- Update handbook/ports to SVN#836
PR: docs/100591 Submitted by: chinsan.tw at gmail.com
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Vanilla I. Shu
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2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00
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1 changed files with 30 additions and 43 deletions
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@ -87,31 +87,21 @@
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<para>而 FreeBSD port 則是用一些檔案，來自動處理應用程式的安裝流程。</para>
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<para>Remember that there are a number of steps you would normally
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carry out if you compiled a program yourself (downloading,
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unpacking, patching, compiling, installing). The files that
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make up a port contain all the necessary information to allow
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the system to do this for you. You run a handful of simple
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commands and the source code for the application is
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automatically downloaded, extracted, patched, compiled, and
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installed for you.</para>
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<para>請記住：如果打算自己來編譯的話，需要執行很多操作步驟(下載、解壓、patch、編譯、安裝)。
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而 port 呢，則是涵蓋所有需要完成這些工作的必備步驟，
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所以只需打一些簡單的指令，那些原始程式碼就會自動下載、解壓、patch、編譯，直至安裝完畢。</para>
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<para>事實上，ports 機制還可以用來產生 packages，以便他人可以用
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<command>pkg_add</command> 來安裝，或是稍後會介紹到的其他套件管理指令。</para>
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<para>Both packages and ports understand
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<emphasis>dependencies</emphasis>. Suppose you want to install
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an application that depends on a specific library being
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installed. Both the application and the library have been made
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available as FreeBSD ports and packages. If you use the
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<command>pkg_add</command> command or the ports system to add
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the application, both will notice that the library has not been
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installed, and automatically install the library first.</para>
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<para>而 packages 以及 ports 它們都是一樣，都會認 <emphasis>dependencies(軟體相依關係)</emphasis>。
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假設：您想安裝某程式，但它有相依另一個已裝的函式庫(library)，
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而在 FreeBSD 的 port 以及 package 都有這程式以及該函式庫了。
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所以無論是用 <command>pkg_add</command> 指令或者 port 方式來裝該程式，
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這兩者(package、port)都會先檢查有沒有裝該函式庫，若沒有就會自動先裝該函式庫了。</para>
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<para>Given that the two technologies are quite similar, you might
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be wondering why FreeBSD bothers with both. Packages and ports
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both have their own strengths, and which one you use will depend
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on your own preference.</para>
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<para>這兩種技術都很相似，您可能會好奇為什麼 FreeBSD 會弄出這兩種技術來呢。
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其實，packages 和 ports 都有它們各自的長處，使用哪一種完全取決於您自己的喜好。</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<title>Package 好處在於：</title>
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@ -224,29 +214,26 @@
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<para>FreeBSD 網站上有更新頻繁的軟體清單，在
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<ulink
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url="&url.base;/ports/index.html">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</ulink>。
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各 ports 皆依其性質而分門別類，and you may either
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search for an application by name (if you know it), or see
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all the applications available in a category.</para>
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各 ports 皆依其性質而分門別類，既可以透過軟體名稱來搜尋(如果知道名字的話)，
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也可以在分類中列出所有可用的軟體。</para>
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</listitem>
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<indexterm><primary>FreshPorts</primary></indexterm>
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<listitem>
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<para>Dan Langille 維護 FreshPorts 網站，網址在 <ulink
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url="http://www.FreshPorts.org/"></ulink>。 FreshPorts
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tracks changes to the applications in the ports tree as they
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happen, allows you to <quote>watch</quote> one or more
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ports, and can send you email when they are updated.</para>
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<para>由 Dan Langille 所維護 FreshPorts 網站，網址在 <ulink
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url="http://www.FreshPorts.org/"></ulink>。
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FreshPorts 會不斷追蹤 port tree 中的各種變化，
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也可以針對某些 port 以列入 <quote>追蹤名單(watch)</quote> 內，
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當有任何軟體升級時，就會發 email 提醒。</para>
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</listitem>
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<indexterm><primary>FreshMeat</primary></indexterm>
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<listitem>
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<para>If you do not know the name of the application you want,
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try using a site like FreshMeat (<ulink
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url="http://www.freshmeat.net/"></ulink>) to find an
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application, then check back at the FreeBSD site to see if
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the application has been ported yet.</para>
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<para>如果不知道想裝的軟體名稱，那麼可透過像是 FreshMeat (<ulink
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url="http://www.freshmeat.net/"></ulink>) 這類的網站來找，
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如果找到了，可以回 FreeBSD 網站去看一下這個應用程式是否已經被 port 進去了。</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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@ -550,8 +537,8 @@ docbook =
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<para>使用 <application>CVSup</application> 是安裝、更新 Ports Collection 的快速方法之一。
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若想更瞭解 <application>CVSup</application> 用法的話，請參閱 <link linkend="cvsup">使用 CVSup</link>。</para>
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<para>第一次跑 <application>CVSup</application> 之前，請先確認 <filename role="directory">/usr/ports</filename>
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是空的！ 若你已經裝了 Ports Collection ，但又自行加上其他 patch 檔，那麼 <application>CVSup</application>
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<para>第一次跑 <application>CVSup</application> 之前，請先確認 <filename role="directory">/usr/ports</filename>
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是空的！ 若你已經裝了 Ports Collection ，但又自行加上其他 patch 檔，那麼 <application>CVSup</application>
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並不會刪除你自行加上的 patch 檔，這樣可能會導致要安裝某些軟體時，發生 patch 失敗或編譯失敗。</para>
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<step>
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@ -1066,16 +1053,16 @@ ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/ fetch</userinput></screen>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pkg_version -v</userinput></screen>
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<sect3 id="ports-file-updating">
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<title><filename>/usr/ports/UPDATING</filename></title>
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<para>每次更新完 Ports Collection 之後，請務必記得在升級 port 前，
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<sect3 id="ports-file-updating">
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<title><filename>/usr/ports/UPDATING</filename></title>
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<para>每次更新完 Ports Collection 之後，請務必記得在升級 port 前，
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先看看 <filename>/usr/ports/UPDATING</filename>，
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這裡會寫升級方面的各式問題，比如：檔案格式改變、變更設定檔位置、與舊版不相容的問題等，
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以及怎麼解決的完整步驟。</para>
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<para>若 <filename>UPDATING</filename> 內容與你看到的其他文件有些不同、相衝的話，
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那麼以 <filename>UPDATING</filename> 為主。</para>
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以及怎麼解決的完整步驟。</para>
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<para>若 <filename>UPDATING</filename> 內容與你看到的其他文件有些不同、相衝的話，
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那麼以 <filename>UPDATING</filename> 為主。</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="portupgrade">
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