally didn't follow this
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label. In contrast, &linux; traditionally didn't follow this
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model, but has recently adopted a more mature development
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model. [5]</para></listitem>
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bug-tracking database. They are able to query and track
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existing bugs as well as submit their own patches for approval
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and possible committal into the FreeBSD base code.
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<ulink url="http://www.freebsd.org/support.html#gnats"></ulink></para></listitem>
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<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html#gnats"></ulink></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The BSD license allows you to freely modify the
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code to suit your business purposes. Unlike the GPL, there are
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<sect1 id="freebsd-conclusion">
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<title>Conclusion</title>
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<para>FreeBSD is a mature Unix-like operating system which
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includes many of the features one would expect in a modern Unix
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<para>&os; is a mature &unix;-like operating system which
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includes many of the features one would expect in a modern &unix;
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system. For those wishing to incorporate an Open Source solution
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in their existing infrastructure, FreeBSD is an excellent choice
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in their existing infrastructure, &os; is an excellent choice
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indeed.</para>
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</sect1>
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@ -526,13 +526,13 @@ Release
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url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_and_GPL_licensing"></ulink>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Using <ulink
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url="http://www.freebsd.org/ports">FreeBSD's ports
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url="&url.base;/ports">FreeBSD's ports
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collection</ulink>: software installation is as easy as
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<command>pkg_add -r application_name</command>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>In addition, all code is browsable through a
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web-interface: <ulink
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url="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/"></ulink>.</para></listitem>
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||||
url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/cvsweb.cgi/"></ulink>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>An interesting overview of the evolving Linux
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development model can be found at <ulink
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||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue