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Add ~110 index entries to the Handbook.

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en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!-- <!--
The FreeBSD Documentation Project The FreeBSD Documentation Project
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml,v 1.68 2001/05/17 23:15:54 murray Exp $ $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/install/chapter.sgml,v 1.69 2001/06/21 17:20:58 murray Exp $
--> -->
<chapter id="install"> <chapter id="install">
@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
<sect1> <sect1>
<title>Synopsis</title> <title>Synopsis</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary></indexterm>
<para>The following chapter will attempt to guide you through the <para>The following chapter will attempt to guide you through the
installation of FreeBSD on your system. It can be installed through a installation of FreeBSD on your system. It can be installed through a
variety of methods, including anonymous FTP (assuming you have variety of methods, including anonymous FTP (assuming you have
@ -29,6 +30,9 @@
can also provide clues early-on in the process to potential problems can also provide clues early-on in the process to potential problems
you may come across later.</para> you may come across later.</para>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary>
<secondary>network</secondary>
<tertiary>anonymous FTP</tertiary></indexterm>
<para>If you plan to install FreeBSD via anonymous FTP, the only <para>If you plan to install FreeBSD via anonymous FTP, the only
things you will need are the <link things you will need are the <link
linkend="install-floppies">installation floppies</link>. The linkend="install-floppies">installation floppies</link>. The
@ -68,6 +72,10 @@
<sect3 id="install-floppies"> <sect3 id="install-floppies">
<title>Creating the Installation Floppies</title> <title>Creating the Installation Floppies</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary>
<secondary>boot floppies</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary>
<secondary>CDROM</secondary></indexterm>
<para>You may need to prepare some floppy disks. These disks will <para>You may need to prepare some floppy disks. These disks will
be used to boot your computer in to the FreeBSD install process. be used to boot your computer in to the FreeBSD install process.
This step is not necessary <emphasis>if</emphasis> you are This step is not necessary <emphasis>if</emphasis> you are
@ -143,6 +151,7 @@
files. Instead, you must use specific tools to write the files. Instead, you must use specific tools to write the
images directly to the disk.</para> images directly to the disk.</para>
<indexterm><primary>DOS</primary></indexterm>
<para>If you are creating the floppies on a computer running DOS <para>If you are creating the floppies on a computer running DOS
then we provide a tool to do this called then we provide a tool to do this called
<command>fdimage</command>.</para> <command>fdimage</command>.</para>
@ -202,6 +211,7 @@
CD of the set into the drive and reboot your system. You CD of the set into the drive and reboot your system. You
will be put into the installation menu directly from the CD.</para> will be put into the installation menu directly from the CD.</para>
<indexterm><primary>DOS</primary></indexterm>
<para>If you are installing from an MS-DOS partition and have <para>If you are installing from an MS-DOS partition and have
the proper drivers to access your CD, run the the proper drivers to access your CD, run the
<filename>install.bat</filename> script provided on the CDROM. <filename>install.bat</filename> script provided on the CDROM.
@ -217,6 +227,7 @@
<command>view</command>. This will bring up a DOS menu utility <command>view</command>. This will bring up a DOS menu utility
that leads you through all of the available options.</para> that leads you through all of the available options.</para>
<indexterm><primary>UNIX</primary></indexterm>
<para>If you are creating the boot floppies from a UNIX machine, <para>If you are creating the boot floppies from a UNIX machine,
see the <link linkend="install-floppies">Creating the Boot see the <link linkend="install-floppies">Creating the Boot
Floppies</link> section of this guide for examples.</para> Floppies</link> section of this guide for examples.</para>
@ -247,6 +258,7 @@
or not you actually use it as the installation media).</para> or not you actually use it as the installation media).</para>
</note> </note>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>network</secondary><tertiary>FTP</tertiary></indexterm>
<para>Finally, if you would like people to be able to FTP install <para>Finally, if you would like people to be able to FTP install
FreeBSD directly from the CDROM in your machine, you will find FreeBSD directly from the CDROM in your machine, you will find
it quite easy. After the machine is fully installed, you simply it quite easy. After the machine is fully installed, you simply
@ -270,6 +282,7 @@
<sect3> <sect3>
<title>Before installing from Floppies</title> <title>Before installing from Floppies</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>floppies</secondary></indexterm>
<para>If you must install from floppy disk (which we suggest you <para>If you must install from floppy disk (which we suggest you
do <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> do), either due to unsupported do <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> do), either due to unsupported
hardware or simply because you insist on doing things the hard hardware or simply because you insist on doing things the hard
@ -328,6 +341,7 @@
<sect3 id="install-msdos"> <sect3 id="install-msdos">
<title>Before Installing from MS-DOS</title> <title>Before Installing from MS-DOS</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>from MS-DOS</secondary></indexterm>
<para>To prepare for an installation from an MS-DOS partition, <para>To prepare for an installation from an MS-DOS partition,
copy the files from the distribution into a directory named, copy the files from the distribution into a directory named,
for example, <filename>c:\FreeBSD</filename>. The directory for example, <filename>c:\FreeBSD</filename>. The directory
@ -363,6 +377,8 @@
<sect3> <sect3>
<title>Before Installing from QIC/SCSI Tape</title> <title>Before Installing from QIC/SCSI Tape</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>from
QIC/SCSI Tape</secondary></indexterm>
<para>Installing from tape is probably the easiest method, short <para>Installing from tape is probably the easiest method, short
of an online FTP install or CDROM install. The installation of an online FTP install or CDROM install. The installation
program expects the files to be simply tarred onto the tape, so program expects the files to be simply tarred onto the tape, so
@ -392,6 +408,10 @@
<sect3> <sect3>
<title>Before Installing over a Network</title> <title>Before Installing over a Network</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>network</secondary><tertiary>serial
(SLIP or PPP)</tertiary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>network</secondary><tertiary>parallel (PLIP)</tertiary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>network</secondary><tertiary>Ethernet</tertiary></indexterm>
<para>There are three types of network installations you can do. <para>There are three types of network installations you can do.
Serial port (SLIP or PPP), Parallel port (PLIP (laplink cable)), Serial port (SLIP or PPP), Parallel port (PLIP (laplink cable)),
or Ethernet (a standard ethernet controller (includes some or Ethernet (a standard ethernet controller (includes some
@ -460,6 +480,7 @@
<sect4> <sect4>
<title>Before Installing via NFS</title> <title>Before Installing via NFS</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>network</secondary><tertiary>NFS</tertiary></indexterm>
<para>The NFS installation is fairly straight-forward. Simply <para>The NFS installation is fairly straight-forward. Simply
copy the FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server copy the FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server
somewhere and then point the NFS media selection at it.</para> somewhere and then point the NFS media selection at it.</para>
@ -493,6 +514,7 @@
<sect4> <sect4>
<title>Before Installing via FTP</title> <title>Before Installing via FTP</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>network</secondary><tertiary>FTP</tertiary></indexterm>
<para>FTP installation may be done from any FreeBSD mirror site <para>FTP installation may be done from any FreeBSD mirror site
containing a reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD. A full containing a reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD. A full
list of FTP mirrors located all over the world is provided list of FTP mirrors located all over the world is provided
@ -529,6 +551,7 @@
<term>FTP Passive</term> <term>FTP Passive</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>FTP</primary><secondary>Passive mode</secondary></indexterm>
<para>This option instructs FreeBSD to use <para>This option instructs FreeBSD to use
<quote>Passive</quote> mode for all FTP operations. <quote>Passive</quote> mode for all FTP operations.
This allows the user to pass through firewalls This allows the user to pass through firewalls
@ -541,6 +564,8 @@
<term>FTP via a HTTP proxy</term> <term>FTP via a HTTP proxy</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>FTP</primary><secondary>via a HTTP
proxy</secondary></indexterm>
<para>This option instructs FreeBSD to use the HTTP <para>This option instructs FreeBSD to use the HTTP
protocol (like a web browser) to connect to a proxy protocol (like a web browser) to connect to a proxy
for all FTP operations. The proxy will translate for all FTP operations. The proxy will translate
@ -609,6 +634,7 @@
the <ulink url="../FAQ/hardware.html">Hardware Guide</ulink> for a the <ulink url="../FAQ/hardware.html">Hardware Guide</ulink> for a
list of possible solutions.</para> list of possible solutions.</para>
<indexterm><primary>sysinstall</primary></indexterm>
<para>The FreeBSD boot floppies contain all of the online <para>The FreeBSD boot floppies contain all of the online
documentation you should need to be able to navigate through an documentation you should need to be able to navigate through an
installation. If it does not, please let us know what you found installation. If it does not, please let us know what you found
@ -648,6 +674,9 @@
you may have.</para> you may have.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>standard</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>express</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>custom</secondary></indexterm>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Select a Standard, Express, or Custom install, depending on <para>Select a Standard, Express, or Custom install, depending on
whether or not you would like the installation to help you whether or not you would like the installation to help you
@ -676,6 +705,7 @@
<sect1 id="install-hw"> <sect1 id="install-hw">
<title>Supported Hardware</title> <title>Supported Hardware</title>
<indexterm><primary>hardware</primary></indexterm>
<para>FreeBSD currently runs on a wide variety of ISA, VLB, EISA, and <para>FreeBSD currently runs on a wide variety of ISA, VLB, EISA, and
PCI bus based PCs, ranging from the 386SX to Pentium class machines PCI bus based PCs, ranging from the 386SX to Pentium class machines
(though the 386SX is not recommended). Support for generic IDE or (though the 386SX is not recommended). Support for generic IDE or
@ -694,7 +724,7 @@
<sect2> <sect2>
<title>Disk Controllers</title> <title>Disk Controllers</title>
<indexterm><primary>disk controllers</primary></indexterm>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>WD1003 (any generic MFM/RLL)</para> <para>WD1003 (any generic MFM/RLL)</para>
@ -904,6 +934,7 @@
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>network cards</primary></indexterm>
<para>Adaptec Duralink PCI fast ethernet adapters based on the <para>Adaptec Duralink PCI fast ethernet adapters based on the
Adaptec AIC-6195 fast ethernet controller chip, including the Adaptec AIC-6195 fast ethernet controller chip, including the
following:</para> following:</para>
@ -1153,6 +1184,7 @@
<sect2 id="install-usb"> <sect2 id="install-usb">
<title>USB Peripherals</title> <title>USB Peripherals</title>
<indexterm><primary>USB Peripherals</primary></indexterm>
<para>A wide range of USB peripherals are supported. Owing to the <para>A wide range of USB peripherals are supported. Owing to the
generic nature of most USB devices, with some exceptions any generic nature of most USB devices, with some exceptions any
device of a given class will be supported even if not explicitly device of a given class will be supported even if not explicitly
@ -1310,6 +1342,7 @@
<sect2 id="install-isdn"> <sect2 id="install-isdn">
<title>ISDN (European DSS1 [Q.921/Q.931] protocol)</title> <title>ISDN (European DSS1 [Q.921/Q.931] protocol)</title>
<indexterm><primary>ISDN</primary></indexterm>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para>Asuscom I-IN100-ST-DV (experimental, may work)</para> <para>Asuscom I-IN100-ST-DV (experimental, may work)</para>
@ -1433,6 +1466,7 @@
<para>The following soundcards or codecs are supported (devices marked <para>The following soundcards or codecs are supported (devices marked
'experimental' are only supported in FreeBSD-CURRENT and might 'experimental' are only supported in FreeBSD-CURRENT and might
work only unstably):</para> work only unstably):</para>
<indexterm><primary>sound cards</primary></indexterm>
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
@ -1655,6 +1689,7 @@
<sect1 id="install-trouble"> <sect1 id="install-trouble">
<title>Troubleshooting</title> <title>Troubleshooting</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>troubleshooting</secondary></indexterm>
<para>The following section covers basic installation troubleshooting, <para>The following section covers basic installation troubleshooting,
such as common problems people have reported. There are also a few such as common problems people have reported. There are also a few
questions and answers for people wishing to dual-boot FreeBSD with questions and answers for people wishing to dual-boot FreeBSD with
@ -1725,6 +1760,7 @@
<sect2> <sect2>
<title>MS-DOS User's Questions and Answers</title> <title>MS-DOS User's Questions and Answers</title>
<indexterm><primary>DOS</primary></indexterm>
<para>Many users wish to install FreeBSD on PCs inhabited by MS-DOS. <para>Many users wish to install FreeBSD on PCs inhabited by MS-DOS.
Here are some commonly asked questions about installing FreeBSD on Here are some commonly asked questions about installing FreeBSD on
such systems.</para> such systems.</para>
@ -1744,6 +1780,7 @@
CDROM or various FreeBSD FTP sites to be quite CDROM or various FreeBSD FTP sites to be quite
useful.</para> useful.</para>
<indexterm><primary>FIPS</primary></indexterm>
<para>FIPS allows you to split an existing MS-DOS partition <para>FIPS allows you to split an existing MS-DOS partition
into two pieces, preserving the original partition and into two pieces, preserving the original partition and
allowing you to install onto the second free piece. You allowing you to install onto the second free piece. You
@ -1757,7 +1794,8 @@
for an estimate of how much free space you will need for the for an estimate of how much free space you will need for the
kind of installation you want.</para> kind of installation you want.</para>
<para>There is also a <emphasis>very</emphasis> useful <indexterm><primary>Partition Magic</primary></indexterm>
<para>There is also a <emphasis>very</emphasis> useful
product from <ulink product from <ulink
url="http://www.powerquest.com/">PowerQuest</ulink> url="http://www.powerquest.com/">PowerQuest</ulink>
called <application>Partition Magic</application>. This called <application>Partition Magic</application>. This
@ -1796,6 +1834,8 @@
</question> </question>
<answer> <answer>
<indexterm><primary>partitions</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>slices</primary></indexterm>
<para>Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end <para>Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end
of the other <quote>slices</quote> in FreeBSD, e.g., your of the other <quote>slices</quote> in FreeBSD, e.g., your
<devicename>D:</devicename> drive might be <devicename>D:</devicename> drive might be
@ -1830,6 +1870,9 @@
<title>Installing FreeBSD on a system without a monitor or <title>Installing FreeBSD on a system without a monitor or
keyboard</title> keyboard</title>
<indexterm><primary>installation</primary><secondary>headless
(serial console)</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>serial console</primary></indexterm>
<para>This type of installation is called a "headless install", <para>This type of installation is called a "headless install",
because the machine that you are trying to install FreeBSD on because the machine that you are trying to install FreeBSD on
either doesnt have a monitor attached to it, or doesnt even either doesnt have a monitor attached to it, or doesnt even
@ -1871,6 +1914,7 @@
files. Instead, you must use specific tools to write the files. Instead, you must use specific tools to write the
images directly to the disk.</para> images directly to the disk.</para>
<indexterm><primary>fdimage</primary></indexterm>
<para>If you are creating the floppies on a computer running <para>If you are creating the floppies on a computer running
DOS then we provide a tool to do this called DOS then we provide a tool to do this called
<command>fdimage</command>.</para> <command>fdimage</command>.</para>
@ -1915,6 +1959,7 @@
<para>Do not try to mount the floppy if it is write-protected</para> <para>Do not try to mount the floppy if it is write-protected</para>
</warning> </warning>
<indexterm><primary>mount</primary></indexterm>
<para>If you were to boot into the floppies that you just <para>If you were to boot into the floppies that you just
made, FreeBSD would boot into its normal install mode. We made, FreeBSD would boot into its normal install mode. We
want FreeBSD to boot into a serial console for our want FreeBSD to boot into a serial console for our
@ -1951,6 +1996,7 @@
<step> <step>
<title>Connecting your null modem cable</title> <title>Connecting your null modem cable</title>
<indexterm><primary>null modem cable</primary></indexterm>
<para>You now need to connect a null modem cable between <para>You now need to connect a null modem cable between
the two machines. Just connect the cable to the serial the two machines. Just connect the cable to the serial
ports of the 2 machines. <emphasis>A normal serial cable ports of the 2 machines. <emphasis>A normal serial cable
@ -1970,6 +2016,7 @@
<step> <step>
<title>Connecting to your headless machine</title> <title>Connecting to your headless machine</title>
<indexterm><primary>cu</primary></indexterm>
<para>Now you have to connect to that machine with <para>Now you have to connect to that machine with
&man.cu.1;:</para> &man.cu.1;:</para>

113
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
<!-- <!--
The FreeBSD Documentation Project The FreeBSD Documentation Project
$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.sgml,v 1.35 2000/11/16 07:41:52 jkh Exp $ $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/introduction/chapter.sgml,v 1.36 2001/03/01 09:31:16 jkh Exp $
--> -->
<chapter id="introduction"> <chapter id="introduction">
@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
covers various items about the FreeBSD Project, such as its history, covers various items about the FreeBSD Project, such as its history,
goals, development model, and so on.</para> goals, development model, and so on.</para>
<indexterm><primary>4.4BSD-Lite</primary></indexterm>
<para>FreeBSD is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for the Intel <para>FreeBSD is a 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system for the Intel
architecture (x86) and DEC Alpha based systems. Ports to other architecture (x86) and DEC Alpha based systems. Ports to other
architectures are also underway. For a brief overview of FreeBSD, architectures are also underway. For a brief overview of FreeBSD,
@ -38,6 +40,9 @@
<sect2> <sect2>
<title>What is FreeBSD?</title> <title>What is FreeBSD?</title>
<indexterm><primary>Intel architecture (x86)</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>DEC Alpha architecture</primary></indexterm>
<para>In general, FreeBSD is a state-of-the-art operating system <para>In general, FreeBSD is a state-of-the-art operating system
based on 4.4BSD-Lite. It runs on computer systems based on the based on 4.4BSD-Lite. It runs on computer systems based on the
Intel architecture (x86), and also the DEC Alpha Intel architecture (x86), and also the DEC Alpha
@ -48,37 +53,45 @@
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>Yahoo!</primary></indexterm>
<para><ulink url="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo!</ulink></para> <para><ulink url="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo!</ulink></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>Hotmail</primary></indexterm>
<para><ulink url="http://www.hotmail.com/">Hotmail</ulink></para> <para><ulink url="http://www.hotmail.com/">Hotmail</ulink></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>Apache</primary></indexterm>
<para><ulink url="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</ulink></para> <para><ulink url="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</ulink></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>Be, Inc.</primary></indexterm>
<para><ulink url="http://www.be.com/">Be, Inc.</ulink></para> <para><ulink url="http://www.be.com/">Be, Inc.</ulink></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>Blue Mountain Arts</primary></indexterm>
<para><ulink url="http://www.bluemountain.com/">Blue Mountain <para><ulink url="http://www.bluemountain.com/">Blue Mountain
Arts</ulink></para> Arts</ulink></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>Pair Networks</primary></indexterm>
<para><ulink url="http://www.pair.com/">Pair <para><ulink url="http://www.pair.com/">Pair
Networks</ulink></para> Networks</ulink></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>Whistle Communications</primary></indexterm>
<para><ulink url="http://www.whistle.com/">Whistle <para><ulink url="http://www.whistle.com/">Whistle
Communications</ulink></para> Communications</ulink></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>BSDi</primary></indexterm>
<para><ulink url="http://www.osd.bsdi.com/">BSDi</ulink></para> <para><ulink url="http://www.osd.bsdi.com/">BSDi</ulink></para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
@ -94,6 +107,7 @@
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>preemptive multitasking</primary></indexterm>
<para><emphasis>Preemptive multitasking</emphasis> with <para><emphasis>Preemptive multitasking</emphasis> with
dynamic priority adjustment to ensure smooth and fair dynamic priority adjustment to ensure smooth and fair
sharing of the computer between applications and users, even sharing of the computer between applications and users, even
@ -101,6 +115,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>multi-user facilities</primary></indexterm>
<para><emphasis>Multi-user facilities</emphasis> which allow many <para><emphasis>Multi-user facilities</emphasis> which allow many
people to use a FreeBSD system simultaneously for a variety people to use a FreeBSD system simultaneously for a variety
of things. This means, for example, that system peripherals of things. This means, for example, that system peripherals
@ -111,6 +126,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>TCP/IP networking</primary></indexterm>
<para>Strong <emphasis>TCP/IP networking</emphasis> with <para>Strong <emphasis>TCP/IP networking</emphasis> with
support for industry standards such as SLIP, PPP, NFS, DHCP, support for industry standards such as SLIP, PPP, NFS, DHCP,
and NIS. This means that your FreeBSD machine can and NIS. This means that your FreeBSD machine can
@ -122,6 +138,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>memory protection</primary></indexterm>
<para><emphasis>Memory protection</emphasis> ensures that <para><emphasis>Memory protection</emphasis> ensures that
applications (or users) cannot interfere with each other. One applications (or users) cannot interfere with each other. One
application crashing will not affect others in any way.</para> application crashing will not affect others in any way.</para>
@ -134,6 +151,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>X-Windows</primary></indexterm>
<para>The industry standard <emphasis>X Window System</emphasis> <para>The industry standard <emphasis>X Window System</emphasis>
(X11R6) provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for the cost (X11R6) provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for the cost
of a common VGA card and monitor and comes with full of a common VGA card and monitor and comes with full
@ -141,6 +159,16 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>binary compatibility</primary>
<secondary>Linux</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>binary compatibility</primary>
<secondary>SCO</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>binary compatibility</primary>
<secondary>SVR4</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>binary compatibility</primary>
<secondary>BSD/OS</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>binary compatibility</primary>
<secondary>NetBSD</secondary></indexterm>
<para><emphasis>Binary compatibility</emphasis> with many <para><emphasis>Binary compatibility</emphasis> with many
programs built for Linux, SCO, SVR4, BSDI and NetBSD.</para> programs built for Linux, SCO, SVR4, BSDI and NetBSD.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -162,6 +190,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>virtual memory</primary></indexterm>
<para>Demand paged <emphasis>virtual memory</emphasis> and <para>Demand paged <emphasis>virtual memory</emphasis> and
<quote>merged VM/buffer cache</quote> design efficiently <quote>merged VM/buffer cache</quote> design efficiently
satisfies applications with large appetites for memory while satisfies applications with large appetites for memory while
@ -169,11 +198,18 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>Symetric Multi-Processing (SMP)</primary></indexterm>
<para><emphasis>SMP</emphasis> support for machines with <para><emphasis>SMP</emphasis> support for machines with
multiple CPUs (Intel only).</para> multiple CPUs (Intel only).</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>compilers</primary>
<secondary>C</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>compilers</primary>
<secondary>C++</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>compilers</primary>
<secondary>Fortran</secondary></indexterm>
<para>A full complement of <emphasis>C</emphasis>, <para>A full complement of <emphasis>C</emphasis>,
<emphasis>C++</emphasis>, <emphasis>Fortran</emphasis>, and <emphasis>C++</emphasis>, <emphasis>Fortran</emphasis>, and
<emphasis>Perl</emphasis> development tools. <emphasis>Perl</emphasis> development tools.
@ -183,6 +219,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>source code</primary></indexterm>
<para><emphasis>Source code</emphasis> for the entire system <para><emphasis>Source code</emphasis> for the entire system
means you have the greatest degree of control over your means you have the greatest degree of control over your
environment. Why be locked into a proprietary solution environment. Why be locked into a proprietary solution
@ -200,6 +237,10 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
<indexterm><primary>4.4BSD-Lite</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Computer Systems Resarch Group
(CSRG)</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>U.C. Berkeley</primary></indexterm>
<para>FreeBSD is based on the 4.4BSD-Lite release from Computer <para>FreeBSD is based on the 4.4BSD-Lite release from Computer
Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California at Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California at
Berkeley, and carries on the distinguished tradition of BSD Berkeley, and carries on the distinguished tradition of BSD
@ -237,24 +278,30 @@
<itemizedlist> <itemizedlist>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>FTP servers</primary></indexterm>
<para>FTP servers</para> <para>FTP servers</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>web servers</primary></indexterm>
<para>World Wide Web servers (standard or secure <para>World Wide Web servers (standard or secure
[SSL])</para> [SSL])</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>firewalls</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>IP masquerading</primary></indexterm>
<para>Firewalls and NAT (<quote>IP masquerading</quote>) <para>Firewalls and NAT (<quote>IP masquerading</quote>)
gateways.</para> gateways.</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>electronic mail</primary></indexterm>
<para>Electronic Mail servers</para> <para>Electronic Mail servers</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>USENET</primary></indexterm>
<para>USENET News or Bulletin Board Systems</para> <para>USENET News or Bulletin Board Systems</para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -293,6 +340,8 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>router</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>DNS Server</primary></indexterm>
<para><emphasis>Networking:</emphasis> Need a new router? A <para><emphasis>Networking:</emphasis> Need a new router? A
name server (DNS)? A firewall to keep people out of your name server (DNS)? A firewall to keep people out of your
internal network? FreeBSD can easily turn that unused 386 or internal network? FreeBSD can easily turn that unused 386 or
@ -301,6 +350,10 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>X-Windows</primary>
<secondary>XFree86</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>X-Windows</primary>
<secondary>Accellerated-X</secondary></indexterm>
<para><emphasis>X Window workstation:</emphasis> FreeBSD is a <para><emphasis>X Window workstation:</emphasis> FreeBSD is a
fine choice for an inexpensive X terminal solution, either fine choice for an inexpensive X terminal solution, either
using the freely available XFree86 server or one of the using the freely available XFree86 server or one of the
@ -313,6 +366,7 @@
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>GNU Compiler Collection</primary></indexterm>
<para><emphasis>Software Development:</emphasis> The basic <para><emphasis>Software Development:</emphasis> The basic
FreeBSD system comes with a full complement of development FreeBSD system comes with a full complement of development
tools including the renowned GNU C/C++ compiler and tools including the renowned GNU C/C++ compiler and
@ -337,12 +391,19 @@
<title>A Brief History of FreeBSD</title> <title>A Brief History of FreeBSD</title>
<para><emphasis>Contributed by &a.jkh;</emphasis>.</para> <para><emphasis>Contributed by &a.jkh;</emphasis>.</para>
<indexterm><primary>386BSD Patchkit</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Hubbard, Jordan</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Williams, Nate</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Grimes, Rod</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>FreeBSD Project</primary>
<secondary>History</secondary></indexterm>
<para>The FreeBSD project had its genesis in the early part of 1993, <para>The FreeBSD project had its genesis in the early part of 1993,
partially as an outgrowth of the <quote>Unofficial 386BSD partially as an outgrowth of the <quote>Unofficial 386BSD
Patchkit</quote> by the patchkit's last 3 coordinators: Nate Patchkit</quote> by the patchkit's last 3 coordinators: Nate
Williams, Rod Grimes and myself.</para> Williams, Rod Grimes and myself.</para>
<indexterm><primary>386BSD</primary></indexterm>
<para>Our original goal was to produce an intermediate snapshot of <para>Our original goal was to produce an intermediate snapshot of
386BSD in order to fix a number of problems with it that the 386BSD in order to fix a number of problems with it that the
patchkit mechanism just was not capable of solving. Some of you patchkit mechanism just was not capable of solving. Some of you
@ -350,6 +411,7 @@
<quote>386BSD 0.5</quote> or <quote>386BSD Interim</quote> in <quote>386BSD 0.5</quote> or <quote>386BSD Interim</quote> in
reference to that fact.</para> reference to that fact.</para>
<indexterm><primary>Jolitz, Bill</primary></indexterm>
<para>386BSD was Bill Jolitz's operating system, which had been up <para>386BSD was Bill Jolitz's operating system, which had been up
to that point suffering rather severely from almost a year's worth to that point suffering rather severely from almost a year's worth
of neglect. As the patchkit swelled ever more uncomfortably with of neglect. As the patchkit swelled ever more uncomfortably with
@ -360,6 +422,8 @@
sanction from the project without any clear indication of what sanction from the project without any clear indication of what
would be done instead.</para> would be done instead.</para>
<indexterm><primary>Greenman, David</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Walnut Creek CDROM</primary></indexterm>
<para>It did not take us long to decide that the goal remained <para>It did not take us long to decide that the goal remained
worthwhile, even without Bill's support, and so we adopted the worthwhile, even without Bill's support, and so we adopted the
name <quote>FreeBSD</quote>, coined by David Greenman. Our initial name <quote>FreeBSD</quote>, coined by David Greenman. Our initial
@ -375,6 +439,11 @@
the time, a completely unknown project, it is quite unlikely that the time, a completely unknown project, it is quite unlikely that
FreeBSD would have gotten as far, as fast, as it has today.</para> FreeBSD would have gotten as far, as fast, as it has today.</para>
<indexterm><primary>4.3BSD-Lite</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Net/2</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>U.C. Berkeley</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>386BSD</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Free Software Foundation</primary></indexterm>
<para>The first CDROM (and general net-wide) distribution was <para>The first CDROM (and general net-wide) distribution was
FreeBSD 1.0, released in December of 1993. This was based on the FreeBSD 1.0, released in December of 1993. This was based on the
4.3BSD-Lite (<quote>Net/2</quote>) tape from U.C. Berkeley, with 4.3BSD-Lite (<quote>Net/2</quote>) tape from U.C. Berkeley, with
@ -383,6 +452,10 @@
offering, and we followed it with the highly successful FreeBSD offering, and we followed it with the highly successful FreeBSD
1.1 release in May of 1994.</para> 1.1 release in May of 1994.</para>
<indexterm><primary>Novell</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>U.C. Berkeley</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Net/2</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>AT&amp;T</primary></indexterm>
<para>Around this time, some rather unexpected storm clouds formed <para>Around this time, some rather unexpected storm clouds formed
on the horizon as Novell and U.C. Berkeley settled their on the horizon as Novell and U.C. Berkeley settled their
long-running lawsuit over the legal status of the Berkeley Net/2 long-running lawsuit over the legal status of the Berkeley Net/2
@ -458,6 +531,8 @@
<para><emphasis>Contributed by &a.jkh;</emphasis>.</para> <para><emphasis>Contributed by &a.jkh;</emphasis>.</para>
<indexterm><primary>FreeBSD Project</primary>
<secondary>Goals</secondary></indexterm>
<para>The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that <para>The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that
may be used for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of may be used for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of
us have a significant investment in the code (and project) and us have a significant investment in the code (and project) and
@ -470,14 +545,18 @@
goals of Free Software and one that we enthusiastically goals of Free Software and one that we enthusiastically
support.</para> support.</para>
<para>That code in our source tree which falls under the GNU General <indexterm><primary>GNU General Public License (GPL)</primary>
Public License (GPL) or Library General Public License (LGPL) <indexterm><primary>GNU Lesser General Public License
comes with slightly more strings attached, though at least on the (LGPL)</primary>
side of enforced access rather than the usual opposite. Due to <indexterm><primary>BSD Copyright</primary>
the additional complexities that can evolve in the commercial use <para>That code in our source tree which falls under the GNU
of GPL software we do, however, prefer software submitted under General Public License (GPL) or Library General Public License
the more relaxed BSD copyright when it's a reasonable option to (LGPL) comes with slightly more strings attached, though at
do so.</para> least on the side of enforced access rather than the usual
opposite. Due to the additional complexities that can evolve
in the commercial use of GPL software we do, however, prefer
software submitted under the more relaxed BSD copyright when
it's a reasonable option to do so.</para>
</sect2> </sect2>
<sect2 id="development"> <sect2 id="development">
@ -485,6 +564,8 @@
<para><emphasis>Contributed by &a.asami;</emphasis>.</para> <para><emphasis>Contributed by &a.asami;</emphasis>.</para>
<indexterm><primary>FreeBSD Project</primary>
<secondary>Development Model</secondary></indexterm>
<para>The development of FreeBSD is a very open and flexible <para>The development of FreeBSD is a very open and flexible
process, FreeBSD being literally built from the contributions of process, FreeBSD being literally built from the contributions of
hundreds of people around the world, as can be seen from our hundreds of people around the world, as can be seen from our
@ -505,6 +586,8 @@
id="development-cvs-repository"></term> id="development-cvs-repository"></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>CVS Repository</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Concurrent Version System (see CVS repository)</primary></indexterm>
<para>The central source tree for FreeBSD is maintained by <para>The central source tree for FreeBSD is maintained by
<ulink url="http://www.cyclic.com/CVS/index_html">CVS</ulink> <ulink url="http://www.cyclic.com/CVS/index_html">CVS</ulink>
(Concurrent Version System), a freely available source code (Concurrent Version System), a freely available source code
@ -527,6 +610,7 @@
id="development-committers"></term> id="development-committers"></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>committers</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <link linkend="staff-committers">committers</link> <para>The <link linkend="staff-committers">committers</link>
are the people who have <emphasis>write</emphasis> access to are the people who have <emphasis>write</emphasis> access to
the CVS tree, and are thus authorized to make modifications the CVS tree, and are thus authorized to make modifications
@ -545,6 +629,7 @@
<term>The FreeBSD core team<anchor id="development-core"></term> <term>The FreeBSD core team<anchor id="development-core"></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>core team</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <link linkend="staff-core">FreeBSD core team</link> <para>The <link linkend="staff-core">FreeBSD core team</link>
would be equivalent to the board of directors if the FreeBSD would be equivalent to the board of directors if the FreeBSD
Project were a company. The primary task of the core team Project were a company. The primary task of the core team
@ -580,6 +665,7 @@
<term>Outside contributors</term> <term>Outside contributors</term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<indexterm><primary>contributors</primary></indexterm>
<para>Last, but definitely not least, the largest group of <para>Last, but definitely not least, the largest group of
developers are the users themselves who provide feedback and developers are the users themselves who provide feedback and
bug fixes to us on an almost constant basis. The primary bug fixes to us on an almost constant basis. The primary
@ -620,6 +706,13 @@
<sect2 id="relnotes"> <sect2 id="relnotes">
<title>The Current FreeBSD Release</title> <title>The Current FreeBSD Release</title>
<indexterm><primary>NetBSD</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>OpenBSD</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>386BSD</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Free Software Foundation</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>U.C. Berkeley</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Computer Systems Resarch Group
(CSRG)</primary></indexterm>
<para>FreeBSD is a freely available, full source 4.4BSD-Lite based <para>FreeBSD is a freely available, full source 4.4BSD-Lite based
release for Intel i386, i486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Celeron, release for Intel i386, i486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Celeron,
Pentium II, Pentium III (or compatible) and DEC Alpha based computer Pentium II, Pentium III (or compatible) and DEC Alpha based computer