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Now that we have stylesheets that generate links to man.cgi in the html

Browse source 
output, start removing the old hardcoded links.

Reviewed by:	alex
Inspired by:	German translation
This commit is contained in:
Udo Erdelhoff 2001-05-07 17:31:06 +00:00
parent e987a4430a
commit cd2b871718
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-08 03:00:23 +00:00 
svn path=/head/; revision=9378
2 changed files with 202 additions and 298 deletions
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250
en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml
View file

@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
<corpauthor>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</corpauthor>
<pubdate>$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml,v 1.188 2001/05/01 17:56:53 nik Exp $</pubdate>
<pubdate>$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml,v 1.189 2001/05/04 05:11:18 dd Exp $</pubdate>
<copyright>
<year>1995</year>
@ -2755,8 +2755,7 @@ Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
<para>Some unnamed clone cards have also been known to work,
especially those that claim to be AST compatible.</para>
<para>Check the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio(4)">sio</ulink>
<para>Check the &man.sio.4;
man page to get more information on configuring such cards.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
@ -3012,9 +3011,8 @@ moused_flags=""</programlisting>
paste the text. Pressing the button 3 will
<quote>extend</quote> the selected region of text. If your
mouse does not have the middle button, you may wish to emulate
it or remap buttons using moused options. See the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused(8)">
moused(8)</ulink> man page for details.</para>
it or remap buttons using moused options. See the
&man.moused.8; man page for details.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
@ -3215,13 +3213,13 @@ diff -u -r1.60.2.1 -r1.60.2.2
</question>
<answer>
<para>FreeBSD 2.2 supports SCSI changers using the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ch(4)">ch(4)</ulink>
device and the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio(1)">chio(1)</ulink>
<para>FreeBSD 2.2 supports SCSI changers using the
&man.ch.4;
device and the
&man.chio.1;
command. The details of how you actually control the changer
can be found in the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio(4)">chio(1)</ulink>
can be found in the
&man.chio.1;
man page.</para>
<para>If you're not using <ulink
@ -3738,16 +3736,13 @@ quit</programlisting>
</question>
<answer>
<para>You have to tell <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount(8)">mount</ulink>
<para>You have to tell &man.mount.8;
the type of the device that you want to mount. By default,
<ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount(8)">mount(8)</ulink>
&man.mount.8;
will assume the filesystem is of type <literal>ufs</literal>.
You want to mount a CDROM filesystem, and you do this by
specifying the <option>-t cd9660</option> option to <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount(8)">
mount(8)</ulink>. This does, of course, assume that the
specifying the <option>-t cd9660</option> option to
&man.mount.8;. This does, of course, assume that the
CDROM contains an ISO 9660 filesystem, which is what most CDROMs
have. As of 1.1R, FreeBSD automatically understands the Rock
Ridge (long filename) extensions as well.</para>
@ -3965,8 +3960,7 @@ quit</programlisting>
<para>This is a known problem with the ATI Mach 64 video card.
The problem is that this card uses address
<literal>2e8</literal>, and the fourth serial port does too.
Due to a bug (feature?) in the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio(4)">sio(4)</ulink>
Due to a bug (feature?) in the &man.sio.4;
driver it will touch this port even if you don't have the
fourth serial port, and <emphasis remap=bf>even</emphasis> if
you disable sio3 (the fourth port) which normally uses this
@ -5423,8 +5417,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr</programlisting>
comments to show what to put in there.</para>
<para>In post-2.2.1 and 3.0, <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>
was renamed to a more self-describing <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)">rc.conf</ulink>
was renamed to a more self-describing &man.rc.conf.5;
file and the syntax cleaned up a bit in the process.
<filename>/etc/netstart</filename> was also renamed to
<filename>/etc/rc.network</filename> so that all files could be
@ -5466,14 +5459,11 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr</programlisting>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Use the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?adduser">adduser</ulink>
command. For more complicated usage, the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?pw">pw</ulink>
<para>Use the &man.adduser.8;
command. For more complicated usage, the &man.pw.8;
command.</para>
<para>To remove the user again, use the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rmuser">rmuser</ulink>
<para>To remove the user again, use the &man.rmuser.8;
command. Once again, <command>pw</command> will work as
well.</para>
</answer>
@ -5531,8 +5521,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr</programlisting>
file system on it. You'll get long filename support, at least a
2X improvement in performance, and a lot more stability. First,
you need to redo the DOS-level partitions/filesystems. You can
either use <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdisk">fdisk</ulink> or
either use &man.fdisk.8; or
<filename>/stand/sysinstall</filename>, or for a small drive
that you don't want to bother with multiple operating system
support on, just blow away the whole FAT partition table
@ -5703,8 +5692,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr</programlisting>
<para><emphasis remap=bf> Linux</emphasis>: 2.2 and later have
support for <emphasis remap=bf>ext2fs</emphasis> partitions.
See <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount_ext2fs">mount_ext2fs</ulink>
See &man.mount.ext2fs.8;
for more information.</para>
<para><emphasis remap=bf> NT</emphasis>: A read-only NTFS driver
@ -5847,8 +5835,8 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting>
<screen>Boot: <userinput>1:da(0,a)/kernel</userinput></screen>
<para>On FreeBSD 2.2.5 and later, you can configure <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?boot(8)">boot(8)</ulink>
<para>On FreeBSD 2.2.5 and later, you can configure
&man.boot.8;
to automatically do this for you at boot time.</para>
<para>The <ulink
@ -6122,13 +6110,11 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting>
<para>Both the <filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</filename>
and the <filename>.kbd</filename> extension are assumed by
<ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?kbdcontrol">
kbdcontrol</ulink>.</para>
&man.kbdcontrol.1;.</para>
<para>This can be configured in <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>
(or <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)">
rc.conf</ulink>). See the appropriate comments in this
(or
&man.rc.conf.5;). See the appropriate comments in this
file.</para>
<para>In 2.0.5R and later, everything related to text fonts,
@ -6408,8 +6394,8 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging</programlisting>
<para>Tweaking <filename>/etc/sendmail.cf</filename> manually is
considered something for purists. Sendmail version 8 comes with
a new approach of generating config files via some <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?m4">m4</ulink>
a new approach of generating config files via some
&man.m4.1;
preprocessing, where the actual hand-crafted configuration is
on a higher abstraction level. You should use the configuration
files under
@ -6728,8 +6714,8 @@ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl</programlisting>
in-place, with the original file stored with a .bak
extension.</para>
<para>Alternatively you can use the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tr">tr</ulink>
<para>Alternatively you can use the
&man.tr.1;
command:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>tr -d '\r' &lt; <replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> &gt; <replaceable>unix-file</replaceable></userinput></screen>
@ -6746,9 +6732,7 @@ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl</programlisting>
<para>How do I kill processes by name?</para>
</question><answer>
<para>Use <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?killall">
killall</ulink>.</para>
<para>Use &man.killall.1;.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
@ -7909,8 +7893,7 @@ ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure</programlisting>
by default. On a multi-user system, one doesn't necessarily
want just any user to be able to write on the system console.
For users who are logging directly onto a machine with a VTY,
the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab">fbtab</ulink>
the &man.fbtab.5;
file exists to solve such problems.</para>
<para>In a nutshell, make sure an uncommented line of the
@ -8304,22 +8287,20 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
<para>Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit
us from providing packet forwarding by default in FreeBSD. You
can however enable this feature by changing the following
variable to <literal>YES</literal> in <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf">
rc.conf</ulink>:</para>
variable to <literal>YES</literal> in
&man.rc.conf.5;:</para>
<programlisting>gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway</programlisting>
<para>This option will put the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysctl">
sysctl</ulink> variable
<para>This option will put the
&man.sysctl.8; variable
<filename>net.inet.ip.forwarding</filename>
to <literal>1</literal>.</para>
<para>In most cases, you will also need to run a routing process
to tell other systems on your network about your router;
FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?routed">routed</ulink>,
FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon
&man.routed.8;
or for more complex situations you may want to try
<emphasis>GaTeD</emphasis> (available from <ulink
URL="http://www.gated.org/"> http://www.gated.org/ </ulink>)
@ -8412,14 +8393,13 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
<para>If you have a local subnet (one or more local machines),
but have been allocated only a single IP number from your
Internet provider (or even if you receive a dynamic IP number),
you may want to look at the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?natd">natd</ulink>
you may want to look at the &man.natd.8;
program. <command>natd</command> allows you to connect an
entire subnet to the internet using only a single IP
number.</para>
<para>The <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">
ppp</ulink> program has similar functionality built in via
<para>The &man.ppp.8;
program has similar functionality built in via
the <option>-nat</option> switch. The <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias">
alias library</ulink> is used in both cases.</para>
@ -8451,9 +8431,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
<para>How can I setup Ethernet aliases?</para>
</question><answer>
<para>Add <literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal> to your <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig">
ifconfig</ulink> command-line like the following:</para>
<para>Add <literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal> to your
&man.ifconfig.8; command-line like the following:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff</userinput></screen>
</answer>
@ -8467,9 +8446,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify
an additional parameter on the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig">
ifconfig</ulink> command line. The default port is
an additional parameter on the
&man.ifconfig.8; command line. The default port is
<literal>link0</literal>. To use the AUI port instead of the
BNC one, use <literal>link2</literal>. These flags should be
specified using the ifconfig_* variables in <ulink
@ -8894,8 +8872,7 @@ Znyx (2.2.x) ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, ZX348
</question>
<answer>
<para>The Berkeley Packet Filter <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?bpf">(bpf)</ulink>
<para>The Berkeley Packet Filter (&man.bpf.4;)
driver needs to be enabled before running programs that
utilize it. Add this to your kernel config file and build
a new kernel:</para>
@ -9000,9 +8977,9 @@ Znyx (2.2.x) ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, ZX348
</question>
<answer>
<para>You should first read the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">
ppp man page</ulink> and the <ulink
<para>You should first read the
&man.ppp.8;
man page and the <ulink
URL="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP">
ppp section of the handbook</ulink>. Enable logging with
the command</para>
@ -9077,8 +9054,7 @@ default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0
<para>This is assuming that you've used the addresses from the
handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file.
If you haven't got a default route, it may be because you're
running an old version of <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink>
running an old version of &man.ppp.8;
that doesn't understand the word <literal>HISADDR</literal>
in the ppp.conf file. If your version of
<emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> is from before FreeBSD
@ -9156,12 +9132,10 @@ add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting>
the <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file, or to type it at the
prompt in interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on
the fly while the line is active by connecting to <emphasis
remap=bf>ppp</emphasis>s server socket using <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?telnet">telnet</ulink>
or <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl">pppctl</ulink>.
Refer to the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink> man
remap=bf>ppp</emphasis>s server socket using
&man.telnet.1; or &man.pppctl.8;.
Refer to the
&man.ppp.8; man
page for further details.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
@ -9309,8 +9283,7 @@ deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was
established, <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink>
established, &man.ppp.8;
would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control Protocol
(LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and expect
the client to do so. To force
@ -9558,8 +9531,7 @@ set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0</programlisting>
<para>In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is
actually trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time,
<ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sendmail">
sendmail</ulink> is the culprit. You should make sure that
&man.sendmail.8; is the culprit. You should make sure that
you tell sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its
configuration file. See the section on
<link linkend="ispmail">Mail Configuration</link> for details
@ -9635,8 +9607,7 @@ CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)</programlisting>
<programlisting>set log +connect</programlisting>
<para>This will make <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink> log
<para>This will make &man.ppp.8; log
everything up until the last requested <quote>expect</quote>
string.</para>
@ -9774,8 +9745,7 @@ ATDT1234567</programlisting>
<emphasis remap=bf>iface</emphasis>.</para>
<para>The problem was that when that initial program calls
<ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect">
connect(2)</ulink>, the IP number of the tun interface is
&man.connect.2;, the IP number of the tun interface is
assigned to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first
outgoing packet and writes it to the tun device. <emphasis
remap=bf>Ppp</emphasis> then reads the packet and establishes a
@ -9799,9 +9769,8 @@ ATDT1234567</programlisting>
interface IP to the negotiated IP on the fly. This is
essentially what the <literal>iface-alias</literal> option in
the latest version of <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> is
doing (with the help of <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias">
libalias(3)</ulink> and ppp's <option>-nat</option> switch) -
doing (with the help of
&man.libalias.3; and ppp's <option>-nat</option> switch) -
it's maintaining all previous interface addresses and NATing
them to the last negotiated address.</para>
@ -10262,8 +10231,7 @@ sio1: type 16550A</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>Again, the section on kernel configuration provides
information about configuring your kernel. For a multiport
serial card, place an <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio">sio</ulink> line
serial card, place an &man.sio.4; line
for each serial port on the card in the kernel configuration
file. But place the irq and vector specifiers on only one of
the entries. All of the ports on the card should share one irq.
@ -10344,8 +10312,8 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlist
57600 bps.</para>
<para>Naturally, you should make the initial state and lock state
devices writable only by <username>root</username>. The <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV">MAKEDEV</ulink>
devices writable only by <username>root</username>. The
&man.MAKEDEV.8;
script does <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> do this when it creates the
device entries.</para>
</answer>
@ -10410,9 +10378,8 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlist
<para>After making modifications to <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys">
/etc/ttys</ulink>, you need to send a hangup or
<acronym>HUP</acronym> signal to the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?init">
init</ulink> process:</para>
<acronym>HUP</acronym> signal to the
&man.init.8; process:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP 1</userinput></screen>
@ -10467,10 +10434,9 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlist
</question>
<answer>
<para>On your system, the programs <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink>
and <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu">
cu</ulink> are probably executable only by <ulink
<para>On your system, the programs &man.tip.1;
and &man.cu.1;
are probably executable only by <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?uucp">uucp</ulink>
and group <literal>dialer</literal>. You can use the group
<literal>dialer</literal> to control who has access to your
@ -10493,8 +10459,7 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlist
</question>
<answer>
<para>Actually, the man page for <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink> is
<para>Actually, the man page for &man.tip.1; is
out of date. There is a generic Hayes dialer already built in.
Just use <literal>at=hayes</literal> in your <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote">
@ -10504,8 +10469,7 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlist
the advanced features of newer modems---messages like
<literal>BUSY</literal>, <literal>NO DIALTONE</literal>, or
<literal>CONNECT 115200</literal> will just confuse it. You
should turn those messages off when you use <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink>
should turn those messages off when you use &man.tip.1;
(using <literal>ATX0&amp;W</literal>).</para>
<para>Also, the dial timeout for <command>tip</command> is 60
@ -10594,10 +10558,9 @@ tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting>
<para>Then you can do something like <command>tip -115200
5551234</command>. If you prefer <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu">cu</ulink>
over <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">
tip</ulink>, use a generic cu entry:</para>
5551234</command>. If you prefer &man.cu.1;
over
&man.tip.1;, use a generic cu entry:</para>
<programlisting>cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\
:dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting>
@ -10614,8 +10577,8 @@ tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
<para>Put in an entry for <literal>tip1200</literal> or
<literal>cu1200</literal>, but go ahead and use whatever bps
rate is appropriate with the br capability. <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink>
rate is appropriate with the br capability.
&man.tip.1;
thinks a good default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for
a <literal>tip1200</literal> entry. You don't have to use 1200
bps, though.</para>
@ -10680,8 +10643,8 @@ big-university 5551112
big-university 5551113
big-university 5551114</programlisting>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">
tip</ulink> will try each one in the listed order, then give
<para>&man.tip.1;
will try each one in the listed order, then give
up. If you want to keep retrying, run <command>tip</command>
in a while loop.</para>
</answer>
@ -10695,8 +10658,7 @@ big-university 5551114</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>CTRL+P is the default <quote>force</quote> character,
used to tell <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink>
used to tell &man.tip.1;
that the next character is literal data. You can set the
force character to any other character with the
<literal>~s</literal> escape, which means <quote>set a
@ -10725,9 +10687,8 @@ big-university 5551114</programlisting>
</question>
<answer>
<para>You must've pressed CTRL+A, <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">
tip</ulink> <quote>raise character</quote>, specially
<para>You must've pressed CTRL+A, &man.tip.1;
<quote>raise character</quote>, specially
designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use
<literal>~s</literal> as above and set the variable
<quote>raisechar</quote> to something reasonable. In fact,
@ -10753,10 +10714,9 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>If you're talking to another UNIX system, you can send
and receive files with <literal>~p</literal> (put) and
<literal>~t</literal> (take). These commands run <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cat">cat</ulink> and
<ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?echo">
echo</ulink> on the remote system to accept and send files.
<literal>~t</literal> (take). These commands run
&man.cat.1; and
&man.echo.1; on the remote system to accept and send files.
The syntax is:</para>
<programlisting>~p &lt;local-file&gt; [&lt;remote-file&gt;]
@ -10881,16 +10841,13 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
<para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)">
a.out</ulink></para>
<para>&man.a.out.5;</para>
<para>The oldest and <quote>classic</quote> unix object
format. It uses a short and compact header with a magic
number at the beginning that's often used to
characterize the format (see <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)">
a.out(5)</ulink> for more details). It contains three
characterize the format (see
&man.a.out.5; for more details). It contains three
loaded segments: .text, .data, and .bss plus a symbol
table and a string table.</para>
@ -10923,16 +10880,14 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
by providing a utility for <emphasis>branding</emphasis>
a known <acronym>ELF</acronym> executable with
information about the ABI it's compliant with. See the
man page for <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?brandelf">
brandelf</ulink> for more information.</para>
man page for &man.brandelf.1;
for more information.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist></para>
<para>FreeBSD comes from the <quote>classic</quote> camp and has
traditionally used the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)">
a.out</ulink> format, a technology tried and proven through
traditionally used the &man.a.out.5;
format, a technology tried and proven through
many generations of BSD releases. Though it has also been
possible for some time to build and run native
<acronym>ELF</acronym> binaries (and kernels) on a FreeBSD
@ -11069,10 +11024,9 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
<para>You have to use either <option>-H</option> or
<option>-L</option> together with the <option>-R</option>
option to make this work. See the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod">chmod</ulink>
and <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?symlink">
symlink</ulink> man pages for more info.</para>
option to make this work. See the
&man.chmod.1; and &man.symlink.7;
man pages for more info.</para>
<para>
<warning>
@ -11082,9 +11036,8 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
specifying directories or symlinks to directories to
<emphasis remap=tt>chmod</emphasis>. If you want to
change the permissions of a directory referenced by a
symlink, use <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod">
chmod</ulink> without any options and follow the symlink
symlink, use &man.chmod.1;
without any options and follow the symlink
with a trailing slash (<filename>/</filename>). For
example, if <filename>foo</filename> is a symlink to
directory <filename>bar</filename>, and you want to change
@ -11094,9 +11047,8 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>chmod 555 foo/</userinput></screen>
<para>With the trailing slash, <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod">
chmod</ulink> will follow the symlink,
<para>With the trailing slash, &man.chmod.1;
will follow the symlink,
<filename>foo</filename>, to change the permissions of the
directory, <filename>bar</filename>.</para>
</warning></para>
@ -11566,8 +11518,8 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>To make a release you need to do three things: First,
you need to be running a kernel with the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?vn">vn</ulink>
you need to be running a kernel with the
&man.vn.4;
driver configured in. Add this to your kernel config file
and build a new kernel:</para>
@ -11869,8 +11821,8 @@ ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.)</programlisting>
driver publicly available. If you do, then please send us a
copy of the driver source code, plus the appropriate
modifications to <emphasis remap=tt>files.i386</emphasis>, a
sample configuration file entry, and the appropriate <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV">MAKEDEV</ulink>
sample configuration file entry, and the appropriate
&man.MAKEDEV.8;
code to create any special files your device uses. If you do
not, or are unable to because of licensing restrictions, then
character major number 32 and block major number 8 have been

250
en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml
View file

@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
<corpauthor>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</corpauthor>
<pubdate>$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml,v 1.188 2001/05/01 17:56:53 nik Exp $</pubdate>
<pubdate>$FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/faq/book.sgml,v 1.189 2001/05/04 05:11:18 dd Exp $</pubdate>
<copyright>
<year>1995</year>
@ -2755,8 +2755,7 @@ Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
<para>Some unnamed clone cards have also been known to work,
especially those that claim to be AST compatible.</para>
<para>Check the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio(4)">sio</ulink>
<para>Check the &man.sio.4;
man page to get more information on configuring such cards.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
@ -3012,9 +3011,8 @@ moused_flags=""</programlisting>
paste the text. Pressing the button 3 will
<quote>extend</quote> the selected region of text. If your
mouse does not have the middle button, you may wish to emulate
it or remap buttons using moused options. See the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?moused(8)">
moused(8)</ulink> man page for details.</para>
it or remap buttons using moused options. See the
&man.moused.8; man page for details.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
@ -3215,13 +3213,13 @@ diff -u -r1.60.2.1 -r1.60.2.2
</question>
<answer>
<para>FreeBSD 2.2 supports SCSI changers using the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ch(4)">ch(4)</ulink>
device and the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio(1)">chio(1)</ulink>
<para>FreeBSD 2.2 supports SCSI changers using the
&man.ch.4;
device and the
&man.chio.1;
command. The details of how you actually control the changer
can be found in the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chio(4)">chio(1)</ulink>
can be found in the
&man.chio.1;
man page.</para>
<para>If you're not using <ulink
@ -3738,16 +3736,13 @@ quit</programlisting>
</question>
<answer>
<para>You have to tell <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount(8)">mount</ulink>
<para>You have to tell &man.mount.8;
the type of the device that you want to mount. By default,
<ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount(8)">mount(8)</ulink>
&man.mount.8;
will assume the filesystem is of type <literal>ufs</literal>.
You want to mount a CDROM filesystem, and you do this by
specifying the <option>-t cd9660</option> option to <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount(8)">
mount(8)</ulink>. This does, of course, assume that the
specifying the <option>-t cd9660</option> option to
&man.mount.8;. This does, of course, assume that the
CDROM contains an ISO 9660 filesystem, which is what most CDROMs
have. As of 1.1R, FreeBSD automatically understands the Rock
Ridge (long filename) extensions as well.</para>
@ -3965,8 +3960,7 @@ quit</programlisting>
<para>This is a known problem with the ATI Mach 64 video card.
The problem is that this card uses address
<literal>2e8</literal>, and the fourth serial port does too.
Due to a bug (feature?) in the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio(4)">sio(4)</ulink>
Due to a bug (feature?) in the &man.sio.4;
driver it will touch this port even if you don't have the
fourth serial port, and <emphasis remap=bf>even</emphasis> if
you disable sio3 (the fourth port) which normally uses this
@ -5423,8 +5417,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr</programlisting>
comments to show what to put in there.</para>
<para>In post-2.2.1 and 3.0, <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>
was renamed to a more self-describing <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)">rc.conf</ulink>
was renamed to a more self-describing &man.rc.conf.5;
file and the syntax cleaned up a bit in the process.
<filename>/etc/netstart</filename> was also renamed to
<filename>/etc/rc.network</filename> so that all files could be
@ -5466,14 +5459,11 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr</programlisting>
</question>
<answer>
<para>Use the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?adduser">adduser</ulink>
command. For more complicated usage, the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?pw">pw</ulink>
<para>Use the &man.adduser.8;
command. For more complicated usage, the &man.pw.8;
command.</para>
<para>To remove the user again, use the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rmuser">rmuser</ulink>
<para>To remove the user again, use the &man.rmuser.8;
command. Once again, <command>pw</command> will work as
well.</para>
</answer>
@ -5531,8 +5521,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr</programlisting>
file system on it. You'll get long filename support, at least a
2X improvement in performance, and a lot more stability. First,
you need to redo the DOS-level partitions/filesystems. You can
either use <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?fdisk">fdisk</ulink> or
either use &man.fdisk.8; or
<filename>/stand/sysinstall</filename>, or for a small drive
that you don't want to bother with multiple operating system
support on, just blow away the whole FAT partition table
@ -5703,8 +5692,7 @@ device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr</programlisting>
<para><emphasis remap=bf> Linux</emphasis>: 2.2 and later have
support for <emphasis remap=bf>ext2fs</emphasis> partitions.
See <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?mount_ext2fs">mount_ext2fs</ulink>
See &man.mount.ext2fs.8;
for more information.</para>
<para><emphasis remap=bf> NT</emphasis>: A read-only NTFS driver
@ -5847,8 +5835,8 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting>
<screen>Boot: <userinput>1:da(0,a)/kernel</userinput></screen>
<para>On FreeBSD 2.2.5 and later, you can configure <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?boot(8)">boot(8)</ulink>
<para>On FreeBSD 2.2.5 and later, you can configure
&man.boot.8;
to automatically do this for you at boot time.</para>
<para>The <ulink
@ -6122,13 +6110,11 @@ C:\="DOS"</programlisting>
<para>Both the <filename>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</filename>
and the <filename>.kbd</filename> extension are assumed by
<ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?kbdcontrol">
kbdcontrol</ulink>.</para>
&man.kbdcontrol.1;.</para>
<para>This can be configured in <filename>/etc/sysconfig</filename>
(or <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf(5)">
rc.conf</ulink>). See the appropriate comments in this
(or
&man.rc.conf.5;). See the appropriate comments in this
file.</para>
<para>In 2.0.5R and later, everything related to text fonts,
@ -6408,8 +6394,8 @@ options SYSVMSG # enable for messaging</programlisting>
<para>Tweaking <filename>/etc/sendmail.cf</filename> manually is
considered something for purists. Sendmail version 8 comes with
a new approach of generating config files via some <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?m4">m4</ulink>
a new approach of generating config files via some
&man.m4.1;
preprocessing, where the actual hand-crafted configuration is
on a higher abstraction level. You should use the configuration
files under
@ -6728,8 +6714,8 @@ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl</programlisting>
in-place, with the original file stored with a .bak
extension.</para>
<para>Alternatively you can use the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tr">tr</ulink>
<para>Alternatively you can use the
&man.tr.1;
command:</para>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>tr -d '\r' &lt; <replaceable>dos-text-file</replaceable> &gt; <replaceable>unix-file</replaceable></userinput></screen>
@ -6746,9 +6732,7 @@ define(`confDELIVERY_MODE',`deferred')dnl</programlisting>
<para>How do I kill processes by name?</para>
</question><answer>
<para>Use <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?killall">
killall</ulink>.</para>
<para>Use &man.killall.1;.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
@ -7909,8 +7893,7 @@ ttyvb "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25 off secure</programlisting>
by default. On a multi-user system, one doesn't necessarily
want just any user to be able to write on the system console.
For users who are logging directly onto a machine with a VTY,
the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?fbtab">fbtab</ulink>
the &man.fbtab.5;
file exists to solve such problems.</para>
<para>In a nutshell, make sure an uncommented line of the
@ -8304,22 +8287,20 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
<para>Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit
us from providing packet forwarding by default in FreeBSD. You
can however enable this feature by changing the following
variable to <literal>YES</literal> in <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?rc.conf">
rc.conf</ulink>:</para>
variable to <literal>YES</literal> in
&man.rc.conf.5;:</para>
<programlisting>gateway_enable=YES # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway</programlisting>
<para>This option will put the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sysctl">
sysctl</ulink> variable
<para>This option will put the
&man.sysctl.8; variable
<filename>net.inet.ip.forwarding</filename>
to <literal>1</literal>.</para>
<para>In most cases, you will also need to run a routing process
to tell other systems on your network about your router;
FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?routed">routed</ulink>,
FreeBSD comes with the standard BSD routing daemon
&man.routed.8;
or for more complex situations you may want to try
<emphasis>GaTeD</emphasis> (available from <ulink
URL="http://www.gated.org/"> http://www.gated.org/ </ulink>)
@ -8412,14 +8393,13 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
<para>If you have a local subnet (one or more local machines),
but have been allocated only a single IP number from your
Internet provider (or even if you receive a dynamic IP number),
you may want to look at the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?natd">natd</ulink>
you may want to look at the &man.natd.8;
program. <command>natd</command> allows you to connect an
entire subnet to the internet using only a single IP
number.</para>
<para>The <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">
ppp</ulink> program has similar functionality built in via
<para>The &man.ppp.8;
program has similar functionality built in via
the <option>-nat</option> switch. The <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias">
alias library</ulink> is used in both cases.</para>
@ -8451,9 +8431,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
<para>How can I setup Ethernet aliases?</para>
</question><answer>
<para>Add <literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal> to your <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig">
ifconfig</ulink> command-line like the following:</para>
<para>Add <literal>netmask 0xffffffff</literal> to your
&man.ifconfig.8; command-line like the following:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig ed0 alias 204.141.95.2 netmask 0xffffffff</userinput></screen>
</answer>
@ -8467,9 +8446,8 @@ Key F15 A A Menu Workplace Nop</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify
an additional parameter on the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ifconfig">
ifconfig</ulink> command line. The default port is
an additional parameter on the
&man.ifconfig.8; command line. The default port is
<literal>link0</literal>. To use the AUI port instead of the
BNC one, use <literal>link2</literal>. These flags should be
specified using the ifconfig_* variables in <ulink
@ -8894,8 +8872,7 @@ Znyx (2.2.x) ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, ZX348
</question>
<answer>
<para>The Berkeley Packet Filter <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?bpf">(bpf)</ulink>
<para>The Berkeley Packet Filter (&man.bpf.4;)
driver needs to be enabled before running programs that
utilize it. Add this to your kernel config file and build
a new kernel:</para>
@ -9000,9 +8977,9 @@ Znyx (2.2.x) ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, ZX348
</question>
<answer>
<para>You should first read the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">
ppp man page</ulink> and the <ulink
<para>You should first read the
&man.ppp.8;
man page and the <ulink
URL="../handbook/ppp-and-slip.html#USERPPP">
ppp section of the handbook</ulink>. Enable logging with
the command</para>
@ -9077,8 +9054,7 @@ default 10.0.0.2 UGSc 0 0 tun0
<para>This is assuming that you've used the addresses from the
handbook, the man page or from the ppp.conf.sample file.
If you haven't got a default route, it may be because you're
running an old version of <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink>
running an old version of &man.ppp.8;
that doesn't understand the word <literal>HISADDR</literal>
in the ppp.conf file. If your version of
<emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> is from before FreeBSD
@ -9156,12 +9132,10 @@ add 0 0 HISADDR</programlisting>
the <filename>ppp.conf</filename> file, or to type it at the
prompt in interactive mode. It is also possible to adjust it on
the fly while the line is active by connecting to <emphasis
remap=bf>ppp</emphasis>s server socket using <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?telnet">telnet</ulink>
or <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?pppctl">pppctl</ulink>.
Refer to the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink> man
remap=bf>ppp</emphasis>s server socket using
&man.telnet.1; or &man.pppctl.8;.
Refer to the
&man.ppp.8; man
page for further details.</para>
</answer>
</qandaentry>
@ -9309,8 +9283,7 @@ deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>Prior to FreeBSD version 2.2.5, once the link was
established, <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink>
established, &man.ppp.8;
would wait for the peer to initiate the Line Control Protocol
(LCP). Many ISPs will not initiate negotiations and expect
the client to do so. To force
@ -9558,8 +9531,7 @@ set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0</programlisting>
<para>In the DNS case, you should try to determine what is
actually trying to resolve a host name. A lot of the time,
<ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sendmail">
sendmail</ulink> is the culprit. You should make sure that
&man.sendmail.8; is the culprit. You should make sure that
you tell sendmail not to do any DNS lookups in its
configuration file. See the section on
<link linkend="ispmail">Mail Configuration</link> for details
@ -9635,8 +9607,7 @@ CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)</programlisting>
<programlisting>set log +connect</programlisting>
<para>This will make <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ppp">ppp</ulink> log
<para>This will make &man.ppp.8; log
everything up until the last requested <quote>expect</quote>
string.</para>
@ -9774,8 +9745,7 @@ ATDT1234567</programlisting>
<emphasis remap=bf>iface</emphasis>.</para>
<para>The problem was that when that initial program calls
<ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?connect">
connect(2)</ulink>, the IP number of the tun interface is
&man.connect.2;, the IP number of the tun interface is
assigned to the socket endpoint. The kernel creates the first
outgoing packet and writes it to the tun device. <emphasis
remap=bf>Ppp</emphasis> then reads the packet and establishes a
@ -9799,9 +9769,8 @@ ATDT1234567</programlisting>
interface IP to the negotiated IP on the fly. This is
essentially what the <literal>iface-alias</literal> option in
the latest version of <emphasis remap=bf>ppp</emphasis> is
doing (with the help of <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?libalias">
libalias(3)</ulink> and ppp's <option>-nat</option> switch) -
doing (with the help of
&man.libalias.3; and ppp's <option>-nat</option> switch) -
it's maintaining all previous interface addresses and NATing
them to the last negotiated address.</para>
@ -10262,8 +10231,7 @@ sio1: type 16550A</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>Again, the section on kernel configuration provides
information about configuring your kernel. For a multiport
serial card, place an <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?sio">sio</ulink> line
serial card, place an &man.sio.4; line
for each serial port on the card in the kernel configuration
file. But place the irq and vector specifiers on only one of
the entries. All of the ports on the card should share one irq.
@ -10344,8 +10312,8 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlist
57600 bps.</para>
<para>Naturally, you should make the initial state and lock state
devices writable only by <username>root</username>. The <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV">MAKEDEV</ulink>
devices writable only by <username>root</username>. The
&man.MAKEDEV.8;
script does <emphasis>NOT</emphasis> do this when it creates the
device entries.</para>
</answer>
@ -10410,9 +10378,8 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlist
<para>After making modifications to <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?ttys">
/etc/ttys</ulink>, you need to send a hangup or
<acronym>HUP</acronym> signal to the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?init">
init</ulink> process:</para>
<acronym>HUP</acronym> signal to the
&man.init.8; process:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>kill -HUP 1</userinput></screen>
@ -10467,10 +10434,9 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlist
</question>
<answer>
<para>On your system, the programs <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink>
and <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu">
cu</ulink> are probably executable only by <ulink
<para>On your system, the programs &man.tip.1;
and &man.cu.1;
are probably executable only by <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?uucp">uucp</ulink>
and group <literal>dialer</literal>. You can use the group
<literal>dialer</literal> to control who has access to your
@ -10493,8 +10459,7 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlist
</question>
<answer>
<para>Actually, the man page for <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink> is
<para>Actually, the man page for &man.tip.1; is
out of date. There is a generic Hayes dialer already built in.
Just use <literal>at=hayes</literal> in your <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?remote">
@ -10504,8 +10469,7 @@ device sio7 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x781 irq 7 vector siointr</programlist
the advanced features of newer modems---messages like
<literal>BUSY</literal>, <literal>NO DIALTONE</literal>, or
<literal>CONNECT 115200</literal> will just confuse it. You
should turn those messages off when you use <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink>
should turn those messages off when you use &man.tip.1;
(using <literal>ATX0&amp;W</literal>).</para>
<para>Also, the dial timeout for <command>tip</command> is 60
@ -10594,10 +10558,9 @@ tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
:dv=/dev/cuaa0:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting>
<para>Then you can do something like <command>tip -115200
5551234</command>. If you prefer <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cu">cu</ulink>
over <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">
tip</ulink>, use a generic cu entry:</para>
5551234</command>. If you prefer &man.cu.1;
over
&man.tip.1;, use a generic cu entry:</para>
<programlisting>cu115200|Use cu to dial any number at 115200bps:\
:dv=/dev/cuaa1:br#57600:at=hayes:pa=none:du:</programlisting>
@ -10614,8 +10577,8 @@ tip57600|Dial any phone number at 57600 bps:\
<para>Put in an entry for <literal>tip1200</literal> or
<literal>cu1200</literal>, but go ahead and use whatever bps
rate is appropriate with the br capability. <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink>
rate is appropriate with the br capability.
&man.tip.1;
thinks a good default is 1200 bps which is why it looks for
a <literal>tip1200</literal> entry. You don't have to use 1200
bps, though.</para>
@ -10680,8 +10643,8 @@ big-university 5551112
big-university 5551113
big-university 5551114</programlisting>
<para><ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">
tip</ulink> will try each one in the listed order, then give
<para>&man.tip.1;
will try each one in the listed order, then give
up. If you want to keep retrying, run <command>tip</command>
in a while loop.</para>
</answer>
@ -10695,8 +10658,7 @@ big-university 5551114</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>CTRL+P is the default <quote>force</quote> character,
used to tell <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">tip</ulink>
used to tell &man.tip.1;
that the next character is literal data. You can set the
force character to any other character with the
<literal>~s</literal> escape, which means <quote>set a
@ -10725,9 +10687,8 @@ big-university 5551114</programlisting>
</question>
<answer>
<para>You must've pressed CTRL+A, <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?tip">
tip</ulink> <quote>raise character</quote>, specially
<para>You must've pressed CTRL+A, &man.tip.1;
<quote>raise character</quote>, specially
designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use
<literal>~s</literal> as above and set the variable
<quote>raisechar</quote> to something reasonable. In fact,
@ -10753,10 +10714,9 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>If you're talking to another UNIX system, you can send
and receive files with <literal>~p</literal> (put) and
<literal>~t</literal> (take). These commands run <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?cat">cat</ulink> and
<ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?echo">
echo</ulink> on the remote system to accept and send files.
<literal>~t</literal> (take). These commands run
&man.cat.1; and
&man.echo.1; on the remote system to accept and send files.
The syntax is:</para>
<programlisting>~p &lt;local-file&gt; [&lt;remote-file&gt;]
@ -10881,16 +10841,13 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
<para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)">
a.out</ulink></para>
<para>&man.a.out.5;</para>
<para>The oldest and <quote>classic</quote> unix object
format. It uses a short and compact header with a magic
number at the beginning that's often used to
characterize the format (see <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)">
a.out(5)</ulink> for more details). It contains three
characterize the format (see
&man.a.out.5; for more details). It contains three
loaded segments: .text, .data, and .bss plus a symbol
table and a string table.</para>
@ -10923,16 +10880,14 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
by providing a utility for <emphasis>branding</emphasis>
a known <acronym>ELF</acronym> executable with
information about the ABI it's compliant with. See the
man page for <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?brandelf">
brandelf</ulink> for more information.</para>
man page for &man.brandelf.1;
for more information.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist></para>
<para>FreeBSD comes from the <quote>classic</quote> camp and has
traditionally used the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?a.out(5)">
a.out</ulink> format, a technology tried and proven through
traditionally used the &man.a.out.5;
format, a technology tried and proven through
many generations of BSD releases. Though it has also been
possible for some time to build and run native
<acronym>ELF</acronym> binaries (and kernels) on a FreeBSD
@ -11069,10 +11024,9 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
<para>You have to use either <option>-H</option> or
<option>-L</option> together with the <option>-R</option>
option to make this work. See the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod">chmod</ulink>
and <ulink URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?symlink">
symlink</ulink> man pages for more info.</para>
option to make this work. See the
&man.chmod.1; and &man.symlink.7;
man pages for more info.</para>
<para>
<warning>
@ -11082,9 +11036,8 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
specifying directories or symlinks to directories to
<emphasis remap=tt>chmod</emphasis>. If you want to
change the permissions of a directory referenced by a
symlink, use <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod">
chmod</ulink> without any options and follow the symlink
symlink, use &man.chmod.1;
without any options and follow the symlink
with a trailing slash (<filename>/</filename>). For
example, if <filename>foo</filename> is a symlink to
directory <filename>bar</filename>, and you want to change
@ -11094,9 +11047,8 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
<screen>&prompt.user; <userinput>chmod 555 foo/</userinput></screen>
<para>With the trailing slash, <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?chmod">
chmod</ulink> will follow the symlink,
<para>With the trailing slash, &man.chmod.1;
will follow the symlink,
<filename>foo</filename>, to change the permissions of the
directory, <filename>bar</filename>.</para>
</warning></para>
@ -11566,8 +11518,8 @@ raisechar=^^</programlisting>
<answer>
<para>To make a release you need to do three things: First,
you need to be running a kernel with the <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?vn">vn</ulink>
you need to be running a kernel with the
&man.vn.4;
driver configured in. Add this to your kernel config file
and build a new kernel:</para>
@ -11869,8 +11821,8 @@ ${RELEASEDIR}/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.)</programlisting>
driver publicly available. If you do, then please send us a
copy of the driver source code, plus the appropriate
modifications to <emphasis remap=tt>files.i386</emphasis>, a
sample configuration file entry, and the appropriate <ulink
URL="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?MAKEDEV">MAKEDEV</ulink>
sample configuration file entry, and the appropriate
&man.MAKEDEV.8;
code to create any special files your device uses. If you do
not, or are unable to because of licensing restrictions, then
character major number 32 and block major number 8 have been