White space fix only. Translators can ignore.

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@ -27,11 +27,11 @@
<primary><acronym>PPP</acronym></primary>
</indexterm>
<para>&os; has a number of ways to link one computer to
another. To establish a network or Internet connection through
a dial-up modem, or to allow others to do so through you,
requires the use of <acronym>PPP</acronym>. This chapter describes setting
up these modem-based communication services in detail.</para>
<para>&os; has a number of ways to link one computer to another.
To establish a network or Internet connection through a dial-up
modem, or to allow others to do so through you, requires the use
of <acronym>PPP</acronym>. This chapter describes setting u
p these modem-based communication services in detail.</para>
<para>After reading this chapter, you will know:</para>
@ -40,10 +40,12 @@
<para>How to set configure <acronym>PPP</acronym>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to set up <acronym>PPP</acronym> over Ethernet (<acronym>PPPoE</acronym>).</para>
<para>How to set up <acronym>PPP</acronym> over Ethernet
(<acronym>PPPoE</acronym>).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>How to set up <acronym>PPP</acronym> over ATM (<acronym>PPPoA</acronym>).</para>
<para>How to set up <acronym>PPP</acronym> over ATM
(<acronym>PPPoA</acronym>).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
@ -105,120 +107,119 @@
<title>Configuring <acronym>PPP</acronym></title>
<para>This document assumes you have the following:</para>
<para>This document assumes you have the following:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>An account with an Internet Service Provider (<acronym>ISP</acronym>)
which you connect to using <acronym>PPP</acronym>.</para>
</listitem>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>An account with an Internet Service Provider
(<acronym>ISP</acronym>) which you connect to using
<acronym>PPP</acronym>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A modem or
other device connected to your system and properly
configured to allow you to connect to your ISP.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A modem or other device connected to your system and
properly configured to allow you to connect to your
ISP.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The dial-up number(s) of your ISP.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The dial-up number(s) of your ISP.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The login name and password assigned by the ISP.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The login name and password assigned by the ISP.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The IP address of one or more name servers.
Normally, you will be given two IP addresses by your
ISP to use for this. If they have not given you at
least one, then you can use the <command>enable
dns</command> command in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>
and <application>ppp</application> will set the name
servers for you. This feature depends on your ISP's
<acronym>PPP</acronym> implementation supporting DNS negotiation.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The IP address of one or more name servers.
Normally, you will be given two IP addresses by your
ISP to use for this. If they have not given you at
least one, then you can use the <command>enable
dns</command> command in <filename>ppp.conf</filename>
and <application>ppp</application> will set the name
servers for you. This feature depends on your ISP's
<acronym>PPP</acronym> implementation supporting DNS
negotiation.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>The following information may be supplied by your ISP,
but is not completely necessary:</para>
<para>The following information may be supplied by your ISP, but
is not completely necessary:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The IP address of your ISP's gateway. The gateway
is the machine to which you will connect and will be
set up as your <emphasis>default route</emphasis>. If
you do not have this information, we can make one up
and your ISP's PPP server will tell us the correct value
when we connect.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The IP address of your ISP's gateway. The gateway is
the machine to which you will connect and will be set up as
your <emphasis>default route</emphasis>. If you do not have
this information, we can make one up and your ISP's PPP
server will tell us the correct value when we
connect.</para>
<para>This IP number is referred to as
<literal>HISADDR</literal> by
<application>ppp</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<para>This IP number is referred to as
<literal>HISADDR</literal> by
<application>ppp</application>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The netmask you should use. If your ISP has not
provided you with one, you can safely use <hostid
role="netmask">255.255.255.255</hostid>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The netmask you should use. If your ISP has not
provided you with one, you can safely use <hostid
role="netmask">255.255.255.255</hostid>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<indexterm id="ppp-static-ip">
<primary>static IP address</primary>
</indexterm>
<listitem>
<indexterm id="ppp-static-ip">
<primary>static IP address</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>If your ISP provides you with a static IP address
and hostname, you can enter it. Otherwise, we simply
let the peer assign whatever IP address it sees
fit.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>If your ISP provides you with a static IP address and
hostname, you can enter it. Otherwise, we simply let the
peer assign whatever IP address it sees fit.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>If you do not have any of the required information,
contact your ISP.</para>
<para>If you do not have any of the required information, contact
your ISP.</para>
<note>
<para>Throughout this section, many of the examples showing
the contents of configuration files are numbered by line.
These numbers serve to aid in the presentation and
discussion only and are not meant to be placed in the
actual file. Proper indentation with tab and space
characters is also important.</para>
</note>
<note>
<para>Throughout this section, many of the examples showing the
contents of configuration files are numbered by line. These
numbers serve to aid in the presentation and discussion only
and are not meant to be placed in the actual file. Proper
indentation with tab and space characters is also
important.</para>
</note>
<para><command>ppp</command> uses the configuration files
located in <filename class="directory">/etc/ppp</filename>.
Examples can be found in <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/examples/ppp/</filename>.</para>
<para><command>ppp</command> uses the configuration files located
in <filename class="directory">/etc/ppp</filename>. Examples
can be found in <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/examples/ppp/</filename>.</para>
<para>Configuring <command>ppp</command> requires that you
edit a number of files, depending on your requirements.
What you put in them depends to some extent on whether your
ISP allocates IP addresses statically (i.e., you get given
one IP address, and always use that one) or dynamically
(i.e., your IP address changes each time you connect to
your ISP).</para>
<para>Configuring <command>ppp</command> requires that you edit a
number of files, depending on your requirements. What you put
in them depends to some extent on whether your ISP allocates IP
addresses statically (i.e., you get given one IP address, and
always use that one) or dynamically (i.e., your IP address
changes each time you connect to your ISP).</para>
<sect2 id="userppp-staticIP">
<title>PPP With Static IP Addresses</title>
<sect2 id="userppp-staticIP">
<title>PPP With Static IP Addresses</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>with static IP addresses</secondary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>PPP</primary>
<secondary>with static IP addresses</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>You will need to edit the
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> configuration file.
It should look similar to the example below.</para>
<para>You will need to edit the
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename> configuration file.
It should look similar to the example below.</para>
<note>
<para>Lines that end in a <literal>:</literal> start in
the first column (beginning of the line)&mdash; all
other lines should be indented as shown using spaces
or tabs.</para>
</note>
<note>
<para>Lines that end in a <literal>:</literal> start in the
first column (beginning of the line)&mdash; all other lines
should be indented as shown using spaces or tabs.</para>
</note>
<programlisting>1 default:
<programlisting>1 default:
2 set log Phase Chat LCP IPCP CCP tun command
3 ident user-ppp VERSION (built COMPILATIONDATE)
4 set device /dev/cuau0
@ -399,11 +400,13 @@
<term>Line 15:</term>
<listitem>
<para>If you are using PAP<indexterm><primary>PAP</primary></indexterm> or CHAP<indexterm><primary>CHAP</primary></indexterm>, there will be no
login at this point, and this line should be
commented out or removed. See <xref
linkend="userppp-PAPnCHAP"/>
for further details.</para>
<para>If you are using
PAP<indexterm><primary>PAP</primary></indexterm> or
CHAP<indexterm><primary>CHAP</primary></indexterm>,
there will be no login at this point, and this line
should be commented out or removed. See <xref
linkend="userppp-PAPnCHAP"/> for further
details.</para>
<para>The login string is of the same chat-like
syntax as the dial string. In this example, the
@ -427,12 +430,13 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<term>Line 16:</term>
<listitem>
<para>Sets the default idle timeout<indexterm><primary>timeout</primary></indexterm> (in seconds) for
the connection. Here, the connection will be closed
automatically after 300 seconds of inactivity. If
you never want to timeout, set this value to zero
or use the <option>-ddial</option> command line
switch.</para>
<para>Sets the default idle
timeout<indexterm><primary>timeout</primary></indexterm>
(in seconds) for the connection. Here, the
connection will be closed automatically after 300
seconds of inactivity. If you never want to
timeout, set this value to zero or use the
<option>-ddial</option> command line switch.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@ -441,20 +445,21 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<listitem>
<para>Sets the interface addresses. The string
<replaceable>x.x.x.x</replaceable> should be
replaced by the IP address that your provider<indexterm><primary>ISP</primary></indexterm> has
allocated to you. The string
replaced by the IP address that your
provider<indexterm><primary>ISP</primary></indexterm>
has allocated to you. The string
<replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable> should be
replaced by the IP address that your ISP indicated
for their gateway (the machine to which you
connect). If your ISP has not given you a gateway
address, use <hostid
role="netmask">10.0.0.2/0</hostid>. If you need to
use a <quote>guessed</quote> address, make sure that
you create an entry in
role="netmask">10.0.0.2/0</hostid>. If you need
to use a <quote>guessed</quote> address, make sure
that you create an entry in
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup</filename> as per the
instructions in <xref
linkend="userppp-dynamicIP"/>. If this line is omitted,
<command>ppp</command> cannot run in
linkend="userppp-dynamicIP"/>. If this line is
omitted, <command>ppp</command> cannot run in
<option>-auto</option> mode.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@ -492,7 +497,8 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="userppp-dynamicIP">
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> With Dynamic IP Addresses</title>
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> With Dynamic IP
Addresses</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><acronym>PPP</acronym></primary>
@ -509,8 +515,10 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<quote>guessing</quote> an IP address and allowing
<command>ppp</command> to set it up correctly using the IP
Configuration Protocol (IPCP) after connecting. The
<filename>ppp.conf</filename> configuration is the same as that described in
<xref linkend="userppp-staticIP"/>, with the following change:</para>
<filename>ppp.conf</filename> configuration is the same as
that described in <xref
linkend="userppp-staticIP"/>, with the following
change:</para>
<programlisting>17 set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0</programlisting>
@ -634,12 +642,11 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
<para>Later versions of <command>mgetty</command> (from
0.99beta onwards) also support the automatic detection of
<acronym>PPP</acronym> streams, allowing your clients script-less access to
your server.</para>
<acronym>PPP</acronym> streams, allowing your clients
script-less access to your server.</para>
<para>Refer to <xref linkend="userppp-mgetty"/>
for more information on
<command>mgetty</command>.</para>
<para>Refer to <xref linkend="userppp-mgetty"/> for more
information on <command>mgetty</command>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
@ -666,7 +673,8 @@ protocol: ppp</screen>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Dynamic IP Users</title>
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Dynamic IP
Users</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><acronym>PPP</acronym> shells</primary>
@ -718,7 +726,8 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct $IDENT</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Static IP Users</title>
<title><acronym>PPP</acronym> Shells for Static IP
Users</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><acronym>PPP</acronym> shells</primary>
@ -830,10 +839,11 @@ mary:
role="package">comms/mgetty+sendfax</filename> port
comes with the <literal>AUTO_PPP</literal> option enabled
allowing <command>mgetty</command> to detect the LCP
phase of <acronym>PPP</acronym> connections and automatically spawn off a
ppp shell. However, since the default login/password
sequence does not occur it is necessary to authenticate
users using either PAP or CHAP.</para>
phase of <acronym>PPP</acronym> connections and
automatically spawn off a ppp shell. However, since the
default login/password sequence does not occur it is
necessary to authenticate users using either PAP or
CHAP.</para>
<para>This section assumes the user has successfully
compiled, and installed the <filename
@ -903,15 +913,17 @@ exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct pap$IDENT</programlisting>
<para>It is possible to configure PPP to supply DNS and
NetBIOS nameserver addresses on demand.</para>
<para>To enable these extensions with <acronym>PPP</acronym> version 1.x, the
following lines might be added to the relevant section
of <filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>.</para>
<para>To enable these extensions with
<acronym>PPP</acronym> version 1.x, the following lines
might be added to the relevant section of
<filename>/etc/ppp/ppp.conf</filename>.</para>
<programlisting>enable msext
set ns 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.2
set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<para>And for <acronym>PPP</acronym> version 2 and above:</para>
<para>And for <acronym>PPP</acronym> version 2 and
above:</para>
<programlisting>accept dns
set dns 203.14.100.1 203.14.100.2
@ -922,8 +934,8 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
host.</para>
<para>In version 2 and above, if the
<literal>set dns</literal> line is omitted, <acronym>PPP</acronym> will
use the values found in
<literal>set dns</literal> line is omitted,
<acronym>PPP</acronym> will use the values found in
<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.</para>
</sect2>
@ -970,7 +982,8 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
<varlistentry>
<term>Line 14:</term>
<listitem>
<para>This line specifies your PAP/CHAP password<indexterm><primary>password</primary></indexterm>.
<para>This line specifies your PAP/CHAP
password<indexterm><primary>password</primary></indexterm>.
You will need to insert the correct value for
<replaceable>MyPassword</replaceable>. You may
want to add an additional line, such as:</para>
@ -1024,8 +1037,8 @@ set nbns 203.14.100.5</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="userppp-nat">
<title>Using <acronym>PPP</acronym> Network Address Translation
Capability</title>
<title>Using <acronym>PPP</acronym> Network Address
Translation Capability</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><acronym>PPP</acronym></primary><secondary>NAT</secondary>
@ -1156,9 +1169,9 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp</userinput></screen>
<para>and then <command>dial provider</command> to start the
<acronym>PPP</acronym> session, or, if you want <command>ppp</command> to
establish sessions automatically when there is outbound
traffic (and you have not created the
<acronym>PPP</acronym> session, or, if you want
<command>ppp</command> to establish sessions automatically
when there is outbound traffic (and you have not created the
<filename>start_if.tun0</filename> script), type:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ppp -auto provider</userinput></screen>
@ -1275,9 +1288,10 @@ ifconfig_tun0=</programlisting>
</indexterm>
<para>This section covers a few issues which may arise when
using <acronym>PPP</acronym> over a modem connection. For instance, perhaps you
need to know exactly what prompts the system you are dialing
into will present. Some <acronym>ISP</acronym>s present the
using <acronym>PPP</acronym> over a modem connection. For
instance, perhaps you need to know exactly what prompts the
system you are dialing into will present. Some
<acronym>ISP</acronym>s present the
<literal>ssword</literal> prompt, and others will present
<literal>password</literal>; if the <command>ppp</command>
script is not written accordingly, the login attempt will
@ -1519,8 +1533,8 @@ nameserver <replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable></programlisting>
<programlisting>!ppp
*.* /var/log/ppp.log</programlisting>
<para>to <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename>. In most
cases, this functionality already exists.</para>
<para>to <filename>/etc/syslog.conf</filename>. In most
cases, this functionality already exists.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
@ -1545,7 +1559,8 @@ nameserver <replaceable>y.y.y.y</replaceable></programlisting>
<secondary>over Ethernet</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>This section describes how to set up <acronym>PPP</acronym> over Ethernet
<para>This section describes how to set up
<acronym>PPP</acronym> over Ethernet
(<acronym>PPPoE</acronym>).</para>
<para>Here is an example of a working
@ -1590,14 +1605,14 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting>
you cannot locate it there, ask your ISP's tech support
personnel.</para>
<para>As a last resort, you could try installing
the <filename role="package">net/rr-pppoe</filename> package or port. Bear in mind
however, this may de-program your modem and render it useless,
so think twice before doing it. Simply install the program
shipped with the modem by your provider. Then, access the
<guimenu>System</guimenu> menu from the program. The name
of your profile should be listed there. It is usually
<emphasis>ISP</emphasis>.</para>
<para>As a last resort, you could try installing the <filename
role="package">net/rr-pppoe</filename> package or port.
Bear in mind however, this may de-program your modem and
render it useless, so think twice before doing it. Simply
install the program shipped with the modem by your provider.
Then, access the <guimenu>System</guimenu> menu from the
program. The name of your profile should be listed there. It
is usually <emphasis>ISP</emphasis>.</para>
<para>The profile name (service tag) will be used in the PPPoE
configuration entry in <filename>ppp.conf</filename> as the
@ -1609,13 +1624,14 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting>
<para>Do not forget to change <replaceable>xl1</replaceable>
to the proper device for your Ethernet card.</para>
<para>Do not forget to change <replaceable>ISP</replaceable>
to the profile you have just found above.</para>
<para>For additional information, refer to <ulink
url="http://renaud.waldura.com/doc/freebsd/pppoe/">Cheaper
Broadband with &os; on DSL</ulink> by Renaud
Waldura.</para>
url="http://renaud.waldura.com/doc/freebsd/pppoe/">Cheaper
Broadband with &os; on DSL</ulink> by Renaud
Waldura.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="ppp-3com">
@ -1626,11 +1642,11 @@ ppp_profile="name_of_service_provider"</programlisting>
<para>This modem does not follow <ulink
url="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2516.html">RFC 2516</ulink>
(<emphasis>A Method for transmitting <acronym>PPP</acronym> over Ethernet
(PPPoE)</emphasis>, written by L. Mamakos, K. Lidl, J. Evarts,
D. Carrel, D. Simone, and R. Wheeler). Instead, different
packet type codes have been used for the Ethernet frames.
Please complain to <ulink
(<emphasis>A Method for transmitting <acronym>PPP</acronym>
over Ethernet (PPPoE)</emphasis>, written by L. Mamakos, K.
Lidl, J. Evarts, D. Carrel, D. Simone, and R. Wheeler).
Instead, different packet type codes have been used for the
Ethernet frames. Please complain to <ulink
url="http://www.3com.com/">3Com</ulink> if you think it
should comply with the PPPoE specification.</para>
@ -1727,9 +1743,9 @@ ppp_profile="adsl"</programlisting>
<para>You can use <application>mpd</application> to connect to a
variety of services, in particular PPTP services. You can
find <application>mpd</application> in the Ports Collection,
<filename role="package">net/mpd5</filename>. Many ADSL modems
require that a PPTP tunnel is created between the modem and
computer, one such modem is the Alcatel &speedtouch;
<filename role="package">net/mpd5</filename>. Many ADSL
modems require that a PPTP tunnel is created between the modem
and computer, one such modem is the Alcatel &speedtouch;
Home.</para>
<para>First you must install the port, and then you can
@ -1883,14 +1899,14 @@ ng0: flags=88d1&lt;UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500
</warning>
<para>This will open a tunnel for a <acronym>PPP</acronym> session to your DSL
router. Ethernet DSL modems have a preconfigured LAN IP
address which you connect to. In the case of the Alcatel
&speedtouch; Home this address is <hostid
<para>This will open a tunnel for a <acronym>PPP</acronym>
session to your DSL router. Ethernet DSL modems have a
preconfigured LAN IP address which you connect to. In the
case of the Alcatel &speedtouch; Home this address is <hostid
role="ipaddr">10.0.0.138</hostid>. Your router
documentation should tell you which address your device
uses. To open the tunnel and start a <acronym>PPP</acronym> session execute
the following command:</para>
uses. To open the tunnel and start a <acronym>PPP</acronym>
session execute the following command:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>pptp <replaceable>address</replaceable> <replaceable>adsl</replaceable></userinput></screen>