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<!--
$FreeBSD$
-->
<preface id="book-preface">
<title>Preface</title>
<bridgehead id="preface-audience" renderas=sect1>Intended
Audience</bridgehead>
<para>The FreeBSD newcomer will find that the first section of this
book guides the user through the FreeBSD installation process, and
gently introduces the concepts and conventions that underpin Unix.
Working through this section requires little more than the desire
to explore, and the ability to take on board new concepts as they
are introduced.</para>
<para>Once you have travelled this far, the second, far larger,
section of the Handbook is a comprehensive reference to all manner
of topics of interest to FreeBSD system administrators. Some of
these chapters may recommend that you do some prior reading, and
this is noted in the synopsis at the beginning of each
chapter.</para>
<para>For a list of additional sources of information, please see <xref
linkend="bibliography">.</para>
<bridgehead id="preface-changes" renderas=sect1>Changes from the
First Edition</bridgehead>
<para>This second edition is the culmination of over two years of
work by the dedicated members of the FreeBSD Documentation
Project. The following are the major changes in this new
edition:</para>
<!-- Talk a little about justification and other stylsheet changes? -->
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>A complete Index has been added.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>All ASCII figures have been replaced by graphical diagrams.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A standard synopsis has been added to each chapter to
give a quick summary of what information the chapter contains,
and what the reader is expected to know.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The content has been logically reorganized into three
parts: <quote>Getting Started</quote>, <quote>System Administration</quote>, and
<quote>Appendices</quote>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Chapter 2 (<quote>Installing FreeBSD</quote>) was completely
rewritten with many screenshots to make it much easier for new
users to grasp the text.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Chapter 3 (<quote>Unix Basics</quote>) has been expanded to contain
additional information about processes, daemons, and
signals.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Chapter 4 (<quote>Installing Applications</quote>) has been expanded
to contain additional information about binary package
management.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Chapter 5 (<quote>The X Window System</quote>) has been completely
rewritten with an emphasis on using modern desktop
technologies such as <application>KDE</application> and <application>GNOME</application> on XFree86 4.X.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Chapter 7 (<quote>The FreeBSD Booting Process</quote>) has been
expanded.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Chapter 12 (<quote>Storage</quote>) has been written from what used
to be two separate chapters on <quote>Disks</quote> and <quote>Backups</quote>. We feel
that the topics are easier to comprehend when presented as a
single chapter. A section on RAID (both hardware and
software) has also been added.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Chapter 15 (<quote>Serial Communications</quote>) has been completely
reorganized and updated for FreeBSD 4.X/5.X.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Chapter 16 (<quote>PPP and SLIP</quote>) has been substantially
updated.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Many new sections have been added to Chapter 17
(<quote>Advanced Networking</quote>).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Chapter 18 (<quote>Electronic Mail</quote>) has been expanded to
include more information about configuring
<application>sendmail</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Chapter 20 (<quote>Linux Compatibility</quote>) has been expanded to
include information about installing
<application>Oracle</application> and
<application>SAP/R3</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The following new topics are covered in this second
edition:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Configuration and Tuning (Chapter 6).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Sound (Chapter 14)</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<bridgehead id="preface-overview" renderas=sect1>Organization of This
Book</bridgehead>
<para>This book is split into three logically distinct sections.
The first section, <emphasis>Getting Started</emphasis>, covers
the installation and basic usage of FreeBSD. It is expected that
the reader will follow these chapters in sequence, possibly
skipping chapters covering familiar topics. The second section,
<emphasis>System Administration</emphasis>, covers a broad
collection of subjects that are of interest to more advanced
FreeBSD users. Each section begins with a succinct synopsis that
describes what the chapter covers and what the reader is expected
to already know. This is meant to allow the casual reader to skip
around to find chapters of interest. The third section contains
appendices of reference information.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 1, Introduction</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Introduces FreeBSD to a new user. It describes the
history of the FreeBSD Project, its goals and development model.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 2, Installation</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Walks a user through the entire installation process.
Some advanced installation topics, such as installing through
a serial console, are also covered.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 3, Unix Basics</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Covers the basic commands and functionality of the
FreeBSD operating system. If you are familiar with Linux or
another flavor of Unix then you can probably skip this
chapter.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 4, Installing Applications</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Covers the installation of third-party software with
both FreeBSD's innovative <quote>Ports Collection</quote> and standard
binary packages.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 5, The X Window System</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes the X Window System in general and using
XFree86 on FreeBSD in particular. Also describes common
desktop environments such as <application>KDE</application> and <application>GNOME</application>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 6, Configuration and Tuning</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes the parameters available for system
administrators to tune a FreeBSD system for optimum
performance. Also describes the various configuration files
used in FreeBSD and where to find them.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 7, Booting Process</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes the FreeBSD boot process and explains
how to control this process with configuration options.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 8, Users and Basic Account
Management</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes the creation and manipulation of user
accounts. Also discusses resource limitations that can be
set on users and other account management tasks.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 9, Configuring the FreeBSD
Kernel</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Explains why you might need to configure a new kernel
and provides detailed instructions for configuring, building,
and installing a custom kernel.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 10, Security</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes many different tools available to help keep your
FreeBSD system secure, including Kerberos, IPsec, OpenSSH, and
network firewalls.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 11, Printing</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes managing printers on FreeBSD, including
information about banner pages, printer accounting, and
initial setup.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 12, Storage</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes how to manage storage media and filesystems
with FreeBSD. This includes physical disks, RAID arrays,
optical and tape media, memory-backed disks, and network
filesystems.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 13, Localization</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes how to use FreeBSD in languages other than
English. Covers both system and application level
localization.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 14, Sound</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Shows how to setup sound support for your system. Also
describes some sample audio applications.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 15, Serial Communications</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Explains how to connect terminals and modems to your
FreeBSD system for both dial in and dial out connections.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 16, PPP and SLIP</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes how to use PPP, SLIP, or PPP over Ethernet to
connect to remote systems with FreeBSD.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 17, Advanced Networking</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes many networking topics, including sharing an
Internet connection with other computers on your LAN, using
network filesystems, sharing account information via NIS,
setting up a name server, and much more.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 18, Electronic Mail</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Explains the different components of an email server and
dives into simple configuration topics for the most popular
mail server software:
<application>sendmail</application>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 19, The Cutting Edge</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Explains the differences between FreeBSD-STABLE,
FreeBSD-CURRENT, and FreeBSD releases. Describes which users
would benefit from tracking a development system and outlines
that process.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Chapter 20, Linux Binary Compatibility</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes the Linux compatibility features of FreeBSD.
Also provides detailed installation instructions for many
popular Linux applications such as <application>Oracle</application>, <application>SAP/R3</application>, and
<application>Mathematica</application>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Appendix A, Obtaining FreeBSD </emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Lists different sources for obtaining FreeBSD media on CDROM
or DVD as well as different sites on the Internet that allow
you to download and install FreeBSD.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Appendix B, Bibliography </emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>This book touches on many different subjects that may
leave you hungry for a more detailed explanation. The
bibliography lists many excellent books that are referenced in
the text.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Appendix C, Resources on the Internet</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Describes the many forums available for FreeBSD users to
post questions and engage in technical conversations about
FreeBSD.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Appendix D, PGP Keys</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>Lists the PGP fingerprints of several FreeBSD Developers.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<bridgehead id="preface-conv" renderas=sect1>Conventions used
in this book</bridgehead>
<para>To provide a consistent and easy to read text, several
conventions are followed throughout the book.</para>
<bridgehead id="preface-conv-typographic" renderas=sect2>Typographic
Conventions</bridgehead>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis>Italic</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>An <emphasis>italic</emphasis> font is used for filenames, URLs,
emphasized text, and the first usage of technical terms.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>Monospace</varname></term>
<listitem>
<para>A <varname>monospaced</varname> font is
used for error messages, commands, environment variables,
names of ports, hostnames, user names, group names, device
names, variables, and code fragments.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><application>Bold</application></term>
<listitem>
<para>A <application>bold</application> font is used for
applications, commands, and keys.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<!-- Var list -->
<bridgehead id="preface-conv-commands"
renderas=sect2>User Input</bridgehead>
<para>Keys are rendered in <keycap>bold</keycap> to stand out from
other text. Key combinations that are meant to be typed
simultaneously are rendered with `<literal>+</literal>' between
the keys, such as:</para>
<para>
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>Alt</keycap>
<keycap>Del</keycap>
</keycombo>
</para>
<para>Keys that are meant to be typed in sequence will be separated with
commas, for example:</para>
<para>
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>X</keycap>
</keycombo>,
<keycombo action="simul">
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap>
<keycap>S</keycap>
</keycombo>
</para>
<para>Would mean that the user is expected to type the
<keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and <keycap>X</keycap> keys simultaneously
and then to type the <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> and <keycap>S</keycap>
keys simultaneously.</para>
<!-- How to type in key stokes, etc.. -->
<bridgehead id="preface-conv-examples"
renderas=sect2>Examples</bridgehead>
<para>Examples starting with <devicename>E:\&gt;</devicename>
indicate a MS-DOS command. Unless otherwise noted, these commands
may be executed from a <quote>Command Prompt</quote> window in a modern Microsoft
Windows environment.</para>
<screen><prompt>E:\&gt;</prompt> <userinput>tools\fdimage floppies\kern.flp A:</userinput></screen>
<para>Examples starting with &prompt.root; indicate a command that
must be invoked as the superuser in FreeBSD. You can login as
<username>root</username> to type the command, or login as your
normal account and use &man.su.1; to gain
superuser privileges.</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>dd if=kern.flp of=/dev/fd0</userinput></screen>
<para>Examples starting with &prompt.user; indicate a command that
should be invoked from a normal user account. Unless otherwise
noted, C-shell syntax is used for setting environment variables
and other shell commands.</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>top</userinput></screen>
<bridgehead id="preface-acknowledgements"
renderas=sect1>Acknowledgments</bridgehead>
<para>The book you are holding represents the efforts of many hundreds of
people around the world. Whether they sent in fixes for typos, or
submitted complete chapters, all the contributions have been
useful.</para>
<para>Several companies have supported the development of this
document by paying authors to work on it full-time, paying for
publication, etc. In particular, BSDi (subsequently acquired by
<ulink url="http://www.windriver.com">Wind River Systems</ulink>)
paid members of the FreeBSD Documentation Project to work on
improving this book full time leading up to the publication of the
first printed edition in March 2000 (ISBN 1-57176-241-8). Wind
River Systems then paid several additional authors to make a
number of improvements to the print-output infrastructure and to add
additional chapters to the text. This work culminated in the
publication of the second printed edition in November 2001 (ISBN
1-57176-303-1).</para>
</preface>
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